CN108571319A - A kind of differential gas cut and displaced type gas cut judgment method and device - Google Patents
A kind of differential gas cut and displaced type gas cut judgment method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN108571319A CN108571319A CN201810187366.2A CN201810187366A CN108571319A CN 108571319 A CN108571319 A CN 108571319A CN 201810187366 A CN201810187366 A CN 201810187366A CN 108571319 A CN108571319 A CN 108571319A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/06—Power analysis or power optimisation
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of differential gas cut and displaced type gas cut judgment method and device, the method first obtains practical rate of discharge time series data and standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data；Further according to drilling parameter, respectively obtain under differential gas cut and standard rate of discharge time series data and/or standard standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data under displaced type gas cut；Practical rate of discharge time series data and/or standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data are calculated separately respectively with standard rate of discharge time series data and/or the similarity of standard standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data under differential gas cut mark and under displaced type gas cut, and gas cut mode is judged according to similarity.By the invention it is possible to quickly judge gas cut type, reduce drilling risk, and it is easy to operate, device requirement is few.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to annular space gas cut mode judgment technology fields during gas drilling, and in particular, to a kind of pressure
Differential gas cut and displaced type gas cut judgment method and device.
Background technology
With environmental protection pressure increase and technological progress, the low-carbon trend of global Energy Consumption is increasingly apparent, and natural gas is made
For high-quality and efficient, the clean low-carbon energy of green, the important bridge that will change from high-carbon to low-carbon as global energy.To meet
Demand of the national economic development to clean energy resource, deep bad ground is constantly moved towards in the construction of natural gas fields, but deep bad ground is normal
Have the characteristics that high temperature, high pressure, narrow density safe window, drilling failure complexity take place frequently, drilling risk is high.It is especially narrow in deep
When Density Window is crept into, often because bottom pressure control is improper, there is natural gas in stratum and invade pit shaft phenomenon.Natural gas invades well
After cylinder, it will be risen along annular space by the de'collement of circulation of drilling fluid and gas itself and constantly be expanded, bottom pressure is caused to reduce,
Gas cut degree is further aggravated, seriously even results in blowout out of control.
According to genesis mechanism and stratum characteristic, gas cut be divided into differential gas cut, displaced type gas cut, debris breaker gas gas cut and
The gas cuts mode such as concentration difference gas cut, wherein debris breaker gas gas cut and concentration difference gas cut shaft bottom air inflow is smaller (can generally neglect
Slightly), differential gas cut and displaced type gas cut shaft bottom air inflow are larger, are influenced on drilling safety big.
Differential gas cut and displaced type gas cut have essential distinction in genesis mechanism, and processing mode is also completely different, pressure difference
Formula gas cut refers to that bottom pressure is less than strata pressure, and the gas in stratum is under differential pressure action by the mistake of stratum filtration to pit shaft
Journey is happened in the case of the Negative Pressure Difference of shaft bottom, and processing method is to increase bottom pressure, makes bottom pressure equilibrium strata pressure；And
Displaced type gas cut refers to the drilling fluid in gas and pit shaft in stratum under the action of density contrast, and the drilling fluid in pit shaft enters
Stratum, formation gas enter the process in pit shaft, are happened under shaft bottom overbalance, nearly balance, and processing method is to block
If formation fracture cannot not only inhibit gas cut using the method for increasing bottom pressure, can press leakage stratum instead, cause bigger
Loss.Although genesis mechanism and processing method are different, its form of expression is roughly the same, and (such as rate of discharge increases, standpipe pressure
Power reduction etc.), if not carrying out depth analysis to data, difficulty or ease distinguish two kinds of gas cut modes, in addition, country's situ of drilling well at present
Flow and pressure sensor measurement accuracy are relatively low, and the measure data precision of acquisition is insufficient, also cause the identification of gas cut mode difficult.
In the paper and patent published at present, the judgment method to differential gas cut and displaced type gas cut is：Monitoring
After occurring to gas cut, apply back pressure at well head, according to increase after one lagged time of back pressure at well head mud flow rate into
Row judges that mud flow rate reduces at well head if applying after one lagged time of back pressure, is differential gas cut；If applying back pressure one
Mud flow rate remains unchanged at well head after a lagged time, then is displaced type gas cut.Although this method can judge differential
Gas cut and displaced type gas cut, but use condition is limited, is only applicable to the controlled pressure drilling process for applying back pressure condition, it is in addition deep
One lagged time of well is generally a few hours, longer the time required to judging, cannot meet the well control safety of quickly processing gas cut
It is required that.
