CN111119864B - Overflow monitoring method and system based on gas invasion pressure characteristics - Google Patents
Overflow monitoring method and system based on gas invasion pressure characteristics Download PDFInfo
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- CN111119864B CN111119864B CN201811293751.1A CN201811293751A CN111119864B CN 111119864 B CN111119864 B CN 111119864B CN 201811293751 A CN201811293751 A CN 201811293751A CN 111119864 B CN111119864 B CN 111119864B
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Abstract
The invention provides an overflow monitoring method based on gas intrusion pressure characteristics, which comprises the following steps: collecting pressure values of different positions on a shaft, and obtaining original pressure data of each pressure collecting position; calculating a pressure derivative according to the original pressure data to obtain real-time pressure derivative data; analyzing the original pressure data and the real-time pressure derivative data, and determining the moment of overflow and the position of overflow; and calculating the accumulated overflow volume according to the moment of overflow, the position of overflow, and the volume flow data of the shaft outlet and the inlet, and judging whether overflow early warning is required to be sent according to the accumulated overflow volume. The invention can meet the early monitoring requirement of gas invasion overflow of deep wells, ultra-deep wells and complex stratum. Is not affected by stratum, well depth and other parameters; the real-time overflow volume is accurately measured, and is not influenced by ambient temperature, pressure and the like; the method is easy to realize, has obvious monitoring effect and can meet the monitoring requirement of the overflow of the complex deep well.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of petroleum drilling, in particular to an overflow monitoring method and system based on gas invasion pressure characteristics.
Background
Because the gas has the characteristics of compression and expansion, after the gas invades into the drilling fluid, the volume of the gas is very small due to the pressure of an upper liquid column when the gas invades into the well bottom, the rising speed of the gas is higher and higher along with the circulating upward movement of the drilling fluid, the pressure of the liquid column received by the gas is gradually reduced, the volume of the gas is gradually expanded and increased, and particularly, the expansion of the gas is quickly increased when the gas approaches the ground. In the drilling process, if no effective degassing measures are taken, the gas-immersed drilling fluid is pumped into the well repeatedly, so that the degree of gas invasion of the drilling fluid is more serious, the bottom hole pressure is continuously reduced, and the overflow risk exists.
The existing equipment and monitoring method are difficult to meet the requirement of early monitoring of overflow of a deep well complex stratum. Traditional flow measurement technology is either ground inlet and outlet flow measurement or tank surface liquid level measurement. The whole measuring system is influenced by various factors such as the measurement precision of the flow meter, the installation condition, the measurement principle, the restriction of the actual situation and the like, and the measurement precision is difficult to ensure.
Therefore, the invention provides an overflow monitoring method and system based on gas intrusion pressure characteristics.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an overflow monitoring method based on gas intrusion pressure characteristics, the method comprising the steps of:
collecting pressure values of different positions on a shaft, and obtaining original pressure data of each pressure collecting position;
calculating a pressure derivative according to the original pressure data to obtain real-time pressure derivative data;
analyzing the original pressure data and the real-time pressure derivative data, and determining the moment when overflow occurs and the position where overflow occurs;
and calculating the accumulated overflow volume according to the moment of overflow, the position of overflow, and the volume flow data of the shaft outlet and the inlet, and judging whether overflow early warning is required to be sent according to the accumulated overflow volume.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the step of acquiring pressure values at different locations on the wellbore comprises:
and collecting the pressure values in the drill string and the annular pressure values of different positions of the drill rod, the vertical pipe and the outlet manifold.
