CN108546143A - 一种高强多孔陶瓷及其低温制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高强多孔陶瓷及其低温制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108546143A CN108546143A CN201810330999.4A CN201810330999A CN108546143A CN 108546143 A CN108546143 A CN 108546143A CN 201810330999 A CN201810330999 A CN 201810330999A CN 108546143 A CN108546143 A CN 108546143A
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical group [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Inorganic materials [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007832 Na2SO4 Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910004883 Na2SiF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007836 KH2PO4 Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000329 aluminium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical group [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- VBKNTGMWIPUCRF-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;fluoride;hydrofluoride Chemical compound F.[F-].[K+] VBKNTGMWIPUCRF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 10
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 8
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052661 anorthite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GWWPLLOVYSCJIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;calcium;disilicate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GWWPLLOVYSCJIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010054949 Metaplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010805 inorganic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015689 metaplastic ossification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明属于多孔陶瓷的技术领域,公开了一种高强多孔陶瓷及其低温制备方法。所述方法:(1)将原料混合;所述原料包括固体废弃物、低品位矿物以及添加剂;当原料中铝元素不足时,所述原料还包括铝源;(2)将混合的原料成型制成坯体;(3)将坯体在800~1300℃下烧成,获得高强多孔陶瓷;所述添加剂为氧化铝、硝酸盐、碳酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、氟化物、硼砂中的一种以上。本发明以固体废弃物、低品位矿物为原料的一部分,实现了资源的回收利用,环保,经济;而且原料范围广,工艺简单(一步法原位制备晶须骨架结构),生产成本低,适合产业化生产。同时本发明能耗少,制备的多孔陶瓷具有晶须骨架结构,孔隙率高、密度低、机械强度高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于多孔陶瓷的技术领域,涉及一种高强多孔陶瓷及其低温制备方法,特别涉及一种具有晶须骨架结构的多孔陶瓷及其低温制备方法。
背景技术
多孔陶瓷具有保温、隔热、吸音、保水、吸水、过滤、催化剂载体等功能,广泛应用于建筑、化工、轻工、冶金、农业等各领域,但由于其孔隙结构的原因,多孔陶瓷的机械强度一般都比较低,因此具有晶须骨架结构增强的多孔陶瓷具有较好的发展前景。
