CN108479805A - 一种用于污水处理的负载型硫化铜光催化剂及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于污水处理的负载型硫化铜光催化剂及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于污水处理的技术领域,提供了一种用于污水处理的负载型硫化铜光催化剂及制备方法。该方法先将埃洛石纳米管焙烧实现热活化,然后进行壳聚糖改性和负载铈,进一步加入氯化铜溶液和硫脲溶液,使微波水热反应生成的硫化铜负载于含有铈的埃洛石纳米管上,制得负载型硫化铜光催化剂。与传统方法相比,本发明的制备的负载型硫化铜光催化剂比表面积大,光能利用率高,电子和空穴的不易复合,光催化活性和稳定性好,并且具有较好的吸附性能,对污水中的有机污染物等的催化降解和吸附效果明显,易于回收,可广泛用于污水处理领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于污水处理的技术领域,提供了一种用于污水处理的负载型硫化铜光催化剂及制备方法。
背景技术
自上世纪七十年代起,持续的环境污染及能源短缺,引起了人们对全球危机的担忧,为了实现人类社会的可持续发展,开发一种即可用于环境治理又可用于清洁能源制备的新技术,成为一项紧急而迫切的任务,光催化技术因其在环境保护、清洁能源制备(太阳能转化为氢能)等领域广阔的应用前景,而受到高度重视,成为一种极具应用前景的技术。
光催化技术的关键是光催化剂。其中,硫化铜是一种重要的过渡金属硫化物,也是一种化学稳定性好的多功能半导体材料,成为较好的光催化材料。纳米硫化铜粉体粒径小、比表面积大,由于量子尺寸效应、表面效应和宏观量子隧道效应,其半导体纳米晶体在分子实体和微晶粒之间有传导电子的媒介作用,具有其块体材料 无法比拟的光电特性,因此硫化铜纳米粉体是一种重要的光电导材料,被广泛应用于光催化剂领域。
目前硫化铜半导体纳米材料的制备方法很多,如化学沉淀法、微波辐射法、气相沉积法、同相法、溶胶一凝胶法、微乳液法、水热合成法、喷雾热解法和超声合成法等。这些方法在一定程度上存在不足,譬如产物尺寸、形貌难于控制、产率不高、高温反应条件苛刻或是制备过程比较复杂、成本相对较高等。因此,如何制备高产率、高分散、尺寸可控、形貌规整的硫化铜半导体纳米材料成为关键问题。
目前国内外在污水处理光催化剂,尤其是硫化铜光催化剂的制备和应用方面已取得了一定成效。其中张静等人发明了一种硫化铜/氧化钛异质结光催化剂的低温制备方法(中国发明专利申请号201410687424.X),制备过程如下:(1)以钛的无机盐或有机盐为前驱体,采用沉淀法或溶胶-凝胶方法制得氢氧化钛(Ti(OH)4);(2)400~650℃温度下,对Ti(OH)4进行焙烧,焙烧2~4h,得到TiO2载体;(3)将铜粉和硫粉分散在特定溶剂中,将TiO2载体浸渍入此溶剂中磁力搅拌,40~60℃水浴加热4~24h,在此过程中由铜粉和硫粉生成的CuS可以负载到TiO2载体上;(4)将上述CuS/TiO2样品冷却至室温,经过过滤、洗涤、干燥即可得到CuS/TiO2异质结光催化剂。另外,曾冬铭等人发明了一种核壳结构硫化铋/硫化铜复合物微球及其制备方法(中国发明专利申请号201611153642.0),该方法是先通过在乙二醇中加入硝酸铋和硫脲,然后采用溶剂热法制备硫化铋微球,再将硫化铋分散在一定量的去离子水中,接着与氯化铜溶液进行离子交换反应制备硫化铋/硫化铜复合材料;该发明制备的核壳结构硫化铋@硫化铜复合物微球具有形貌可控、操作简单、不使用添加剂、高产率、低成本、合成工艺简单等特点;且该发明制备的核壳结构硫化铋/硫化铜复合材料具有高的反应活性,在光电器件、光催化等领域具有潜在的应用前景。
可见,现有技术中的硫化铜光催化剂存在电子和空穴容易复合,比表面积不高,光催化活性和稳定性差,吸附性能差,不宜回收等缺点。
发明内容
针对这种情况,我们提出一种用于污水处理的负载型硫化铜光催化剂及制备方法,可有效阻止硫化铜的团聚,得到的光催化剂表面积大,光催化剂活性和稳定性好,吸附性能好,利于回收,污水处理效果佳。
为实现上述目的,本发明涉及的具体技术方案如下:
