CN108547152A - 耐洗涤保湿易去污柔软性全棉纺织品的制备方法 - Google Patents

耐洗涤保湿易去污柔软性全棉纺织品的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108547152A
CN108547152A CN201810396357.4A CN201810396357A CN108547152A CN 108547152 A CN108547152 A CN 108547152A CN 201810396357 A CN201810396357 A CN 201810396357A CN 108547152 A CN108547152 A CN 108547152A
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cotton textile
textile
easy decontamination
wash resistant
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CN108547152B (zh
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闵洁
顾永星
张战旗
曹春祥
华里发
黄张秘
齐元璋
许秋生
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SHANGHAI RUNYING NEW MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
SHANGHAI SANQIANG (GROUP) CORP Ltd
Shanghai Textile Science Research Institute Co Ltd
Donghua University
Lufeng Weaving and Dyeing Co Ltd
National Dong Hwa University
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SHANGHAI RUNYING NEW MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
SHANGHAI SANQIANG (GROUP) CORP Ltd
Shanghai Textile Science Research Institute Co Ltd
Donghua University
Lufeng Weaving and Dyeing Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种耐洗涤保湿易去污柔软性全棉纺织品的制备方法，其特征在于，采用两种整理剂整理全棉纺织品，其中一种为水性改性聚氨酯结构，其包含聚谷氨酸链段和聚醚链段，且含有可反应的封端异氰酸酯结构；另一种为水性聚醚改性胺基有机硅结构，其除含有嵌段连结的胺基硅氧烷链和聚醚链结构。本发明获得的纺织品具有安全环保、效果优异，可用着内衣面料、床用面料，具有柔软、保湿和易洗涤的功能；该功能整理工艺简单易行，过程易于控制，便于大规模生产。