Invention content
To solve the above-mentioned problems, a kind of differential gas cut of present invention offer and displaced type gas cut judgment method and device,
Gas cut type can be judged in time when gas cut occurs, pointedly to take well control measure to provide technical support.
Specifically, a kind of differential gas cut of the present invention and displaced type gas cut judgment method, the method includes with
Lower step：
S1：Rate of discharge and standpipe pressure data are acquired, practical rate of discharge time series data and standpipe pressure are obtained
Derivative time sequence data；
S2：According to drilling parameter, differential gas cut and displaced type gas cut process are simulated respectively, respectively obtains differential gas cut
The lower standard rate of discharge time series data of mark and/or standard standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data and displaced type gas cut
Lower standard rate of discharge time series data and/or standard standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data；
S3：Calculate separately practical rate of discharge time series data and/or standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data difference
When with standard rate of discharge time series data under differential gas cut mark and under displaced type gas cut and/or standard standpipe pressure derivative
Between sequence data similarity, gas cut mode is judged according to similarity.
Preferably, the similarity calculating method is as follows：
By taking rate of discharge time series data similarity calculation as an example, X is the rate of discharge that outlet flow sensor measures
Time series, YI are the differential gas cut standard exit flow for coupling the transient state pit shaft multiphase flow software for calculation on stratum and being calculated
Time series, YII are the displaced type gas cut standard exit stream for coupling the transient state pit shaft multiphase flow software for calculation on stratum and being calculated
Time series is measured, length is respectively n, m1, m2；
X=X1, X2..., Xi..., Xn
YI=YI1, YI2..., YIj..., YIm1
YII=YII1, YII2..., YIIk..., YIIm2
Steps are as follows for the similarity calculation of X sequences and YI sequences：
(1) distance matrix is calculated
MT is the distance matrix of X sequences and YI sequences, d (Xi,YIj) it is two time series data point XiAnd YIjBetween
Distance value：
d(Xi,YIj)=(Xi-YIj)2
(2) regular path is calculated
For X sequences and YI sequences, there is at least one set of complete correspondence and so that accumulative distance value is minimum, this is most
Small cumulative distance is dynamic time warping distance；
In formula, XYI is cumulative distance matrix, for recording shortest path；
X sequences and the dynamic time warping distance of YI sequences are：
Similarly, X sequences and the dynamic time warping distance of YII sequences are：
If Ddtw1(X,YI)<Ddtw1(X, YII) shows that X sequences and the similarity of YI sequences are more than X sequences and YII sequences
Similarity, i.e., gas cut mode be differential gas cut.
Preferably, according to drilling parameter in the S2, differential gas cut and displaced type gas cut process are simulated respectively, respectively
Standard rate of discharge time series data and standard standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data under to differential gas cut mark, and set
Changing the specific method of standard rate of discharge time series data and standard standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data under formula gas cut is：
Using the transient state pit shaft multiphase stream calculation mould on the coupling stratum built in current drilling parameter and data analytics server
Type simulates differential gas cut and displaced type gas cut process respectively, and the standard under differential gas cut and displaced type gas cut that respectively obtains goes out
Mouth flow-time sequence data and standard standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data.
