CN108477597A - 一种调节糖代谢的功能性膳食组合物 - Google Patents
一种调节糖代谢的功能性膳食组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种调节糖代谢的功能性膳食组合物。所述调节糖代谢的功能性膳食组合物按照质量份数包括：蛋白核小球藻粉25～75份、天山雪莲提取物15～35份、北虫草提取物15～35份、富铬酵母0.01～0.05份和甜菊糖苷0.02～0.1份。本发明的调节糖代谢的功能性膳食组合物，利用现代先进的医药制药技术结合四味药食同源食品相伍，辅以降血压、降血糖的甜味剂甜菊糖苷，能有效降低糖尿病并发症、心血管病、肝病、肾病、眼病、足病的产生几率，且药食同源可进一步取代降血糖药物，安全无毒副作用，集糖尿病预防与治疗于一体。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品保健技术领域，具体涉及一种调节糖代谢的功能性膳食组合物。
背景技术
糖尿病是一种因为胰岛素不足而导致体内糖代谢紊乱，使血糖升高的内分泌代谢病，是严重威胁我国居民健康的四大类慢性病之一。持续高血糖与长期代谢紊乱等可导致全身组织器官，特别是眼、肾、心血管及神经系统的损害及其功能障碍和衰竭。世界卫生组织在2016年世界卫生日发出警告：中国约有1.1亿名糖尿病患者，若不尽快采取行动，预计该数字将在2040年增至1.5亿人。
目前对于糖尿病主要通过西药治疗，如磺脲类、双胍类、噻唑烷二酮类等药物，这些化学降糖类药物尽管见效较快，但对肝、肾等脏器损害较大，某些药物降血糖药物可使血糖降至正常范围以下，甚至有发生低血糖的危险。例如：二甲双胍伴有的副作用，主要为胃肠道反应。胃肠道症状见于10％病人，可有腹部不适、厌食、恶心、腹泻，偶有口干或金属味，还有极少数人会诱发乳酸酸中毒，以及肝肾损害。产生副作用的还有磺脲类和苯甲酸衍生物类促泌剂，如果使用不当可以导致低血糖，特别是在老年患者和肝、肾功能不全者；磺脲类药物还可以导致体重增加，引起低血糖，腹泻或腹痛，以及皮肤过敏反应等。因此，寻找可用于治疗糖尿病，调理血糖平衡的天然生物活性物质或功能性食品是当前国内外糖尿病治疗研究的重要热点问题之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种调节糖代谢的功能性膳食组合物，通过天然植物发酵提取和中医配伍，既有效降低血糖又无副作用，用以辅助或替代传统的药物和胰岛素调节人体血糖平衡。
为实现上述目的，本发明供了一种调节糖代谢的功能性膳食组合物。所述调节糖代谢的功能性膳食组合物按照质量份数包括：蛋白核小球藻粉25～75份、天山雪莲提取物15～35份、北虫草提取物15～35份、富铬酵母0.01～0.05份和甜菊糖苷0.02～0.1份。
优选地，所述调节糖代谢的功能性膳食组合物按照质量份数包括：蛋白核小球藻粉35～65份、天山雪莲提取物20～30份、北虫草提取物20～30份、富铬酵母0.02～0.04份和甜菊糖苷0.05～0.08份。
优选地，所述调节糖代谢的功能性膳食组合物按照质量份数包括：蛋白核小球藻粉50份、天山雪莲提取物25份、北虫草提取物25份、富铬酵母0.05份和甜菊糖苷0.06份。
优选地，所述蛋白核小球藻粉的制备方法包括：将蛋白核小球藻藻种接种至养殖池水体中，调节水体pH值至6.5～7.5；加入培养基，植入二氧化碳发生器，20～30℃通入二氧化碳条件下持续光照射5～7天；过滤采集蛋白核小球藻，分离，喷雾干燥后获取蛋白核小球藻粉。
