CN117211732A - Intelligent well control safety early warning control method - Google Patents
Intelligent well control safety early warning control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117211732A CN117211732A CN202311393901.7A CN202311393901A CN117211732A CN 117211732 A CN117211732 A CN 117211732A CN 202311393901 A CN202311393901 A CN 202311393901A CN 117211732 A CN117211732 A CN 117211732A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]
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Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent well control safety early warning control method, which comprises the steps of monitoring parameter values in a well shaft in real time on site, transmitting the values into a database through a gateway protocol, outputting data in the database to a well control early warning and auxiliary control analysis system for analysis through the gateway protocol, analyzing and judging deviation degree of calculated values and system set values, relating to the technical field of oil and gas well control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas well control, in particular to a smart well control safety early warning control method.
Background
In the oil and gas well drilling process, due to the complexity of geology and the influence of uncertain factors in drilling operation, the change of parameters in a shaft is unknown, if stratum fluid invades the well, the well is not pressed in time to prevent the fluid from continuously invading the shaft, and the continuous invasion of overflows in the shaft can cause the occurrence of kick or blowout, so serious consequences are caused, therefore, the well control technology is one of key and necessary technologies for guaranteeing the drilling safety and plays an extremely important role in the oil and gas field exploration and development.
However, in the case of many failures in the well control in recent years, particularly, the problem of the pressure sensitive reservoir with a smaller pressure safety window is more prominent, which becomes a serious problem to seriously affect the well control safety, and for the pressure sensitive reservoir with a smaller pressure safety window, accurate well control shaft pressure control is required to meet the requirements, but no method for calculating the initial state of the well control and pre-warning overflow is required at present, so that it is necessary to provide an intelligent well control safety pre-warning control method to solve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an intelligent well control safety early warning control method, which solves the problem that the well control safety is seriously influenced by the fact that no method for calculating the initial state of a well control and carrying out overflow early warning exists at present.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: an intelligent well control safety early warning control method comprises the following steps:
step one, monitoring parameter values in a shaft in real time on site;
step two, the numerical value is transmitted into a database through a gateway protocol;
step three, outputting the data in the database to a well control early warning and auxiliary control analysis system for analysis through a gateway protocol, and analyzing and judging the deviation degree of the calculated value and the system set value;
step four, if the calculated value deviation exceeds a system set value to a certain extent, starting early warning well shutting, and if the operator does not adjust, automatically shutting the well, and closing a drilling pump and a wellhead device;
and fifthly, after closing the well, the system starts to calculate and analyze the annular initial state of the well closing shaft.
Preferably, in the first step, the on-site real-time detection parameters include a wellhead casing pressure value, a drilling fluid displacement, a drilling fluid flow rate, a vertical pressure value and a mud pit increment.
Preferably, in the second step, the database writes, outputs and stores the parameter values in the real-time monitoring shaft, and reads the data in the database in the later stage.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the early warning system is divided into three stages, the first stage early warning is that the deviation between the real-time monitoring value in the shaft and the set value of the system is to a certain extent, so that the on-site operator is prompted to operate, if the operator does not operate and adjust, the detected value in the shaft is further deviated, the system enters the second stage early warning, if the deviation of the value is continuously enlarged, the system enters the third stage early warning, and no manual operation is still performed, and the system automatically closes the well.
Preferably, in the fourth step, automatic well closing of the system is controlled by a PLC to close a wellhead device, the wellhead device comprises an anti-overflow pipe, an annular blowout preventer, a single gate plate and a double gate plate, and the anti-overflow pipe, the annular blowout preventer, the single gate plate and the double gate plate are sequentially connected from top to bottom.
Preferably, in the fifth step, the height of the overflow mixed phase section is set by the increment of the slurry pool, the top pressure of the overflow mixed phase section obtained by solving is compared with the sum of the shut-in casing pressure and the pressure of the drilling hydrostatic column at the upper part of the overflow mixed phase section, and if the pressures are not equal, the length of the overflow mixed phase section is adjusted to be calculated again.