Further, the transient state pit shaft multiphase flow calculation model is as follows：
The transient state pit shaft multiphase flow calculation model for coupling stratum includes continuity equation, the equation of motion and some auxiliary squares
Journey：
Continuity equation：
The equation of motion：
Subsidiary equation includes that gas density calculates, Gaseous Z-factor calculates, gas velocity calculates and gas holdup calculates：
Gas density calculates formula：
Gaseous Z-factor calculation formula：
Gas velocity calculation formula：vg=C0vm+v∞；
Gas holdup calculation formula：
Formation gas invades model：
In formula, A is annular space sectional area, m2；ρgFor gas density, kg/m3；EgFor gas holdup, dimensionless；vgFor gas stream
Speed, m/s；ΓgFor air source item, kg/m/s in continuity equation；ρlFor drilling fluid density, kg/m3；ElFor liquid holdup, El+Eg=1,
Dimensionless；vlFor drilling well flow velocity, m/s；P is pressure, Pa；ρmFor mixture density, ρm=ρlEl+ρgEg, kg/m3；For
Frictional resistance pressure drop, Pa/m；For fluid column pressure drop, Pa/m；Z is Gaseous Z-factor, dimensionless；R is mol gas constant,
0.008471MPa·m3/(kmol·K)；T is gas absolute temperature, K；MgFor gas relative molecular mass；TprFor quasi- pair of gas
Than temperature, refer to the ratio between absolute operating temperature and pseudo-critical temperature of gas, dimensionless；ρprIntend reduced density, dimensionless for gas；
pprFor gas pseudoreduced pressure, refer to the ratio between the absolute operating pressure of gas and quasi- critical pressure, dimensionless；C0For breadth coefficient,
Dimensionless is related to flow pattern；vmFor gas-liquid mixed speed, m/s；v∞For drift velocity, m/s is related to flow pattern；vsgFor gas meter
See speed, m/s；K is in-place permeability, mD；H (t) is to bore to meet reservoir thickness, m；PeFor strata pressure, MPa；Pw(t) it is shaft bottom
Pressure, MPa；TbFor bottom hole temperature (BHT), K；ZbFor downhole gas deviation factor, dimensionless；μ is gas viscosity, mPa.s；reFor reservoir
Radius, m；rwFor wellbore radius, m；φ is porosity, %；C1、C2For constant；G () characterizes displaced type gas cut shaft bottom rate of gas cut
With the relevant constant of porosity, permeability and wellbore radius, the formula without concrete form, the value at present can not theoretical calculation,
It can be obtained by measuring.
Meanwhile the invention further relates to a kind of differential gas cut and displaced type gas cut judgment means, the differential gas cut and
Displaced type gas cut judgment means include standpipe pressure sensor, outlet flow sensor, measuring signal monitoring processing computer, number
According to Analysis server, flag alarm and data line；
The standpipe pressure sensor is mounted on drilling fluid inlet, can measure standpipe pressure in real time；
The outlet flow sensor is mounted on wellhead drilling fluid outlet line, can measure drilling fluid outlet stream in real time
Amount；
The data line will be at the standpipe pressure sensor, outlet flow sensor and the measuring signal monitoring
It manages computer to be connected, realizes data transfer；
Measuring signal monitoring processing computer can the standpipe pressure that transmits of data line described in real-time reception and outlet stream
Measure data；Measuring signal monitoring processing built-in computer has data processing software, to the standpipe pressure that receives and can go out
Mouth data on flows carries out preliminary treatment calculating, generates outlet flow-time sequence data and standpipe pressure derivative time sequence number
According to；The measuring signal monitoring processing computer has human-computer interaction interface and integrated graphics software for drawing, can input current brill
Well parameter and displaying data in real-time, figure；
The data analytics server is connect by data line with monitoring processing computer is measured, and is received and is measured monitoring
Handle computer disposal good rate of discharge time series data and standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data, and current drilling well ginseng
Number；The transient state pit shaft multiphase flow calculation model on the coupling stratum on the built-in coupling stratum of the data analytics server, by that will survey
The time series data measured carries out similarity calculation with the standard time series data that simulation is calculated, and obtains gas cut side
Formula；
The flag alarm receives the judging result from data analytics server, is alarmed according to gas cut mode.
Preferably, the differential gas cut and displaced type gas cut judgment means using foregoing differential gas cut and are set
Change formula gas cut judgment method.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
(1) judge quickly, it is real-time：Existing gas cut mode judgment method judges that the period needs a lagged time,
One lagged time of general deep-well is a few hours, judges that time length is easy to cause gas cut deterioration, the present invention is carried out by data
Depth is excavated, and using similarity algorithm, can judge that required time is short to gas cut mode in gas cut early stage, real-time.
