CN105672997A - Monitoring method for formation leakage of drilling fluid - Google Patents
Monitoring method for formation leakage of drilling fluid Download PDFInfo
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- CN105672997A CN105672997A CN201610161239.6A CN201610161239A CN105672997A CN 105672997 A CN105672997 A CN 105672997A CN 201610161239 A CN201610161239 A CN 201610161239A CN 105672997 A CN105672997 A CN 105672997A
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011158 quantitative evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012224 working solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000916 dilatatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/10—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements
- E21B47/117—Detecting leaks, e.g. from tubing, by pressure testing
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a monitoring method for formation leakage of drilling fluid, and particularly relates to a monitoring method for formation leakage of drilling fluid, which is applied to the field of exploration drilling or exploitation drilling on petroleum and natural gas. The invention provides a monitoring method for formation leakage of drilling fluid, which is capable of performing timely detection and accurate quantitative detection on the formation leakage to effectively lower drilling risk, and the monitoring method comprises the following steps: A, selecting a multi-phase fluid calculation model; B, calculating wellhead standpipe pressure according to the multi-phase fluid calculation model selected in the step A; C, comparing a calculated wellhead standpipe pressure value with a measured wellhead standpipe pressure value; D, adjusting the formation leakage; E, recalculating a wellhead standpipe pressure value according to the adjusted formation leakage; F, repeating the steps D to E until a calculated value is equal to a measured value. Through a change of ground standpipe pressure, calculation and quantitative evaluation on the formation leakage are realized by combining with calculation of wellbore multiphase flow, so that drilling leakage is found in early time, and the drilling risk is effectively lowered.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of drilling fluid formation leakage quantity monitoring method, particularly a kind of exploration drilling being applied to oil and gas or the drilling fluid formation leakage quantity monitoring method of exploitation drilling applications.
Background technology
In the exploration drilling or exploitation drilling process of oil and gas, when bottom pressure is more than strata pressure, drilling fluid can enter stratum under differential pressure action, produces leakage; When bottom pressure is less than strata pressure, the fluid in stratum will enter pit shaft, produces overflow. The performance directly perceived of leakage is the decline of ground drilling flow container liquid level, or well head returns out without drilling fluid, or wellhead drilling fluid returns output less than injection rate. Leakage is a kind of common phenomenon in drilling process, particularly when stressor layer dully, it is easy to produces drilling fluid leakage, and can be divided into permeability loss, slight leakage and severe leakage by wastage classification. Leakage is likely to result in drilling fluid and loss circulation material consumes in a large number, it is also possible to cause the accidents such as well slough, bit freezing, burying and well kick, scrapping of well is possibly even caused if dealt with improperly, cause heavy economic losses, it is noted that avoid in the drilling process of highly effective and safe, once it is noted that take to solve for measure after occurring.
At present, all drilling fluid early stage leakage loss monitoring there is certain research both at home and abroad, for the monitoring that the early stage of different operating modes misses when can realize Holes of Complicated Wells to a certain extent. The monitoring method of conventional leakage is broadly divided into ground and two kinds, down-hole: ground surface monitoring method is based primarily upon mud dilating principle, has simple and practical advantage, but there is hysteresis quality on the time, longer for lag time for horizontal well, deep & ultra-deep well. Underground monitoring method is mainly taked with boring annular pressure monitoring, and relatively ground monitoring is promptly and accurately, but composite request is higher. Current detection means is mainly qualitative evaluation, lack quantitative analysis, which kind of measure formation leakage takes depend on operator's micro-judgment after occurring, lack data supporting, can not take for measure timely and effectively, therefore formation leakage can be carried out detection in time and accurate quantitative analysis detection by prior art but without one, so that engineering staff quickly effectively takes according to formation leakage situation, for measure, effectively to reduce drilling well risk, reduce the drilling fluid formation leakage quantity monitoring method of loss.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide one can carry out detection in time and accurate quantitative analysis detection to formation leakage, so that engineering staff quickly effectively takes according to formation leakage situation, for measure, effectively to reduce drilling well risk, reduce the drilling fluid formation leakage quantity monitoring method of loss.