According to one embodiment of the invention, after the original pressure data of each pressure acquisition position are obtained, denoising processing is carried out on the original pressure data, abnormal data and error data are removed, and the influence of clutter is prevented.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the pressure derivative is calculated by any one or any of a difference quotient mean, a weighted mean, a unary regression derivative, and a window interval derivative.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the step of analyzing the raw pressure data and the real-time pressure derivative data to determine the moment when and the location where the overflow occurs includes:
comparing the original pressure data and the real-time pressure derivative data at the same position, and dividing the real-time pressure derivative data at the current moment by the original pressure data at the previous moment to obtain a quotient;
and comparing the quotient with a first preset threshold value, and recording the current position and the current moment as the overflow occurrence position and the overflow occurrence moment when the quotient is larger than the first preset threshold value.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the step of calculating the cumulative overflow volume in combination with the moment when the overflow occurs, the location where the overflow occurs, the volume flow data at the well bore outlet and inlet comprises:
after the overflow occurrence time is determined, collecting volume flow data of a shaft outlet and a shaft inlet;
and calculating the difference value of the volume flow data of the inlet of the shaft and the volume flow data of the outlet of the shaft to obtain the accumulated overflow volume.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of determining whether the overflow warning needs to be sent out according to the accumulated overflow volume includes:
and comparing the accumulated overflow volume with a second preset threshold value, and sending out overflow early warning when the accumulated overflow volume is larger than the second preset threshold value.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided an overflow monitoring system based on gas intrusion pressure features, the system comprising:
the pressure sensors are arranged at different positions of the shaft, the vertical pipe and the outlet manifold and are used for collecting pressure values at different positions on the shaft and obtaining original pressure data of each pressure collecting position;
an inlet and outlet flowmeter mounted at the outlet and inlet of the well bore for monitoring volumetric flow data of the well bore outlet and inlet;
and the ground processing system is used for receiving the data of the pressure sensor and the inlet and outlet flowmeter and judging whether overflow early warning is required to be sent out.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the inlet/outlet flow meter includes:
a flow meter disposed at an outlet of the wellbore for monitoring outlet volumetric flow data of the wellbore;
and the pumping counter is arranged at the inlet of the shaft and is used for monitoring inlet volume flow data of the shaft.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the surface processing system is a computer having a monitoring processing module thereon configured to perform the steps of:
calculating a pressure derivative according to the original pressure data to obtain real-time pressure derivative data;
analyzing the original pressure data and the real-time pressure derivative data, and determining the moment when overflow occurs and the position where overflow occurs;
and calculating the accumulated overflow volume according to the moment of overflow, the position of overflow, and the volume flow data of the shaft outlet and the inlet, and judging whether overflow early warning is required to be sent according to the accumulated overflow volume.
The overflow monitoring method and system based on the gas invasion pressure characteristics can meet the early monitoring requirements of gas invasion overflow of deep wells, ultra-deep wells and complex stratum. The overflow is obvious due to the gas invasion pressure and pressure derivative characteristics, and is not influenced by stratum parameters, well depth parameters and the like; the high-precision mass flowmeter is combined to monitor the flow change of the inlet and outlet and the accumulated volume change, and the real-time overflow volume is accurately measured, so that the influence of ambient temperature, pressure and the like is avoided; the method is easy to realize, has obvious monitoring effect and can meet the monitoring requirement of the overflow of the complex deep well.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention, without limitation to the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of an overflow monitoring method based on gas intrusion pressure features according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of an overflow monitoring method based on gas intrusion pressure features according to another embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 shows a graph of pressure derivatives calculated by window interval derivative method in an overflow monitoring method based on gas intrusion pressure features according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 shows a graph of wellbore outlet displacement and wellhead pressure during a gas invasion;
FIG. 5 shows a graph of gas intrusion pressure characteristics and port cumulative volume difference;
FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of an overflow monitoring system based on gas intrusion pressure features according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 shows a graph of wellhead pressure and wellhead pressure derivative in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 shows a graph of outlet displacement and cumulative volume difference between inlet and outlet according to one embodiment of the invention; and
fig. 9 shows a graph of a coke oven offsite gas invasion monitoring result according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The existing equipment and monitoring method are difficult to meet the requirement of early monitoring of overflow of a deep well complex stratum. Traditional flow measurement technology is either ground inlet and outlet flow measurement or tank surface liquid level measurement. The whole measuring system can be influenced by various factors such as measuring precision of the flowmeter, installation conditions, measuring principle, practical condition restriction and the like, and the measuring precision is difficult to ensure. The existing monitoring equipment and method have the following problems:
first, the accuracy of the existing measurement mode is not high. At present, a pump stroke counter is adopted as an inlet, a pump stroke counter is connected to a drilling pump, and the pump displacement is calculated by calculating the volume of each stroke according to the parameters of the pump through the stroke number of the pump stroke metering pump. The method for acquiring the inlet displacement is too ideal in the acquired pump displacement data and cannot reflect the real inlet displacement data. Because the drill pump is affected by the water supply efficiency, a large change in the actual inlet displacement occurs.