(2) easy to operate, operating risk is low：Existing gas cut mode judgment method needs after-applied time in gas cut generation
Pressure, and for narrow Density Window strata drilling, drilling fluid leakage may be led to by applying back pressure, have larger operating risk.This
Invention only measures well head data in real time in gas cut early stage, carries out calculating analysis to real-time measuring data, does not carry out other operations,
It is easy to operate, there is lower operating risk.
(3) device requirement is few：The present invention need not intervene drilling process, only the number to being generated in drilling process
According to being analyzed, using standpipe pressure sensor and outlet flow sensor real-time data collection, processing meter is monitored by measuring
Calculation machine and data analytics server calculate, and can realize the judgement of gas cut mode.
(4) applied widely：Existing gas cut mode judgment method is only applicable to the controlled pressure drilling process with backpressure pump,
The present invention is suitable for all drilling process using liquid drilling fluid in addition to gas drilling.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of differential gas cut of the present invention and displaced type gas cut judgment means structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the sequence diagram of the rate of discharge time series data measured in real time；
Fig. 3 is the sequence diagram for measuring standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data in real time；
Fig. 4 is standard rate of discharge time series data and standard standpipe pressure derivative time sequence number under differential gas cut
According to sequence diagram；
Fig. 5 is standard rate of discharge time series data and standard standpipe pressure derivative time sequence number under displaced type gas cut
According to sequence diagram.
Specific implementation mode
For a clearer understanding of the technical characteristics, objects and effects of the present invention, now control illustrates this hair
Bright specific implementation mode.
The differential gas cut and displaced type gas cut judgment means structural schematic diagram of the present invention is as shown in Figure 1, differential gas cut
Include standpipe pressure sensor 1, outlet flow sensor 2, measuring signal monitoring processing calculating with displaced type gas cut judgment means
Machine 3, data analytics server 4, flag alarm 5 and data line 6.
Standpipe pressure sensor 1 is mounted on drilling fluid inlet, measures standpipe pressure in real time；Outlet flow sensor 2 is pacified
On wellhead drilling fluid outlet line, drilling fluids outlet flow is measured in real time；Data line 6 by standpipe pressure sensor 1,
Outlet flow sensor 2 monitors processing computer 3 with measuring signal and is connected, and realizes data transfer；Measuring signal monitoring processing meter
Calculation machine 3 can real-time reception data line 6 transmit standpipe pressure and rate of discharge data；In measuring signal monitoring processing computer 3
It is equipped with data processing software, preliminary treatment calculating can be carried out to the standpipe pressure and rate of discharge data received, generate outlet
Flow-time sequence data and standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data；Measuring signal monitoring processing computer 3 has man-machine friendship
Mutual interface and integrated graphics software for drawing, can input current drilling parameter and displaying data in real-time, figure；Data analytics server
4 are connect by data line 6 with monitoring processing computer 3 is measured, and are received measurement monitoring and are handled the outlet that computer 3 is handled well
Flow-time sequence data and standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data and current drilling parameter；Built in data analytics server 4
The transient state pit shaft Simulation of Multiphase Flow software and similarity calculation for coupling stratum, by the way that obtained time series data will be measured
Similarity calculation is carried out with the standard time series data that simulation is calculated, obtains gas cut mode；Flag alarm 5, which receives, to be come
From the judging result of data analytics server 4, alarmed according to gas cut mode.
The differential gas cut of the present invention and the specific practice of displaced type gas cut judgement are：When gas cut occurs, standpipe pressure sensing
Device 1, outlet flow sensor 2 measure standpipe pressure and rate of discharge in real time；Measuring signal monitoring processing 3 real-time reception of computer
And the standpipe pressure transmitted by the data line 6 and rate of discharge signal are handled, obtain rate of discharge time series number
According to standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data, data analytics server 4 is reached by data line 6；Data analysis service
The transient state pit shaft Simulation of Multiphase Flow software on the coupling stratum built in device 4, differential gas cut is simulated using current drilling parameter respectively
With displaced type gas cut process, standard rate of discharge time series data and mark under differential gas cut and displaced type gas cut are respectively obtained
Quasi- standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data.Similarity calculation software built in data analytics server 4, what calculating measured in real time
The similarity of rate of discharge time series data and standard exit flow-time sequence data, the standpipe pressure derivative measured in real time
The similarity of time series data and standard standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data, according to real-time time of measuring sequence data with
The similarity size of standard time series data judges gas cut mode, if time of measuring sequence data and differential gas cut mark in real time
The similarity of quasi- time series data is more than displaced type gas cut, and gas cut mode is differential gas cut, otherwise is displaced type gas cut.
