CN111927439A - Bottom hole pressure control method - Google Patents
Bottom hole pressure control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111927439A CN111927439A CN202010911736.XA CN202010911736A CN111927439A CN 111927439 A CN111927439 A CN 111927439A CN 202010911736 A CN202010911736 A CN 202010911736A CN 111927439 A CN111927439 A CN 111927439A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a bottom hole pressure control method. The method may comprise the steps of: setting a target value Ut and an allowable value delta U of the hydrocarbon content of the well bore; the underground hydrocarbon detection tool monitors whether hydrocarbon exists in a shaft or not, if the hydrocarbon exists, the content Ui of the hydrocarbon is obtained, when Ui is not less than Ut-delta U and not more than Ut + delta U, the current working condition is maintained unchanged, when Ui is more than 0 and not more than Ut-delta U or Ui is more than Ut + delta U, the bottom hole pressure is adjusted until Ut-delta U is not less than Ui and not more than Ut + delta U; if no hydrocarbon is detected, the bottomhole pressure is adjusted until Ut-delta U is less than or equal to Ui and less than or equal to Ut + delta U. The beneficial effects of the invention can include: the amount of the stratum hydrocarbon substances entering the shaft is accurately controlled, so that the natural gas crude oil entering the shaft is controllable, the well control safety is ensured, and the aim of safely drilling is fulfilled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pressure control of a drilling shaft of an oil-gas well, in particular to a bottom hole pressure control method.
Background
At present, in the pressure control drilling process construction process in the drilling field, how to control reasonable casing pressure and bottom hole pressure is not solved effectively all the time, the field operation process mainly depends on the experience accumulated by field engineers, the density is determined according to the bottom hole pressure calculated in the design, the casing pressure is controlled by observing the flame size and the liquid level fluctuation in the construction process, and the casing pressure control is possibly caused to be lower, the flame is very large in the later period, the overflow is serious, and the well control risk is caused; meanwhile, in the pressure-controlled drilling operation of a multi-pressure system, particularly in the development process of high-temperature, high-pressure and high-sulfur oil and gas reservoirs, the control casing pressure is not appropriate due to the more complex geological environment, overflow is easier to occur, the best well control opportunity is often missed, and accidents such as blowout and the like are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to address one or more of the problems in the prior art as set forth above. For example, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method of bottom hole pressure control that may include protecting a producing formation from contamination damage and ensuring that underbalanced drilling operations are safely controlled.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a bottom hole pressure control method. The method may comprise the steps of: setting a wellbore hydrocarbon content target value UtAnd an allowable value Δ U; the underground hydrocarbon detection tool monitors whether hydrocarbon substances exist in the shaft or not, and if the hydrocarbon substances exist, the content U of the hydrocarbon substances is obtainediWhen U is formedt-ΔU≤Ui≤UtWhen the current working condition is kept unchanged at + delta U, and when the current working condition is more than 0 and less than Ui＜Ut- Δ U or Ui＞Ut+ Δ U, the bottom hole pressure is adjusted until Ut-ΔU≤Ui≤Ut+ Δ U; if no hydrocarbon is detected, the bottom hole pressure is adjusted until Ut-ΔU≤Ui≤Ut+ΔU。
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, when 0 < Ui＜Ut- Δ U or Ui＞Ut+ Δ U, the bottomhole pressure is adjusted until Ut-ΔU≤Ui≤UtThe + Δ U may include:
measuring the bottom hole pressure to obtain a measured value P1；
Changing the bottom hole pressure to a value where the bottom hole pressure is greater than the formation pressure and no hydrocarbon is detected in the wellbore, and measuring the bottom hole pressure to obtain a measured value P2；
Continuously adjusting the bottom hole pressure to P3Wherein P is1＜P3＜P2Detecting whether the content of the hydrocarbon substances in the well bore is [ U ]t-ΔU，Ut+ΔU]If so, the working condition is maintained unchanged, and if not,
when the content of the hydrocarbon substance is in (U)tWithin + Δ U, + ∞), the bottom hole pressure P is gradually increased3To PmDetecting the hydrocarbon substances in the shaft after increasing the bottom hole pressure each time until the content of the hydrocarbon substances in the shaft is [ U ]t-ΔU，Ut+ΔU]After the range of (1), the working condition is maintained unchanged, wherein, Pm＜P2M represents a number and m.gtoreq.4, with no specific meaning,
when the content of the hydrocarbon substance is (- ∞, U)tΔ U), successively decreasing the bottom hole pressure P3To PnDetecting the hydrocarbon substances in the shaft after reducing the bottom hole pressure each time until the content of the hydrocarbon substances in the shaft is [ U ]t-ΔU，Ut+ΔU]After the range of (1), the working condition is maintained unchanged, wherein, Pn＞P1N represents a number and n.gtoreq.4, with no specific meaning.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the bottom hole pressure control method may further include the steps of:
and adjusting the bottom hole pressure in real time to ensure that the annular space of the shaft keeps constant hydrocarbon concentration so as to keep the bottom hole pressure in an underbalanced state.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the bottom hole pressure control method may further include the steps of:
and (3) adjusting the bottom hole pressure in real time, and ensuring that the shaft annulus keeps a lower hydrocarbon concentration (the content is 0-0.1%) so as to keep the bottom hole pressure in a near-equilibrium state or a slightly-overbalanced state.