And secondly, the outlet adopts a target flowmeter, a circular target plate is coaxially arranged in the center of a measuring tube (meter body), and when fluid impacts the target plate, the target plate is stressed by a force which is in direct proportion to the relation among the flow rate, the density and the stressed area of the target plate. The relation between the output signal and the flow can be obtained by converting the output signal into an electric signal or an air pressure signal through a force converter and outputting the electric signal or the air pressure signal. The target flowmeter has simple structure, but the installation requirement condition is higher, and the frequent faults in use are zero drift, fullness inaccuracy, loosening of target pieces, lever bending, loosening of internal parts and the like.
In addition, the monitoring of the liquid level of the mud tank adopts manual sitting sentry or ultrasonic monitoring to monitor the change of the liquid level of the mud tank to monitor whether the leakage occurs. The monitoring method is influenced by the volume of the mud tank, the site and other factors, and the accuracy is difficult to ensure.
Second, existing measurement methods reflect hysteresis. The traditional measurement mode is a ground measurement device and method, when a deep well complex stratum is drilled, the stratum condition and the well depth influence, the change of gas invasion and replacement rules is complex, and the characteristic of gas initial invasion into a shaft is difficult to reflect on the ground. When the surface equipment monitors that an overflow has occurred, it is often already very severe and difficult to control. Even a blowout fire occurs, which brings great threat to lives and properties of operators and becomes an extremely serious operation accident.
The novel monitoring analysis method is provided for researching and analyzing the gas invasion overflow monitoring characteristics, solves the problems of inaccurate monitoring, late overflow discovery time and the like of the existing gas invasion overflow, realizes early warning of the gas invasion overflow, and provides guarantee for well control safety operation. Thus, FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of an overflow monitoring method based on gas intrusion pressure features according to an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, in step S101, pressure values at different locations on the wellbore are acquired, and raw pressure data for each pressure acquisition location is obtained. In one embodiment, the pressure values in the drill string, and the annulus pressure values at different locations of the drill pipe, riser and outlet manifold are collected.
According to one embodiment of the invention, after the original pressure data of each pressure acquisition position are obtained, denoising processing is carried out on the original pressure data, abnormal data and error data are removed, and the influence of clutter is prevented.
Then, in step S102, a pressure derivative is calculated from the raw pressure data, resulting in real-time pressure derivative data. In one embodiment, the pressure derivative is calculated by any one or any of a difference quotient average, a weighted average, a unary regression derivative, and a window interval derivative.
Next, in step S103, the raw pressure data and the real-time pressure derivative data are analyzed to determine the timing at which the overflow occurs and the position at which the overflow occurs. In one embodiment, the raw pressure data and the real-time pressure derivative data at the same location are compared, and the quotient is obtained by dividing the real-time pressure derivative data at the current time by the raw pressure data at the previous time. Comparing the quotient with a first preset threshold, and recording the current position and the current moment as the overflow occurrence position and the overflow occurrence moment when the quotient is larger than the first preset threshold. According to one embodiment of the invention, the first preset threshold may be set to 3.
Finally, in step S104, the cumulative overflow volume is calculated by combining the time when overflow occurs, the position where overflow occurs, and the volume flow data of the well bore outlet and inlet, and whether overflow warning is required to be sent is determined according to the cumulative overflow volume. In one embodiment, after a determined moment of overflow occurs, volumetric flow data of the wellbore outlet and the wellbore inlet is collected. And calculating the difference value of the volume flow data of the shaft inlet and the volume flow data of the shaft outlet to obtain the accumulated overflow volume. According to one embodiment of the invention, after the accumulated overflow volume is calculated, the accumulated overflow volume is compared with a second preset threshold value, and when the accumulated overflow volume is larger than the second preset threshold value, overflow early warning is sent out. According to one embodiment of the invention, the second preset threshold may be set to 300L.
FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of an overflow monitoring method based on gas intrusion pressure features according to another embodiment of the invention.