一种用于污水处理的负载型硫化铜光催化剂的制备方法,先将埃洛石纳米管焙烧实现热活化,然后进行壳聚糖改性和负载铈,进一步加入氯化铜溶液和硫脲溶液,使微波水热反应生成的硫化铜负载于含有铈的埃洛石纳米管上,制得负载型硫化铜光催化剂,制备的具体步骤如下:
(1)将埃洛石纳米管焙烧,去除结晶水,制得热活化埃洛石纳米管;
(2)将步骤(1)制得的热活化埃洛石纳米管加入壳聚糖的乙醇溶液中,超声分散15~20min,然后过滤、洗涤、干燥,制得壳聚糖改性埃洛石纳米管;
(3)将步骤(2)制得的壳聚糖改性埃洛石纳米管加入质量浓度为35~40%的硝酸铈溶液中,缓慢搅拌5~10min,然后加入硼氢化钠和氢氧化钠,继续搅拌15~20min,然后过滤、洗涤、干燥,制得负载铈的埃洛石纳米管;
(4)将步骤(3)制得的负载铈的埃洛石纳米管加入质量浓度为20~25%的氢氧化钠溶液中,超声分散15~20min,然后加入质量浓度为50~60%的氯化铜溶液和质量浓度为30~40%的硫脲溶液,搅拌进行微波水热反应,生成的硫化铜负载于埃洛石纳米管上,反应完成后进行洗涤、干燥,制得含有铈的硫化铜负载于埃洛石纳米管的光催化剂。
优选的,步骤(1)所述埃洛石纳米管的直径为0.1~0.3μm,长度为0.3~0.5μm。
优选的,步骤(1)所述焙烧温度为300~500℃,时间为2~4h。
优选的,步骤(2)所述壳聚糖的乙醇溶液的质量浓度为30~38%。
优选的,步骤(2)所述各原料重量份为,热活化埃洛石纳米管20~30重量份、壳聚糖的乙醇溶液70~80重量份。
优选的,步骤(3)所述各原料重量份为,壳聚糖改性埃洛石纳米管20~30重量份、硝酸铈溶液48~67重量份、硼氢化钠5~10重量份、氢氧化钠8~12重量份。
优选的,步骤(4)所述微波水热反应的温度为140~160℃,时间为6~8h。
优选的,步骤(4)所述各原料重量份为,负载铈的埃洛石纳米管12~15重量份、氢氧化钠溶液10~15重量份、氯化铜溶液30~35重量份、硫脲溶液35~48重量份。
本发明还提供一种上述制备方法制备得到的用于污水处理的负载型硫化铜光催化剂。
该方法先将埃洛石纳米管焙烧实现热活化,然后进行壳聚糖改性和负载铈,进一步加入氯化铜溶液和硫脲溶液,使微波水热反应生成的硫化铜负载于含有铈的埃洛石纳米管上,制得负载型硫化铜光催化剂。与传统方法相比,本发明的制备的负载型硫化铜光催化剂比表面积大,光能利用率高,电子和空穴的不易复合,光催化活性和稳定性好,并且具有较好的吸附性能,对污水中的有机污染物等的催化降解和吸附效果明显,易于回收,可广泛用于污水处理领域。
本发明提供了一种用于污水处理的负载型硫化铜光催化剂及制备方法,与现有技术相比,其突出的特点和优异的效果在于:
1.本发明制备的负载型硫化铜光催化剂,对污水中的有机污染物等的催化降解和吸附效果明显,可广泛用于污水处理领域。
2.本发明的制备中利用埃洛石纳米管有效阻止了硫化铜的团聚,所得光催化剂的比表面积大,光能利用率高,且利于回收。
3.本发明的制备中通过掺杂铈减少了硫化铜光催化剂中电子和空穴的复合,提高了光催化活性和稳定性。
4.本发明的制备中通过壳聚糖改性埃洛石纳米管,增强了复合光催化剂的吸附性能。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明,但不应将此理解为本发明的范围仅限于以下的实例。在不脱离本发明上述方法思想的情况下,根据本领域普通技术知识和惯用手段做出的各种替换或变更,均应包含在本发明的范围内。
实施例1
将平均直径为0.2μm,平均长度为0.4μm的埃洛石纳米管在420℃下焙烧3.5h,去除结晶水,制得热活化埃洛石纳米管;将26kg热活化埃洛石纳米管加入74kg质量浓度为35%的壳聚糖的乙醇溶液中,超声分散17min,然后过滤、洗涤、干燥,制得壳聚糖改性埃洛石纳米管;取26kg壳聚糖改性埃洛石纳米管加入57kg质量浓度为37%的硝酸铈溶液中,缓慢搅拌8min,然后加入8kg硼氢化钠和9kg氢氧化钠,继续搅拌17min,然后过滤、洗涤、干燥,制得负载铈的埃洛石纳米管;将制得的13kg负载铈的埃洛石纳米管加入14kg质量浓度为22%的氢氧化钠溶液中,超声分散18min,然后加入33kg质量浓度为56%的氯化铜溶液和40kg质量浓度为36%的硫脲溶液,加热到145℃搅拌进行微波水热反应,7h后生成的硫化铜负载于埃洛石纳米管上,反应完成后进行洗涤、干燥,制得含有铈的硫化铜负载于埃洛石纳米管的光催化剂。
测试方法:
