CN110598248B - Method for judging well killing stage and ending condition by direct pushing method - Google Patents
Method for judging well killing stage and ending condition by direct pushing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for judging the killing stage and the ending condition by a direct pushing method, which comprises the following steps: s1, logging well shut-in data and stratum and fluid physical property parameters after well shut-in through geological logging data and adjacent well data; s2, processing the data and parameters in the S1 and drawing a theoretical wellbore pressure change curve; s3, processing the data acquired by the wellhead pressure sensor and the bottom pressure sensor and drawing an actual shaft pressure change curve; s4, analyzing the theoretical shaft pressure change curve and the actual shaft pressure change curve, and identifying and judging a well killing stage; and S5, judging the well killing end condition. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the well killing stage is judged according to the change of flow resistance in the well killing process and the difference of the change rule of the wellhead pressure, so that the well killing process is accurately controlled, and the reservoir is protected for safe construction of well killing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of well control of petroleum drilling, in particular to a method for judging well killing stage and ending conditions by a direct pushing method.
Background
At present, with the stricter requirements of China on environmental protection, the pressure of environmental protection of oil and gas drilling is further increased. However, with the continuous extension and expansion of the field of oil and gas exploration and development, the difficulty of drilling is increasing from the land to shallow sea of a beach and from the shallow layer to the deep layer, and overflow sometimes occurs and is difficult to completely avoid. The discharge of overflow and contaminated drilling fluid becomes a difficult problem in the traditional throttling circulation well control mode, particularly drilling stratums encountering toxic gases such as hydrogen sulfide and the like, and the traditional well control technology cannot quickly control overflow when circulation cannot be established due to the damage of a drill pipe and the like. In order to cope with complex stratum, implement fast drilling safely and excellently, and simultaneously meet the requirement of the country on environmental protection, the well control technology must be taken as important content of research and development.
The well control technology of the vertical push killing well can be used no matter whether a drilling tool is arranged in a shaft or not on the premise of closing the well, and can quickly push the overflow back to the stratum by utilizing the high pressure of the well mouth, so that the vertical push killing well can effectively prevent toxic gas from reaching the ground when the drilling tool is attacked by the toxic gas such as hydrogen sulfide. The well control technology of the vertical push killing well effectively avoids the pollution of the overflow to the environment while controlling the overflow rapidly, and meets the requirement of environmental protection. However, in the existing direct push method kill well control technology, the actual kill stage is obtained by comparing the change rule of the actual measurement data of the kill well with the change rule of the wellbore pressure in the theoretical kill stage, and the control process cannot be accurately mastered by judging the fluid composition in the wellbore and the hydrostatic column pressure based on the reservoir protection thought, so that the safety guarantee cannot be provided for the wellbore and the stratum in the kill well process. Therefore, a method for judging the killing stage and the ending condition by a direct pushing method is needed, which combines the change of flow resistance in the killing process and the difference of wellhead pressure change rules to accurately control the killing process and guarantee a reservoir for safe killing construction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for judging the killing stage and the ending condition of a direct pushing method.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for judging the killing stage and ending condition of a direct pushing method comprises the following steps:
s1, logging well shut-in data and stratum and fluid physical property parameters after well shut-in through geological logging data and adjacent well data;
s2, processing the data and parameters in the S1 and drawing a theoretical wellbore pressure change curve;
s3, processing the data acquired by the wellhead pressure sensor and the bottom pressure sensor and drawing an actual shaft pressure change curve;
s4, analyzing a theoretical shaft pressure change curve and an actual shaft pressure change curve, and identifying and judging a well killing stage;
and S5, judging the well killing end condition.
The step S2 includes the following sub-steps:
s21, calculating the well killing discharge capacity and the well killing fluid density;
s22, determining the pressure composition relation in the well bore in the well killing process;
s23, calculating the pressure of the gas column;
s24, drawing a wellbore pressure change rule and theoretical kill curve analysis in the kill stage;
the step S3 includes the following sub-steps:
s31, transmitting the acquired data to a data processing system through a signal receiver by a wellhead pressure sensor and a bottom hole pressure sensor;
s32, the data processing system carries out cleaning and noise reduction pretreatment on the data;
and S33, analyzing the change rule of the shaft pressure in real time by the data processing system, and drawing an actual shaft pressure change curve.