另外,我国固体废弃物和低品位矿物急剧增多,大量堆积、填埋的固体废弃物和低品位矿物不仅挤占良田,污染水土资源和空气环境,还会造成严重的二次灾害。它们富含SiO2、Al2O3、CaO等化学成分,其高效率资源化利用具有重要的社会经济意义。
专利“原位自生莫来石晶须增强钛酸铝多孔陶瓷材料及制备方法”(CN102584313A),采用α-氧化铝、拟薄水铝石等为原料合成了一种原位自生莫来石晶须增强的钛酸铝多孔陶瓷,晶须穿插于多孔陶瓷的空隙之间,对材料增强作用明显,但该工艺对原料纯度要求高,且烧成温度高(1400~1500℃)。专利“一种焊接晶须制备莫来石多孔陶瓷的方法”(CN105110779A),通过外加高温粘结剂、莫来石晶须,经冷冻干燥制备晶须焊接的多孔陶瓷,但该方法烧成温度也高(1200~1500℃以上),并且材料强度低(2~30MPa)。专利申请“一种莫来石晶须增强钙长石多孔陶瓷及其制备方法”(CN105198478A),先采用固相反应法制备出高纯、高长径比,易分散的莫来石晶须,再将该晶须与α-氧化铝、二氧化硅和碳酸钙结合,通过泡沫注凝成型,在1450℃烧成制备莫来石晶须增强的钙长石多孔陶瓷,但该工艺原料纯度要求也高,且烧成温度也高(1450℃)。专利“利用陶瓷废弃物生产的泡沫吸声材料及其制备方法”(CN102936151A),以陶瓷废弃物、超细高岭土等为主要原料,采用有机前驱体浸渍法,通过高温烧成制备泡沫吸声材料,但烧成温度仍然很高(1350~1450℃),且机械强度低。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的缺点和不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种高强多孔陶瓷及其低温制备方法。通过本发明方法所获得的多孔陶瓷具有孔隙率高、密度低、强度高等优点,并且本发明烧成温度低,能耗低。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现:
一种高强多孔陶瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将原料混合;所述原料包括固体废弃物、低品位矿物以及添加剂;当原料中铝元素不足时,所述原料还包括铝源;
(2)将混合的原料成型制成坯体;
(3)将坯体在800~1300℃下烧成,获得高强多孔陶瓷。高强多孔陶瓷具有晶须骨架结构。
所述固体废弃物为固体废弃物的粉体,是指固体废弃物经收集、破碎、混匀、磨碎后,再度球磨得到粉体。
所述固体废弃物为建筑废弃物、粉煤灰、陶瓷废渣、煤矸石、高温炉渣中的一种以上;这几种固体废弃物其主要成分为SiO2和Al2O3,属于有用矿物资源。
所述低品位矿物为低品位粘土矿、低品位铝矿、低品位铁矿、低品位钾长石、低品位云母矿中的一种以上。低品位矿物是指未达到工业原料品位要求的矿物或尾矿,或者在当前的经济、技术条件下难以利用的矿物或尾矿。
所述铝源为氧化铝或铝粉。
所述添加剂为氧化铝、硝酸盐、碳酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、氟化物、硼砂中的一种以上。本发明的添加剂作为助熔剂和晶须催化剂,有利于高温液相生成,降低液相粘度,为晶须形成和生长提供液相环境,并降低晶须生成温度。
所述硝酸盐为NaNO3、KNO3、Mg(NO3)2中一种以上;所述碳酸盐为Na2CO3、K2CO3、MgCO3、NaHCO3、KHCO3中一种以上;所述硫酸盐为CaSO4、K2SO4、MgSO4、Na2SO4、Al2(SO4)3中一种以上;所述磷酸盐为Na3PO4、NaH2PO4、Na2HPO4、K3PO4、KH2PO4、K2HPO4、Mg3(PO4)2中一种以上;所述氟化物为KHF2、Na2SiF6、NaF、CaF2、KF、AlF3中一种以上。
所述原料中各组分的重量百分比为:
固体废弃物:0~80%;低品位矿物:0~80%;添加剂:0.5%~30%;固体废弃物与低品位矿物不同时为0;
当原料中铝元素不足时,所述原料还包括铝源,此时铝源与添加剂的总量为0.5~30%。
步骤(1)中原料混合是指将各原料进行球磨混合;球磨的转速100~800rpm,球磨的时间0.5~36h;
步骤(1)中所述成型的压力为1~600MPa;
步骤(3)中所述烧成的时间为30~1500min。步骤(3)中所述烧成的升温速率为2~40℃/min。
步骤(3)中所述坯体在烧成之前需进行干燥。
低品位矿物是指未达到工业原料品位要求的矿物或尾矿,或者在当前的经济、技术条件下难以利用的矿物或尾矿。
本发明以固体废弃物、低品位矿物为原料的一部分,辅以其他原料和添加剂,通过低温(800~1300℃)烧成制备具有晶须骨架结构的多孔陶瓷。该方法原料范围广,工艺简单(一步法原位制备晶须骨架结构),生产成本低,适合产业化生产。制备的多孔陶瓷孔隙率高、密度低、力学性能优良,可广泛应用于建筑、化工、环保等领域。本发明技术在节能环保、吸声、过滤、低温烧成等领域具有重要的价值。本发明材料还可应用于吸声、过滤领域。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点及有益效果:
