CN108571319B - Differential pressure type gas invasion and displacement type gas invasion judgment method and device - Google Patents
Differential pressure type gas invasion and displacement type gas invasion judgment method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN108571319B CN108571319B CN201810187366.2A CN201810187366A CN108571319B CN 108571319 B CN108571319 B CN 108571319B CN 201810187366 A CN201810187366 A CN 201810187366A CN 108571319 B CN108571319 B CN 108571319B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a differential pressure type gas invasion and displacement type gas invasion judging method and a device, wherein the method comprises the steps of firstly obtaining actual outlet flow time series data and riser pressure derivative time series data; respectively obtaining standard outlet flow time sequence data and/or standard riser pressure derivative time sequence data under differential pressure gas invasion and displacement gas invasion according to the drilling parameters; and respectively calculating the similarity between the actual outlet flow time series data and/or the riser pressure derivative time series data and the standard outlet flow time series data and/or the standard riser pressure derivative time series data under the differential pressure gas invasion standard and the displacement gas invasion standard, and judging the gas invasion mode according to the similarity. The method can quickly judge the gas invasion type, reduce the drilling risk, and has simple and convenient operation and less equipment requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of annular gas invasion mode judgment in a natural gas drilling process, in particular to a differential pressure type gas invasion and displacement type gas invasion judgment method and device.
Background
With the increase of environmental protection pressure and technological progress, the trend of global energy consumption low-carbon is increasingly obvious, and natural gas as a high-quality, efficient, green and clean low-carbon energy source becomes an important bridge for converting global energy from high carbon to low carbon. In order to meet the requirement of national economic development on clean energy, natural gas development continuously moves to deep complex strata, but the deep complex strata have the characteristics of high temperature, high pressure, narrow density safety window and the like, drilling accidents are complicated and frequent, and the drilling risk is high. Especially when drilling in a deep narrow density window, the phenomenon that natural gas in the stratum invades a well bore often occurs due to improper control of bottom hole pressure. After natural gas invades a shaft, the natural gas rises along the annular space under the action of circulation of drilling fluid and slippage of the gas and expands continuously, so that the bottom hole pressure is reduced, the gas invasion degree is further increased, and blowout is even out of control seriously.
According to the occurrence mechanism and the stratum characteristics, the gas invasion is divided into gas invasion modes such as differential pressure gas invasion, displacement gas invasion, rock debris breaking gas invasion, concentration difference gas invasion and the like, wherein the gas inflow of the rock debris breaking gas invasion and the concentration difference gas invasion is small (generally negligible), the gas inflow of the differential pressure gas invasion and the concentration difference gas invasion is large, and the influence on the drilling safety is large.
The differential pressure gas invasion and the displacement gas invasion have essential difference on the generation mechanism, the processing mode is quite different, the differential pressure gas invasion refers to the process that the bottom hole pressure is less than the formation pressure, the gas in the formation seeps to a shaft from the formation under the action of the differential pressure, and the processing method is to increase the bottom hole pressure under the condition of bottom hole negative pressure difference, so that the bottom hole pressure is balanced with the formation pressure; the displacement gas invasion refers to a process that the gas in the stratum and the drilling fluid in the shaft enter the stratum under the action of density difference, and the formation gas enters the shaft, and the process occurs under the conditions of overbalance and near-equilibrium of the shaft bottom. Although the occurrence mechanism and the processing method are different, the expression forms are approximately the same (such as outlet flow increase, riser pressure reduction and the like), if the data are not deeply analyzed, two gas invasion modes are difficult to distinguish, in addition, the measurement precision of the current domestic drilling site flow and pressure sensor is low, the precision of the acquired measurement data is insufficient, and the identification of the gas invasion mode is difficult.
In the published papers and patents, the judgment method for differential gas invasion and displacement gas invasion is as follows: after the occurrence of gas invasion is monitored, applying back pressure at the wellhead, judging according to the drilling fluid flow at the wellhead after the time of delaying the increase of the back pressure, and if the drilling fluid flow at the wellhead is reduced after the time of delaying the application of the back pressure, determining the gas invasion as differential pressure; if the drilling fluid flow at the wellhead remains unchanged after a late time of applying the back pressure, then the gas invasion is replaced. Although the method can judge differential pressure type gas invasion and displacement type gas invasion, the use condition is limited, the method is only suitable for the pressure control drilling process with the condition of applying back pressure, in addition, the delay time of a deep well is generally several hours, the judgment time is long, and the well control safety requirement of quickly processing the gas invasion cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a differential pressure gas invasion and displacement gas invasion determination method and device, which can determine the gas invasion type in time when gas invasion occurs, and provide technical support for pertinently taking well control measures.