优选地，所述水体为自来水或纯净水；所述培养基为葡萄糖、硫酸镁、柠檬酸钙、磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钾、硫酸亚铁、乙二胺四乙酸二钠和尿素。
优选地，所述天山雪莲提取物的制备方法包括：
将新鲜天山雪莲花置于链条式烘箱70～80℃低温干燥脱水8～10h，制得含水量8％以下的雪莲干花；将雪莲干花粉碎至80目后置于浓度为80％的乙醇中30min，超滤膜过滤，去除残渣，制得生物黄酮提取原液；60～80℃低温真空浓缩，喷雾干燥制得天山雪莲提取物。
优选地，所述粉碎后的雪莲干花与乙醇质量体积比为1：100。
优选地，所述北虫草提取物的制备方法包括：
将北虫草菌丝体发酵原液在90～100℃条件下水煮2h，6000r/min，离心20min获得上清液，50～70℃的状态下进行浓缩至原体积的15％，转移至95％的乙醇中醇沉6～8h，静置，弃上清得醇沉物，喷雾干燥制得北虫草提取物。
优选地，所述北虫草菌丝体发酵原液的制备方法包括：
无菌条件下，按发酵罐液体培养基体积的8～15％加入北虫草种子液，15～23℃通风比1：0.6～0.8发酵罐内压为0～0.05MPa的条件下连续发酵33～40h，制得北虫草菌丝体发酵原液。
本发明所选用中草药的药性及药理如下：
蛋白核小球藻粉，是一种单细胞微藻植物，含有蛋白质50～67％，含有人体所需的20种氨基酸、多种维生素和微量元素，以及亚麻酸、亚油酸、胡萝卜素等成分。其生物素含量为每100克0.18～0.25毫克，参与碳水化合物，蛋白质和脂肪的代谢；叶绿素每100克含量2.4克，参与排出各种毒素；常量元素镁每100克含量243毫克，参与酶的活化，维持血管的收缩和舒张平衡，避免高血压和动脉粥样硬化。研究证明，小球藻细胞糖蛋白具有显著的抑瘤抗癌、增强免疫和抗病毒感染的活性，小球藻所含未知活性因子具有增强细胞代谢、延缓细胞衰老的活性。
天山雪莲提取物，味微苦，性温。归肝、脾、肾三经。有温肾助阳，祛风胜湿，通经活血的作用，主要含有的黄酮及其苷、倍半萜内酯、香豆素、木脂素、有机酸、氨基酸、甾体、多糖等成分。现代科学研究证明，天山雪莲含有多种对人体机能的有益成份，能对人体起到极好的调理和保健作用，改善皮肤色素沉着，延缓人体衰老；能有效地调节人体酸碱度，增强人体免疫力及抗疲劳；具有强心作用，对子宫具有强大的选择性兴奋作用，对风湿类风湿及肾虚引起的腰膝酸痛，性功能衰退；具有明显的抗菌、降压、镇静、解痉作用。
北虫草提取物，性平，味甘。归肺经、肾经。有补肺益肾、止血，化痰的功效。研究发现虫草含胆固醇、腺苷、麦角固醇、粗蛋白、氨基酸、脂肪、D-甘露醇、冬虫夏草环肽A、半乳甘露聚糖、虫草菌素、虫草酸、麦角甾醇、虫草多糖、生物碱、尿嘧啶、腺嘌呤、腺嘌呤核苷、维生素B12和多种微量元素，具有调节免疫功能，有使免疫功能增强或减弱的双相调节作用；具有较强的抗癌作用；使心率减慢，但心输出量却显著增加；对支气管平滑肌有明显的扩张作用，有平喘和祛痰作用；可使空腹血糖升高；影响内分泌系统，还有抗炎、镇静及抗惊厥作用；具有一定的抗菌作用，能保护肾功能，还具有防辐射、抗突变的作用；能提高细胞吞噬功能，增强心血管和机体免疫机能，还具有抗心律失常等功能。
富铬酵母，是人类利用最早、最广泛的纯天然营养型微生物，也是天然的营养宝藏和理想的生物载体。酵母铬是将酵母细胞培养在含三价铬的培养基中，通过生物转化将无机铬转转变成有机铬，从而提高铬在机体内吸收利用率，降低其毒副作用，更好地发挥其调节血糖、降脂及降胆固醇的作用。三价铬是一种参与人体糖和脂质代谢的微量元素，在人体内可形成葡萄糖耐量因子(铬调素GTF)，协同胰岛素一起参与人体糖和脂质代谢。通过在生产酵母的培养基中增加三价鉻微量元素，能改善人体对葡萄糖的利用，降低对外源性胰岛素的需求量，降低血液中的胆固醇和甘油三脂，对稳定糖尿病病人的血糖水平、改善疾病症状和促进康复等有明显作用。
