CN112360433B - Method for arranging monitoring optical fiber in horizontal well - Google Patents

Method for arranging monitoring optical fiber in horizontal well Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112360433B
CN112360433B CN202011255051.0A CN202011255051A CN112360433B CN 112360433 B CN112360433 B CN 112360433B CN 202011255051 A CN202011255051 A CN 202011255051A CN 112360433 B CN112360433 B CN 112360433B
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China
Prior art keywords
coiled tubing
optical fiber
horizontal well
well
distributed
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CN202011255051.0A
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CN112360433A (en
Inventor
向子涛
张国锋
孙文常
张翔
程继刚
魏伟
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Sinopec Jianghan Petroleum Engineering Co ltd Shale Gas Extraction Technology Service Co
Sinopec Oilfield Service Corp
Sinopec Jianghan Petroleum Engineering Co Ltd
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Sinopec Jianghan Petroleum Engineering Co ltd Shale Gas Extraction Technology Service Co
Sinopec Oilfield Service Corp
Sinopec Jianghan Petroleum Engineering Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202011255051.0A priority Critical patent/CN112360433B/en
Publication of CN112360433A publication Critical patent/CN112360433A/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00Survey of boreholes or wells
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B23/00Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing, or removing tools, packers or the like in the boreholes or wells
    • E21B23/01Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing, or removing tools, packers or the like in the boreholes or wells for anchoring the tools or the like
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/12Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for arranging monitoring optical fibers in a horizontal well, wherein the test well is that the optical fibers penetrate through a coiled tubing and are connected with a tool at the lower end of the coiled tubing, after the coiled tubing is lowered to a well bottom appointed position, the tool is anchored on a casing wall through an anchoring mechanism, the designed special releasing mechanism is utilized to separate the coiled tubing from the tool, then the coiled tubing is lifted up, so that the optical fibers in the coiled tubing are uniformly distributed in the horizontal well section, distributed test operation is performed, and finally the optical fibers are cut off to extract an oil outlet pipe, so that the test operation is completed. The invention is widely applied to the distributed optical fiber test of the continuous oil pipe, realizes the measurement by directly contacting the optical fiber with the fluid, and has the characteristics of more sensitive temperature response, higher precision and the like during the measurement.

Description

Method for arranging monitoring optical fiber in horizontal well
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underground detection, in particular to a method for arranging monitoring optical fibers in a horizontal well.
Background
In recent years, the distributed optical fiber test of the coiled tubing realizes getting rid of the test defects caused by the common logging tool, and is well applied to the horizontal well production profile test. The test method is a technology for measuring based on optical Raman scattering by using the optical fiber, can simultaneously obtain time-varying test information, can continuously measure environmental parameters distributed along the optical fiber on the whole length of the optical fiber, and can intuitively represent and analyze the output condition of each section of the horizontal well. The existing continuous oil pipe distributed optical fiber testing process comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of selecting a coiled tubing and an optical fiber, installing the coiled tubing through the optical fiber, testing, installing the coiled tubing and testing pressure, debugging and correcting a data acquisition system, feeding the coiled tubing to a target position, determining a test scheme and related parameters, testing the profile of the optical fiber, acquiring the data, extracting the data, dividing, fitting, correcting, processing the data, analyzing and explaining the data. However, due to the problems of low spatial resolution, too small measurement range, too long response time and the like of the distributed optical fiber test equipment, the optical fiber is built in the coiled tubing, so that the optical fiber cannot directly contact with a reservoir, a test temperature curve is distorted, the temperature of a target layer cannot be truly reflected in real time, the accuracy of an interpretation result of distributed optical fiber test is seriously influenced, and development and production of a later-stage oil field are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for arranging monitoring optical fibers in a horizontal well, which enables the optical fibers in a continuous oil pipe to directly contact with a target layer during continuous oil pipe distributed optical fiber test, and the temperature of the target layer is reacted in real time, so that the production dynamics of an underground hydrocarbon reservoir can be mastered more accurately.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: there is provided a method of arranging a monitoring fiber in a horizontal well, comprising the steps of:
leveling well sites, limiting physical parameters of a coiled tubing and an optical fiber which are suitable for a target horizontal well, and determining working parameters of the limited coiled tubing corresponding to the target horizontal well according to the physical parameters of the limited coiled tubing;
preparing a coiled tubing installed in a target horizontal well and debugging according to the determined physical parameters and working parameters of the coiled tubing;
according to a coiled tubing sand-flushing well-dredging construction scheme, a coiled tubing well-dredging vehicle is utilized to perform sand-flushing well-dredging operation on a target horizontal well;