Specifically, the invention relates to a differential pressure gas invasion and displacement gas invasion judgment method, which comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring outlet flow and riser pressure data, and acquiring actual outlet flow time series data and riser pressure derivative time series data;
s2: respectively simulating differential pressure gas invasion and displacement gas invasion processes according to drilling parameters to respectively obtain standard outlet flow time sequence data and/or standard riser pressure derivative time sequence data under the differential pressure gas invasion standard and standard outlet flow time sequence data and/or standard riser pressure derivative time sequence data under the displacement gas invasion standard;
s3: and respectively calculating the similarity between the actual outlet flow time series data and/or the riser pressure derivative time series data and the standard outlet flow time series data and/or the standard riser pressure derivative time series data under the differential pressure gas invasion standard and the displacement gas invasion standard, and judging the gas invasion mode according to the similarity.
Preferably, the similarity calculation method is as follows:
taking outlet flow time series data similarity calculation as an example, X is an outlet flow time series measured by an outlet flow sensor, YI is a differential pressure gas invasion standard outlet flow time series calculated by transient wellbore multiphase flow calculation software of a coupled stratum, and YI is a displacement gas invasion standard outlet flow time series calculated by transient wellbore multiphase flow calculation software of the coupled stratum, wherein the lengths of the displacement gas invasion standard outlet flow time series are n, m1 and m2 respectively;
X＝X1，X2，…，Xi，…，Xn
YI＝YI1，YI2，…，YIj，…，YIm1
YII＝YII1，YII2，…，YIIk，…，YIIm2
the similarity calculation steps of the X sequence and the YI sequence are as follows:
(1) calculating a distance matrix
MT is the distance matrix of the X sequence and the YI sequence, d (X)i,YIj) For two time series data points XiAnd YIjThe value of the distance between:
d(Xi,YIj)＝(Xi-YIj)2
(2) computing a canonical path
For the X sequence and the YI sequence, at least one group of complete corresponding relations exist, so that the accumulated distance value is the minimum, and the minimum accumulated distance is the dynamic time warping distance;
wherein XYI is a cumulative distance matrix for recording the shortest path;
the dynamic time warping distance between the X sequence and the YI sequence is as follows:
similarly, the dynamic time-warping distance of the X sequence to the YII sequence is:
if D isdtw1(X,YI)<Ddtw1(X, YII), which shows that the similarity of the X sequence and the YI sequence is greater than that of the X sequence and the YII sequence, namely that the gas invasion mode is differential pressure gas invasion.
Preferably, in S2, the simulation of the differential pressure gas invasion and displacement gas invasion processes respectively according to the drilling parameters to obtain the standard outlet flow time series data and the standard riser pressure derivative time series data under the differential pressure gas invasion standard, and the specific method of the standard outlet flow time series data and the standard riser pressure derivative time series data under the displacement gas invasion standard comprises:
and respectively simulating differential pressure gas invasion and displacement gas invasion processes by adopting a transient shaft multiphase flow calculation model of a coupling stratum, which is arranged in the current drilling parameter and data analysis server, so as to respectively obtain standard outlet flow time series data and standard riser pressure derivative time series data under the differential pressure gas invasion and the displacement gas invasion.