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, said P3＝(P1+P2)/2；
The P ism＝(Pm-1+P2)/2，Pm-1＜Pm＜P2，Pm-1Indicating that the bottom hole pressure is adjusted to PmThe bottom hole pressure of the previous adjustment;
the P isn＝(Pn-1+P1)/2，P1＜Pn＜Pn-1Pn-1 denotes the adjustment of the bottom hole pressure to PnThe previously adjusted bottom hole pressure.
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, when 0 < Ui＜Ut- Δ U or Ui＞Ut+ Δ U, the bottomhole pressure is adjusted until Ut-ΔU≤Ui≤UtThe + Δ U may include:
when 0 < Ui＜UtWhen delta U is detected, reducing the casing pressure at a pressure reduction speed of 0.5-2 Mpa/s, and monitoring the content of hydrocarbon substances in the shaft in real time until the U is detectedt-ΔU≤Ui≤Ut+ΔU；
When U is turnedi＞UtWhen the pressure is more than or equal to delta U, increasing the casing pressure at a pressurizing speed of 0.01-10 Mpa/s, and monitoring the content of hydrocarbon substances in the shaft in real time until the pressure reaches Ut-ΔU≤Ui≤Ut+ΔU。
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, if the presence of hydrocarbons is not monitored, the bottom hole pressure is adjusted until Ut-ΔU≤Ui≤UtThe + Δ U may include:
measuring the bottom hole pressure to obtain a measured value P1 *；
Changing the bottom hole pressure to a bottom hole pressure less than the formation pressure, monitoring the hydrocarbon material in the wellbore, and detecting whether the hydrocarbon material content in the wellbore is [ U ]t-ΔU，Ut+ΔU]If so, the working condition is maintained, otherwise, the bottom hole pressure is measured to obtain a measured value P2 *；
Continuously adjusting the bottom hole pressure to P3 *Wherein P is2 *＜P3 *＜P1 *Detecting whether the content of the hydrocarbon substances in the well bore is [ U ]t-ΔU，Ut+ΔU]If so, the working condition is maintained unchanged,
when in (U)tWithin + Δ U, + ∞), the bottom hole pressure P is gradually increased3 *To Pm *Monitoring the hydrocarbon material in the shaft after increasing the bottom hole pressure until the content of the hydrocarbon material in the shaft is [ U ]t-ΔU，Ut+ΔU]After the range of (1), the working condition is maintained unchanged, wherein, Pm *＜P1 *M represents a number and m.gtoreq.4, with no specific meaning,
when in (0, U)tΔ U), successively decreasing the bottom hole pressure P3 *To Pn *Monitoring the hydrocarbon in the wellbore after each time of bottom hole pressure reduction until the hydrocarbon content in the wellbore is [ U ]t-ΔU，Ut+ΔU]After the range of (1), the working condition is maintained unchanged, wherein, Pn *＞P2 *N represents a number and n.gtoreq.4, with no specific meaning.
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, said P3 *＝(P1 *+P2 *)/2；
The P ism *＝(Pm-1+P1 *)/2，Pm-1 *＜Pm *＜P1 *，Pm-1 *Indicating that the bottom hole pressure is adjusted to Pm *The bottom hole pressure of the previous adjustment;
the P isn *＝(Pn-1 *+P2 *)/2，P2 *＜Pn *＜Pn-1 *，Pn-1*Indicating that the bottom hole pressure is adjusted to Pn *The previously adjusted bottom hole pressure.