For solving the drilling fluid formation leakage quantity monitoring method that the above-mentioned technical problem present invention adopts, including following step:
A, according to drilling condition select heterogeneous fluid computation model, if drilling condition is Overbalance Drilling, select SPE20630 model or SPE35676 model, if drilling condition is underbalance mould drilling well, select overall process under-balance drilling wellbore flow model or under balance pressure drilling process stratum spillway discharge or number of dropouts Inversion Calculation model;
B, the heterogeneous fluid model vertical pressure of calculating well head selected according to abovementioned steps, wherein formation leakage amount initial value is set to 0;
C, well head previous step calculated found pressure value and compare with the vertical pressure value of actually measured well head, if the well head calculated founds pressure equal to the vertical pressure value of actually measured well head, then show that wastage is 0, if the well head calculated founds pressure and is not equal to the vertical pressure value of actually measured well head, carry out D step;
If the well head that D calculates founds pressure more than the vertical pressure value of actually measured well head, then strengthen formation leakage amount, if the well head calculated founds pressure less than the vertical pressure value of actually measured well head, then reduce formation leakage amount;
E, the stratum after previous step adjustment is leaked vector bring into heterogeneous fluid model recalculates the vertical pressure value of well head;
F, repetition step E to F are until calculating the vertical pressure value of well head and being worth equal with the vertical pressure of actually measured well head, and the stratum leakage vector corresponding to taking now is that vector value is leaked on the stratum calculating output.
Further, carried out a wastage every 1 minute and calculate, whenIn time, is adjusted to and carried out wastage every 5 seconds and calculate, whenIn time, is adjusted to and carried out wastage every 1 second and calculate, and wherein P is the vertical pressure value before vertical buckling, and P ' be the vertical pressure value after founding buckling.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the application realizes the monitoring of drilling fluid formation leakage amount by the method for vertical pressure early stage inverting well drilling strata dropping amount. The method stands the change of pressure by ground, the calculating to stratum wastage and quantitative assessment is realized in conjunction with calculating of pit shaft multiphase flow, drilling well leakage can be discovered in an early phase, thus taking specific aim measure to carry out later stage process as early as possible, effectively reducing drilling well risk, reducing loss.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the Wellbore Flow system schematic in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the method schematic diagram by vertical pressure early stage inverting well drilling strata dropping amount in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the vertical pressure variation tendency exemplary plot in the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
As in figure 2 it is shown, the drilling fluid formation leakage quantity monitoring method of the present invention, including following step:
A, according to drilling condition select heterogeneous fluid computation model, if drilling condition is Overbalance Drilling, select SPE20630 model or SPE35676 model, if drilling condition is underbalance mould drilling well, select overall process under-balance drilling wellbore flow model or under balance pressure drilling process stratum spillway discharge or number of dropouts Inversion Calculation model;
B, the heterogeneous fluid model vertical pressure of calculating well head selected according to abovementioned steps, wherein formation leakage amount initial value is set to 0;
C, well head previous step calculated found pressure value and compare with the vertical pressure value of actually measured well head, if the well head calculated founds pressure equal to the vertical pressure value of actually measured well head, then show that wastage is 0, if the well head calculated founds pressure and is not equal to the vertical pressure value of actually measured well head, carry out D step;
If the well head that D calculates founds pressure more than the vertical pressure value of actually measured well head, then strengthen formation leakage amount, if the well head calculated founds pressure less than the vertical pressure value of actually measured well head, then reduce formation leakage amount;
E, the stratum after previous step adjustment is leaked vector bring into heterogeneous fluid model recalculates the vertical pressure value of well head;
F, repetition step D to E are until calculating the vertical pressure value of well head and being worth equal with the vertical pressure of actually measured well head, and the stratum leakage vector corresponding to taking now is that vector value is leaked on the stratum calculating output.