甜菊糖苷，是一类从甜叶菊叶子中提取的高甜度、低热值的甜味剂，是一种非常理想的蔗糖替代品。毒理学实验表明，甜菊糖苷不仅安全，而且在食品领域有着广阔的应用。此外，甜菊糖苷还表现出许多功能活性，如降血压、降血糖、抗肿瘤、抑菌、抗腹泻、增溶等功能。
本发明方法具有如下优点：
1、本发明的调节糖代谢的功能性膳食组合物，通过蛋白核小球藻粉、天山雪莲提取物、北虫草提取物和富铬酵母四味药食同源食品相伍，具有血排毒、养肝护肾、平衡代谢的作用，辅以降血压、降血糖的甜味剂甜菊糖苷，能达到降低糖尿病并发症、心血管病、肝病、肾病、眼病、足病产生的几率，有效改善人体糖代谢平衡。
2、本发明利用新资源食品和药食同源食品，利用现代先进的医药制药技术制成，材料易于取得，制备方法简单，低成本、无毒副作用。
3、本发明的产品可与常规降糖药配合食用，又可减少或替代常规降糖药的食用，具有治疗效果好，口感好，食用方便，集糖尿病预防与治疗于一体的优点。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
本实施例的调节糖代谢的功能性膳食组合物，按以下步骤制备：
蛋白核小球藻粉：将300g蛋白核小球藻藻种接种至养殖池纯净水中，调节水体pH值至7；加入葡萄糖、硫酸镁、柠檬酸钙、磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钾、硫酸亚铁、乙二胺四乙酸二钠和尿素，植入二氧化碳发生器，26℃通入二氧化碳条件下持续光照射6天；过滤采集蛋白核小球藻，分离，喷雾干燥后获取蛋白核小球藻粉。
天山雪莲提取物：将250g新鲜天山雪莲花置于链条式烘箱75℃低温干燥脱水9h，制得含水量8％以下的雪莲干花；将雪莲干花粉碎至80目后置于浓度为80％的乙醇(雪莲干花与乙醇质量体积比为1：100)中放置30min，超滤膜过滤，去除残渣，制得生物黄酮提取原液；70℃低温真空浓缩，喷雾干燥制得天山雪莲提取物。
北虫草提取物：无菌条件下，按发酵罐液体培养基体积的11％加入北虫草种子液，20℃通风比1：0.7发酵罐内压为0.03MPa的条件下连续发酵38h，制得北虫草菌丝体发酵原液；
将50g北虫草菌丝体发酵原液在95℃条件下水煮2h，6000r/min，离心20min获得上清液，60℃的状态下进行浓缩至原体积的15％，转移至95％的乙醇中醇沉7h，静置，弃上清得醇沉物，喷雾干燥制得北虫草提取物。
然后，将蛋白核小球藻粉50份、天山雪莲提取物25份、北虫草提取物25份、富铬酵母0.05份和甜菊糖苷0.06份充分混匀，按照GB/T29602进行封装，每袋10g，置于常温、避光、干燥处保存，保质期常温下24个月。食用方法：每日两包，热水冲服，饭前食用。
实施例2
本实施例的调节糖代谢的功能性膳食组合物，按以下步骤制备：
蛋白核小球藻粉：将200g蛋白核小球藻藻种接种至养殖池自来水中，调节水体pH值至6.8；加入葡萄糖、硫酸镁、柠檬酸钙、磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钾、硫酸亚铁、乙二胺四乙酸二钠和尿素，植入二氧化碳发生器，20℃通入二氧化碳条件下持续光照射6.5天；过滤采集蛋白核小球藻，分离，喷雾干燥后获取蛋白核小球藻粉。
天山雪莲提取物：将400g新鲜天山雪莲花置于链条式烘箱77℃低温干燥脱水8.5h，制得含水量8％以下的雪莲干花；将雪莲干花粉碎至80目后置于浓度为80％的乙醇(雪莲干花与乙醇质量体积比为1：100)中放置30min，超滤膜过滤，去除残渣，制得生物黄酮提取原液；65℃低温真空浓缩，喷雾干燥制得天山雪莲提取物。