placing a distributed optical fiber testing tool string in the coiled tubing, and opening the downhole coiled tubing;
determining a test time period according to the self well condition of the target horizontal well and the analysis requirement of test data, and adjusting the wellhead production system after the coiled tubing is run according to the difference degree of wellhead production data before and after the coiled tubing is run;
when the distributed optical fiber testing tool string is lowered to a designated position at the bottom of the coiled tubing, the fluid displacement is increased, and the distributed optical fiber testing tool string is fixedly connected with the casing wall through an anchoring mechanism to be anchored;
directly lifting the continuous oil pipe after the anchoring mechanism finishes anchoring, separating the continuous oil pipe from the distributed optical fiber testing tool string through the releasing mechanism, and lifting the continuous oil pipe to the position above the target layer at a constant speed;
connecting distributed temperature sensing optical fibers in a distributed optical fiber test tool string after the coiled tubing is in place, performing depth correction, and determining the wellhead optical fiber depth;
performing optical fiber production profile tests of horizontal well sections with different production systems according to well conditions, and collecting all optical fiber data fed back to the ground by a distributed temperature sensing optical fiber and a distributed acoustic wave sensing optical fiber in the distributed temperature sensing optical fiber; and extracting, dividing, fitting and correcting all the collected optical fiber data, comprehensively analyzing the effective data obtained after the processing, and drawing and obtaining the output profile of the target horizontal well.
The optical fiber data comprises time, surface flow, temperature, fluid sound wave, energy spectrum and events.
Wherein, the step of determining the working parameters of the defined coiled tubing corresponding to the target horizontal well according to the physical parameters of the defined coiled tubing comprises the following steps:
defining the size of a coiled tubing suitable for the bottom hole temperature and pressure conditions of the target horizontal well according to the information of the well depth of the target horizontal well, the length of a horizontal well section, the running depth, the inner diameter size of a sleeve, the track passing condition and the integrity condition of a shaft, and the length of the coiled tubing and the length of an optical fiber;
simulating a coiled tubing suitable for the bottom temperature and pressure conditions of a target horizontal well to determine the running depth and the self-locking depth of the coiled tubing under the simulation conditions;
determining the size, length, volume, weight and yield strength of the coiled tubing according to the simulation result; before the coiled tubing operation, the qualified pressure test of the wellhead device is ensured, and the setting depth of the bridge plug and perforation section data in the well are confirmed.
The distributed optical fiber testing tool string comprises a drilling plug tool, a fishing tool, a perforating tool, a casing change well and a distributed optical fiber testing tool.
The test data comprise wellhead pressure, coiled tubing operation time, daily production liquid, gas, oil and water related data under the test working system.
Compared with the prior art, the method for testing the well is that the optical fiber passes through the coiled tubing and is connected with the tool at the lower end of the coiled tubing, the tool is anchored on the casing wall through the anchoring mechanism after the coiled tubing is lowered to the appointed position at the bottom of the well, the designed special releasing mechanism is utilized to separate the coiled tubing from the tool, then the coiled tubing is lifted up, the optical fiber in the coiled tubing is uniformly distributed in the horizontal well section, distributed testing operation is carried out, and finally the optical fiber is cut off to extract the oil outlet pipe, so that the testing operation is completed. The invention is widely applied to the distributed optical fiber test of the continuous oil pipe, realizes the measurement by directly contacting the optical fiber with the fluid, and has the characteristics of more sensitive temperature response, higher precision and the like during the measurement.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a method for arranging monitoring fibers in a horizontal well according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for arranging monitoring optical fibers in a horizontal well according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a clearer understanding of technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, a detailed description of embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a method for arranging monitoring optical fibers in a horizontal well, which comprises the following steps:
and flattening the well site, limiting physical parameters of the coiled tubing and the optical fiber which are suitable for the target horizontal well, and determining working parameters of the limited coiled tubing corresponding to the target horizontal well according to the physical parameters of the limited coiled tubing.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, when a well site, a well head and a shaft are prepared, the on-site drilling and plugging liquid is ensured to be sufficient, and the construction requirements of continuous oil pipe water supply, pressure test, continuous oil pipe drilling and grinding bridge plug and shaft cleaning are met. Ensuring that the operation site has the conditions of open flow, test and pollution discharge. Because a large amount of natural gas can be sprayed out of the well in the operation process of the continuous oil pipe, the well site is connected with a blowout flow according to a gas test standard, and the blowout ignition requirement is met.