When carrying out creeping into operation, it is necessary to first carry out operating mode selection (such as under balance pressure drilling or Overbalance Drilling), the heterogeneous fluid computation model that different operating modes is corresponding different, it is determined that be selected by the model of correspondence after operating mode. The model calculated needs relatively multiparameter, a part directly uses the known parameters (density such as drilling fluid, well depth), another part requires over boundary condition and initial condition is calculated, and the two of most critical parameters are the vertical pressures of actual measurement and calculate vertical pressure, the former can be read by vertical-fracture meter, and the latter then requires over multiphase flow computation model and solves. Assume initially that formation leakage amount is 0, can be calculated by computation model and obtain the vertical pressure of well head, if it is consistent with the vertical pressure of reality to calculate vertical pressure, then it is absent from leakage, otherwise will adjust wastage, if it is bigger than normal to calculate vertical pressure, then there is leakage, incrementally increase wastage, be iterated calculating, until it is consistent with the vertical pressure of reality to calculate vertical pressure. If it is less than normal to calculate vertical pressure, it is likely that there is overflow phenomena, it is also possible to calculated by multiphase flow model and obtain spillway discharge.
SPE20630 model in step A is the AnsariAM model proposed in nineteen ninety, adopts and needs input well depth structure, construction parameter two item data during this model. SPE35676 model is the Chokshi model proposed in 1996, adopts and needs input service liquid parameter and empirical coefficient two item data during this model. Overall process under-balance drilling wellbore flow model is the model that Wei Na and 2011 year propose, and adopts this model to need input well depth structure, working solution parameter and construction parameter three item data. Under balance pressure drilling process stratum spillway discharge or number of dropouts Inversion Calculation model are the model that Li Jie proposed with 2010, adopt this model to need input well depth structure, working solution parameter and construction parameter three item data.
When drilling fluid leakage, can there is respective change in the physical property of the drilling fluid in pit shaft, such as the density of drilling well, flow etc., thus the pressure balance having influence in drill string and annular space, makes ground standpipe pressure, casing pressure that respective change also to occur. Vertical pressure refers to the force value on operation process neutral tube, and reflection is the drilling fluid pressure loss in drill string, bit port and annular space, is numerically nearly equal to the loss of whole circulatory system pressure, is also approximately equal to circulation pump pressure.
As it is shown in figure 1, under normally creeping into situation, the fluid circulation in pit shaft meets mass conservation law, namely the total amount of drilling fluid will not change, once miss, drilling-fluid circulation system quality can reduce, pressure oscillation will be caused, and then be reacted to the change of vertical pressure and casing pressure. Being calculated or pass through casing pressure calculating, in annular space, the wastage that can obtain drilling fluid by vertical pressure in drill string, it is contemplated that complexity of the calculation, calculate from vertical pressure relatively more easy, therefore the vertical pressure of selection is as characterization parameter. The calculating of vertical pressure can be expressed with following formula
ΔPS=Δ Ppi+ΔPci+ΔPb+ΔPco+ΔPpo
Wherein Δ PSIt is vertical pressure, Δ PpiIt is the intrinsic pressure consumption of drilling rod, Δ PciIt is the intrinsic pressure consumption of drill collar, Δ PbIt is drill bit pressure consumption, Δ PcoIt is drill collar external pressure consumption, Δ PpoIt it is drilling rod external pressure consumption.After drilling fluid is missed, vertical pressure value also can change, the value that its value changes equal to leakage end top drilling fluid annular space frictional force. Drilling tool internal pressure loss Δ Ppi、ΔPciWith Δ PbWill not change. If drill collar section is shorter, it is possible to drill collar is reduced to a part for drill string to reduce amount of calculation. When inverting wastage, adopt multiphase flow computation model, by the minimizing amount of pressure loss in calculated annular space and vertical pressure changing value contrast, the calculating of drilling fluid leakage amount can be completed by abundant iteration.
Carried out a wastage to calculate every 1 minute, whenIn time, is adjusted to and carried out wastage every 5 seconds and calculate, whenIn time, is adjusted to and carried out wastage every 1 second and calculate, and wherein P is the vertical pressure value before vertical buckling, and P ' be the vertical pressure value after founding buckling.
Being under steady statue in vertical pressure, carried out a wastage every 1 minute and calculate, the wastage calculated is likely 0 or is certain value, represents and does not miss generation, or leakage has occurred and that, but does not continue generation leakage. If pressure changes, then need the interval that amendment calculates. If the difference before and after vertical buckling and the ratio before vertical buckling are more than 5%, then assert that vertical pressure changes greatly, modification time is spaced apart 1 second; If this ratio is less than 5%, then assert that vertical being pressed with changes but less, modification time is spaced apart 5 seconds. After being changed by pressure each vertical pressure test data can calculate the wastage obtaining this vertical pressure, characterize the change of leakage thereby through the change of pressure, take next step measure to provide data supporting for operator.