Specifically, a kind of differential gas cut of the present invention and displaced type gas cut judgment method, the method includes with
Lower step：
S1：Rate of discharge and standpipe pressure data are acquired, practical rate of discharge time series data and standpipe pressure are obtained
Derivative time sequence data；
S2：According to drilling parameter, differential gas cut and displaced type gas cut process are simulated respectively, respectively obtains differential gas cut
The lower standard rate of discharge time series data of mark and/or standard standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data and displaced type gas cut
Lower standard rate of discharge time series data and/or standard standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data；
S3：Calculate separately practical rate of discharge time series data and/or standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data difference
When with standard rate of discharge time series data under differential gas cut mark and under displaced type gas cut and/or standard standpipe pressure derivative
Between sequence data similarity, gas cut mode is judged according to similarity.
Preferably, the similarity calculating method is as follows：
By taking rate of discharge time series data similarity calculation as an example, X is the rate of discharge that outlet flow sensor measures
Time series, YI are the differential gas cut standard exit flow for coupling the transient state pit shaft multiphase flow software for calculation on stratum and being calculated
Time series, YII are the displaced type gas cut standard exit stream for coupling the transient state pit shaft multiphase flow software for calculation on stratum and being calculated
Time series is measured, length is respectively n, m1, m2；
X=X1, X2..., Xi..., Xn
YI=YI1, YI2..., YIj..., YIm1
YII=YII1, YII2..., YIIk..., YIIm2
Steps are as follows for the similarity calculation of X sequences and YI sequences：
(1) distance matrix is calculated
MT is the distance matrix of X sequences and YI sequences, d (Xi,YIj) it is two time series data point XiAnd YIjBetween
Distance value：
d(Xi,YIj)=(Xi-YIj)2
(2) regular path is calculated
For X sequences and YI sequences, there is at least one set of complete correspondence and so that accumulative distance value is minimum, this is most
Small cumulative distance is dynamic time warping distance；
In formula, XYI is cumulative distance matrix, for recording shortest path；
X sequences and the dynamic time warping distance of YI sequences are：
Similarly, X sequences and the dynamic time warping distance of YII sequences are：
If Ddtw1(X,YI)<Ddtw1(X, YII) shows that X sequences and the similarity of YI sequences are more than X sequences and YII sequences
Similarity, i.e., gas cut mode be differential gas cut.
Preferably, according to drilling parameter in the S2, differential gas cut and displaced type gas cut process are simulated respectively, respectively
Standard rate of discharge time series data and standard standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data under to differential gas cut mark, and set
Changing the specific method of standard rate of discharge time series data and standard standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data under formula gas cut is：
Using the transient state pit shaft multiphase stream calculation mould on the coupling stratum built in current drilling parameter and data analytics server
Type simulates differential gas cut and displaced type gas cut process respectively, and the standard under differential gas cut and displaced type gas cut that respectively obtains goes out
Mouth flow-time sequence data and standard standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data.