北虫草提取物：无菌条件下，按发酵罐液体培养基体积的8％加入北虫草种子液，18℃通风比1：0.65发酵罐内压为0.05MPa的条件下连续发酵35h，制得北虫草菌丝体发酵原液；
将100g北虫草菌丝体发酵原液在100℃条件下水煮2h，6000r/min，离心20min获得上清液，55℃的状态下进行浓缩至原体积的15％，转移至95％的乙醇中醇沉8h，静置，弃上清得醇沉物，喷雾干燥制得北虫草提取物。
然后，将蛋白核小球藻粉65份、天山雪莲提取物15份、北虫草提取物35份、富铬酵母0.02份和甜菊糖苷0.02份充分混匀，按照GB/T29602进行封装，每袋10g，置于常温、避光、干燥处保存，保质期常温下24个月。食用方法：每日两包，热水冲服，饭前食用。
实施例3
本实施例的调节糖代谢的功能性膳食组合物，按以下步骤制备：
蛋白核小球藻粉：将400g蛋白核小球藻藻种接种至养殖池纯净水中，调节水体pH值至7.2；加入葡萄糖、硫酸镁、柠檬酸钙、磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钾、硫酸亚铁、乙二胺四乙酸二钠和尿素，植入二氧化碳发生器，30℃通入二氧化碳条件下持续光照射7天；过滤采集蛋白核小球藻，分离，喷雾干燥后获取蛋白核小球藻粉。
天山雪莲提取物：将500g新鲜天山雪莲花置于链条式烘箱80℃低温干燥脱水10h，制得含水量8％以下的雪莲干花；将雪莲干花粉碎至80目后置于浓度为80％的乙醇(雪莲干花与乙醇质量体积比为1：100)中放置30min，超滤膜过滤，去除残渣，制得生物黄酮提取原液；60℃低温真空浓缩，喷雾干燥制得天山雪莲提取物。
北虫草提取物：无菌条件下，按发酵罐液体培养基体积的15％加入北虫草种子液，22℃通风比1：0.8发酵罐内压为0.02MPa的条件下连续发酵36h，制得北虫草菌丝体发酵原液；
将80g北虫草菌丝体发酵原液在98℃条件下水煮2h，6000r/min，离心20min获得上清液，70℃的状态下进行浓缩至原体积的15％，转移至95％的乙醇中醇沉6h，静置，弃上清得醇沉物，喷雾干燥制得北虫草提取物。
然后，将蛋白核小球藻粉25份、天山雪莲提取物35份、北虫草提取物15份、富铬酵母0.01份和甜菊糖苷0.08份充分混匀，按照GB/T29602进行封装，每袋10g，置于常温、避光、干燥处保存，保质期常温下24个月。食用方法：每日两包，热水冲服，饭前食用。
实施例4
本实施例的调节糖代谢的功能性膳食组合物，按以下步骤制备：
蛋白核小球藻粉：将150g蛋白核小球藻藻种接种至养殖池纯净水中，调节水体pH值至6.5；加入葡萄糖、硫酸镁、柠檬酸钙、磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钾、硫酸亚铁、乙二胺四乙酸二钠和尿素，植入二氧化碳发生器，23℃通入二氧化碳条件下持续光照射5天；过滤采集蛋白核小球藻，分离，喷雾干燥后获取蛋白核小球藻粉。
天山雪莲提取物：将600g新鲜天山雪莲花置于链条式烘箱70℃低温干燥脱水8h，制得含水量8％以下的雪莲干花；将雪莲干花粉碎至80目后置于浓度为80％的乙醇(雪莲干花与乙醇质量体积比为1：100)中放置30min，超滤膜过滤，去除残渣，制得生物黄酮提取原液；80℃低温真空浓缩，喷雾干燥制得天山雪莲提取物。
北虫草提取物：无菌条件下，按发酵罐液体培养基体积的12％加入北虫草种子液，23℃通风比1：0.6发酵罐内压为0.04MPa的条件下连续发酵36h，制得北虫草菌丝体发酵原液；