Preferably, in the fifth step, the bottom of the mixed phase section of the overflow is calculated from the bottom to the top based on the formation pressure obtained by solving, and the top pressure of each calculated section length is the bottom pressure of the next calculated section length.
Preferably, in the fifth step, if the calculation results are equal, determining the mixed phase section length of the overflow, then continuing the next calculation, and if not, adjusting the mixed phase section length of the overflow, and re-calculating until the condition is satisfied.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a smart well control safety pre-warning control method. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
1. a smart well control safety early warning control method includes the steps of firstly, monitoring values of parameters in a shaft in real time on site, secondly, transmitting the values to a database through a gateway protocol, thirdly, outputting data in the database to a well control early warning and auxiliary control analysis system through the gateway protocol for analysis, judging deviation degree of calculated values and system set values through analysis, fourthly, if the calculated value deviation exceeds the system set values to a certain extent, starting early warning well closing, if an operator does not adjust the system, automatically closing the well, closing a drilling pump and a wellhead device, fifthly, starting calculation and analysis of an annular initial state of the well closing shaft through the system after well closing, detecting the parameters in the shaft during drilling operation, and if the real-time monitoring values such as riser pressure and wellhead sleeve pressure are found to be abnormal, starting early warning through the system, prompting well closing, and calculating the initial state inside the shaft.
2. The intelligent well control safety early warning control method comprises the following steps that in the fourth step, automatic well closing of a system is controlled by a PLC, a wellhead device is controlled to be closed, the wellhead device comprises an anti-overflow pipe, an annular blowout preventer, a single flashboard and a double flashboard, the anti-overflow pipe, the annular blowout preventer, the single flashboard and the double flashboard are sequentially connected from top to bottom, real-time monitoring of various parameter values in a shaft can be achieved in engineering practice, early warning is carried out on overflow, an early warning system is divided into three stages, primary early warning and secondary early warning are mainly used for reminding operators to carry out adjustment operation, if deviation of the real-time monitoring parameter values continues to be enlarged, the system enters the three-stage early warning, if manual operation is still not carried out, the system automatically closes the well, and well flushing or blowout caused by further deterioration of overflow phenomena in an engineering site is prevented.
3. The method comprises the steps of firstly setting the height of an overflow mixed phase section by a slurry pond in an increment mode, comparing the obtained pressure at the top end of the overflow mixed phase section with the sum of the casing pressure of a shut-in well and the pressure of a drilling hydrostatic column at the upper part of the overflow mixed phase section, if the obtained pressure is unequal, adjusting the length of the overflow mixed phase section, calculating again, calculating from the bottom to the top of the overflow mixed phase section by taking the obtained formation pressure as a reference, calculating the top pressure of each calculated section length as the bottom pressure of the next calculated section length, if the calculated results are equal, determining the length of the overflow mixed phase section, continuing the next calculation, if the calculated results are unequal, adjusting the length of the overflow mixed phase section, calculating again from the fourth step until the condition is met, and calculating the initial section length of the overflow mixed phase section in the initial state after the well closing is closer to engineering practice.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the well control early warning and auxiliary control analysis system of the invention for analyzing the annular initial state of the well closing shaft;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a physical model of the well control early warning and auxiliary control analysis system of the present invention for analyzing the initial state of the annulus of a well-closing well bore;
FIG. 4 is a mathematical model diagram of the well control early warning and auxiliary control analysis system of the present invention analyzing the initial state of the well closing shaft annulus;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a wellhead.
