CN108516840A - 一种利用工业废灰制备多孔材料的方法 - Google Patents

一种利用工业废灰制备多孔材料的方法 Download PDF

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CN108516840A
CN108516840A CN201810339827.3A CN201810339827A CN108516840A CN 108516840 A CN108516840 A CN 108516840A CN 201810339827 A CN201810339827 A CN 201810339827A CN 108516840 A CN108516840 A CN 108516840A
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任文强
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Liujing Technology Group Co.,Ltd.
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Liuzhou Liu Jing Polytron Technologies Inc
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种利用工业废灰制备多孔材料的方法,包括如下步骤:将工业废灰进行初步清理,再加入粉碎机中粉碎,筛分得到粒径大小为0.27‑0.6mm的粉末,加入第一反应釜中浸泡、搅拌,再过滤、烘干,得到处理后工业废灰;称取处理后工业废灰100‑120份、二氧化钛40‑50份、氯化钠10‑20份、氯化钙4‑5份、二氧化硅12‑20份加入混料机中混合,混合均匀后放入高温炉中灼烧至粉末融化,冷却至室温后取出,研磨筛分得到粒径大小为0.1‑100mm的颗粒,将颗粒置于第二反应釜中酸洗,过滤后滤渣水洗2‑4次、烘干,得到多孔材料。本发明制得的多孔材料密度为0.13‑0.14g/cm3,密度小、质量轻,提高了多孔材料的应用范围;同时本发明的多孔材料比表面积达到2800‑3100m2/g,比表面积相对较大,具有较强的吸收和催化能力。

Description

一种利用工业废灰制备多孔材料的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及多孔材料领域,尤其涉及一种利用工业废灰制备多孔材料的方法。
背景技术
随着工业现代化的发展,工业生产中产生了大量的工业废灰,目前大多数的处理方式都是直接填埋或倒入江河湖海中,一方面对自然环境造成了严重的二次污染,另一方面也造成了资源的浪费。同时,由于人们对环境质量要求的不断提高,对水体等的处理方式和要求也越来越高,多孔材料由于具有良好的吸附性能,可有效应用于空气或水体的净化,使得对多孔材料的需求也越来越大。但由于现今的多孔材料大多成本较高,导致其使用范围相对狭窄。因此,提供一种充分利用工业废灰、制备工艺简单、成本低的多孔材料是本领域亟待解决的一项技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是提供一种充分利用工业废灰、制备工艺简单、成本低的多孔材料的制备方法。
本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种利用工业废灰制备多孔材料的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)工业废灰预处理:将收集的工业废灰进行初步清理,再加入粉碎机中粉碎,筛分得到粒径大小为0.27-0.6mm的粉末,加入第一反应釜中浸泡、搅拌,再过滤、烘干,得到处理后工业废灰;
(2)多孔材料制备:称取步骤(1)中处理后工业废灰100-120份、二氧化钛40-50份、氯化钠10-20份、氯化钙4-5份、二氧化硅12-20份加入混料机中混合,混合均匀后放入高温炉中灼烧至粉末融化,冷却至室温后取出,研磨筛分得到粒径大小为0.1-100mm的混合料颗粒,将混合料置于第二反应釜中酸洗、过滤后滤渣水洗2-4次、烘干,得到多孔材料。
进一步的,步骤(1)中工业废灰在第一反应釜中用碱液浸泡并搅拌,搅拌速度为200-300rpm,反应时间3-4h,过滤后滤渣用清水清洗2-5次后在120-200℃下烘干。
进一步的,碱液浸泡工业废灰时,碱液的加入量为完全浸没工业废灰后高出总体积的2/5-1/2。
进一步的,碱液为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾中的一种,碱液浓度为8-10mol/L。
进一步的,步骤(1)中第一反应釜置于第一恒温水浴锅中,水浴锅温度为50-60℃。
进一步的,步骤(2)中混料机转速为300-400rpm,酸洗过程中搅拌器转速为200-300rpm,搅拌时间2-3h。
进一步的,步骤(2)中高温炉中灼烧温度为1500-2000℃,高温炉升温速度为5-10℃/min。
进一步的,酸洗混合料时,酸液的加入量为完全浸没混合料后高出总体积的2/5-1/2。
进一步的,酸液为盐酸、硫酸中的一种,酸液浓度为1-5mol/L。
进一步的,步骤(2)中第二反应釜置于第二恒温水浴锅中,水浴锅温度为30-50℃。