采用BET比表面积测定仪测定本发明制得的光催化剂样品的比表面积;
取1L亚甲基蓝溶液作为试验样品,采用亚甲基蓝浓度测试仪测定原溶液的亚甲基蓝浓度,在25℃,置于20000Lux的可见光照射下,加入2g本发明制得的光催化剂,再分别测定5h、10h和24h的亚甲基蓝浓度;
取1L亚甲基蓝溶液作为试验样品,采用亚甲基蓝浓度测试仪测定原溶液的亚甲基蓝浓度,在25℃,置于避光条件下,加入2g本发明制得的光催化剂,再分别测定5h、10h和24h的亚甲基蓝浓度。
测试所得数据如表1所示。
实施例2
将平均直径为0.1μm,平均长度为0.5μm的埃洛石纳米管在300℃下焙烧4h,去除结晶水,制得热活化埃洛石纳米管;将20kg热活化埃洛石纳米管加入80kg质量浓度为30%的壳聚糖的乙醇溶液中,超声分散15min,然后过滤、洗涤、干燥,制得壳聚糖改性埃洛石纳米管;取20kg壳聚糖改性埃洛石纳米管加入67kg质量浓度为35%的硝酸铈溶液中,缓慢搅拌5min,然后加入5kg硼氢化钠和8kg氢氧化钠,继续搅拌15min,然后过滤、洗涤、干燥,制得负载铈的埃洛石纳米管;将制得的12kg负载铈的埃洛石纳米管加入10kg质量浓度为20%的氢氧化钠溶液中,超声分散15min,然后加入30kg质量浓度为50%的氯化铜溶液和48kg质量浓度为30%的硫脲溶液,加热到140℃搅拌进行微波水热反应, 8h后生成的硫化铜负载于埃洛石纳米管上,反应完成后进行洗涤、干燥,制得含有铈的硫化铜负载于埃洛石纳米管的光催化剂。
测试方法与实施例1一致,所得数据如表1所示。
实施例3
将平均直径为0.3μm,平均长度为0.3μm的埃洛石纳米管在500℃下焙烧2h,去除结晶水,制得热活化埃洛石纳米管;将30kg热活化埃洛石纳米管加入70kg质量浓度为38%的壳聚糖的乙醇溶液中,超声分散20min,然后过滤、洗涤、干燥,制得壳聚糖改性埃洛石纳米管;取30kg壳聚糖改性埃洛石纳米管加入48kg质量浓度为40%的硝酸铈溶液中,缓慢搅拌10min,然后加入10kg硼氢化钠和12kg氢氧化钠,继续搅拌20min,然后过滤、洗涤、干燥,制得负载铈的埃洛石纳米管;将制得的15kg负载铈的埃洛石纳米管加入15kg质量浓度为25%的氢氧化钠溶液中,超声分散20min,然后加入35kg质量浓度为60%的氯化铜溶液和35kg质量浓度为40%的硫脲溶液,加热到160℃搅拌进行微波水热反应,6h后生成的硫化铜负载于埃洛石纳米管上,反应完成后进行洗涤、干燥,制得含有铈的硫化铜负载于埃洛石纳米管的光催化剂。
测试方法与实施例1一致,所得数据如表1所示。
实施例4
将平均直径为0.1μm,平均长度为0.3μm的埃洛石纳米管在350℃下焙烧4h,去除结晶水,制得热活化埃洛石纳米管;将22kg热活化埃洛石纳米管加入78kg质量浓度为32%的壳聚糖的乙醇溶液中,超声分散16min,然后过滤、洗涤、干燥,制得壳聚糖改性埃洛石纳米管;取22kg壳聚糖改性埃洛石纳米管加入62kg质量浓度为36%的硝酸铈溶液中,缓慢搅拌6min,然后加入7kg硼氢化钠和9kg氢氧化钠,继续搅拌16min,然后过滤、洗涤、干燥,制得负载铈的埃洛石纳米管;将制得的13kg负载铈的埃洛石纳米管加入12kg质量浓度为21%的氢氧化钠溶液中,超声分散16min,然后加入31kg质量浓度为52%的氯化铜溶液和44kg质量浓度为33%的硫脲溶液,加热到145℃搅拌进行微波水热反应,7h后生成的硫化铜负载于埃洛石纳米管上,反应完成后进行洗涤、干燥,制得含有铈的硫化铜负载于埃洛石纳米管的光催化剂。
测试方法与实施例1一致,所得数据如表1所示。
实施例5
将平均直径为0.3μm,平均长度为0.5μm的埃洛石纳米管在450℃下焙烧2.5h,去除结晶水,制得热活化埃洛石纳米管;将28kg热活化埃洛石纳米管加入72kg质量浓度为36%的壳聚糖的乙醇溶液中,超声分散19min,然后过滤、洗涤、干燥,制得壳聚糖改性埃洛石纳米管;取28kg壳聚糖改性埃洛石纳米管加入53kg质量浓度为39%的硝酸铈溶液中,缓慢搅拌8min,然后加入8kg硼氢化钠和11kg氢氧化钠,继续搅拌18min,然后过滤、洗涤、干燥,制得负载铈的埃洛石纳米管;将制得的14kg负载铈的埃洛石纳米管加入13kg质量浓度为24%的氢氧化钠溶液中,超声分散19min,然后加入34kg质量浓度为58%的氯化铜溶液和39kg质量浓度为38%的硫脲溶液,加热到155℃搅拌进行微波水热反应,6.5h后生成的硫化铜负载于埃洛石纳米管上,反应完成后进行洗涤、干燥,制得含有铈的硫化铜负载于埃洛石纳米管的光催化剂。