Further, the transient wellbore multiphase flow calculation model is as follows:
the transient wellbore multiphase flow calculation model of the coupled stratum comprises a continuity equation, a motion equation and a plurality of auxiliary equations:
continuity equation:
equation of motion:
the auxiliary equation comprises gas density calculation, gas deviation coefficient calculation, gas velocity calculation and gas holdup calculation:
gas density calculation formula:
gas deviation coefficient calculation formula:
gas velocity calculation formula: v. ofg＝C0vm+v∞；
Gas holdup calculation formula:
formation gas invasion model:
wherein A is the annular cross-sectional area, m2；ρgIs gas density, kg/m3；EgThe gas holdup is dimensionless; v. ofgIs the gas flow rate, m/s; gamma-shapedgIs a gas source item in a continuity equation, kg/m/s; rholIs the density of the drilling fluid in kg/m3；ElFor retention, El+Eg1, dimensionless; v. oflThe drilling fluid flow rate is m/s; p is pressure, Pa; rhomIs the density of the mixture, pm＝ρlEl+ρgEg，kg/m3；
Is friction pressure drop, Pa/m;
is the liquid column pressure drop, Pa/m; z is a gas deviation coefficient and is dimensionless; r is a molar gas constant of 0.008471MPa m3/(kmol. K); t is the absolute temperature of the gas, K; mgIs the gas relative molecular mass; t isprThe quasi-contrast temperature of the gas refers to the ratio of the absolute working temperature of the gas to the quasi-critical temperature, and is dimensionless; rhoprSimulating the contrast density for the gas without dimension; p is a radical ofprThe quasi-contrast pressure of the gas refers to the ratio of the absolute working pressure of the gas to the quasi-critical pressure, and is dimensionless; c0Is a distribution coefficient, dimensionless, related to flow pattern; v. ofmThe gas-liquid mixing speed is m/s; v. of∞Is the drift velocity, m/s, and flowType correlation; v. ofsgIs the gas apparent velocity, m/s; k is the formation permeability, mD; h (t) depth of drilling reservoir, m; peIs the formation pressure, MPa; pw(t) bottom hole pressure, MPa; t isbBottom hole temperature, K; zbThe deviation coefficient of the gas at the bottom of the well is dimensionless; μ is the gas viscosity, mpa.s; r iseIs the reservoir radius, m; r iswIs the borehole radius, m; phi is porosity,%; c1、C2Is a constant; and g () represents a constant of the displacement gas-cutting bottom hole gas-cutting rate related to the porosity, the permeability and the borehole radius, and the constant has no specific form, and the value can not be theoretically calculated at present and can be obtained through measurement.
Meanwhile, the invention also relates to a differential pressure type gas invasion and displacement type gas invasion judging device which comprises a vertical pipe pressure sensor, an outlet flow sensor, a measuring signal monitoring and processing computer, a data analysis server, an alarm annunciator and a data transmission line;
the vertical pipe pressure sensor is arranged at the drilling fluid inlet and can measure the pressure of the vertical pipe in real time;
the outlet flow sensor is arranged on a wellhead drilling fluid outlet pipeline and can measure the outlet flow of the drilling fluid in real time;
the data transmission line connects the vertical pipe pressure sensor and the outlet flow sensor with the measuring signal monitoring and processing computer to realize data transmission;
the measuring signal monitoring and processing computer can receive the riser pressure and outlet flow data transmitted by the data line in real time; data processing software is arranged in the measuring signal monitoring and processing computer, and can perform primary processing calculation on the received vertical pipe pressure and outlet flow data to generate outlet flow time series data and vertical pipe pressure derivative time series data; the measurement signal monitoring and processing computer is provided with a man-machine interaction interface and built-in graphic drawing software, and can input current drilling parameters and display data and graphics in real time;
the data analysis server is connected with the measurement monitoring processing computer through a data transmission line, and receives outlet flow time sequence data and riser pressure derivative time sequence data which are processed by the measurement monitoring processing computer, and current drilling parameters; the data analysis server is internally provided with a transient wellbore multiphase flow calculation model of a coupling stratum of the coupling stratum, and a gas invasion mode is obtained by performing similarity calculation on measured time sequence data and standard time sequence data obtained by simulation calculation;
and the alarm annunciator receives the judgment result from the data analysis server and gives an alarm according to the gas invasion mode.
Preferably, the differential pressure gas invasion and displacement gas invasion judging device adopts the differential pressure gas invasion and displacement gas invasion judging method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the judgment is quick, and the real-time performance is strong: the existing gas invasion mode judging method needs a late arrival time in a judging period, the late arrival time of a deep well is several hours generally, and the gas invasion is easy to deteriorate due to long judging time.