Further, the transient state pit shaft multiphase flow calculation model is as follows：
The transient state pit shaft multiphase flow calculation model for coupling stratum includes continuity equation, the equation of motion and some auxiliary squares
Journey：
Continuity equation：
The equation of motion：
Subsidiary equation includes that gas density calculates, Gaseous Z-factor calculates, gas velocity calculates and gas holdup calculates：
Gas density calculates formula：
Gaseous Z-factor calculation formula：
Gas velocity calculation formula：vg=C0vm+v∞；
Gas holdup calculation formula：
Formation gas invades model：
In formula, A is annular space sectional area, m2；ρgFor gas density, kg/m3；EgFor gas holdup, dimensionless；vgFor gas stream
Speed, m/s；ΓgFor air source item, kg/m/s in continuity equation；ρlFor drilling fluid density, kg/m3；ElFor liquid holdup, El+Eg=1,
Dimensionless；vlFor drilling well flow velocity, m/s；P is pressure, Pa；ρmFor mixture density, ρm=ρlEl+ρgEg, kg/m3；For
Frictional resistance pressure drop, Pa/m；For fluid column pressure drop, Pa/m；Z is Gaseous Z-factor, dimensionless；R is mol gas constant,
0.008471MPa·m3/(kmol·K)；T is gas absolute temperature, K；MgFor gas relative molecular mass；TprFor quasi- pair of gas
Than temperature, refer to the ratio between absolute operating temperature and pseudo-critical temperature of gas, dimensionless；ρprIntend reduced density, dimensionless for gas；
pprFor gas pseudoreduced pressure, refer to the ratio between the absolute operating pressure of gas and quasi- critical pressure, dimensionless；C0For breadth coefficient,
Dimensionless is related to flow pattern；vmFor gas-liquid mixed speed, m/s；v∞For drift velocity, m/s is related to flow pattern；vsgFor gas meter
See speed, m/s；K is in-place permeability, mD；H (t) is to bore to meet reservoir thickness, m；PeFor strata pressure, MPa；Pw(t) it is shaft bottom
Pressure, MPa；TbFor bottom hole temperature (BHT), K；ZbFor downhole gas deviation factor, dimensionless；μ is gas viscosity, mPa.s；reFor reservoir
Radius, m；rwFor wellbore radius, m；φ is porosity, %；C1、C2For constant；G () characterizes displaced type gas cut shaft bottom rate of gas cut
With the relevant constant of porosity, permeability and wellbore radius, the formula without concrete form, the value at present can not theoretical calculation,
It can be obtained by measuring.
Preferably to confirm the effect of the present invention and being easy to understand, illustrated with concrete case, Xinjiang well Φ
241mm drill bit+Φ 127mm drilling rods are drilled into well depth 5740m and find that gas cut, wherein Φ 273mm casing setting depths 4616m, drilling well are liquid-tight
Spend 1.8g/cm3, discharge capacity 20L/s, drilling fluid viscosity 40mPa.s, strata pressure 115MPa, in-place permeability 10mD, stratum supply
Radius 167m, 20 DEG C of wellhead temperature, 0.02 DEG C/m of geothermal gradient have bored reservoir thickness 1m, rate of penetration 3.6m/h.
By the real-time measurement of standpipe pressure sensor and outlet flow sensor, monitors processing by measuring signal and calculate
The processing of machine calculates, and obtains rate of discharge time series data and standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data, and Fig. 2 is to measure in real time
Rate of discharge time series data sequence diagram, Fig. 3 be in real time measure standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data sequence diagram.
The well drilling parameter is transmitted to data analytics server, the transient state pit shaft Simulation of Multiphase Flow using coupling stratum is soft
Part carries out simulation calculating, obtains standard rate of discharge time series data and standard standpipe under differential gas cut as shown in Figure 4
Standard rate of discharge time series number under the sequence diagram of pressure derivative time series data and displaced type gas cut as shown in Figure 5
According to the sequence diagram with standard standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data.
It is similar to normal data that real-time measuring data is calculated using the similarity calculation software in data analytics server
Degree obtains the dynamic of the rate of discharge time series data and differential gas cut standard exit flow-time sequence data measured in real time
State Time alignment distance is 7.79, the rate of discharge time series data measured in real time and displacement gas cut standard exit flow-time
The dynamic time warping distance of sequence data is 10.678；The standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data measured in real time with it is differential
The dynamic time warping distance of gas cut standard standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data is 0.018, the standpipe pressure measured in real time
Derivative time sequence data and the dynamic time warping distance of differential gas cut standard standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data are
0.0628.Dynamic time warpping shows that similarity is higher apart from smaller, therefore between real-time measuring data and differential gas cut normal data
Similarity it is high compared with displaced type gas cut normal data, therefore the secondary gas cut mode is judged as differential gas cut.Flag alarm connects
The judging result from data analytics server is received, the gas cut mode of alarming is differential gas cut.
It should be noted that for each embodiment of the method above-mentioned, for simple description, therefore it is all expressed as to a system
The combination of actions of row, but those skilled in the art should understand that, the application is not limited by the described action sequence, because
For according to the application, certain some step can be performed in other orders or simultaneously.Secondly, those skilled in the art also should
Know, embodiment described in this description belongs to preferred embodiment, involved action and unit not necessarily this Shen
It please be necessary.