测试方法与实施例1一致,所得数据如表1所示。
实施例6
将平均直径为0.2μm,平均长度为0.4μm的埃洛石纳米管在400℃下焙烧3h,去除结晶水,制得热活化埃洛石纳米管;将25kg热活化埃洛石纳米管加入75kg质量浓度为34%的壳聚糖的乙醇溶液中,超声分散18min,然后过滤、洗涤、干燥,制得壳聚糖改性埃洛石纳米管;取25kg壳聚糖改性埃洛石纳米管加入57kg质量浓度为38%的硝酸铈溶液中,缓慢搅拌8min,然后加入8kg硼氢化钠和10kg氢氧化钠,继续搅拌18min,然后过滤、洗涤、干燥,制得负载铈的埃洛石纳米管;将制得的14kg负载铈的埃洛石纳米管加入13kg质量浓度为23%的氢氧化钠溶液中,超声分散18min,然后加入33kg质量浓度为55%的氯化铜溶液和40kg质量浓度为35%的硫脲溶液,加热到150℃搅拌进行微波水热反应,7h后生成的硫化铜负载于埃洛石纳米管上,反应完成后进行洗涤、干燥,制得含有铈的硫化铜负载于埃洛石纳米管的光催化剂。
测试方法与实施例1一致,所得数据如表1所示。
对比例1
光催化剂制备中,未采用壳聚糖对埃洛石纳米管进行改性,其他制备条件与实施例6一致。
测试方法与实施例1一致,所得数据如表1所示。
对比例2
光催化剂制备中,未采用埃洛石纳米管负载,其他制备条件与实施例6一致。
测试方法与实施例1一致,所得数据如表1所示。
表1:
Claims (9)
1.一种用于污水处理的负载型硫化铜光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,先将埃洛石纳米管焙烧实现热活化,然后进行壳聚糖改性和负载铈,进一步加入氯化铜溶液和硫脲溶液,使微波水热反应生成的硫化铜负载于含有铈的埃洛石纳米管上,制得负载型硫化铜光催化剂,制备的具体步骤如下:
(1)将埃洛石纳米管焙烧,去除结晶水,制得热活化埃洛石纳米管;
(2)将步骤(1)制得的热活化埃洛石纳米管加入壳聚糖的乙醇溶液中,超声分散15~20min,然后过滤、洗涤、干燥,制得壳聚糖改性埃洛石纳米管;
(3)将步骤(2)制得的壳聚糖改性埃洛石纳米管加入质量浓度为35~40%的硝酸铈溶液中,缓慢搅拌5~10min,然后加入硼氢化钠和氢氧化钠,继续搅拌15~20min,然后过滤、洗涤、干燥,制得负载铈的埃洛石纳米管;
(4)将步骤(3)制得的负载铈的埃洛石纳米管加入质量浓度为20~25%的氢氧化钠溶液中,超声分散15~20min,然后加入质量浓度为50~60%的氯化铜溶液和质量浓度为30~40%的硫脲溶液,搅拌进行微波水热反应,生成的硫化铜负载于埃洛石纳米管上,反应完成后进行洗涤、干燥,制得含有铈的硫化铜负载于埃洛石纳米管的光催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种用于污水处理的负载型硫化铜光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)所述埃洛石纳米管的直径为0.1~0.3μm,长度为0.3~0.5μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种用于污水处理的负载型硫化铜光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)所述焙烧温度为300~500℃,时间为2~4h。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种用于污水处理的负载型硫化铜光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)所述壳聚糖的乙醇溶液的质量浓度为30~38%。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种用于污水处理的负载型硫化铜光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)所述各原料重量份为,热活化埃洛石纳米管20~30重量份、壳聚糖的乙醇溶液70~80重量份。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种用于污水处理的负载型硫化铜光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)所述各原料重量份为,壳聚糖改性埃洛石纳米管20~30重量份、硝酸铈溶液48~67重量份、硼氢化钠5~10重量份、氢氧化钠8~12重量份。