(2) Simple operation and low operation risk: the existing gas invasion mode judging method needs to apply back pressure after gas invasion occurs, and for stratum drilling with a narrow density window, the application of the back pressure can cause drilling fluid loss, so that the method has a larger operation risk. The method only measures the wellhead data in real time in the early stage of gas invasion, performs calculation analysis on the real-time measured data, does not perform other operations, is simple and convenient to operate, and has lower operation risk.
(3) The equipment requirement is less: the invention does not need to intervene in the drilling process, only analyzes the data generated in the drilling process, adopts the vertical pipe pressure sensor and the outlet flow sensor to acquire the data in real time, and can realize the judgment of the gas invasion mode through the calculation of the measurement monitoring processing computer and the data analysis server.
(4) The application range is wide: the existing gas invasion mode judging method is only suitable for the pressure control drilling process with a back pressure pump, and the method is suitable for all drilling processes which adopt liquid drilling fluid except gas drilling.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a differential pressure gas intrusion and displacement gas intrusion determination apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a timing diagram of outlet flow time series data measured in real time;
FIG. 3 is a timing diagram of real-time measured riser pressure derivative time series data;
FIG. 4 is a timing diagram of standard outlet flow time series data and standard riser pressure derivative time series data under differential pressure gas intrusion;
FIG. 5 is a timing diagram of standard outlet flow time series data and standard riser pressure derivative time series data under displacement gas intrusion.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly understand the technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The schematic structural diagram of the differential pressure type gas invasion and displacement type gas invasion judging device is shown in figure 1, and the differential pressure type gas invasion and displacement type gas invasion judging device comprises a vertical pipe pressure sensor 1, an outlet flow sensor 2, a measuring signal monitoring and processing computer 3, a data analysis server 4, an alarm annunciator 5 and a data transmission line 6.
The vertical pipe pressure sensor 1 is arranged at a drilling fluid inlet and is used for measuring the pressure of the vertical pipe in real time; the outlet flow sensor 2 is arranged on a wellhead drilling fluid outlet pipeline and is used for measuring the outlet flow of the drilling fluid in real time; the data transmission line 6 connects the vertical pipe pressure sensor 1 and the outlet flow sensor 2 with the measuring signal monitoring processing computer 3 to realize data transmission; the measuring signal monitoring and processing computer 3 can receive the riser pressure and outlet flow data transmitted by the data line 6 in real time; the measuring signal monitoring and processing computer 3 is internally provided with data processing software and can carry out primary processing calculation on the received vertical pipe pressure and outlet flow data to generate outlet flow time series data and vertical pipe pressure derivative time series data; the measuring signal monitoring and processing computer 3 is provided with a man-machine interaction interface and built-in graphic drawing software, and can input current drilling parameters and display data and graphics in real time; the data analysis server 4 is connected with the measurement monitoring processing computer 3 through a data transmission line 6 and receives outlet flow time sequence data and riser pressure derivative time sequence data which are processed by the measurement monitoring processing computer 3 and current drilling parameters; the data analysis server 4 is internally provided with transient wellbore multiphase flow simulation software and a similarity calculation model of a coupling stratum, and a gas invasion mode is obtained by performing similarity calculation on time series data obtained by measurement and standard time series data obtained by simulation calculation; and the alarm annunciator 5 receives the judgment result from the data analysis server 4 and gives an alarm according to the gas invasion mode.
The specific method for judging differential pressure type gas invasion and displacement type gas invasion comprises the following steps: when gas invasion occurs, the vertical pipe pressure sensor 1 and the outlet flow sensor 2 measure the vertical pipe pressure and the outlet flow in real time; the measuring signal monitoring and processing computer 3 receives and processes the vertical pipe pressure and the outlet flow signal transmitted by the data transmission line 6 in real time to obtain outlet flow time series data and vertical pipe pressure derivative time series data, and transmits the outlet flow time series data and the vertical pipe pressure derivative time series data to the data analysis server 4 through the data transmission line 6; transient wellbore multiphase flow simulation software of a coupling stratum in the data analysis server 4 simulates differential pressure gas invasion and displacement gas invasion processes respectively by using current drilling parameters to obtain standard outlet flow time series data and standard riser pressure derivative time series data under differential pressure gas invasion and displacement gas invasion respectively. And similarity calculation software built in the data analysis server 4 calculates the similarity between the outlet flow time series data measured in real time and the standard outlet flow time series data and the similarity between the riser pressure derivative time series data measured in real time and the standard riser pressure derivative time series data, judges a gas invasion mode according to the similarity between the real-time measurement time series data and the standard riser pressure derivative time series data, and if the similarity between the real-time measurement time series data and the pressure gas invasion standard time series data is greater than displacement gas invasion, the gas invasion mode is pressure difference gas invasion, and otherwise, the gas invasion mode is displacement gas invasion.