将70g北虫草菌丝体发酵原液在90℃条件下水煮2h，6000r/min，离心20min获得上清液，52℃的状态下进行浓缩至原体积的15％，转移至95％的乙醇中醇沉6.5h，静置，弃上清得醇沉物，喷雾干燥制得北虫草提取物。
然后，将蛋白核小球藻粉35份、天山雪莲提取物20份、北虫草提取物30份、富铬酵母0.05份和甜菊糖苷0.1份充分混匀，按照GB/T29602进行封装，每袋10g，置于常温、避光、干燥处保存，保质期常温下24个月。食用方法：每日两包，热水冲服，饭前食用。
实施例5
本实施例的调节糖代谢的功能性膳食组合物，按以下步骤制备：
蛋白核小球藻粉：将450g蛋白核小球藻藻种接种至养殖池自来水中，调节水体pH值至7.5；加入葡萄糖、硫酸镁、柠檬酸钙、磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钾、硫酸亚铁、乙二胺四乙酸二钠和尿素，植入二氧化碳发生器，28℃通入二氧化碳条件下持续光照射5.5天；过滤采集蛋白核小球藻，分离，喷雾干燥后获取蛋白核小球藻粉。
天山雪莲提取物：将800g新鲜天山雪莲花置于链条式烘箱78℃低温干燥脱水9.5h，制得含水量8％以下的雪莲干花；将雪莲干花粉碎至80目后置于浓度为80％的乙醇(雪莲干花与乙醇质量体积比为1：100)中放置30min，超滤膜过滤，去除残渣，制得生物黄酮提取原液；76℃低温真空浓缩，喷雾干燥制得天山雪莲提取物。
北虫草提取物：无菌条件下，按发酵罐液体培养基体积的9％加入北虫草种子液，15℃通风比1：0.8发酵罐内压为0.04MPa的条件下连续发酵37h，制得北虫草菌丝体发酵原液；
将45g北虫草菌丝体发酵原液在93℃条件下水煮2h，6000r/min，离心20min获得上清液，50℃的状态下进行浓缩至原体积的15％，转移至95％的乙醇中醇沉7.5h，静置，弃上清得醇沉物，喷雾干燥制得北虫草提取物。
然后，将蛋白核小球藻粉75份、天山雪莲提取物30份、北虫草提取物20份、富铬酵母0.04份和甜菊糖苷0.05份充分混匀，按照GB/T29602进行封装，每袋10g，置于常温、避光、干燥处保存，保质期常温下24个月。食用方法：每日两包，热水冲服，饭前食用。
典型病例：
1、海口市张先生，50岁，2016年5月检测血糖空腹11.0，一个月后食用本发明的调节糖代谢的功能性膳食组合物，每日两包，中午单独增加一包。2016年7月8日检测血糖将至7.48；食用第二个月至8月13日去检测，血糖恢复到6.1，患者明显感觉精力充沛。
2、东莞市某健康服务机构采用单方服用小球藻粉的方法，跟踪目标人群200人，按体重1kg/0.25g/天计，一般按每日3次，餐前一小时空腹服用，每次5～8g,五天后血糖开始下降，一个月后可以基本停止服用降糖药物。持续服用12～18个月后停止食用本发明的调节糖代谢的功能性膳食组合物一个月去检测，大多数人空腹测试未超过6mmol/L。
其中，上述机构采用的方法为加大本发明的调节糖代谢的功能性膳食组合物的用量，每日15～20克，符合国家新资源食品食用量每日≤20克。一般人每天食用3～5克。如果用这个方法再配伍天山雪莲和虫草，必将锦上添花，预期效果更具有持续性。