本发明的利用工业废灰制备多孔材料的方法,具有以下有益效果:
(1)利用工业废灰和二氧化钛等矿物质混合,在高温条件下灼烧熔化后融合,再在强酸的腐蚀下,混合物中活性较高的矿物质被腐蚀,留下性能稳定的物质构成比表面积较大的多孔材料,该多孔材料比表面积达到2800-3100m2/g,比表面积相对较大,具有更强的吸收和催化能力;本发明制得的多孔材料密度为0.13-0.14g/cm3,密度小、质量轻,提高了多孔材料的应用范围。
(2)本发明利用工业废灰为主要原料制备多孔材料,对工业废灰实现了合理有效的利用,变废为宝,为固废再利用提供了新途径,同时也降低了多孔材料的制备成本,有利于被广泛推广应用。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实施例,对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通的技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
一种利用工业废灰制备多孔材料的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)工业废灰预处理:将收集的工业废灰进行初步清理,再加入粉碎机中粉碎,筛分得到粒径大小为0.27-0.6mm的粉末,加入第一反应釜中并用浓度为10mol/L的碱液浸泡,碱液的加入量为完全浸没工业废灰后高出总体积的2/5,搅拌速度为220rpm,反应时间3.5h;第一反应釜置于第一恒温水浴锅中,水浴锅温度为50℃;浸泡后过滤,滤渣用清水清洗3次后在120℃下烘干;
(2)多孔材料制备:称取步骤(1)中处理后工业废灰100份、二氧化钛50份、氯化钠10份、氯化钙4份、二氧化硅15份加入转速为320rpm的混料机中混合,混合均匀后放入高温炉中灼烧至粉末融化,灼烧温度为1800℃,升温速度为10℃/min;冷却至室温后取出,研磨筛分得到粒径大小为0.1-100mm的颗粒,将颗粒置于第二反应釜中用浓度为5mol/L的酸进行酸洗,酸洗过程中搅拌器转速为240rpm,搅拌时间2.5h,酸液的加入量为完全浸没混合料后高出总体积的2/5,第二反应釜置于第二恒温水浴锅中,水浴锅温度为40℃;酸洗后过滤,滤渣用水洗4次后烘干,得到多孔材料。
实施例2
一种利用工业废灰制备多孔材料的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)工业废灰预处理:将收集的工业废灰进行初步清理,再加入粉碎机中粉碎,筛分得到粒径大小为0.27-0.6mm的粉末,加入第一反应釜中并用浓度为8mol/L的碱液浸泡,碱液的加入量为完全浸没工业废灰后高出总体积的1/2,搅拌速度为200rpm,反应时间4h;第一反应釜置于第一恒温水浴锅中,水浴锅温度为55℃;浸泡后过滤,滤渣用清水清洗2次后在150℃下烘干;
(2)多孔材料制备:称取步骤(1)中处理后工业废灰110份、二氧化钛40份、氯化钠20份、氯化钙5份、二氧化硅12份加入转速为300rpm的混料机中混合,混合均匀后放入高温炉中灼烧至粉末融化,灼烧温度为1500℃,升温速度为5℃/min;冷却至室温后取出,研磨筛分得到粒径大小为0.1-100mm的颗粒,将颗粒置于第二反应釜中用浓度为1mol/L的酸进行酸洗,酸洗过程中搅拌器转速为200rpm,搅拌时间2h,酸液的加入量为完全浸没混合料后高出总体积的1/2,第二反应釜置于第二恒温水浴锅中,水浴锅温度为30℃;酸洗后过滤,滤渣用水洗2次后烘干,得到多孔材料。
实施例3
一种利用工业废灰制备多孔材料的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)工业废灰预处理:将收集的工业废灰进行初步清理,再加入粉碎机中粉碎,筛分得到粒径大小为0.27-0.6mm的粉末,加入第一反应釜中并用浓度为9mol/L的碱液浸泡,碱液的加入量为完全浸没工业废灰后高出总体积的2/5,搅拌速度为300rpm,反应时间3h;第一反应釜置于第一恒温水浴锅中,水浴锅温度为60℃;浸泡后过滤,滤渣用清水清洗5次后在200℃下烘干;
(2)多孔材料制备:称取步骤(1)中处理后工业废灰120份、二氧化钛45份、氯化钠16份、氯化钙4.5份、二氧化硅20份加入转速为400rpm的混料机中混合,混合均匀后放入高温炉中灼烧至粉末融化,灼烧温度为2000℃,升温速度为8℃/min;冷却至室温后取出,研磨筛分得到粒径大小为0.1-100mm的颗粒,将颗粒置于第二反应釜中用浓度为4mol/L的酸进行酸洗,酸洗过程中搅拌器转速为300rpm,搅拌时间3h,酸液的加入量为完全浸没混合料后高出总体积的1/2,第二反应釜置于第二恒温水浴锅中,水浴锅温度为50℃;酸洗后过滤,滤渣用水洗3次后烘干,得到多孔材料。
实施例4
一种利用工业废灰制备多孔材料的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)工业废灰预处理:将收集的工业废灰进行初步清理,再加入粉碎机中粉碎,筛分得到粒径大小为0.27-0.6mm的粉末,加入第一反应釜中并用浓度为8mol/L的碱液浸泡,碱液的加入量为完全浸没工业废灰后高出总体积的2/5,搅拌速度为260rpm,反应时间4h;第一反应釜置于第一恒温水浴锅中,水浴锅温度为50℃;浸泡后过滤,滤渣用清水清洗4次后在180℃下烘干;