Specifically, the invention relates to a differential pressure gas invasion and displacement gas invasion judgment method, which comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring outlet flow and riser pressure data, and acquiring actual outlet flow time series data and riser pressure derivative time series data;
s2: respectively simulating differential pressure gas invasion and displacement gas invasion processes according to drilling parameters to respectively obtain standard outlet flow time sequence data and/or standard riser pressure derivative time sequence data under the differential pressure gas invasion standard and standard outlet flow time sequence data and/or standard riser pressure derivative time sequence data under the displacement gas invasion standard;
s3: and respectively calculating the similarity between the actual outlet flow time series data and/or the riser pressure derivative time series data and the standard outlet flow time series data and/or the standard riser pressure derivative time series data under the differential pressure gas invasion standard and the displacement gas invasion standard, and judging the gas invasion mode according to the similarity.
Preferably, the similarity calculation method is as follows:
taking outlet flow time series data similarity calculation as an example, X is an outlet flow time series measured by an outlet flow sensor, YI is a differential pressure gas invasion standard outlet flow time series calculated by transient wellbore multiphase flow calculation software of a coupled stratum, and YI is a displacement gas invasion standard outlet flow time series calculated by transient wellbore multiphase flow calculation software of the coupled stratum, wherein the lengths of the displacement gas invasion standard outlet flow time series are n, m1 and m2 respectively;
X＝X1，X2，…，Xi，…，Xn
YI＝YI1，YI2，…，YIj，…，YIm1
YII＝YII1，YII2，…，YIIk，…，YIIm2
the similarity calculation steps of the X sequence and the YI sequence are as follows:
(1) calculating a distance matrix
MT is the distance matrix of the X sequence and the YI sequence, d (X)i,YIj) For two time series data points XiAnd YIjThe value of the distance between:
d(Xi,YIj)＝(Xi-YIj)2
(2) computing a canonical path
For the X sequence and the YI sequence, at least one group of complete corresponding relations exist, so that the accumulated distance value is the minimum, and the minimum accumulated distance is the dynamic time warping distance;
wherein XYI is a cumulative distance matrix for recording the shortest path;
the dynamic time warping distance between the X sequence and the YI sequence is as follows:
similarly, the dynamic time-warping distance of the X sequence to the YII sequence is:
if D isdtw1(X,YI)<Ddtw1(X, YII), which shows that the similarity of the X sequence and the YI sequence is greater than that of the X sequence and the YII sequence, namely that the gas invasion mode is differential pressure gas invasion.
Preferably, in S2, the simulation of the differential pressure gas invasion and displacement gas invasion processes respectively according to the drilling parameters to obtain the standard outlet flow time series data and the standard riser pressure derivative time series data under the differential pressure gas invasion standard, and the specific method of the standard outlet flow time series data and the standard riser pressure derivative time series data under the displacement gas invasion standard comprises:
and respectively simulating differential pressure gas invasion and displacement gas invasion processes by adopting a transient shaft multiphase flow calculation model of a coupling stratum, which is arranged in the current drilling parameter and data analysis server, so as to respectively obtain standard outlet flow time series data and standard riser pressure derivative time series data under the differential pressure gas invasion and the displacement gas invasion.