Being described further in conjunction with Fig. 3, what the figure shows is vertical pressure over time, and wherein abscissa is the time, and vertical coordinate is vertical pressure, by determining that formation leakage causes vertical drops after analyzing. Tri-points of A, B, C are 3 pressure spots of constant duration, and from A point to B point, stratum infiltration capacity starts to increase, and increasing degree is less; From B point to C point, vertical pressure significantly reduces, and stratum infiltration capacity increases rapidly, it is necessary to take measures in time, it is to avoid even more serious accident occurs.
Claims (2)
1. drilling fluid formation leakage quantity monitoring method, it is characterised in that: include following step:
A, according to drilling condition select heterogeneous fluid computation model, if drilling condition is Overbalance Drilling, select SPE20630 model or SPE35676 model, if drilling condition is underbalance mould drilling well, select overall process under-balance drilling wellbore flow model or under balance pressure drilling process stratum spillway discharge or number of dropouts Inversion Calculation model;
B, the heterogeneous fluid model vertical pressure of calculating well head selected according to abovementioned steps, wherein formation leakage amount initial value is set to 0;
C, well head previous step calculated found pressure value and compare with the vertical pressure value of actually measured well head, if the well head calculated founds pressure equal to the vertical pressure value of actually measured well head, then show that wastage is 0, if the well head calculated founds pressure and is not equal to the vertical pressure value of actually measured well head, carry out D step;
If the well head that D calculates founds pressure more than the vertical pressure value of actually measured well head, then strengthen formation leakage amount, if the well head calculated founds pressure less than the vertical pressure value of actually measured well head, then reduce formation leakage amount;
E, the stratum after previous step adjustment is leaked vector bring into heterogeneous fluid model recalculates the vertical pressure value of well head;
F, repetition step D to E are until calculating the vertical pressure value of well head and being worth equal with the vertical pressure of actually measured well head, and the stratum leakage vector corresponding to taking now is that vector value is leaked on the stratum calculating output.
2. right wants the drilling fluid formation leakage quantity monitoring method as described in 1, it is characterised in that: adopt the method for claim 1 to calculate formation leakage value, carried out a wastage every 1 minute and calculate, whenIn time, is adjusted to and carried out wastage every 5 seconds and calculate, whenIn time, is adjusted to and carried out wastage every 1 second and calculate, and wherein P is the vertical pressure value before vertical buckling, and P ' be the vertical pressure value after founding buckling.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107327298A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-11-07 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of gas cut degree evaluation method based on well head spillway discharge |
| CN109184674A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-01-11 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of method of novel formation leakage pressure measurement while drilling |
| CN109339768A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-02-15 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of micro- overflow monitoring while drilling method of drilling well |
| CN109944582A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-06-28 | 贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局一一五地质大队 | Method for analyzing position of stratum containing fractures in shaft |
| CN110984978A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2020-04-10 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司长庆井下技术作业公司 | Low-pressure natural gas well leakage speed mine field rapid evaluation device and method |
| CN111396025A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-07-10 | 成都维泰油气能源技术有限公司 | Pressure-controlled drilling intelligent drilling control and drilling abnormity identification and processing method and system |
| CN114320265A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2022-04-12 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Well leakage early detection method based on underground engineering parameter measurement |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107327298A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-11-07 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of gas cut degree evaluation method based on well head spillway discharge |
| CN109184674A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-01-11 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of method of novel formation leakage pressure measurement while drilling |
| CN109339768A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-02-15 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of micro- overflow monitoring while drilling method of drilling well |
| CN109944582A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-06-28 | 贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局一一五地质大队 | Method for analyzing position of stratum containing fractures in shaft |
| CN110984978A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2020-04-10 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司长庆井下技术作业公司 | Low-pressure natural gas well leakage speed mine field rapid evaluation device and method |
| CN111396025A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-07-10 | 成都维泰油气能源技术有限公司 | Pressure-controlled drilling intelligent drilling control and drilling abnormity identification and processing method and system |
| CN114320265A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2022-04-12 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Well leakage early detection method based on underground engineering parameter measurement |
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Application publication date: 20160615 |