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, if the presence of hydrocarbons is not monitored, the bottom hole pressure is adjusted until the hydrocarbon is detectedUntil Ut-delta U is less than or equal to Ui≤UtThe + Δ U may include:
reducing casing pressure at a pressure reduction speed of 0.01-10 Mpa/s, and monitoring the content of hydrocarbon substances in the shaft in real time until the content reaches Ut-ΔU≤Ui≤Ut+ΔU。
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the bottom hole pressure may be increased by increasing the drilling fluid density, by increasing the drilling fluid displacement, or by increasing the wellhead casing pressure.
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the bottom hole pressure may be reduced by reducing the drilling fluid density, by reducing the drilling fluid displacement, and by reducing the wellhead casing pressure.
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the bottom hole pressure may be calculated by a calibrated hydraulics model.
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the formation hydrocarbons may include C1 (hydrocarbons with a carbon number of 1), C2 (hydrocarbons with a carbon number of 2), and C3 (hydrocarbons with a carbon number of 3) (or may include Cn, hydrocarbons with a carbon number of n, where n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 … …).
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention can include:
(1) after stratum hydrocarbon substances enter a shaft in the pressure-controlled drilling process, the amount of the stratum hydrocarbon substances entering the shaft is quickly and accurately controlled by adjusting the bottom hole pressure in time, so that the natural gas crude oil entering the shaft is controllable, the well control safety is ensured, and the aim of safely drilling is fulfilled;
(2) the traditional casing pressure control mode which depends on experience and observes the flame pressure control lag is changed, so that the formation fluid entering the shaft has a certain amount of basis, and the well control is safer.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, the bottom hole pressure control method of the present invention will be described in detail in connection with exemplary embodiments.
The formation pressure remains relatively balanced throughout the formation until the formation is not drilled. During drilling, once the formation is drilled and put into use, the formation pressure equilibrium state may be broken, and if the bottom hole pressure is lower than the formation pressure, the fluid substance (oil or gas or water) in the formation flows to the wellbore under the action of the pressure difference between the formation pressure and the bottom hole pressure, and then the hydrocarbon substance in the formation enters the wellbore. The formation hydrocarbons may include C1 (hydrocarbons with a carbon number of 1), C2 (hydrocarbons with a carbon number of 2), and C3 (hydrocarbons with a carbon number of 3) (or may include Cn, hydrocarbons with a carbon number of n, where n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 … …).
The invention provides a bottom hole pressure control method.
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a target value U for wellbore hydrocarbon content is settAnd an allowable value delta U, then monitoring whether hydrocarbons in the stratum enter a shaft at the bottom of the well in real time in the drilling process through the underground hydrocarbon detection tool, feeding back the detection result to the ground, receiving the signal of the underground hydrocarbon detection tool by the ground signal receiving device, when finding that the hydrocarbons in the stratum enter the shaft, indicating that the bottom pressure is less than the stratum pressure, and obtaining the content U of the hydrocarbons by the underground hydrocarbon detection tool at the momenti(ii) a When no hydrocarbons in the formation are found to enter the wellbore, it is an indication that the bottom hole pressure is greater than the formation pressure.
In this embodiment, the downhole hydrocarbon detection tool may be a tool for detecting whether special gas such as methane, ethane, etc. exists at the bottom of a well during drilling, and may include components such as an infrared light source, a detector, a detection channel, and an interpretation unit, where when fluid in a wellbore passes through the detection channel, the infrared light source emits infrared spectrum to irradiate the drilling fluid, the detector detects the spectrum of the fluid passing through the fluid channel, determines whether hydrocarbon substances in the formation exist, and can obtain the concentration or content of the hydrocarbon substances, and transmits the result to the interpretation unit for analysis and processing, and transmits the interpretation result to the ground through a mud pulse signal, and in addition, data may be transmitted through an electromagnetic wave signal in addition to the mud pulse signal.
In this embodiment, the surface signal receiving device of the mud pulse signal mode may include a pressure sensor on the drilling rig riser and a decoding device for decoding the collected riser pressure fluctuation, and the surface receiving device of the electromagnetic wave signal may include an electromagnetic wave decoding device.