本发明以固体废弃物、低品位矿物为原料的一部分,实现了资源的回收利用,环保、经济;而且原料范围广,工艺简单(一步法原位制备晶须骨架结构),生产成本低,适合产业化生产。本发明通过低温烧成,能耗低,制备的多孔陶瓷具有晶须骨架结构,孔隙率高、密度低、机械强度高。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的高强多孔陶瓷的SEM图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图,对本发明作进一步地详细说明,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
本发明的建筑废弃物指建筑施工、拆迁、装修等过程产生的废砖、废混凝土、废砂石等无机废料,主要成分为SiO2:23.0~72.0%,Al2O3:10.0~36.0%,Fe2O3:1.5~7.0%,CaO:3.0~22.0%,MgO:0.8~4.5%,Na2O:1.2~3.4%,K2O:0.9~2.9%等;
陶瓷废渣,主要成分为SiO2:48.0~82.0%,Al2O3:5.0~33.0%,Fe2O3:0.5~3.5%,TiO2:0.3~2.9%,K2O:1.5~4.5%,Na2O:0.5~4.5%,MgO:0.5~10.5%等。
高温炉渣,主要成分为SiO2:18.0~62.0%,Al2O3:1.5~28.0%,MgO:5.0~30.0%,Fe2O3:1.5~5.0%,CaO:3.0~40.0%等。
低品位矿物,其主要成分为SiO2:9.0~72.0%,Al2O3:10.0~70.0%,等。
实施例1
一种高强多孔陶瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:实施例中百分数为质量百分数;
(1)建筑废弃物(主要成分为SiO2:23.5%,Al2O3:35.0%,Fe2O3:6.5%,CaO:21.7%,MgO:3.7%,Na2O:2.1%,K2O:2.9%等)55.2%、低品位铝矿石(主要成分为Al2O3:62.3%,SiO2:9.1%,Fe2O3:13.5%,TiO2:4.5%,K2O:6.9%等)34.8%、Na2CO3 6.0%、硼砂2.0%、K3PO4 2.0%,按比例配料,用球磨机以400r/min转速,球磨混料12h,得到混合的原料;
(2)将混合的原料100MPa下压制成型,烘干(40℃),制得坯体;混合的原料可先进行造粒,然后压制成型;
(3)将坯体置入高温炉中,以35℃/min升温速率升温至1050℃烧成,保温200min,制得高强多孔陶瓷,多孔陶瓷断面形貌如图1所示。图1为实施例1制备的高强度多孔陶瓷的SEM图。
本实施例制备的高强多孔陶瓷,密度0.78g/cm3,开口孔隙率68.13%,抗压强度30.69MPa,平均孔径11.60μm。
实施例2
一种高强多孔陶瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:实施例中百分数为质量百分数;
(1)煤矸石(主要成分为SiO2:51.0%,Al2O3:39.0%,Fe2O3:2.2%,CaO:0.9%,TiO2:2.7%,K2O:1.9%,Na2O:0.8%,MgO:1.3%)33.0%、陶瓷废渣(主要成分为SiO2:48.7%,Al2O3:32.0%,Fe2O3:2.4%,TiO2:1.5%,K2O:3.4%,Na2O:2.8%,MgO:8.6%)21.0%、低品位粘土矿(主要成分为SiO2:48.7%,Al2O3:34.7%,Fe2O3:2.5%,Na2O:3.5%,TiO2:2.5%,K2O:3.8%)10.2%、低品位钾长石(主要成分为SiO2:63.0%,Al2O3:16.7%,K2O:4.7%,Fe2O3:4.5%,Na2O:3.5%等)13.8%、KNO3 12.0%、磷酸盐(NaH2PO4和K3PO4,含量分别为7.0%、3.0%)10.0%,按比例配料,用球磨机以700r/min转速,球磨混料4h,得到混合的原料;
(2)将混合的原料150MPa下压制成型,烘干(80℃),制得坯体;混合的原料可先过100目筛,造粒,然后压制成型;
(3)将坯体置入高温炉中,以20℃/min升温速率升温至850℃,保温600min,制得高强多孔陶瓷。
本实施例制备的高强多孔陶瓷,密度0.72g/cm3,开口孔隙率70.56%,抗压强度28.61MPa,平均孔径12.90μm。
实施例3
一种高强多孔陶瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:实施例中百分数为质量百分数;