And preparing the coiled tubing installed in the target horizontal well according to the determined physical parameters and the working parameters of the coiled tubing, and debugging.
When the equipment is installed and debugged, the pump truck is matched with the pump truck group to connect the pump truck, the ground high-pressure filter and the ground pipeline. And (3) the pressure test of the ground pipeline is carried out at 50MPa, the pump pressure is gradually increased during the pressure test, the leakage is found to be immediately stopped, the pressure is relieved and corrected, the pressure is not increased to 50MPa, the pressure is stabilized for 10min, and the pressure drop is smaller than 0.5 MPa.
According to a coiled tubing sand-flushing well-dredging construction scheme, a coiled tubing well-dredging vehicle is utilized to perform sand-flushing well-dredging operation on a target horizontal well;
and placing a distributed optical fiber testing tool string in the coiled tubing, and opening the coiled tubing.
When the monitoring tool is lowered, the production state of the coiled tubing in the well opening process is maintained. When the well is run, the injection head directional control rod is slowly operated to run the oil pipe, the speed of the oil pipe is not more than 5m/min when the oil pipe passes through the blowout preventer and the fracturing wellhead, the running condition of equipment is observed by testing for 50m, and white paint marks are respectively made in front of the counter at the positions of 20m and 50m where the continuous oil pipe runs. The oil pipe is stably lifted and lowered, and the pressurizing is not more than 20kN when meeting resistance. If the phenomenon that the coiled tubing cannot pass through the blocking occurs, the on-site supervision and responsible person is reported in time, if the coiled tubing is blocked before the artificial bottom hole and the blocking position is in the horizontal section, the coiled tubing is lifted up and lowered for 3 times, if the blocking point cannot be passed through, the self-locking is judged, the metal friction reducer is pumped into the coiled tubing from the inside of the oil pipe, the coiled tubing is lifted up for 100m, and the continuous tubing is continuously tried to be lowered down.
Determining a test time period according to the self well condition of the target horizontal well and the analysis requirement of test data, and adjusting the wellhead production system after the coiled tubing is run according to the difference degree of wellhead production data before and after the coiled tubing is run;
when the distributed optical fiber testing tool string is lowered to a designated position at the bottom of the coiled tubing, the fluid displacement is increased, and the distributed optical fiber testing tool string is fixedly connected with the casing wall through an anchoring mechanism to be anchored; the anchoring mechanism is used for anchoring the tool in the casing wall, increasing the fluid displacement after the tool is lowered to the bottom designated position, and fixing the anchoring mechanism in the casing wall for anchoring after the internal and external pressure difference reaches a certain value.
And after the anchoring mechanism finishes anchoring, directly lifting the continuous oil pipe, separating the continuous oil pipe from the distributed optical fiber testing tool string through the releasing mechanism, and lifting the continuous oil pipe to the position above the target layer at a constant speed.
In the method, the optical fiber is cut, the optical fiber oil pipe is pulled out, the axial ring prop is positioned in the cutter barrel when being placed down in the testing process, the operation safety of the optical fiber is ensured, after the optical fiber reaches a designated position, the blocking ball is put in, the pumping pressure is applied, the cutter moves downwards under the action of the fluid pushing force, and the cutter contacts with the inclined plane to cut and release the optical fiber.
When the optical fiber oil pipe is started, the lifting speed of the optical fiber oil pipe is controlled to be within 10m/min on the premise of entering the well deviation by 30 degrees, then the lifting speed is controlled to be within 25m/min, when the tail end of the continuous oil pipe is 100m away from a wellhead, the lifting speed of the continuous oil pipe is reduced to be 10m/min, and the mark on the oil pipe is observed manually; when the tail end of the coiled tubing is 50m away from the wellhead, the lifting speed of the coiled tubing is reduced to 5m/min; when the tail end of the coiled tubing is 20m away from the wellhead, the lifting speed of the coiled tubing is reduced to below 2.5 m/min.