In step S4, the killing stage is determined according to the similarity.
The concrete conditions for judging the well killing end condition in the step S5 are that the overflow in the shaft is completely pushed back to the stratum and the hydrostatic column pressure in the shaft meets the well control requirement.
The formation and fluid property parameters in the step S1 include formation pressure, rock porosity, permeability, pay thickness, gas density, gas viscosity, wellbore size, and formation pressure boundary; the well closing data after the well comprises a well body structure, a drilling tool assembly, well closing casing pressure, well closing vertical pressure, outlet density of drilling fluid, viscosity of drilling fluid, density of drilling fluid, fluid distribution in a shaft and fluid distribution in the shaft.
Still include the step of kill-job physical model before step S3, kill-job physical model is including setting up in blowout preventer stack (1) of roof, setting up in signal receiver (2) on blowout preventer stack (1), and signal receiver (2) are connected with the data processing system electricity, and the shaft bottom is provided with shaft bottom pressure sensor (3), and the roof is provided with well head pressure sensor (4), and well head pressure sensor (4) and shaft bottom pressure sensor (3) all are connected with signal receiver (2) electricity, be provided with drilling rod (5) in blowout preventer stack (1), drilling rod (5) extend in the well downwards, and extend the end department and install drill bit (6).
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) the method comprises the steps of theoretically calculating the wellbore pressure in each stage of well killing to obtain the variation rule of the wellbore pressure in each stage, comparing the variation rule of actual measurement data of well killing with the variation rule of the wellbore pressure in the theoretical well killing stage to obtain the actual well killing stage, judging the fluid composition in the wellbore and the hydrostatic column pressure based on the reservoir protection idea, and providing a straight push method well killing ending condition judgment process, so that the risk of polluting the reservoir can be reduced.
(2) The invention provides guarantee for the safety of the shaft and the stratum in the well killing process by accurately mastering the well killing process, thereby providing theoretical guidance for the implementation of well killing operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of kill ending condition determination;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a kill physical model;
in the figure, 1-a blowout preventer group, 2-a signal receiver, 3-a bottom hole pressure sensor, 4-a top hole pressure sensor, 5-a drill rod, 6-a drill bit, 7-a well killing fluid, 8-a drilling fluid, 9-a gas-liquid two-phase flow, 10-a gas column and 11-a stratum.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, without limiting the scope of the invention to the following:
as shown in fig. 1, a method for judging the killing stage and the ending condition by the direct pushing method comprises the following steps:
s1, logging well shut-in data after well shut-in and formation and fluid physical parameters through geological logging data and adjacent well data, wherein the formation and fluid physical parameters comprise formation pressure, rock porosity, permeability, stratum thickness, gas density, gas viscosity, borehole size and formation pressure boundary; the well closing data after the well comprises a well body structure, a drilling tool assembly, well closing casing pressure, well closing vertical pressure, outlet density of drilling fluid, viscosity of drilling fluid, density of drilling fluid, fluid distribution in a shaft and fluid distribution in the shaft;
s2, processing the data and parameters in the S1 and drawing a theoretical wellbore pressure change curve, and the method comprises the following substeps:
s21, calculating the well killing discharge capacity and the well killing fluid density, wherein the specific calculation steps are as follows:
the density design principle of the well killing fluid is as follows: under the condition of ensuring the safety of a shaft, the balance is quickly established by adopting higher density of the well killing fluid as much as possible, and the drilling fluid is ensured not to be pushed back or to be pushed back to enter a stratum, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