The invention provides an overflow monitoring method based on gas invasion pressure characteristics, which can realize early monitoring and early warning of gas invasion overflow, give out overflow occurrence time, position and volume and provide technical parameters for well control and well control operation. The implementation method is as shown in fig. 2: firstly, collecting pressures at different positions, obtaining original pressure data and processing the original pressure data. Wherein the pressure acquisition location comprises a well bottom, and a well head. Pressure sensors are arranged at different positions of the drill rod, the vertical pipe and the outlet manifold, the pressure in the drill string and the annular pressure at the positions are measured, and underground pressure data are uploaded to the ground through intelligent drill rods or mud pulses. After the pressure data are collected, the data can be processed, and abnormal data and error data can be removed. The processing method comprises filtering processing and smoothing processing.
Then, the pressure derivative calculation is performed on the processed data, and pressure derivative data which changes in real time are obtained in time. The pressure derivative is the rate of pressure change and is defined as
After determining the raw pressure data, the pressure derivative may be calculated numerically, and the pressure derivative may be calculated by a number of methods, several of which are given below.
The difference quotient average method is that the difference quotient average value of two adjacent time differences is used as the pressure derivative of the corresponding pressure, and the calculation formula is as follows:
the weighted average method is an improvement of the difference quotient average method, and the adjacent time differences are treated as weighting coefficients, so that pressure data with time interval change can be processed to obtain pressure derivatives. The calculation formula is as follows:
the unitary regression derivative method is to sequentially obtain N points (N is not too large) from one end of the pressure data curve, the N points can be approximately regarded as a small straight line segment, the linear regression method can be adopted to easily obtain the slope value of the straight line, the slope of the straight line segment can be approximately used as the derivative value of the pressure data corresponding to the midpoint of the straight line segment according to the principle of the differential method, and the process is repeated from one end to the other end of the pressure data curve, so that the derivative curve of the curve can be conveniently and rapidly obtained by a computer.
Let t be the time and P be the pressure at the corresponding time, then the unitary linear regression equation for slope through N points is:
according to the window interval derivation method, firstly, a data window is reasonably determined according to the change range of data (mainly referred to as an independent variable delta t), the window has a certain width, a pressure data curve is screened by the window in the form of discrete data, a plurality of data falling into the window each time can be approximately regarded as two straight line segments by taking the center of the window as a reference, the slope weighted average value of the two straight line segments can be used as the derivative value of the window reference point, and the derivative curve of the data curve can be obtained by sequentially repeating the processes from left to right (as shown in fig. 3).
FIG. 3 shows a graph of pressure derivatives calculated by window interval derivative method in an overflow monitoring method based on gas intrusion pressure features according to an embodiment of the invention. There are several different algorithms for calculating the slope of the straight line segment in the window, among which there are two kinds of representative algorithms, the first is to calculate the slope from the difference quotient of the two end points of the straight line segment; the second is to find the slope from a unitary linear regression.
Next, the raw pressure data and the real-time pressure derivative data are analyzed to determine the moment and position of occurrence of flooding. The pressure derivative is mainly used for judging the oil reservoir property, estimating the productivity and the like through the bottom hole pressure detection and the change of the pressure along with time. The derivative is more reflective of the change in a variable.
In one embodiment, the bottom hole pressure is kept constant in real time in a pressure control drilling mode, a wellhead is closed by a rotary control head, and drilling fluid enters a circulation tank through a choke manifold and an outlet mass flowmeter when returning. When gas flooding begins to invade the wellbore, the bottom hole pressure is increased in the pressure control mode to maintain the bottom hole pressure unchanged, and the gas flooding pressure in the wellbore rises, so that the wellbore pressure change is characterized by the rise.
For complex stratum conditions such as deep well, ultra-deep well, high pressure, low permeability and the like, the gas invasion starting moment is not obvious, the outlet discharge capacity and the pressure change are not obvious, and the overflow state is difficult to judge (as shown in fig. 4). Figure 4 shows a graph of wellbore outlet displacement and wellhead pressure during gas invasion.