(1)低品位粘土矿(主要成分为SiO2:47.3%,Al2O3:26.8%,Fe2O3:2.8%,Na2O:3.5%)37.8%、低品位铝矿(主要成分为Al2O3:62.9%,SiO2:10.4%,Fe2O3:11.8%,TiO2:4.5%,K2O:5.2%)30.0%、低品位云母矿(主要成分为SiO2:68.0%,Al2O3:20.3%,Fe2O3:1.9%,K2O:4.7%)12.2%、Na2HPO4 8.0%、硫酸盐(CaSO4和MgSO4,含量分别为6.0%和2.0%)8.0%、MgCO3 4.0%,按比例配料,用球磨机以800r/min转速,球磨混料0.5h,得到混合的原料;
(2)将混合的原料200MPa下压制成型,烘干(120℃),制得坯体;混合的原料可先进行造粒,然后压制成型;混合的原料可先过150目筛,造粒,然后压制成型;
(3)将坯体置入高温炉中,以2℃/min升温速率升温至1020℃,保温400min,制得高强多孔陶瓷。
本实施例制备的高强多孔陶瓷,密度0.62g/cm3,开口孔隙率74.87%,抗压强度23.34MPa,平均孔径14.80μm。
实施例4
一种高强多孔陶瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:实施例中百分数为质量百分数;
(1)建筑废弃物21.3%、高温炉渣(主要成分为SiO2:42.0%,Al2O3:21.0%,MgO:12.3%,Fe2O3:4.4%,CaO:18.2%)15.5%、低品位铝矿(主要成分为Al2O3:68.9%,SiO2:10.1%,Fe2O3:5.8%,TiO2:2.7%)39.1%、磷酸盐(Na2HPO4、Mg3(PO4)2,含量分别为4.5%、3.0%)7.5%、硝酸盐(NaNO3、Mg(NO3)2,含量分别为2.0%、4.0%)6.0%、K2SO4 4.2%、K2CO36.4%,按比例配料,用球磨机以460r/min转速,干法球磨混料36h,得到混合的原料;
(2)将混合的原料600MPa下压制成型,烘干(100℃),制得坯体;混合的原料可先进行造粒,然后压制成型;混合的原料可先过200目筛,造粒,然后压制成型;
(3)将坯体置入高温炉中,以10℃/min升温速率升温至800℃,保温1500min,制得高强多孔陶瓷。
本实施例制备的高强多孔陶瓷,密度0.72g/cm3,开口孔隙率69.80%,抗压强度29.92MPa,平均孔径13.10μm。
实施例5
一种高强多孔陶瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:实施例中百分数为质量百分数;
(1)建筑废弃物80.0%、氧化铝4.0%、Na3PO4 3.5%、Na2SO4 1.2%、氟化物(KHF2、AlF3,含量分别为9.2%、2.1%)11.3%,按比例配料,用球磨机以630r/min转速,干法球磨混料7h,得到混合的原料;
(2)将混合的原料200MPa下压制成型,烘干(70℃),制得坯体;混合的原料可先进行造粒,然后压制成型;混合的原料可先过80目筛,造粒,然后压制成型;
(3)将坯体置入高温炉中,以25℃/min升温速率升温至980℃,保温1000min,制得高强多孔陶瓷。
本实施例制备的高强多孔陶瓷,密度0.68g/cm3,开口孔隙率72.47%,抗压强度27.69MPa,平均孔径13.90μm。
实施例6
一种高强多孔陶瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:实施例中百分数为质量百分数;
(1)粉煤灰70.0%、低品位钾长石(主要成分为SiO2:69.2%,Al2O3:17.3%,K2O:5.5%,Fe2O3:1.8%)12.3%、磷酸盐(NaH2PO4、Mg3(PO4)2,含量分别为6.0%、4.1%)10.1%、Mg(NO3)2 2.7%、硼砂4.9%,按比例配料,用球磨机以300r/min转速,球磨混料20h,得到混合的原料;
(2)将混合的原料1MPa下压制成型,烘干(60℃),制得坯体;混合的原料可先进行造粒,然后压制成型;混合的原料可先过300目筛,造粒,然后压制成型;
(3)将坯体置入高温炉中,以10℃/min升温速率升温至1300℃,保温30min,制得高强多孔陶瓷。
本实施例制备的高强多孔陶瓷,密度0.84g/cm3,开口孔隙率63.25%,抗压强度40.69MPa,平均孔径11.20μm。
实施例7
一种高强多孔陶瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:实施例中百分数为质量百分数;
(1)陶瓷废渣34.8%、低品位铁矿(主要成分为TFe:19.3%,FeO:13.0%,SiO2:46.0%,Al2O3:17.8%,MgO:2.70,K2O:1.2%)20.0%、氧化铝22.0%、K2HPO4 3.0%、硝酸盐(NaNO3、Mg(NO3)2,含量均为4.7%)9.4%、碳酸盐(MgCO3、NaHCO3,含量分别为7.0%、3.8%)10.8%,按比例配料,用球磨机以400r/min转速,球磨混料16h,得到混合的原料;
(2)将混合的原料80MPa下压制成型,烘干(90℃),制得坯体;混合的原料可先进行造粒,然后压制成型;混合的原料可先过220目筛,造粒,然后压制成型;
(3)将坯体置入高温炉中,以40℃/min升温速率升温至900℃,保温1300min,制得高强多孔陶瓷。