however, by designing according to the principle, the stratum can be pressed and leaked due to overhigh wellbore pressure during the well killing process because the density of the well killing fluid is overhigh. At the moment, the density of the well killing fluid needs to be properly reduced through trial calculation so as to meet the safety requirement of the shaft, but the density cannot be lower than the minimum well killing fluid density rhok', the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, PeAdding safety pressure of 3-5 MPa; h is well depth m; h ismThe length of the original well bore uncontaminated drilling fluid is m; g is the acceleration of gravity, m/s2；
The design principle of the well killing fluid displacement is as follows: the descending speed of the well killing liquid must be larger than the upward slipping speed of the bubbles, so that the gas in the shaft is completely removed, and the successful well killing is ensured. However, the well killing discharge capacity cannot be larger than the safety condition of the stratum-shaft, the stratum cannot be crushed and the shaft cannot be damaged, and more serious accidents are caused, and the calculation formula is as follows:
the minimum well killing fluid displacement calculation formula is as follows:
Qmin＝vgrA (3)
vgrthe gas slip speed, m/s; rhom，ρgRespectively, the drilling fluid density and the gas density are kg/m3(ii) a σ is surface tension, 10-3N/m; a is the cross-sectional area of the annulus, m2；
The maximum displacement calculation formula is as follows:
Qmax＜min(Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4) (5)
in the formula: q1Maximum allowable kill volume, m, for wellhead equipment to withstand pressure3/s；Q2Maximum kill volume, m, allowed for bottom hole burst pressure3/s；Q3Maximum kill volume, m, allowed for the burst pressure at the shoe3/s；Q4Maximum kill volume, m, allowed for casing to resist internal pressure3/s；
S22, determining the pressure composition relation in the shaft in the well killing process, and the concrete steps are as follows:
during the initial stages of kill, the bottom hole pressure may be less than the formation pressure. At the instant the kill begins, flow friction is created, then as the gas continues to be compressed, the force of the compressed gas increases the wellhead pressure and continues to rise until the bottom hole pressure equals the formation pressure, a stage referred to as the dynamic sealing stage. At this stage the wellhead pressure has the following relationship to the flow resistance:
Pa＝PC+Pf+Pp-Ph (6)
in the formula: paThe wellhead pressure is MPa; phHydrostatic column pressure, MPa; pfIs a flow friction resistance, MPa；PCThe force generated by compressing natural gas, MPa; p ispIs the formation pressure, MPa.
When the bottom hole pressure is equal to the formation pressure, the overflow fluid is pushed back to the formation, the gas compression force reaches the maximum at the moment, and is slowly reduced to zero along with the pushing of the gas phase of the shaft to the formation, meanwhile, because the seepage resistance is different when the gas phase, the gas-liquid two-phase flow and the liquid phase are pushed back to the formation, a turning point can be generated in a kill curve, the fluid flowing friction resistance and the hydrostatic column pressure composition in the shaft are also changed due to the change of the fluid type in the shaft after the turning point, and the wellhead pressure and the various pressures in the shaft have the following relations:
Pa＝PC+Pf+Pp+ΔP-Ph (7)
in the formula: paThe wellhead pressure is MPa; p ishHydrostatic column pressure, MPa; pfFlow friction resistance, MPa; pCThe force generated by compressing natural gas, MPa; ppIs the formation pressure, MPa; delta PiIs the seepage resistance of certain type of fluid, MPa;
in the well killing process, the pressure in the well bore continuously changes along with the well killing, and the pressure at the well head changes along with the change of the flow resistance. The flow resistance consists of fluid flow friction, seepage resistance generated in the process of pushing the fluid back to the stratum, stratum pressure and gas column pressure generated after gas columns in the shaft are compressed, and the composition of various pressures at different stages is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 composition of the various pressures at the different kill stages
S23, calculating gas column pressure, wherein the specific calculation steps are as follows:
the pressure in the well bore comprises the hydrostatic column pressure, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Phi＝0.0098ρiHi
the flow friction calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula fiIs a certain type of fluid fanning friction coefficient; rhoiDensity of a fluid of a certain type, Kg/m3；Dw，DzThe inner diameter of the sleeve and the outer diameter of the drill column are mm respectively; hiIs the length of a certain type of fluid in the wellbore, m; v is the flow velocity of the well killing fluid, m/s;