In the above-described embodiments, it all emphasizes particularly on different fields to the description of each embodiment, is not described in some embodiment
Part, may refer to the associated description of other embodiment.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that realizing all or part of flow in above-described embodiment method, being can be with
Relevant hardware is instructed to complete by computer program, the program can be stored in computer read/write memory medium
In, the program is when being executed, it may include such as the flow of the embodiment of above-mentioned each method.Wherein, the storage medium can be magnetic
Dish, CD, ROM, RAM etc..
The above disclosure is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, cannot limit the right model of the present invention with this certainly
It encloses, therefore equivalent changes made in accordance with the claims of the present invention, is still within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of differential gas cut and displaced type gas cut judgment method, which is characterized in that the described method comprises the following steps：
S1：Rate of discharge and standpipe pressure data are acquired, practical rate of discharge time series data and standpipe pressure derivative are obtained
Time series data；
S2：According to drilling parameter, differential gas cut and displaced type gas cut process are simulated respectively, are respectively obtained under differential gas cut mark
Standard exit flow-time sequence data and/or standard standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data and displaced type gas cut subscript
Quasi- rate of discharge time series data and/or standard standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data；
S3：Calculate separately practical rate of discharge time series data and/or standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data respectively with pressure
Under differential gas cut mark and displaced type gas cut under standard rate of discharge time series data and/or standard standpipe pressure derivative time sequence
The similarity of column data judges gas cut mode according to similarity.
2. a kind of differential gas cut as described in claim 1 and displaced type gas cut judgment method, which is characterized in that the phase
It is as follows like degree computational methods：
By taking rate of discharge time series data similarity calculation as an example, X is the rate of discharge time that outlet flow sensor measures
Sequence, YI are the differential gas cut standard exit flow-time for coupling the transient state pit shaft multiphase flow software for calculation on stratum and being calculated
Sequence, when YII is the displaced type gas cut standard exit flow that the transient state pit shaft multiphase flow software for calculation on coupling stratum is calculated
Between sequence, length is respectively n, m1, m2；
X=X1, X2..., Xi..., Xn
YI=YI1, YI2..., YIj..., YIm1
YII=YII1, YII2..., YIIk..., YIIm2
Steps are as follows for the similarity calculation of X sequences and YI sequences：
(1) distance matrix is calculated
MT is the distance matrix of X sequences and YI sequences, d (Xi,YIj) it is two time series data point XiAnd YIjThe distance between
Value：
d(Xi,YIj)=(Xi-YIj)2
(2) regular path is calculated
For X sequences and YI sequences, there is at least one set of complete correspondence and so that accumulative distance value is minimum, the minimum
Cumulative distance is dynamic time warping distance；
In formula, XYI is cumulative distance matrix, for recording shortest path；
X sequences and the dynamic time warping distance of YI sequences are：
Similarly, X sequences and the dynamic time warping distance of YII sequences are：
If Ddtw1(X,YI)<Ddtw1(X, YII) shows that X sequences are more than the phase of X sequences and YII sequences with the similarity of YI sequences
Like degree, i.e. gas cut mode is differential gas cut.
3. a kind of differential gas cut as claimed in claim 1 or 2 and displaced type gas cut judgment method, which is characterized in that described
According to drilling parameter in S2, differential gas cut and displaced type gas cut process are simulated respectively, respectively obtain differential gas cut mark subscript
Standard exit under quasi- rate of discharge time series data and standard standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data and displaced type gas cut
The specific method of flow-time sequence data and standard standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data is：
Using the transient state pit shaft multiphase flow calculation model on the coupling stratum built in current drilling parameter and data analytics server, divide
Differential gas cut and displaced type gas cut process are not simulated, respectively obtain standard rate of discharge under differential gas cut and displaced type gas cut
Time series data and/or standard standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data.