Specifically, when hydrocarbon material in the formation is found to enter the wellbore, the bottom hole pressure is recorded as P1And P is1< formation pressure, at which the hydrocarbon content is recorded as UiAnd U isiGreater than 0, when Ut-ΔU≤Ui≤UtWhen the current working condition is kept unchanged at + delta U, and when the current working condition is more than 0 and less than Ui＜Ut- Δ U or Ui＞Ut+ Δ U, the method may further comprise the step of:
the method comprises the following steps: changing the bottom hole pressure to a value where the bottom hole pressure is greater than the formation pressure and no hydrocarbon is detected in the wellbore, and measuring the bottom hole pressure to obtain a measured value P2。
In this embodiment, the bottom hole pressure may be optionally increased by increasing casing pressure or increasing drilling fluid displacement or increasing drilling fluid density, which may be used directly or indirectly, and devices that implement the methods may be used to change the bottom hole pressure in step two, such as an automatic throttling control system, an automatic throttling manifold/device, or a manual throttling device.
Step two: continuously adjusting the bottom hole pressure to P3Wherein P is3＝(P1+P2)/2，P1＜P3＜P2Detecting whether the content of the hydrocarbon substances in the well bore is [ U ]t-ΔU，Ut+ΔU]If so, the working condition is maintained unchanged, and if not, the following two conditions exist:
when the content of the hydrocarbon substance is in (U)t+ Δ U, + ∞) to increase the bottom hole pressure P3To P4, wherein P4＝(P3+P2) Detecting the content of hydrocarbon material in the well bore if [ Ut-ΔU，Ut+ΔU]Example (A) ofKeeping the working condition unchanged in the enclosure; if not, continue to increase the bottom hole pressure P4To P5Wherein P is5＝(P4+P2) Detecting the content of hydrocarbon material in the well bore if [ Ut-ΔU，Ut+ΔU]Within the range of (1), the working condition is maintained unchanged; if not, continuing to increase the bottom hole pressure to P6、P7… … up to PmDetecting the hydrocarbon content of the wellbore after each increase in bottom hole pressure, wherein Pm-1＜Pm＜P2M represents a number and m.gtoreq.8 without specific meaning, Pm-1Indicating that the bottom hole pressure is adjusted to PmThe previous adjusted bottom hole pressure until the bottom hole pressure is PmAnd the content of hydrocarbon substances in the well bore is [ U ]t-ΔU，Ut+ΔU]In the range of (1), and at this time, the current working condition is maintained unchanged.
When the content of the hydrocarbon substance is (- ∞, U)t- Δ U) of the bottom hole pressure P3To P4Wherein P is4＝(P3+P1) Detecting the content of hydrocarbon material in the well bore if [ Ut-ΔU，Ut+ΔU]Within the range of (1), the working condition is maintained unchanged; if not, continuing to reduce the bottom hole pressure P4To P5In which P is5＝(P4+P1) Detecting the content of hydrocarbon material in the well bore if [ Ut-ΔU，Ut+ΔU]Within the range of (1), the working condition is maintained unchanged; if not, continuing to sequentially reduce the bottom hole pressure to P6、P7… … up to PnDetecting the hydrocarbon content of the wellbore after each reduction in bottom hole pressure, wherein P1＜Pn＜Pn-1Wherein n represents a number and n.gtoreq.8, with no specific meaning, Pn-1Indicating that the bottom hole pressure is adjusted to PnThe previous adjusted bottom hole pressure until the bottom hole pressure is Pn and the hydrocarbon content in the wellbore is [ U ]t-ΔU，Ut+ΔU]In the range of (1), and at this time, the current working condition is maintained unchanged.
In the present embodimentSaid P ism＝(Pm-1+P2) (iii) the Pn＝(Pn-1+P1)/2。
In addition, when the method is used for the first time to find that hydrocarbon substances in the stratum enter the wellbore, the bottom hole pressure at the moment is recorded as P1And P is1< formation pressure, at which the hydrocarbon content is recorded as UiAnd U isiGreater than 0, when Ut-ΔU≤Ui≤UtWhen the current working condition is kept unchanged at + delta U, and when the current working condition is more than 0 and less than Ui＜Ut- Δ U or Ui＞Ut+ Δ U, the method may also include the steps of:
when 0 < Ui＜UtWhen delta U is detected, reducing the casing pressure at a pressure reduction speed of 0.5-2 Mpa/s, and monitoring the content of hydrocarbon substances in the shaft in real time until the U is detectedt-ΔU≤Ui≤Ut+ Δ U, further, the depressurization rate may be 1 Mpa/s;
when U is turnedi＞UtWhen the pressure is more than or equal to delta U, increasing the casing pressure at a pressurizing speed of 0.5-2 Mpa/s, and monitoring the content of hydrocarbon substances in the shaft in real time until the pressure reaches Ut-ΔU≤Ui≤Ut+ Δ U, further, the supercharging speed may be 1 Mpa/s.