本实施例制备的高强多孔陶瓷,密度0.78g/cm3,开口孔隙率67.94%,抗压强度34.69MPa,平均孔径11.80μm。
实施例8
一种高强多孔陶瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:实施例中百分数为质量百分数;
(1)粉煤灰20.0%、高温炉渣(主要成分为SiO2:19.7%,Al2O3:21.3%,MgO:23.5%,Fe2O3:4.7%,CaO:29.0%)36.0%、陶瓷废渣(主要成分为SiO2:51.2%,Al2O3:29.0%,Fe2O3:2.9%,TiO2:2.8%,K2O:4.3%,Na2O:4.2%,MgO:9.5%)24.0%、低品位铁矿(主要成分为TFe:27.6%,FeO:13.0%,SiO2:42.8%,Al2O3:13.6%,MgO:3.70%,K2O:1.5%)10.5%、氧化铝9.0%、氟化物(Na2SiF6)0.5%,按比例配料,用球磨机以360r/min转速,球磨混料4h,得到混合的原料;
(2)将混合的原料150MPa下压制成型,烘干(100℃),制得坯体;混合的原料可先进行造粒,然后压制成型;混合的原料可先过40目筛,造粒,然后压制成型;
(3)将坯体置入高温炉中,以15℃/min升温速率升温至1080℃,保温100min,制得高强多孔陶瓷。
本实施例制备的高强多孔陶瓷,密度0.68g/cm3,开口孔隙率71.57%,抗压强度25.47MPa,平均孔径13.70μm。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受所述实施例的限制,在未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的任何改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种高强多孔陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)将原料混合;所述原料包括固体废弃物、低品位矿物以及添加剂;当原料中铝元素不足时,所述原料还包括铝源;
(2)将混合的原料成型制成坯体;
(3)将坯体在800~1300℃下烧成,获得高强多孔陶瓷;
所述添加剂为氧化铝、硝酸盐、碳酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、氟化物、硼砂中的一种以上。
2.根据权利要求1所述高强多孔陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所述低品位矿物为低品位粘土矿、低品位铝矿、低品位铁矿、低品位钾长石、低品位云母矿中的一种以上;
所述固体废弃物为建筑废弃物、粉煤灰、陶瓷废渣、煤矸石、高温炉渣中的一种以上。
3.根据权利要求1所述高强多孔陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述硝酸盐为NaNO3、KNO3、Mg(NO3)2中一种以上;所述碳酸盐为Na2CO3、K2CO3、MgCO3、NaHCO3、KHCO3中一种以上;所述硫酸盐为CaSO4、K2SO4、MgSO4、Na2SO4、Al2(SO4)3中一种以上;所述磷酸盐为Na3PO4、NaH2PO4、Na2HPO4、K3PO4、KH2PO4、K2HPO4、Mg3(PO4)2中一种以上;所述氟化物为KHF2、Na2SiF6、NaF、CaF2、KF、AlF3中一种以上。
4.根据权利要求1所述高强多孔陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所述铝源为氧化铝或铝粉;所述固体废弃物为固体废弃物的粉体。
5.根据权利要求1所述高强多孔陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所述原料中各组分的重量百分比为:
固体废弃物:0~80%;低品位矿物:0~80%;添加剂:0.5~30%;固体废弃物与低品位矿物不同时为0;
当原料中铝元素不足时,所述原料还包括铝源,此时铝源与添加剂的总量为0.5~30%。
6.根据权利要求1所述高强多孔陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中原料混合是指将各原料进行球磨混合;球磨的转速100~800rpm,球磨的时间0.5~36h;
步骤(1)中所述成型的压力为1~600MPa。
7.根据权利要求1所述高强多孔陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中所述烧成的时间为30~1500min。
8.一种由权利要求1~7任一项所述制备方法得到的高强多孔陶瓷。
9.根据权利要求8所述高强多孔陶瓷的应用,其特征在于:所述高强多孔陶瓷应用于建筑、化工、环保领域。
10.根据权利要求8所述高强多孔陶瓷的应用,其特征在于:所述高强多孔陶瓷用于制备吸声材料、过滤材料和/或催化剂载体。
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