Connecting distributed temperature sensing optical fibers in a distributed optical fiber test tool string after the coiled tubing is in place, performing depth correction, and determining the wellhead optical fiber depth;
performing optical fiber production profile tests of horizontal well sections with different production systems according to well conditions, and collecting all optical fiber data fed back to the ground by a distributed temperature sensing optical fiber and a distributed acoustic wave sensing optical fiber in the distributed temperature sensing optical fiber; and extracting, dividing, fitting and correcting all the collected optical fiber data, comprehensively analyzing the effective data obtained after the processing, and drawing and obtaining the output profile of the target horizontal well.
Based on the differences in the thermal capacities of water, oil and gas, the joule-thomson effect (cooling and warming) produced by skin damage can generally provide reliable information for the type of fluid produced, namely: 1) By qualitative analysis of Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS), fluid conditions and bubble activity are presented and fluid entry/entry is clearly shown; 2) Obtaining the velocity and hold rate/content of the fluid by quantitative analysis of Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) data, by a variety of methods, such as using the doppler effect in high velocity gas wells, or tracking high intensity acoustic events (such as the flow of bubbles) corresponding to the time of occurrence; 3) The Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) and Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) data are analyzed quantitatively and comprehensively to obtain stable flow information for longer than production logging instrument monitoring and more accurate production profile results.
When the distributed optical fiber test is carried out according to different production systems according to well conditions, the photoelectric equipment is checked, the distributed optical fiber is monitored, and the monitoring time is 36 hours. The specific monitoring flow is as follows:
(1) and after the coiled tubing is in place, connecting a DTS, performing depth correction, and determining the wellhead optical fiber depth. And then monitoring the well closing system for 12 hours, and immediately informing the first party of well opening production after the well closing monitoring is finished, and switching the working system every 16 hours.
(2) The first production regime was well-opened for 16 hours.
(3) The second production regime was well-opened for 16 hours.
(4) After 12 hours of well shut-in monitoring, the coiled tubing team is notified to begin the well flow.
The optical fiber data comprises time, surface flow, temperature, fluid sound wave, energy spectrum and events.
Wherein, the step of determining the working parameters of the defined coiled tubing corresponding to the target horizontal well according to the physical parameters of the defined coiled tubing comprises the following steps:
defining the size of a coiled tubing suitable for the bottom hole temperature and pressure conditions of the target horizontal well according to the information of the well depth of the target horizontal well, the length of a horizontal well section, the running depth, the inner diameter size of a sleeve, the track passing condition and the integrity condition of a shaft, and the length of the coiled tubing and the length of an optical fiber;
simulating a coiled tubing suitable for the bottom temperature and pressure conditions of a target horizontal well to determine the running depth and the self-locking depth of the coiled tubing under the simulation conditions;
determining the size, length, volume, weight and yield strength of the coiled tubing according to the simulation result; before the coiled tubing operation, the qualified pressure test of the wellhead device is ensured, and the setting depth of the bridge plug and perforation section data in the well are confirmed.
The distributed optical fiber testing tool string comprises a drilling plug tool, a fishing tool, a perforating tool, a casing change well and a distributed optical fiber testing tool.
The test data comprise wellhead pressure, coiled tubing operation time, daily production liquid, gas, oil and water related data under the test working system.