Description

耐洗涤保湿易去污柔软性全棉纺织品的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种多功能纺织品的制备方法，具体涉及一种耐洗涤保湿易去污柔软性全棉纺织品及其制备方法，属于纺织品化学整理加工技术领域。
背景技术
皮肤是人体的天然外衣，一般由外至内分为表皮、真皮和皮下组织三大部分，皮肤最外层的角质层对于皮肤屏障功能的完整起着很重要的作用。角质层上面有一层皮脂膜是由皮脂、汗液和表皮细胞分泌物而形成的半透明油状薄膜，皮脂膜中的游离脂肪酸、乳酸盐、尿素和尿酸为天然的保湿因子，对皮肤起保湿作用，角质层和皮脂膜可以防止皮肤水分的丢失，正常情况下，角质层的含水量应该在10％左右，低于这个水平，就会产生表面缺水症状。
皮肤干燥是指因季节变化缺水等原因，使得皮肤变厚、变粗糙；秋冬季节，人体的皮脂、水份分泌会逐渐减少，皮肤明显变得干燥，尤其是中老年人因水份大量减少，皮肤表层会显得更粗燥，会引起手脚、小腿处会有干裂、瘙痒的现象，在严重时会造成皮肤产生皲裂引起发炎或流脓等现象。
纯棉织物作为深受消费者喜欢的天然纤维，可向周围大气中吸收水分，其标准含水率约为8％左右，在冬季其含水率远低于人体正常皮肤对环境湿度的需要，因此易于造成中老年人群的皮肤瘙痒等影响身体健康的生理症状。
全棉纺织品，尤其是内衣作为人体的第二层皮肤，其性能在很大程度和人体的舒适性和健康息息相关，而开发具有保健功能的纺织品是当前纺织品市场及人们对高品质生活提出的新要求。
柔软剂是一类能改变纤维的静、动摩擦系数的化学物质。当改变纤维表面的动、静摩擦系数时，可以改变纤维与纤维之间、纤维与皮肤之间做相互移动时需要克服的阻力，实现柔软、滑爽的触觉效果，而这种触觉效果是消费者可以进行主管评价的质量指标，对商品的销售有着重要的影响。柔软整理是印染加工中的重要后整理工序。纺织品在加工过程中，经多次处理后手感会变得粗糙，一般合成纤维织物更差，尤其是超细纤维织物。为了使织物具有柔软、滑爽、舒适的手感，就需要对其进行整理，目前应用广泛的是用柔软剂进行整理。
开发全棉织物保湿、易去污、柔软和耐洗功能，意在丰富棉织物的功能整理范畴，提高棉织物服用品质，从当前保健的角度来看，该产品具有广阔的开发和应用前景。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的问题是：全棉纺织品的吸水性较好，贴身穿着易引起皮肤干燥、瘙痒等问题。
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种耐洗涤保湿易去污柔软性全棉纺织品的制备方法，其特征在于，采用两种整理剂整理全棉纺织品，其中一种为水性改性聚氨酯，其包含聚谷氨酸链段和聚醚链段，且含有可反应的封端异氰酸酯；另一种为水性聚醚改性胺基有机硅，其含有嵌段的胺基硅氧烷链节和聚醚链节结构。
优选地，所述聚谷氨酸链段的数均分子量为不小于1000，且该分子链段在水性改性聚氨酯结构中的重量百分比大于25％，以满足纤维对保湿性能的要求；聚醚链段在水性改性聚氨酯结构中的重量百分比大于50％，以满足纤维在洗涤过程中的易去污性。
优选地，水性聚醚改性胺基有机硅结构起到柔软、滑爽的功能，所述胺基有机硅为聚甲基硅氧烷大分子链，且在聚甲基硅氧烷大分子链的侧基上含有氨丙基、N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基或γ-(2，3-环氧丙氧基)丙基反应性基团，这些基团在后整理过程中，可以和改性聚氨酯结构中的潜伏性活性剂进行交联反应，实现棉织物上功能性指标的耐洗涤性；聚醚链结构为聚环氧乙醚结构或环氧乙烯与环氧丙烯的嵌段醚结构。
优选地，所述水性改性聚氨酯结构整理剂的制备方法包括以下步骤：
步骤1)：将异氰酸酯三聚体、脱水高分子二元醇在催化剂作用下于50～95℃的反应釜中反应2～6h；
步骤2)：在反应釜中加入小分子二元醇进行扩链反应2～3h，再加入封端剂继续反应2～3h；
步骤3)：将反应釜降温至50～60℃，加入pH值为4～5的聚谷氨酸水溶液，进行扩链反应4～6h；
步骤4)：将反应釜降温至25℃，用氢氧化钠调节pH值至中性。
更优选地，所述步骤1)中异氰酸酯三聚体采用脂肪族结构的异氰酸酯三聚体或芳香族的甲苯二异氰酸酯三聚体；脱水高分子二元醇采用聚氧乙烯醚二元醇、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚的嵌段二元醇或两种二元醇的混合；脱水高分子二元醇的数均分子量为500～15000；异氰酸酯三聚体与脱水高分子二元醇的摩尔比为2.1～2.4∶1。
更优选地，所述步骤2)中的小分子二元醇采用乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇或1，4-二羟甲基苯；封端剂采用肟类化合物；脱水聚氧乙烯醚与小分子二元醇的摩尔比为4.1～4.2∶1；异氰酸酯三聚体与封端剂的摩尔比为1.0～1.1∶1。
更优选地，所述步骤3)中的聚谷氨酸为化妆品级的原料，其数/均分子量为1000～1000000；异氰酸酯三聚体与聚谷氨酸的摩尔比为2～3∶1。
优选地，所述整理剂通过轧烘焙工艺施加到纺织品表面，并通过封端异氰酸酯的解封闭及异氰酸酯和羟基的共价交联反应，使整理后的纺织品获得耐洗涤、保湿、易去污和柔软性的特性。
更优选地，所述轧烘焙工艺的车速为30～80m/min，烘焙温度为130～160℃。可根据棉织物的面密度大小进行调整。
更优选地，所述整理后的纺织品的回潮率为9％～10％，易去污等级为3～4级。
本发明所采用的二种功能高分子，选择特定结构的改性聚有机硅进行合理复配进行棉织物加工获得目标功能的棉纺织品，通常选用的加工设备和工艺是指，采用平幅拉幅机通过軋烘焙工艺，实现对纺织品的整理加工获得具有耐洗涤的保湿、易去污功能和柔软的手感特性。
本发明制得的纺织品安全环保、效果优异，可用着内衣面料、床用面料，具有柔软、保湿和易洗涤的功能；该功能整理工艺简单易行，过程易于控制，便于大规模生产。
具体实施方式
为使本发明更明显易懂，兹以优选实施例，作详细说明如下。
实施例1-2中水性改性聚氨酯结构整理剂的制备方法如下：
称取2000g数均分子量为2000的聚乙二醇醚二元醇，置于120℃的真空反应釜中脱水8h，取样用卡尔费休法测定聚乙二醇醚二元醇的水分含量降至0.02％时停止脱水，反应釜中通入氮气，降温至75℃；称取1110.0g的HDI三聚体加入反应釜中，在75℃的条件下，氮气保护反应3h，然后加入有机锡1.2g继续催化反应3h，用无水丙酮为溶剂，按重量比1∶1加入无水乙二醇31g，继续扩链反应3h，加入182g无水丁酮肟作为封端剂，在相同温度条件下继续反应2.5h后，降温至60℃，加入1500g分子量为1000的聚谷氨酸和4823g水的水溶液，进行扩链反应5h，然后降温至25℃，用氢氧化钠调节溶液pH值至中性，得到固含量为50％的淡黄色透明水性溶液。
实施例1
选择棉针汗布(160g/m2)，采用水性改性聚氨酯结构整理剂和水性聚醚改性胺基有机硅结构整理剂进行整理。其中，工作液由水性改性聚氨酯结构整理剂60g，水性聚醚改性胺基有机硅结构整理剂30g，JFC 2g及余量的水合成，总重量为1000g。
整理工艺流程：将纯棉针织物进行浸轧，轧液率为90％；烘干后在130℃下焙烘3min。
整理后的全棉纺织品的标准回潮率为9.6％，易去污等级为3～4级(标准FZ-T0118-2012)。
实施例2
选择棉机织物(平纹、180g/m2)，采用水性改性聚氨酯结构整理剂和水性聚醚改性胺基有机硅结构整理剂进行整理。其中，工作液由水性改性聚氨酯结构整理剂80g，水性聚醚改性胺基有机硅结构整理剂40g，JFC2.5g及余量的水合成，总重量为1000g。
整理工艺流程：将纯棉针织物进行浸轧，轧液率为90％；烘干后在150℃下焙烘2min。
整理后的全棉纺织品的标准回潮率为9.5％，易去污等级为3～4级(标准FZ-T0118-2012)。
实施例3
选择棉机织物(平纹、130g/m2)，采用水性改性聚氨酯结构整理剂和水性聚醚改性胺基有机硅结构整理剂进行整理。其中，工作液由水性改性聚氨酯结构整理剂60g，水性聚醚改性胺基有机硅结构整理剂30g，JFC1.5g及余量的水合成，总重量为1000g。
整理工艺流程：将纯棉针织物进行浸轧，轧液率为90％；烘干后在150℃下焙烘2min。
整理后的全棉纺织品的标准回潮率为9.0％，易去污等级为3～4级(标准FZ-T0118-2012)。