(2)多孔材料制备:称取步骤(1)中处理后工业废灰100份、二氧化钛48份、氯化钠12份、氯化钙4.8份、二氧化硅18份加入转速为360rpm的混料机中混合,混合均匀后放入高温炉中灼烧至粉末融化,灼烧温度为1600℃,升温速度为6℃/min;冷却至室温后取出,研磨筛分得到粒径大小为0.1-100mm的颗粒,将颗粒置于第二反应釜中用浓度为2mol/L的酸进行酸洗,酸洗过程中搅拌器转速为220rpm,搅拌时间2h,酸液的加入量为完全浸没混合料后高出总体积的2/5,第二反应釜置于第二恒温水浴锅中,水浴锅温度为45℃;酸洗后过滤,滤渣用水洗4次后烘干,得到多孔材料。
将实施例1-4制得的多孔材料进行密度和比表面积测试,其中比表面积测试按照GB/T21650.2-2008的标准进行,结果如表1所示。
表1多孔材料性能测试结果
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4
密度g/cm3 0.132 0.135 0.131 0.134
比表面积m2/g 2950 2820 3100 2860
由表1可知,本发明制得的多孔材料密度在0.13-0.14g/cm3之间,与市售多孔材料2.14g/cm3的密度相比,密度相对较小、质量相对较轻,进而提高了多孔材料的应用范围;同时本发明的多孔材料比表面积达到2800-3100m2/g,与市售多孔材料2620m2/g的比表面积相比,比表面积相对较大,使得本发明制得的多孔材料具有较强的吸收和催化能力,进一步提高了多孔材料的性能及应用。同时,本发明以工业废灰为原料制备多孔材料,一方面实现了废灰资源的再利用,有助于改善环境问题,另一方面也降低了多孔材料的制备成本,有利于被广泛推广应用。
以上借助具体实施例对本发明做了进一步描述,但是应该理解的是,这里具体的描述,不应理解为对本发明的实质和范围的限定,本领域内的普通技术人员在阅读本说明书后对上述实施例做出的各种修改,都属于本发明所保护的范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种利用工业废灰制备多孔材料的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)工业废灰预处理:将收集的工业废灰进行初步清理,再加入粉碎机中粉碎,筛分得到粒径大小为0.27-0.6mm的粉末,加入第一反应釜中浸泡、搅拌,再过滤、烘干,得到处理后工业废灰;
(2)多孔材料制备:称取步骤(1)中处理后工业废灰100-120份、二氧化钛40-50份、氯化钠10-20份、氯化钙4-5份、二氧化硅12-20份加入混料机中混合,混合均匀后放入高温炉中灼烧至粉末融化,冷却至室温后取出,研磨筛分得到粒径大小为0.1-100mm的混合料颗粒,将混合料置于第二反应釜中酸洗、过滤后滤渣水洗2-4次、烘干,得到多孔材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的利用工业废灰制备多孔材料的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中工业废灰在第一反应釜中用碱液浸泡并搅拌,搅拌速度为200-300rpm,反应时间3-4h,过滤后滤渣用清水清洗2-5次后在120-200℃下烘干。
3.根据权利要求2所述的利用工业废灰制备多孔材料的方法,其特征在于,碱液浸泡工业废灰时,碱液的加入量为完全浸没工业废灰后高出总体积的2/5-1/2。
4.根据权利要求3所述的利用工业废灰制备多孔材料的方法,其特征在于,所述碱液为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾中的一种,碱液浓度为8-10mol/L。
5.根据权利要求1所述的利用工业废灰制备多孔材料的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中第一反应釜置于第一恒温水浴锅中,水浴锅温度为50-60℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的利用工业废灰制备多孔材料的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中混料机转速为300-400rpm,酸洗过程中搅拌器转速为200-300rpm,搅拌时间2-3h。
7.根据权利要求1所述的利用工业废灰制备多孔材料的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中高温炉中灼烧温度为1500-2000℃,高温炉升温速度为5-10℃/min。
8.根据权利要求1所述的利用工业废灰制备多孔材料的方法,其特征在于,酸洗混合料时,酸液的加入量为浸没混合料后高出总体积的2/5-1/2。
9.根据权利要求8所述的利用工业废灰制备多孔材料的方法,其特征在于,所述酸液为盐酸、硫酸中的一种,酸液浓度为1-5mol/L。
10.根据权利要求1所述的利用工业废灰制备多孔材料的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中第二反应釜置于第二恒温水浴锅中,水浴锅温度为30-50℃。
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