But the pressure derivative change is more sensitive, and the abrupt change of the pressure derivative curve can be used as the judging characteristic of the gas invasion overflow. The moment when the gas invasion occurs in the pressure control drilling process, the moment change of the outlet flow is caused by the inflow of stratum fluid into the well bore, and the moment change of the pressure is caused. When deltat is set to be close to 0 in a normal drilling state, the bottom hole pressure and the wellhead pressure at the previous moment are selected as initial pressures, and the mechanical drilling speed is set to be close to 0; meanwhile, the flow change delta Q in the normal drilling process is approximately equal to 0, so that the pressure in the normal drilling process of the pressure control drilling is characterized in that:
when gas invasion occurs in the well, fluid instantaneously invades a shaft delta Q >0, a throttle valve is arranged at a well mouth, the opening of the throttle valve is unchanged, no factor is instantaneously increased in the moment, and the derivative of the throttle valve is >0; there is also a trend for the bottom hole pressure to increase, mainly due to the increase in annulus pressure drop caused by the increase in casing pressure and flow. The pressure characteristics of the pressure-controlled drilling gas invasion are thus:
based on the analysis of the pressure characteristics of the gas invasion, the pressure derivative curve can suddenly jump, the jump value can be more than 3 times of the normal value, and according to the jump characteristics, the accurate flowmeter can be used for early overflow monitoring in the well hole (as shown in fig. 5) in combination with other conventional factors such as mud pit gain, pump pressure and certain conditions. FIG. 5 shows a graph of gas intrusion pressure characteristics and cumulative inlet and outlet volume differences. From the figure, the accumulated volume difference of the inlet and the outlet can be used for judging the overflow time together with the pressure derivative, so that the judgment accuracy is enhanced.
And finally, integrating the flow monitoring of the inlet and outlet, accumulating the overflow volume and sending out early warning. And (3) monitoring the outlet flow by adopting a high-precision mass flowmeter according to the moment of overflow, performing pumping calculation by adopting a pumping counter at the inlet, and calculating the inlet displacement according to the drilling pump parameters. Accordingly, the inlet/outlet volume difference is accumulated, and when the volume difference exceeds a preset volume difference limit (for example, 300L), overflow warning is sent out.
FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of an overflow monitoring system based on gas intrusion pressure features according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 6, the system includes a pressure sensor 601, an inlet and outlet flow meter 602, and a surface treatment system 603.
The pressure sensor 601 is installed at different positions of the shaft, the vertical pipe and the outlet manifold, and is used for collecting pressure values at different positions on the shaft and obtaining original pressure data of each pressure collecting position. The pressure data may include, among other things, the pressure in the drill string and the annulus pressure at which the pressure sensor is located.
An inlet and outlet flow meter 602 is mounted at the outlet and inlet of the wellbore for monitoring volumetric flow data at the outlet and inlet of the wellbore. The inlet/outlet flow meter includes a flow meter and a pump flush counter. The flowmeter is arranged at the outlet of the shaft and used for monitoring the outlet volume flow data of the shaft. A pump down counter is disposed at an inlet of the wellbore for monitoring inlet volumetric flow data of the wellbore.
The ground processing system 603 receives data from the pressure sensor and the inlet/outlet flowmeter, and is used for judging whether overflow warning needs to be sent out. In practice, the ground handling system may use a computer. The system also comprises a monitoring processing module, wherein the monitoring processing module can be an overflow monitoring program in practical application. The overflow monitoring program may be configured to perform the steps of:
calculating a pressure derivative according to the original pressure data to obtain real-time pressure derivative data;
analyzing the original pressure data and the real-time pressure derivative data, and determining the moment of overflow and the position of overflow;
and calculating the accumulated overflow volume according to the moment of overflow, the position of overflow, and the volume flow data of the shaft outlet and the inlet, and judging whether overflow early warning is required to be sent according to the accumulated overflow volume.
In one embodiment, the well depth of a test well is 740m, the drilling fluid discharge capacity is 30L/s, and the drilling fluid density is 1.45g/cm 3 The cyclic displacement is about 30L/s. Injection downhole by additional parasitic tubing 0.28m 3 The gas injection time was 15:56:39, thus simulating gas invasion into the wellbore. The implementation process of gas invasion overflow monitoring comprises the following steps:
firstly, an operation program in a surface treatment system is configured according to the method shown in fig. 1, a core calculation module for pressure derivative, accumulated volume difference and the like is written, and an overflow monitoring program is formed by combining other drilling parameters.
Then, a vertical pressure sensor, a casing pressure sensor, a downhole PWD, a drilling inlet flow meter, an outlet flow meter, etc. sensor devices are installed at the drilling site, and an overflow monitoring program is run.
And then, collecting pressure data in real time, calculating pressure derivatives in real time, and drawing a pressure change curve and a pressure derivative change curve. The overflow occurrence time is determined according to the sudden jump characteristic of the pressure derivative, which is generally more than 3 times of the normal value.