4. a kind of differential gas cut as claimed in claim 3 and displaced type gas cut judgment method, which is characterized in that the wink
State pit shaft multiphase flow calculation model is as follows：
The transient state pit shaft multiphase flow calculation model for coupling stratum includes continuity equation, the equation of motion and some subsidiary equations：
Continuity equation：
The equation of motion：
Subsidiary equation includes that gas density calculates, Gaseous Z-factor calculates, gas velocity calculates and gas holdup calculates：
Gas density calculates formula：
Gaseous Z-factor calculation formula：
Gas velocity calculation formula：vg=C0vm+v∞；
Gas holdup calculation formula：
Formation gas invades model：
In formula, A is annular space sectional area, m2；ρgFor gas density, kg/m3；EgFor gas holdup, dimensionless；vgFor gas flow rate, m/
s；ΓgFor air source item, kg/m/s in continuity equation；ρlFor drilling fluid density, kg/m3；ElFor liquid holdup, El+Eg=1, it is immeasurable
Guiding principle；vlFor drilling well flow velocity, m/s；P is pressure, Pa；ρmFor mixture density, ρm=ρlEl+ρgEg, kg/m3；For frictional resistance
Pressure drop, Pa/m；For fluid column pressure drop, Pa/m；Z is Gaseous Z-factor, dimensionless；R is mol gas constant,
0.008471MPa·m3/(kmol·K)；T is gas absolute temperature, K；MgFor gas relative molecular mass；TprFor quasi- pair of gas
Than temperature, refer to the ratio between absolute operating temperature and pseudo-critical temperature of gas, dimensionless；ρprIntend reduced density, dimensionless for gas；
pprFor gas pseudoreduced pressure, refer to the ratio between the absolute operating pressure of gas and quasi- critical pressure, dimensionless；C0For breadth coefficient,
Dimensionless is related to flow pattern；vmFor gas-liquid mixed speed, m/s；v∞For drift velocity, m/s is related to flow pattern；vsgFor gas meter
See speed, m/s；K is in-place permeability, mD；H (t) is to bore to meet reservoir thickness, m；PeFor strata pressure, MPa；Pw(t) it is shaft bottom
Pressure, MPa；TbFor bottom hole temperature (BHT), K；ZbFor downhole gas deviation factor, dimensionless；μ is gas viscosity, mPa.s；reFor reservoir
Radius, m；rwFor wellbore radius, m；φ is porosity, %；C1、C2For constant.
5. a kind of differential gas cut and displaced type gas cut judgment means, which is characterized in that the differential gas cut and displaced type gas
It includes standpipe pressure sensor, outlet flow sensor, measuring signal monitoring processing computer, data analysis clothes to invade judgment means
Business device, flag alarm and data line；
The standpipe pressure sensor is mounted on drilling fluid inlet, can measure standpipe pressure in real time；
The outlet flow sensor is mounted on wellhead drilling fluid outlet line, can measure drilling fluids outlet flow in real time；
The data line counts the standpipe pressure sensor, outlet flow sensor and measuring signal monitoring processing
Calculation machine is connected, and realizes data transfer；
Measuring signal monitoring processing computer can the standpipe pressure that transmits of data line described in real-time reception and rate of discharge number
According to；Measuring signal monitoring processing built-in computer has data processing software, can be to the standpipe pressure and outlet stream that receive
It measures data and carries out preliminary treatment calculating, generate outlet flow-time sequence data and standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data；Institute
Stating measuring signal monitoring processing computer has human-computer interaction interface and integrated graphics software for drawing, can input current drilling parameter
And displaying data in real-time, figure；
The data analytics server is connect by data line with monitoring processing computer is measured, and is received and is measured monitoring processing
The good rate of discharge time series data of computer disposal and standpipe pressure derivative time sequence data and current drilling parameter；
The transient state pit shaft multiphase flow calculation model on the coupling stratum on the built-in coupling stratum of the data analytics server, by that will measure
To the standard time series data that are calculated of time series data and simulation carry out similarity calculation, obtain gas cut mode；
The flag alarm receives the judging result from data analytics server, is alarmed according to gas cut mode.
6. a kind of differential gas cut as claimed in claim 5 and displaced type gas cut judgment means, which is characterized in that the pressure difference
Formula gas cut and displaced type gas cut judgment means using as described in one of claim 1-4 differential gas cut and displaced type gas cut sentence
Disconnected method.
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