In the figure: 1. an anti-overflow pipe; 2. an annular blowout preventer; 3. a single flashboard; 4. double flashboard.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-5, the present invention provides a technical solution: an intelligent well control safety early warning control method comprises the following steps:
step one, monitoring parameter values in a shaft in real time on site;
step two, the numerical value is transmitted into a database through a gateway protocol;
step three, outputting the data in the database to a well control early warning and auxiliary control analysis system for analysis through a gateway protocol, and analyzing and judging the deviation degree of the calculated value and the system set value;
step four, if the calculated value deviation exceeds a system set value to a certain extent, starting early warning well shutting, and if the operator does not adjust, automatically shutting the well, and closing a drilling pump and a wellhead device;
step five, the system starts to calculate and analyze the annular initial state of the well closing shaft after well closing, and the specific calculation method is as follows:
1) Analyzing and calculating formation pressure and well depth temperature:
formation pressure P p ：
P p ＝P d0 +0.00981ρ l H (1)
Well depth temperature T H ：
T H ＝T 0 +T a H (2)
2) Calculating an initial trial height H using a gas column model gas ：
3) Determining the total molar quantity, compression coefficient and fluid temperature of the overflow mixed phase section gas:
according to the principle of conservation of mass and a real gas state equation, an equation about the pressure in the initial state of the well bore annulus and the well depth is obtained:
the total molar quantity of the gas, the gas compression coefficient and the fluid temperature are also needed to be solved.
Solving for total molar mass of gas:
for gas compression coefficient Z H The solution of (c) uses the Dranchuk-Abou-Kassem model (DAK):
solving for fluid temperature:
assuming that the well temperature distribution is a one-dimensional steady-state distribution, the fluid migration velocity within the well bore is relatively slow and the convective heat transfer of the fluid during its flow within the well bore is sufficient, so the well bore fluid temperature may be approximately equivalent to the formation temperature.
4) Meshing the overflow mixed phase section from the bottom of the well:
and performing grid division on a space solution domain of the overflow mixed phase section to be solved, and dividing the overflow mixed phase section into m sections.
5) Solving internal parameters of the overflow mixed phase section:
volume of gas phase V in each section of height gH
Gas density ρ at well depth H gH
Density ρ of mixed phase within the segment height m
ρ m ＝E g ·ρ gH +E l ·ρ l (9)
6) Judging and calculating the position of the mixed phase section of the overflow:
and judging whether the calculation in the overflow mixed phase section is finished, namely, whether j is equal to m. If the two types of the data are equal, the next step of judgment is carried out; if the two phases are not equal, the fifth step of calculation is continuously repeated until the calculation in the mixed phase section of the overflow is completed.
7) Judging whether calculation in the overflow mixed phase section is finished or not:
i.e. if j is equal to m. If the two types of the data are equal, the next step of judgment is carried out; if not, continuing to repeat the step 5) for calculation until the calculation in the overflow mixed phase section is completed.
8) Judging the top pressure of the overflow mixed phase section:
and judging whether the top pressure of the overflow mixed phase section is equal to the sum of the pressure of the drilling fluid column at the upper part of the overflow mixed phase section and the wellhead closing casing pressure. If the two sections are equal, determining the mixed phase section length of the overflow object, and continuing; if not, adjusting the length of the mixed phase section of the overflow object, and re-calculating from the step 4) until the condition is met.
9) Determining a wellbore pressure profile:
and (3) calculating the well bore pressure of each calculation point position on the basis of the determined mixed phase section length of the overflow object, and determining the well bore pressure distribution condition.
10 Determining the gas compression factor distribution:
from the known wellbore pressure profile and wellbore temperature profile (determined from the known well depth and geothermal gradient).
11 Determining the gas holding rate distribution condition in the mixed phase section of the overflow object:
and on the basis of the well bore pressure distribution, the well bore temperature distribution and the gas compression coefficient distribution, calculating the gas holding rate of each position node in the overflow mixed phase section.