7.根据权利要求1所述一种用于污水处理的负载型硫化铜光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)所述微波水热反应的温度为140~160℃,时间为6~8h。
8.根据权利要求1所述一种用于污水处理的负载型硫化铜光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)所述各原料重量份为,负载铈的埃洛石纳米管12~15重量份、氢氧化钠溶液10~15重量份、氯化铜溶液30~35重量份、硫脲溶液35~48重量份。
9.权利要求1~8任一项所述制备方法制备得到的负载型硫化铜光催化剂。
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN113647412A (zh) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-11-16 | 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 | 一种抗菌剂的制备方法 |
CN113782277A (zh) * | 2021-09-13 | 2021-12-10 | 江西云泰铜业有限公司 | 一种合金铜线的制造工艺 |
CN115006546A (zh) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-09-06 | 四川大学 | 一种促进伤口愈合的双硫异质结材料及其制备方法 |
WO2023214278A1 (en) * | 2022-05-04 | 2023-11-09 | Politechnika Warszawska | Flow reactor comprising a sorption-photocatalytic filling for water purification and the use thereof |
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2018
- 2018-03-14 CN CN201810210029.0A patent/CN108479805A/zh not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113647412A (zh) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-11-16 | 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 | 一种抗菌剂的制备方法 |
CN113782277A (zh) * | 2021-09-13 | 2021-12-10 | 江西云泰铜业有限公司 | 一种合金铜线的制造工艺 |
CN113782277B (zh) * | 2021-09-13 | 2023-09-19 | 江西云泰铜业有限公司 | 一种合金铜线的制造工艺 |
CN115006546A (zh) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-09-06 | 四川大学 | 一种促进伤口愈合的双硫异质结材料及其制备方法 |
WO2023214278A1 (en) * | 2022-05-04 | 2023-11-09 | Politechnika Warszawska | Flow reactor comprising a sorption-photocatalytic filling for water purification and the use thereof |
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