FIG. 7 shows a graph of wellhead pressure and wellhead pressure derivative in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In this example 0.28m is injected downhole 3 During the gas process, the wellhead pressure changes but is not obvious; the sudden change of the pressure derivative of the wellhead is obvious, so that the gas invasion can be judged to start to happen, and the time for injecting the gas at the bottom of the well is consistent.
And finally, collecting inlet and outlet displacement data in real time, calculating inlet and outlet displacement difference, and further calculating inlet and outlet accumulated volume change. And drawing outlet and inlet displacement data in real time, drawing a curve according to the real-time accumulated volume data generated by overflow, and sending out early warning when the limit of medium alarm is exceeded.
FIG. 8 shows a graph of outlet displacement versus cumulative volume difference for an inlet and outlet according to one embodiment of the invention. In this example, when the gas overflows, the outlet displacement fluctuates to some extent, but the fluctuation is not obvious and cannot be used as a basis for judging the occurrence of the overflow. The accumulated volume difference of the inlet and the outlet can be used as overflow warning, and when the accumulated volume increases and reaches a set warning limit, for example 300L, an overflow warning is sent out.
In addition, parameters such as the moment of overflow, the volume of overflow, the pressure during overflow, the displacement during overflow and the like can be output, and key data can be provided for subsequent well control operation.
According to another embodiment of the invention, a certain well of the coke page adopts a pressure control drilling technology to carry out two-way drilling, the flow change of an inlet and an outlet is monitored in real time in the drilling process, and the bottom hole pressure is controlled stably. In order to save non-production time, drilling is directly carried out after drilling is finished, the pressure control drilling technology is used for directly drilling and removing post-effect gas, and the bottom hole pressure is calculated in real time through a comprehensive hydraulic calculation model.
Wherein, successful ignition is realized when the drilling is performed while the discharging is performed when the drilling reaches the depth of 1675 m. Drilling displacement at the moment is 50L/s, rotating speed is 68rpm, pumping pressure is 18MPa, drilling time is 8min/m, and drilling fluid density is 1.30g/cm 3 Regulating wellhead pressure to 0.54-0.8 MPa and controlling bottom hole equivalent density to 1.36g/cm 3 . Measurement of Density and flow Meter at 40min outlet from circulation drillingThe displacement change is severe, the total hydrocarbon shows 51.08% (measured after passing through a liquid-gas separator), the ignition is successful, the flame is 1-2m high, and the bottom hole pressure control is stable during the exhaust period.
And in the pressure control drilling process, monitoring the pressure of the wellhead and the derivative change, the inlet and outlet flow change and the accumulated volume change of the wellhead in real time, and performing gas invasion overflow monitoring judgment through micro-flow monitoring and wellhead back pressure time derivative analysis.
Fig. 9 shows a graph of a coke oven offsite gas invasion monitoring result according to another embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 9, when gas enters the well bore, the pressure derivative at the moment 5:31:30 has a momentary increasing trend, the moment of gas entering the well bore is determined to be 5:31:30 by the wellhead back pressure derivative, and meanwhile, the micro-flow monitoring technology is adopted to calculate the underground gas invasion amount, and the total gas invasion amount is 0.6m at this time 3 。
The overflow monitoring method and system based on the gas invasion pressure characteristics can meet the early monitoring requirements of gas invasion overflow of deep wells, ultra-deep wells and complex stratum. The overflow is obvious due to the gas invasion pressure and pressure derivative characteristics, and is not influenced by stratum parameters, well depth parameters and the like; the high-precision mass flowmeter is combined to monitor the flow change of the inlet and outlet and the accumulated volume change, and the real-time overflow volume is accurately measured, so that the influence of ambient temperature, pressure and the like is avoided; the method is easy to realize, has obvious monitoring effect and can meet the monitoring requirement of the overflow of the complex deep well.
It is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are not limited to the specific structures, process steps, or materials disclosed herein, but are intended to extend to equivalents of these features as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the relevant arts. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting.