Further, the transient wellbore multiphase flow calculation model is as follows:
the transient wellbore multiphase flow calculation model of the coupled stratum comprises a continuity equation, a motion equation and a plurality of auxiliary equations:
continuity equation:
equation of motion:
the auxiliary equation comprises gas density calculation, gas deviation coefficient calculation, gas velocity calculation and gas holdup calculation:
gas density calculation formula:
gas deviation coefficient calculation formula:
gas velocity calculation formula: v. ofg＝C0vm+v∞；
Gas holdup calculation formula:
formation gas invasion model:
wherein A is the annular cross-sectional area, m2；ρgIs gas density, kg/m3；EgTo maintain the gas rateNo dimension; v. ofgIs the gas flow rate, m/s; gamma-shapedgIs a gas source item in a continuity equation, kg/m/s; rholIs the density of the drilling fluid in kg/m3；ElFor retention, El+Eg1, dimensionless; v. oflThe drilling fluid flow rate is m/s; p is pressure, Pa; rhomIs the density of the mixture, pm＝ρlEl+ρgEg，kg/m3；
Is friction pressure drop, Pa/m;
is the liquid column pressure drop, Pa/m; z is a gas deviation coefficient and is dimensionless; r is a molar gas constant of 0.008471MPa m3/(kmol. K); t is the absolute temperature of the gas, K; mgIs the gas relative molecular mass; t isprThe quasi-contrast temperature of the gas refers to the ratio of the absolute working temperature of the gas to the quasi-critical temperature, and is dimensionless; rhoprSimulating the contrast density for the gas without dimension; p is a radical ofprThe quasi-contrast pressure of the gas refers to the ratio of the absolute working pressure of the gas to the quasi-critical pressure, and is dimensionless; c0Is a distribution coefficient, dimensionless, related to flow pattern; v. ofmThe gas-liquid mixing speed is m/s; v. of∞M/s, drift velocity, is related to flow pattern; v. ofsgIs the gas apparent velocity, m/s; k is the formation permeability, mD; h (t) depth of drilling reservoir, m; peIs the formation pressure, MPa; pw(t) bottom hole pressure, MPa; t isbBottom hole temperature, K; zbThe deviation coefficient of the gas at the bottom of the well is dimensionless; μ is the gas viscosity, mpa.s; r iseIs the reservoir radius, m; r iswIs the borehole radius, m; phi is porosity,%; c1、C2Is a constant; and g () represents a constant of the displacement gas-cutting bottom hole gas-cutting rate related to the porosity, the permeability and the borehole radius, and the constant has no specific form, and the value can not be theoretically calculated at present and can be obtained through measurement.
To better prove the effect and convenience of the inventionIt is understood that, in the concrete case, the gas invasion is found when a phi 241mm drill bit and a phi 127mm drill rod are drilled to the well depth of 5740m for a well in Xinjiang, wherein the depth under a phi 273mm casing is 4616m, and the density of the drilling fluid is 1.8g/cm3The discharge capacity is 20L/s, the viscosity of drilling fluid is 40mPa.s, the formation pressure is 115MPa, the formation permeability is 10mD, the formation supply radius is 167m, the wellhead temperature is 20 ℃, the ground temperature gradient is 0.02 ℃/m, the thickness of a drilled reservoir is 1m, and the mechanical drilling speed is 3.6 m/h.
And obtaining outlet flow time sequence data and riser pressure derivative time sequence data through real-time measurement of the riser pressure sensor and the outlet flow sensor and processing calculation of the measurement signal monitoring processing computer, wherein fig. 2 is a time sequence diagram of the outlet flow time sequence data measured in real time, and fig. 3 is a time sequence diagram of the riser pressure derivative time sequence data measured in real time.
The well drilling parameters are transmitted to a data analysis server, and simulation calculation is carried out by transient wellbore multiphase flow simulation software coupled with the stratum, so as to obtain a time sequence diagram of the standard outlet flow time series data and the standard riser pressure derivative time series data under differential pressure gas invasion as shown in FIG. 4, and a time sequence diagram of the standard outlet flow time series data and the standard riser pressure derivative time series data under displacement gas invasion as shown in FIG. 5.
Calculating the similarity between the real-time measurement data and the standard data by adopting similarity calculation software in the data analysis server, and obtaining that the dynamic time regular distance between the real-time measured outlet flow time series data and the differential pressure gas invasion standard outlet flow time series data is 7.79, and the dynamic time regular distance between the real-time measured outlet flow time series data and the replacement gas invasion standard outlet flow time series data is 10.678; the dynamic time-warping distance of the real-time measured riser pressure derivative time series data and the pressure differential gas invasion standard riser pressure derivative time series data is 0.018, and the dynamic time-warping distance of the real-time measured riser pressure derivative time series data and the pressure differential gas invasion standard riser pressure derivative time series data is 0.0628. The smaller the dynamic regular distance is, the higher the similarity is, so that the similarity between the real-time measurement data and the differential gas invasion standard data is higher than that of the displacement gas invasion standard data, and therefore, the gas invasion mode is judged to be differential gas invasion. And the alarm annunciator receives the judgment result from the data analysis server and alarms that the gas invasion mode is differential pressure gas invasion.