the seepage resistance calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: q is kill discharge, m3/d；KφIs the formation flow coefficient of the fluid, μm2；μiIs a certain type of fluid viscosity, mPa · s; delta PiThe fluid seepage resistance is a certain fluid seepage resistance, MPa; r ise，rwRespectively the outer edge radius and the wellbore radius, m, of the well control; h isrIs the reservoir thickness, m;
the gas column pressure consists of the pressure of the well killing fluid compressing original well bore gas and the pressure of the continuous invading gas, and the calculation formula is as follows:
PC＝PC1+PC2 (10)
in the formula: pC1，PC2The pressure of a gas column with follow current effect and the pressure of a gas column generated by the gas compression of the original well cylinder are respectively MPa;
the calculation formula of the pressure of the gas column with the follow current effect is as follows:
gas column produced by compressing gas in original well boreA pressure of[6]：
S24, drawing a wellbore pressure change rule and theoretical kill curve analysis in the kill stage, and specifically comprising the following steps:
after the formation physical property and fluid parameters are obtained and the related data after shut-in, the density of the well killing fluid is calculated according to the formulas (1) and (2), the optimal displacement of the well killing fluid is selected according to the formulas (3) and (4), the relation between the wellhead pressure and the pressure in the shaft is determined according to the formulas (6) and (7), the pressure composition in the shaft is judged by combining the table 1, the related pressure is calculated according to the formulas (8), (9) and (10), the change rule of the shaft pressure in each stage is analyzed according to the pressure composition in the shaft, and the shaft pressure change curve is drawn by using drawing software.
S3, processing the data collected by the wellhead and bottom hole pressure sensors and drawing the actual wellbore pressure change curve, which comprises the following substeps:
s31, before the step S3, the method further comprises a step of killing a well physical model, wherein the killing well physical model comprises a blowout preventer stack 1 arranged on the top of the well and a signal receiver 2 arranged on the blowout preventer stack 1, the signal receiver 2 is electrically connected with a data processing system, a bottom hole pressure sensor 3 is arranged at the bottom of the well, a top hole pressure sensor 4 is arranged on the top of the well, the top hole pressure sensor 4 and the bottom hole pressure sensor 3 are both electrically connected with the signal receiver 2, a drill rod 5 is arranged in the blowout preventer stack 1, the drill rod 5 extends downwards into the well, and a drill bit 6 is arranged at the extending end of the drill rod;
s32, transmitting the acquired data to a data processing system through a signal receiver by a wellhead pressure sensor and a bottom hole pressure sensor;
s33, the data processing system carries out cleaning and noise reduction pretreatment on the data;
s34, analyzing the change rule of the shaft pressure in real time by the data processing system, and drawing an actual shaft pressure change curve;
s4, analyzing the theoretical shaft pressure change curve and the actual shaft pressure change curve, and identifying and judging the well killing stage: the method comprises the following steps of analyzing the change rule of the processed shaft pressure data through data analysis software, comparing and analyzing the change rule with the change rule of theoretical shaft pressure data, and judging a well killing stage according to the similarity, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: after actual data are preprocessed, the data are used as a group, the change rule between each group of data and the previous group of data is analyzed along with the well killing, the change rule is compared and analyzed with the change rule of each theoretical well killing stage, and the phase with the highest similarity of the change rules is the actual well killing stage;
s5, as shown in fig. 2, the specific condition for determining the kill-end condition is that the overflow in the shaft is completely pushed back to the formation and the hydrostatic column pressure in the shaft meets the well control requirement, which specifically includes the following steps:
s51, judging whether the pushing back stage of the overflow is completed according to the step S4, wherein the overflow comprises gas and gas-liquid two-phase flow;
s52, judging whether the hydrostatic column pressure meets well control requirements at the moment, namely the hydrostatic column pressure in the shaft balances the formation pressure and is added with safe pressure of 3-5 MPa;
and S53, if the two conditions are met, ending the well killing.