Reference in the specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrase "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
Although the embodiments of the present invention are disclosed above, the embodiments are only used for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make any modification and variation in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, but the scope of the present disclosure is still subject to the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. An overflow monitoring method based on gas intrusion pressure characteristics, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
collecting pressure values of different positions on a shaft, and obtaining original pressure data of each pressure collecting position;
calculating a pressure derivative according to the original pressure data to obtain real-time pressure derivative data;
analyzing the original pressure data and the real-time pressure derivative data, and determining the moment when overflow occurs and the position where overflow occurs;
calculating the accumulated overflow volume according to the moment of overflow, the position of overflow, the volume flow data of the shaft outlet and the inlet, and judging whether overflow early warning is required to be sent according to the accumulated overflow volume;
the step of analyzing the raw pressure data and the real-time pressure derivative data to determine the moment when and the position where the overflow occurs includes: comparing the original pressure data and the real-time pressure derivative data at the same position, and dividing the real-time pressure derivative data at the current moment by the original pressure data at the previous moment to obtain a quotient; and comparing the quotient with a first preset threshold value, and recording the current position and the current moment as the overflow occurrence position and the overflow occurrence moment when the quotient is larger than the first preset threshold value.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of acquiring pressure values at different locations on the wellbore comprises:
and collecting the pressure values in the drill string and the annular pressure values of different positions of the drill rod, the vertical pipe and the outlet manifold.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein after the raw pressure data of each pressure acquisition position is obtained, denoising processing is performed on the raw pressure data, and abnormal data and erroneous data are removed, so that the influence of clutter is prevented.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressure derivative is calculated by any one or more of a difference quotient average, a weighted average, a unary regression derivative, and a window interval derivative.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of calculating the cumulative overflow volume in combination with the time of occurrence of the overflow, the location of occurrence of the overflow, the volume flow data of the well bore outlet and inlet, comprises:
after the overflow occurrence time is determined, collecting volume flow data of a shaft outlet and a shaft inlet;
and calculating the difference value of the volume flow data of the inlet of the shaft and the volume flow data of the outlet of the shaft to obtain the accumulated overflow volume.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining whether overflow warning is required based on the accumulated overflow volume comprises:
and comparing the accumulated overflow volume with a second preset threshold value, and sending out overflow early warning when the accumulated overflow volume is larger than the second preset threshold value.
7. An overflow monitoring system based on gas intrusion pressure features, characterized in that a method according to any one of claims 1-6 is performed, the system comprising:
the pressure sensors are arranged at different positions of the shaft, the vertical pipe and the outlet manifold and are used for collecting pressure values at different positions on the shaft and obtaining original pressure data of each pressure collecting position;
an inlet and outlet flowmeter mounted at the outlet and inlet of the well bore for monitoring volumetric flow data of the well bore outlet and inlet;
and the ground processing system is used for receiving the data of the pressure sensor and the inlet and outlet flowmeter and judging whether overflow early warning is required to be sent out.
8. The gas-intrusion pressure characterization based overflow monitoring system of claim 7 wherein the inlet and outlet flow meter comprises:
a flow meter disposed at an outlet of the wellbore for monitoring outlet volumetric flow data of the wellbore;
and the pumping counter is arranged at the inlet of the shaft and is used for monitoring inlet volume flow data of the shaft.
9. The gas-intrusion pressure characterization based overflow monitoring system of claim 7 wherein the surface treatment system is a computer having a monitoring treatment module contained thereon configured to perform the steps of:
calculating a pressure derivative according to the original pressure data to obtain real-time pressure derivative data;
analyzing the original pressure data and the real-time pressure derivative data, and determining the moment when overflow occurs and the position where overflow occurs;
and calculating the accumulated overflow volume according to the moment of overflow, the position of overflow, and the volume flow data of the shaft outlet and the inlet, and judging whether overflow early warning is required to be sent according to the accumulated overflow volume.
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| CN111855961B (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2021-10-26 | 中南大学 | Rock mass drilling quality detection method, drilling machine, server and storage medium |
| CN111927439A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-11-13 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Bottom hole pressure control method |
| CN115142836A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2022-10-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method, storage medium and equipment for monitoring formation gas yield |
| CN113669050B (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2023-04-07 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Gas invasion detection device and method for marine riser |
| CN116887211B (en) * | 2023-09-06 | 2023-12-01 | 北京航天华腾科技有限公司 | Low-power consumption system for deep water drilling gas invasion data analysis |
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