It should be noted that, for simplicity of description, the above-mentioned embodiments of the method are described as a series of acts or combinations, but those skilled in the art should understand that the present application is not limited by the order of acts described, as some steps may be performed in other orders or simultaneously according to the present application. Further, those skilled in the art should also appreciate that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments and that the acts and elements referred to are not necessarily required in this application.
In the above embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above can be implemented by a computer program, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. The storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a ROM, a RAM, etc.
The above disclosure is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it is therefore to be understood that the invention is not limited by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A differential pressure gas intrusion and displacement gas intrusion determination method, comprising the steps of:
s1: acquiring outlet flow and riser pressure data, and acquiring actual outlet flow time series data and riser pressure derivative time series data;
s2: respectively simulating differential pressure gas invasion and displacement gas invasion processes according to drilling parameters to respectively obtain standard outlet flow time sequence data and/or standard riser pressure derivative time sequence data under the differential pressure gas invasion standard and standard outlet flow time sequence data and/or standard riser pressure derivative time sequence data under the displacement gas invasion standard;
s3: respectively calculating the similarity between the actual outlet flow time series data and/or the riser pressure derivative time series data and the standard outlet flow time series data and/or the standard riser pressure derivative time series data under the differential pressure gas invasion standard and the displacement gas invasion standard, and judging the gas invasion mode according to the similarity, wherein the similarity calculation method comprises the following steps:
taking outlet flow time series data similarity calculation as an example, X is an outlet flow time series measured by an outlet flow sensor, YI is a differential pressure gas invasion standard outlet flow time series calculated by transient wellbore multiphase flow calculation software of a coupled stratum, and YI is a displacement gas invasion standard outlet flow time series calculated by transient wellbore multiphase flow calculation software of the coupled stratum, wherein the lengths of the displacement gas invasion standard outlet flow time series are n, m1 and m2 respectively;
X＝X 1，X 2，…，X i，…，X n
YI＝YI 1，YI 2，…，YI j，…，YI m1
YII＝YII 1，YII 2，…，YII k，…，YII m2
the similarity calculation steps of the X sequence and the YI sequence are as follows:
(1) calculating a distance matrix
MT is the distance matrix of the X-sequence and YI-sequence, d (X i, YI j) is the distance value between two time-series data points X i and YI j:
d(X i,YI j)＝(X i-YI j)2
(2) computing a canonical path
For the X sequence and the YI sequence, at least one group of complete corresponding relations exist, so that the accumulated distance value is the minimum, and the minimum accumulated distance is the dynamic time warping distance;
wherein XYI is a cumulative distance matrix for recording the shortest path;
the dynamic time warping distance between the X sequence and the YI sequence is as follows:
similarly, the dynamic time-warping distance of the X sequence to the YII sequence is:
if D isdtw1(X，YI)<Ddtw1(X, YII), which shows that the similarity of the X sequence and the YI sequence is greater than that of the X sequence and the YII sequence, namely that the gas invasion mode is differential pressure gas invasion.
2. The method for determining differential gas invasion and displacement gas invasion of claim 1, wherein the simulating differential gas invasion and displacement gas invasion processes respectively according to the drilling parameters in S2 to obtain standard outlet flow time series data and standard riser pressure derivative time series data respectively under the differential gas invasion standard, and the method for obtaining standard outlet flow time series data and standard riser pressure derivative time series data under the displacement gas invasion standard comprises:
and respectively simulating differential pressure gas invasion and displacement gas invasion processes by adopting a transient shaft multiphase flow calculation model of a coupling stratum, which is arranged in the current drilling parameter and data analysis server, so as to respectively obtain standard outlet flow time series data and/or standard riser pressure derivative time series data under the differential pressure gas invasion and the displacement gas invasion.