12 Determining the initial state of the well bore annulus after overflow shut-in.
In the first step, the on-site real-time detection parameters comprise a wellhead casing pressure value, a drilling fluid displacement, a drilling fluid flow rate, a vertical pressure value and a slurry pond increment, in the second step, a database writes, outputs and stores parameter values in a real-time monitoring shaft, and later data in the database are read, in the fourth step, an early warning system is divided into three stages, the first stage early warning is that the deviation between the real-time monitoring value in the shaft and a system set value is to a certain extent, so that on-site operators are prompted to operate, if the operators do not operate and adjust, the detected value in the shaft is further deviated, the system enters a second stage early warning, if the deviation of the value continues to expand, the system enters the third stage early warning, and no manual operation is still performed, the system automatically closes the well, in the fourth step, the automatic well closing of the system adopts PLC control to close a wellhead device, the wellhead device comprises an anti-overflow pipe 1, an annular blowout preventer 2, a single flashboard 3 and a double flashboard 4, the overflow preventing pipe 1, the annular blowout preventer 2, the single flashboard 3 and the double flashboard 4 are sequentially connected from top to bottom, in the fifth step, the height of the overflow mixed phase section is set by the increment of a slurry pond, the top pressure of the overflow mixed phase section obtained by solving is compared with the sum of the dead head pressure of the drilling at the upper part of the well closing sleeve pressure and the overflow mixed phase section, if the pressure is not equal, the length of the overflow mixed phase section is regulated to be calculated again, in the fifth step, the step 5) the stratum pressure obtained by solving is taken as a reference, the bottom of the overflow mixed phase section is calculated to the top, the top pressure of each calculated section length is the bottom pressure of the next calculated section length, in the fifth step, if the calculation results are equal, the length of the overflow mixed phase section is determined, the next calculation is continued, if the pressure is not equal, the length of the overflow mixed phase section is regulated, and (3) re-calculating from the step 4) until the condition is met.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A smart well control safety early warning control method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, monitoring parameter values in a shaft in real time on site;
step two, the numerical value is transmitted into a database through a gateway protocol;
step three, outputting the data in the database to a well control early warning and auxiliary control analysis system for analysis through a gateway protocol, and analyzing and judging the deviation degree of the calculated value and the system set value;
step four, if the calculated value deviation exceeds a system set value to a certain extent, starting early warning well shutting, and if the operator does not adjust, automatically shutting the well, and closing a drilling pump and a wellhead device;
and fifthly, after closing the well, the system starts to calculate and analyze the annular initial state of the well closing shaft.
2. The intelligent well control safety precaution control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the on-site real-time detection parameters comprise a wellhead casing pressure value, a drilling fluid displacement, a drilling fluid flow rate, a vertical pressure value and a mud pit increment.
3. The intelligent well control safety precaution control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, the database writes, outputs and stores the parameter values in the real-time monitoring shaft, and reads the data in the database in the later period.
4. The intelligent well control safety precaution control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fourth step, the early warning system is divided into three stages, the first stage early warning is that the deviation between the real-time monitoring value in the shaft and the set value of the system is to a certain extent, the on-site operator is prompted to operate, if the operator does not operate and adjust, the system enters the second stage early warning if the detected value in the shaft is further deviated, if the value deviation is continuously enlarged, the system enters the third stage early warning, and no manual operation is still available, and the system automatically closes the well.
5. The intelligent well control safety precaution control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fourth step, the automatic well closing of the system is controlled by a PLC, a wellhead device is controlled to be closed, the wellhead device comprises an anti-overflow pipe (1), an annular blowout preventer (2), a single flashboard (3) and a double flashboard (4), and the anti-overflow pipe (1), the annular blowout preventer (2), the single flashboard (3) and the double flashboard (4) are sequentially connected from top to bottom.
6. The intelligent well control safety precaution control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fifth step, the height of the overflow mixed phase section is set by the increment of a slurry pond, the top pressure of the overflow mixed phase section obtained by solving is compared with the sum of the shut-in casing pressure and the pressure of a drilling hydrostatic column at the upper part of the overflow mixed phase section, and if the pressure is not equal, the length of the overflow mixed phase section is adjusted to be calculated again.
7. The intelligent well control safety precaution control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the fifth step, the formation pressure obtained by solving is used as a reference, calculation is performed from the bottom to the top of the mixed phase section of the overflow, and the top pressure of each calculated section length is the bottom pressure of the next calculated section length.
8. The intelligent well control safety precaution control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: and in the fifth step, if the calculation results are equal, determining the length of the mixed phase section of the overflow object, continuing the next calculation, and if the calculation results are not equal, adjusting the length of the mixed phase section of the overflow object, and carrying out calculation again until the conditions are met.
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