The method comprises the steps of theoretically calculating the wellbore pressure in each stage of the well killing to obtain the variation rule of the wellbore pressure in each stage, comparing the variation rule of actual measurement data of the well killing with the variation rule of the wellbore pressure in the theoretical well killing stage to obtain the actual well killing stage, judging the fluid composition in the wellbore and the hydrostatic column pressure based on the reservoir protection thought, providing a straight push method well killing ending condition judgment flow, and reducing the risk of polluting the reservoir. The invention provides guarantee for the safety of the shaft and the stratum in the well killing process by accurately mastering the well killing process, thereby providing theoretical guidance for the implementation of well killing operation.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of this invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed herein and that various other combinations, modifications, and environments may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the concept as disclosed herein, either as described above or as apparent to those skilled in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for judging well killing stage and ending condition by a direct pushing method is characterized by comprising the following steps: it comprises the following steps:
s1, logging well shut-in data and stratum and fluid physical property parameters after well shut-in through geological logging data and adjacent well data;
s2, processing the data and parameters in the S1 and drawing a theoretical wellbore pressure change curve;
s3, processing the data acquired by the wellhead pressure sensor and the bottom pressure sensor and drawing an actual shaft pressure change curve;
s4, analyzing a theoretical shaft pressure change curve and an actual shaft pressure change curve, and identifying and judging a well killing stage;
s5, judging well killing end conditions: the concrete conditions for judging the well killing end condition are that the overflow in the shaft is completely pushed back to the stratum and the hydrostatic column pressure in the shaft meets the well control requirement, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s51, judging whether the pushing back stage of the overflow is completed according to the step S4, wherein the overflow comprises gas and gas-liquid two-phase flow;
s52, judging whether the hydrostatic column pressure meets well control requirements at the moment, namely the hydrostatic column pressure in the shaft balances the formation pressure and is added with safe pressure of 3-5 MPa;
s53, if the two conditions are met, the well killing can be finished;
the step S2 includes the following sub-steps:
s21, calculating the well killing discharge capacity and the well killing fluid density;
s22, determining the pressure composition relation in the well bore in the well killing process;
s23, calculating the pressure of the gas column;
and S24, drawing a wellbore pressure change rule in a kill-job stage and analyzing a theoretical kill-job curve.
2. The method for determining the stage and the end condition of the straight-pushing well killing method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step S3 includes the following sub-steps:
s31, transmitting the acquired data to a data processing system through a signal receiver by a wellhead pressure sensor and a bottom hole pressure sensor;
s32, the data processing system carries out cleaning and noise reduction pretreatment on the data;
and S33, analyzing the change rule of the shaft pressure in real time by the data processing system, and drawing an actual shaft pressure change curve.
3. The method for determining the stage and the end condition of the straight-pushing well killing method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the step S4, judging the well killing stage according to the similarity.
4. The method for judging the stage and the end condition of the straight-pushing well killing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the concrete conditions for judging the well killing end condition in the step S5 are that the overflow in the shaft is completely pushed back to the stratum and the hydrostatic column pressure in the shaft meets the well control requirement.
5. The method for determining the stage and the end condition of the straight-pushing well killing method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the formation and fluid property parameters in the step S1 include formation pressure, rock porosity, permeability, pay thickness, gas density, gas viscosity, wellbore size, and formation pressure boundary; the well closing data after the well comprises a well body structure, a drilling tool assembly, well closing casing pressure, well closing vertical pressure, outlet density of drilling fluid, viscosity of drilling fluid, density of drilling fluid, fluid distribution in a shaft and fluid distribution in the shaft.
6. The method for determining the stage and the end condition of the straight-pushing well killing method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: still include the step of kill-job physical model before step S3, kill-job physical model is including setting up in blowout preventer stack (1) of roof, setting up in signal receiver (2) on blowout preventer stack (1), and signal receiver (2) are connected with the data processing system electricity, and the shaft bottom is provided with shaft bottom pressure sensor (3), and the roof is provided with well head pressure sensor (4), and well head pressure sensor (4) and shaft bottom pressure sensor (3) all are connected with signal receiver (2) electricity, be provided with drilling rod (5) in blowout preventer stack (1), drilling rod (5) extend in the well downwards, and extend the end department and install drill bit (6).
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