3. The differential gas invasion and displacement gas invasion determination method of claim 2, wherein the transient wellbore multiphase flow calculation model is as follows:
the transient wellbore multiphase flow calculation model of the coupled stratum comprises a continuity equation, a motion equation and a plurality of auxiliary equations:
continuity equation:
equation of motion:
the auxiliary equation comprises gas density calculation, gas deviation coefficient calculation, gas velocity calculation and gas holdup calculation;
gas density calculation formula:
gas deviation coefficient calculation formula:
gas velocity calculation formula: v. ofg＝C0vm+v∞；
Gas holdup calculation formula:
formation gas invasion model:
wherein A is the annular cross-sectional area, m2；ρgIs gas density, kg/m3；EgThe gas holdup is dimensionless; v. ofgIs the gas flow rate, m/s; gamma-shapedgIs a gas source item in a continuity equation, kg/m/s; rholIs the density of the drilling fluid in kg/m3；ElFor retention, El+Eg1, dimensionless; v. oflIs a drilling fluidFlow velocity, m/s; p is pressure, Pa; rhomIs the density of the mixture, pm＝ρlEl+ρgEg，kg/m3；
Is friction pressure drop, Pa/m;
is the liquid column pressure drop, Pa/m; z is a gas deviation coefficient and is dimensionless; r is a molar gas constant of 0.008471MPa m3/(kmol. K); t is the absolute temperature of the gas, K; mgIs the gas relative molecular mass; t isprThe quasi-contrast temperature of the gas refers to the ratio of the absolute working temperature of the gas to the quasi-critical temperature, and is dimensionless; rhoprSimulating the contrast density for the gas without dimension; p is a radical ofprThe quasi-contrast pressure of the gas refers to the ratio of the absolute working pressure of the gas to the quasi-critical pressure, and is dimensionless; c0Is a distribution coefficient, dimensionless, related to flow pattern; v. ofmThe gas-liquid mixing speed is m/s; v. of∞M/s, drift velocity, is related to flow pattern; v. ofsgIs the gas apparent velocity, m/s; k is the formation permeability, mD; h (t) depth of drilling reservoir, m; pe is the formation pressure, MPa; pw (t) is bottom hole pressure, MPa; t isbBottom hole temperature, K; zbThe deviation coefficient of the gas at the bottom of the well is dimensionless; μ is the gas viscosity, mpa.s; r iseIs the reservoir radius, m; r iswIs the borehole radius, m; phi is porosity,%; c1 and C2 are constants.
4. A differential pressure type gas invasion and displacement type gas invasion judging device is characterized by comprising a vertical pipe pressure sensor, an outlet flow sensor, a measuring signal monitoring and processing computer, a data analysis server, an alarm annunciator and a data transmission line;
the vertical pipe pressure sensor is arranged at the drilling fluid inlet and can measure the pressure of the vertical pipe in real time;
the outlet flow sensor is arranged on a wellhead drilling fluid outlet pipeline and can measure the outlet flow of the drilling fluid in real time;
the data transmission line connects the vertical pipe pressure sensor and the outlet flow sensor with the measuring signal monitoring and processing computer to realize data transmission;
the measuring signal monitoring and processing computer can receive the riser pressure and outlet flow data transmitted by the data line in real time; data processing software is arranged in the measuring signal monitoring and processing computer, and can perform primary processing calculation on the received vertical pipe pressure and outlet flow data to generate outlet flow time series data and vertical pipe pressure derivative time series data; the measurement signal monitoring and processing computer is provided with a man-machine interaction interface and built-in graphic drawing software, and can input current drilling parameters and display data and graphics in real time;
the data analysis server is connected with the measurement monitoring processing computer through a data transmission line, and receives outlet flow time sequence data and riser pressure derivative time sequence data which are processed by the measurement monitoring processing computer, and current drilling parameters; the data analysis server is internally provided with a transient wellbore multiphase flow calculation model of a coupling stratum of the coupling stratum, and a gas invasion mode is obtained by performing similarity calculation on outlet flow time series data and riser pressure derivative time series data obtained by measurement and standard outlet flow time series data and riser pressure derivative time series data obtained by simulation calculation;
and the alarm annunciator receives the judgment result from the data analysis server and gives an alarm according to the gas invasion mode.
5. The differential gas intrusion and displacement gas intrusion determination device according to claim 4, wherein the differential gas intrusion and displacement gas intrusion determination device employs the differential gas intrusion and displacement gas intrusion determination method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
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