Specifically, when no hydrocarbons are found in the formation entering the wellbore, the bottom hole pressure is recorded as P1 *And P is1 *The method may include the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: changing the bottom hole pressure to a bottom hole pressure less than the formation pressure, monitoring the hydrocarbon material in the wellbore, and detecting whether the hydrocarbon material content in the wellbore is [ U ]t-ΔU，Ut+ΔU]If so, the working condition is maintained, otherwise, the bottom hole pressure is measured to obtain a measured value P2 *。
In this embodiment, the bottom hole pressure may be optionally reduced by reducing casing pressure or drilling fluid displacement or drilling fluid density, which may be used directly or indirectly to reduce the bottom hole pressure, and devices that implement the methods may also be used to change the bottom hole pressure in step two, such as an automatic throttle control system, an automatic throttle manifold/device, or a manual throttle device.
Step two: continuously adjusting the bottom hole pressure to P3 *Wherein P is3 *＝(P1 *+P2 *)/2，P2 *＜P3 *＜P1 *Detecting whether the content of the hydrocarbon substances in the well bore is [ U ]t-ΔU，Ut+ΔU]If so, the working condition is maintained unchanged, and if not, the following two conditions exist:
when the content of the hydrocarbon substance is in (U)t+ Δ U, + ∞) to increase the bottom hole pressure P3 *To P4 *Wherein P is4 *＝(P3 *+P1 *) Detecting the content of hydrocarbon material in the well bore if [ Ut-ΔU，Ut+ΔU]Within the range of (1), the working condition is maintained unchanged; if not, continue to increase the bottom hole pressure P4 *To P5 *Wherein P is5 *＝(P4 *+P1 *) Detecting the content of hydrocarbon material in the well bore if [ Ut-ΔU，Ut+ΔU]Within the range of (1), the working condition is maintained unchanged; if not, continuing to sequentially increase the pressure in the wellbore to P6 *、P7 *… … up to Pm *Detecting the hydrocarbon content of the wellbore after each increase in bottom hole pressure, wherein Pm-1 *＜Pm *＜P1 *M represents a number and m.gtoreq.8 without specific meaning, Pm-1 *Indicating that the bottom hole pressure is adjusted to Pm *The previous adjusted bottom hole pressure until the bottom hole pressure is Pm *And the content of hydrocarbon substances in the well bore is [ U ]t-ΔU，Ut+ΔU]In the range of (1), at the moment, the current working condition is maintained unchanged;
when hydrocarbons substanceIn the content of (0, U)t- Δ U) of the bottom hole pressure P3 *To P4 *Wherein P is4 *＝(P3 *+P2 *) Detecting the content of hydrocarbon material in the well bore if [ Ut-ΔU，Ut+ΔU]Within the range of (1), the working condition is maintained unchanged; if not, continuing to reduce the bottom hole pressure P4 *To P5 *Wherein P is5 *＝(P4 *+P2 *) Detecting the content of hydrocarbon material in the well bore if [ Ut-ΔU，Ut+ΔU]Within the range of (1), the working condition is maintained unchanged; if not, continuing to sequentially reduce the pressure in the wellbore to P6 *、P7 *… … up to Pn *Detecting the hydrocarbon content of the wellbore after each reduction in bottom hole pressure, wherein P1 *＜Pn *＜Pn-1 *Wherein n represents a number and n.gtoreq.8, with no specific meaning, Pn-1 *Indicating that the bottom hole pressure is adjusted to Pn *The previous adjusted bottom hole pressure until the bottom hole pressure is Pn *And the content of hydrocarbon substances in the well bore is [ U ]t-ΔU，Ut+ΔU]In the range of (1), and at this time, the current working condition is maintained unchanged.
In this embodiment, P ism *＝(Pm-1+P1 *) (iii) the Pn *＝(Pn-1 *+P2 *)/2。
In the embodiment, the bottom hole pressure can be calculated through the hydraulic model after the verification, and compared with other calculation methods, the method has the advantages of high precision, convenience in use and the like.