Claims (10)

1.一种耐洗涤保湿易去污柔软性全棉纺织品的制备方法，其特征在于，采用两种整理剂整理全棉纺织品，采用两种整理剂整理全棉纺织品，其中一种为水性改性聚氨酯，其包含聚谷氨酸链段和聚醚链段，且含有可反应的封端异氰酸酯；另一种为水性聚醚改性胺基有机硅，其含有嵌段的胺基硅氧烷链节和聚醚链节结构。
2.如权利要求1所述的耐洗涤保湿易去污柔软性全棉纺织品的制备方法，其特征在于，所述聚谷氨酸链段的数均分子量为不小于1000，且该分子链段在水性改性聚氨酯结构中的重量百分比大于25％；聚醚链段在水性改性聚氨酯结构中的重量百分比大于50％。
3.如权利要求1所述的耐洗涤保湿易去污柔软性全棉纺织品的制备方法，其特征在于，所述胺基有机硅为聚甲基硅氧烷大分子链，且在聚甲基硅氧烷大分子链的侧基上含有氨丙基、N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基或γ-(2，3-环氧丙氧基)丙基反应性基团；聚醚链结构为聚环氧乙醚结构或环氧乙烯与环氧丙烯的嵌段醚结构。
4.如权利要求1所述的耐洗涤保湿易去污柔软性全棉纺织品的制备方法，其特征在于，所述水性改性聚氨酯结构整理剂的制备方法包括以下步骤：
步骤1)：将异氰酸酯三聚体、脱水高分子二元醇在催化剂作用下于50～95℃的反应釜中反应2～6h；
步骤2)：在反应釜中加入小分子二元醇进行扩链反应2～3h，再加入封端剂继续反应2～3h；
步骤3)：将反应釜降温至50～60℃，加入pH值为4～5的聚谷氨酸水溶液，进行扩链反应4～6h；
步骤4)：将反应釜降温至25℃，用氢氧化钠调节pH值至中性。
5.如权利要求4所述的耐洗涤保湿易去污柔软性全棉纺织品的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1)中异氰酸酯三聚体采用脂肪族结构的异氰酸酯三聚体或芳香族的甲苯二异氰酸酯三聚体；脱水高分子二元醇采用聚氧乙烯醚二元醇、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚的嵌段二元醇或两种二元醇的混合；脱水高分子二元醇的数均分子量为500～15000；异氰酸酯三聚体与脱水高分子二元醇的摩尔比为2.1～2.4∶1。
6.如权利要求4所述的耐洗涤保湿易去污柔软性全棉纺织品的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2)中的小分子二元醇采用乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇或1，4-二羟甲基苯；封端剂采用肟类化合物；脱水聚氧乙烯醚与小分子二元醇的摩尔比为4.1～4.2∶1；异氰酸酯三聚体与封端剂的摩尔比为1.0～1.1∶1。
7.如权利要求4所述的耐洗涤保湿易去污柔软性全棉纺织品的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3)中的聚谷氨酸为化妆品级的原料，其数均分子量为1000～1000000；异氰酸酯三聚体与聚谷氨酸的摩尔比为2～3∶1。
8.如权利要求1所述的耐洗涤保湿易去污柔软性全棉纺织品的制备方法，其特征在于，所述整理剂通过轧烘焙工艺施加到纺织品表面，并通过封端异氰酸酯的解封闭及异氰酸酯和羟基的共价交联反应，使整理后的纺织品获得耐洗涤、保湿、易去污和柔软性的特性。
9.如权利要求8所述的耐洗涤保湿易去污柔软性全棉纺织品的制备方法，其特征在于，所述轧烘焙工艺的车速为30～80m/min，烘焙温度为130～160℃。
10.如权利要求8所述的耐洗涤保湿易去污柔软性全棉纺织品的制备方法，其特征在于，所述整理后的纺织品的回潮率为9％～10％，易去污等级为3～4级。
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