A specific implementation flow of the method for arranging the monitoring optical fiber in the horizontal well is shown in figure 1 and figure 2 of the accompanying drawings,
the novel process for testing the horizontal well output profile by the coiled tubing optical fiber technology can solve the problems that in the process of testing the horizontal well output profile, the outer diameter of a testing instrument is limited, the instrument is not in place due to poor well condition, the testing tool interferes with the well bottom flow state, the testing time is short, the testing data is discontinuous, the testing precision is inaccurate, and the like, and the factors such as the interference and limitation of the testing result are inaccurate. The method can be used for more accurately acquiring the production profile of each section of the horizontal well test well section and the production contribution of each production layer, and can overcome the problem that the implementation difficulty of the high-inclination horizontal well test production profile is high due to the well diameter limitation of a production oil pipe or a large-drift-diameter bridge plug which is put into a well shaft.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments, which are merely illustrative, and not restrictive, and many forms may be made by those having ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention and the scope of the claims, which are all within the protection of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A method of deploying a monitoring fiber in a horizontal well, comprising the steps of:
leveling well sites, limiting physical parameters of a coiled tubing and an optical fiber which are suitable for a target horizontal well, and determining working parameters of the limited coiled tubing corresponding to the target horizontal well according to the physical parameters of the limited coiled tubing;
preparing a coiled tubing installed in a target horizontal well and debugging according to the determined physical parameters and working parameters of the coiled tubing;
according to a coiled tubing sand-flushing well-dredging construction scheme, a coiled tubing well-dredging vehicle is utilized to perform sand-flushing well-dredging operation on a target horizontal well;
placing a distributed optical fiber testing tool string in the coiled tubing, and opening the downhole coiled tubing;
determining a test time period according to the self well condition of the target horizontal well and the analysis requirement of test data, and adjusting the wellhead production system after the coiled tubing is run according to the difference degree of wellhead production data before and after the coiled tubing is run;
when the distributed optical fiber testing tool string is lowered to a designated position at the bottom of the coiled tubing, the fluid displacement is increased, and the distributed optical fiber testing tool string is fixedly connected with the casing wall through an anchoring mechanism to be anchored;
directly lifting the continuous oil pipe after the anchoring mechanism finishes anchoring, separating the continuous oil pipe from the distributed optical fiber testing tool string through the releasing mechanism, and lifting the continuous oil pipe to the position above the target layer at a constant speed;
connecting distributed temperature sensing optical fibers in a distributed optical fiber test tool string after the coiled tubing is in place, performing depth correction, and determining the wellhead optical fiber depth;
performing optical fiber production profile tests of horizontal well sections with different production systems according to well conditions, and collecting all optical fiber data fed back to the ground by a distributed temperature sensing optical fiber and a distributed acoustic wave sensing optical fiber in the distributed temperature sensing optical fiber; and extracting, dividing, fitting and correcting all the collected optical fiber data, comprehensively analyzing the effective data obtained after the processing, and drawing and obtaining the output profile of the target horizontal well.
2. The method of arranging a monitoring fiber in a horizontal well according to claim 1, wherein the fiber data comprises time, surface flow, temperature, fluid acoustic wave, energy spectrum, and high intensity acoustic events.
3. The method of arranging a monitoring fiber in a horizontal well according to claim 1, wherein in the step of determining the operating parameters of the defined coiled tubing corresponding to the target horizontal well based on the physical parameters of the defined coiled tubing, the method comprises the steps of:
defining the size of a coiled tubing suitable for the bottom hole temperature and pressure conditions of the target horizontal well according to the information of the well depth of the target horizontal well, the length of a horizontal well section, the running depth, the inner diameter size of a sleeve, the track passing condition and the integrity condition of a shaft, and the length of the coiled tubing and the length of an optical fiber;
simulating a coiled tubing suitable for the bottom temperature and pressure conditions of a target horizontal well to determine the running depth and the self-locking depth of the coiled tubing under the simulation conditions;
determining the size, length, volume, weight and yield strength of the coiled tubing according to the simulation result; before the coiled tubing operation, the qualified pressure test of the wellhead device is ensured, and the setting depth of the bridge plug and perforation section data in the well are confirmed.
4. The method of arranging monitoring fibers in a horizontal well according to claim 1, wherein the distributed fiber test tool string comprises a drilling and plugging tool, a fishing tool, a perforating tool, a casing string, and a distributed fiber test tool.
5. The method of arranging monitoring fibers in a horizontal well according to claim 1, wherein the test data comprises wellhead pressure, coiled tubing operation time, daily production fluid, gas, oil, water related data under the test operating regime.
CN202011255051.0A 2020-11-11 2020-11-11 Method for arranging monitoring optical fiber in horizontal well Active CN112360433B (en)

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CN116608929B (en) * 2023-07-21 2023-11-07 新疆斐德莱布能源科技有限公司 Optical fiber monitoring and calibrating experiment device and method based on mine field experiment

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