Additionally, when no hydrocarbons are found in the formation entering the wellbore, the method may also include the steps of:
reducing the casing pressure at a pressure reduction speed of 0.5-2 Mpa/s, and monitoring the content of hydrocarbon substances in the shaft in real timeUp to Ut-ΔU≤Ui≤Ut+ Δ U, further, the depressurization rate may be 1 MPa/s.
In this embodiment, the bottom hole pressure is adjusted in real time by means of the bottom hole pressure control method, so that the constant hydrocarbon concentration of the well bore annular space is ensured, and the bottom hole pressure can be kept in an underbalanced state.
In this embodiment, the bottom hole pressure is adjusted in real time by means of the bottom hole pressure control method, so that the lower hydrocarbon concentration of the well bore annular space is ensured, and the bottom hole pressure can be kept in a near-equilibrium state or a slight over-equilibrium state.
In summary, the advantages of the bottom hole pressure control method of the present invention may include:
(1) after stratum hydrocarbon substances enter a shaft in the pressure-controlled drilling process, the amount of the stratum hydrocarbon substances entering the shaft is quickly and accurately controlled by adjusting the bottom hole pressure in time, so that the natural gas crude oil entering the shaft is controllable, the well control safety is ensured, and the aim of safely drilling is fulfilled;
(2) the traditional casing pressure control mode which depends on experience and observes the flame pressure control lag is changed, so that the formation fluid entering a shaft has a certain amount of basis, and the well control is safer;
(3) the operation method can protect the production layer from being polluted and damaged and ensure the safety and controllability of the underbalance operation.
Although the present invention has been described above in connection with exemplary embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes may be made to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A bottom hole pressure control method, comprising the steps of:
setting a wellbore hydrocarbon content target value UtAnd an allowable value Δ U;
a downhole hydrocarbon detection tool monitors the presence of hydrocarbon material in the wellbore,
if the hydrocarbon substances are monitored to exist, acquiring the content U of the hydrocarbon substancesiWhen U is formedt-ΔU≤Ui≤UtWhen the current working condition is kept unchanged at + delta U, and when the current working condition is more than 0 and less than Ui＜Ut- Δ U or Ui＞Ut+ Δ U, the bottom hole pressure is adjusted until Ut-ΔU≤Ui≤Ut+ΔU；
If no hydrocarbon is detected, the bottom hole pressure is adjusted until Ut-ΔU≤Ui≤Ut+ΔU。
2. The bottom hole pressure control method of claim 1, wherein when 0 < Ui＜Ut- Δ U or Ui＞Ut+ Δ U, the bottomhole pressure is adjusted until Ut-ΔU≤Ui≤UtThe + Δ U includes:
measuring the bottom hole pressure to obtain a measured value P1；
Changing the bottom hole pressure to a value where the bottom hole pressure is greater than the formation pressure and no hydrocarbon is detected in the wellbore, and measuring the bottom hole pressure to obtain a measured value P2；
Continuously adjusting the bottom hole pressure to P3Wherein P is1＜P3＜P2Detecting whether the content of the hydrocarbon substances in the well bore is [ U ]t-ΔU，Ut+ΔU]If so, the working condition is maintained unchanged, and if not,
when the content of the hydrocarbon substance is in (U)tWithin + Δ U, + ∞), the bottom hole pressure P is gradually increased3To PmDetecting the hydrocarbon substances in the shaft after increasing the bottom hole pressure each time until the content of the hydrocarbon substances in the shaft is [ U ]t-ΔU，Ut+ΔU]After the range of (1), the working condition is maintained unchanged, wherein, Pm＜P2M represents a number and m.gtoreq.4, with no specific meaning,
when the content of the hydrocarbon substance is (- ∞, U)tΔ U), successively decreasing the bottom hole pressure P3To PnDetecting the hydrocarbon substances in the shaft after reducing the bottom hole pressure each time until the content of the hydrocarbon substances in the shaft is [ U ]t-ΔU，Ut+ΔU]After the range of (1), the working condition is maintained unchanged, wherein, Pn＞P1N represents a number and n.gtoreq.4, with no specific meaning.
3. The bottom hole pressure control method as defined in claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
and adjusting the bottom hole pressure in real time to ensure that the annular space of the shaft keeps constant hydrocarbon concentration so as to keep the bottom hole pressure in an underbalanced state.
4. The bottom hole pressure control method as defined in claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
and adjusting the bottom hole pressure in real time to ensure that the annular space of the shaft keeps lower hydrocarbon concentration so as to keep the bottom hole pressure at a near-equilibrium state or a slightly-over-equilibrium state.