虽然，上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施例对本发明作了详尽的描述，但在本发明基础上，可以对之作一些修改或改进，这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此，在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进，均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种调节糖代谢的功能性膳食组合物，其特征在于：所述调节糖代谢的功能性膳食组合物按照质量份数包括：蛋白核小球藻粉25～75份、天山雪莲提取物15～35份、北虫草提取物15～35份、富铬酵母0.01～0.05份和甜菊糖苷0.02～0.1份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的调节糖代谢的功能性膳食组合物，其特征在于：所述调节糖代谢的功能性膳食组合物按照质量份数包括：蛋白核小球藻粉35～65份、天山雪莲提取物20～30份、北虫草提取物20～30份、富铬酵母0.02～0.04份和甜菊糖苷0.05～0.08份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的调节糖代谢的功能性膳食组合物，其特征在于：所述调节糖代谢的功能性膳食组合物按照质量份数包括：蛋白核小球藻粉50份、天山雪莲提取物25份、北虫草提取物25份、富铬酵母0.05份和甜菊糖苷0.06份。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的调节糖代谢的功能性膳食组合物，其特征在于：所述蛋白核小球藻粉的制备方法包括：将蛋白核小球藻藻种接种至养殖池水体中，调节水体pH值至6.5～7.5；加入培养基，植入二氧化碳发生器，20～30℃通入二氧化碳条件下持续光照射5～7天；过滤采集蛋白核小球藻，分离，喷雾干燥后获取蛋白核小球藻粉。
5.根据权利要求4所述的调节糖代谢的功能性膳食组合物，其特征在于：所述水体为自来水或纯净水；所述培养基为葡萄糖、硫酸镁、柠檬酸钙、磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钾、硫酸亚铁、乙二胺四乙酸二钠和尿素。
6.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的调节糖代谢的功能性膳食组合物，其特征在于：所述天山雪莲提取物的制备方法包括：
将新鲜天山雪莲花置于链条式烘箱70～80℃低温干燥脱水8～10h，制得含水量8％以下的雪莲干花；将雪莲干花粉碎至80目后置于浓度为80％的乙醇中30min，超滤膜过滤，去除残渣，制得生物黄酮提取原液；60～80℃低温真空浓缩，喷雾干燥制得天山雪莲提取物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的调节糖代谢的功能性膳食组合物，其特征在于：所述粉碎后的雪莲干花与乙醇质量体积比为1：100。
8.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的调节糖代谢的功能性膳食组合物，其特征在于：所述北虫草提取物的制备方法包括：
将北虫草菌丝体发酵原液在90～100℃条件下水煮2h，6000r/min，离心20min获得上清液，50～70℃的状态下进行浓缩至原体积的15％，转移至95％的乙醇中醇沉6～8h，静置，弃上清得醇沉物，喷雾干燥制得北虫草提取物。
9.根据权利要求8所述的调节糖代谢的功能性膳食组合物，其特征在于：所述北虫草菌丝体发酵原液的制备方法包括：
无菌条件下，按发酵罐液体培养基体积的8～15％加入北虫草种子液，15～23℃通风比1：0.6～0.8发酵罐内压为0～0.05MPa的条件下连续发酵33～40h，制得北虫草菌丝体发酵原液。
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