5. The managed pressure drilling casing pressure control method of claim 2, wherein P is P3＝(P1+P2)/2；
The P ism＝(Pm-1+P2)/2，Pm-1＜Pm＜P2，Pm-1Indicating that the bottom hole pressure is adjusted to PmThe bottom hole pressure of the previous adjustment;
the P isn＝(Pn-1+P1)/2，P1＜Pn＜Pn-1Pn-1 denotes the adjustment of the bottom hole pressure to PnThe previously adjusted bottom hole pressure.
6. The bottom hole pressure control method of claim 1, wherein when 0 < Ui＜Ut- Δ U or Ui＞Ut+ Δ U, the bottomhole pressure is adjusted until Ut-ΔU≤Ui≤UtThe + Δ U includes:
when 0 < Ui＜UtWhen delta U is below zero, reducing the casing pressure at a pressure reduction speed of 0.5-2 Mpa/s, and monitoring hydrocarbons in the shaft in real timeContent of substances up to Ut-ΔU≤Ui≤Ut+ΔU；
When U is turnedi＞UtWhen the pressure is more than or equal to delta U, increasing the casing pressure at a pressurizing speed of 0.01-10 Mpa/s, and monitoring the content of hydrocarbon substances in the shaft in real time until the pressure reaches Ut-ΔU≤Ui≤Ut+ΔU。
7. The method of claim 1, wherein if the presence of hydrocarbons is not monitored, the bottom hole pressure is adjusted until Ut-ΔU≤Ui≤UtThe + Δ U includes:
measuring the bottom hole pressure to obtain a measured value P1 *；
Changing the bottom hole pressure to a bottom hole pressure less than the formation pressure, monitoring the hydrocarbon material in the wellbore, and detecting whether the hydrocarbon material content in the wellbore is [ U ]t-ΔU，Ut+ΔU]If so, the working condition is maintained, otherwise, the bottom hole pressure is measured to obtain a measured value P2 *；
Continuously adjusting the bottom hole pressure to P3 *Wherein P is2 *＜P3 *＜P1 *Detecting whether the content of the hydrocarbon substances in the well bore is [ U ]t-ΔU，Ut+ΔU]If so, the working condition is maintained unchanged,
when in (U)tWithin + Δ U, + ∞), the bottom hole pressure P is gradually increased3 *To Pm *Monitoring the hydrocarbon material in the shaft after increasing the bottom hole pressure until the content of the hydrocarbon material in the shaft is [ U ]t-ΔU，Ut+ΔU]After the range of (1), the working condition is maintained unchanged, wherein, Pm *＜P1 *M represents a number and m.gtoreq.4, with no specific meaning,
when in (0, U)tΔ U), successively decreasing the bottom hole pressure P3 *To Pn *Each time the bottom hole pressure is reduced, the hydrocarbon material in the well bore is processedMonitoring until the content of hydrocarbon material in the well bore is [ U ]t-ΔU，Ut+ΔU]After the range of (1), the working condition is maintained unchanged, wherein, Pn *＞P2 *N represents a number and n.gtoreq.4, with no specific meaning.
8. The bottom hole pressure control method as defined in claim 7, wherein P is3 *＝(P1 *+P2 *)/2；
The P ism *＝(Pm-1+P1 *)/2，Pm-1 *＜Pm *＜P1 *，Pm-1 *Indicating that the bottom hole pressure is adjusted to Pm *The bottom hole pressure of the previous adjustment;
the P isn *＝(Pn-1 *+P2 *)/2，P2 *＜Pn *＜Pn-1 *，Pn-1*Indicating that the bottom hole pressure is adjusted to Pn *The previously adjusted bottom hole pressure.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein if the presence of hydrocarbons is not monitored, the bottom hole pressure is adjusted until Ut- Δ U ≦ Ui≤UtThe + Δ U includes:
reducing casing pressure at a pressure reduction speed of 0.01-10 Mpa/s, and monitoring the content of hydrocarbon substances in the shaft in real time until the content reaches Ut-ΔU≤Ui≤Ut+ΔU。
10. A method of bottom hole pressure control as claimed in claim 2 or 7, wherein the bottom hole pressure is increased by increasing the drilling fluid density and the bottom hole pressure is increased by increasing the drilling fluid displacement.
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