CN108474092B - 高强度熔融镀敷热轧钢板及其制造方法 - Google Patents

高强度熔融镀敷热轧钢板及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN108474092B
CN108474092B CN201680076114.1A CN201680076114A CN108474092B CN 108474092 B CN108474092 B CN 108474092B CN 201680076114 A CN201680076114 A CN 201680076114A CN 108474092 B CN108474092 B CN 108474092B
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steel sheet
hot
plating
rolled steel
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CN108474092A (zh
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木庭正贵
铃木善继
增冈弘之
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JFE Steel Corp
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JFE Steel Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/012—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of aluminium or an aluminium alloy
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B15/043—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
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    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
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    • C21D8/0405—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract

本发明提供一种表面外观及镀敷密合性优异的高强度熔融镀敷热轧钢板及其制造方法。该方法包括：对钢进行热轧、酸洗，接着以1％以上且10％以下的压下率进行轧制，然后进行熔融镀敷处理，其中，以质量％计，所述钢的成分组成含有C：0.02％以上且0.30％以下、Si：0.01％以上且1.0％以下、Mn：0.3％以上且2.5％以下、P：0.08％以下、S：0.02％以下、Al：0.001％以上且0.20％以下，余量由Fe及不可避免的杂质构成。得到的钢板表面的算术平均粗糙度Ra为2.0μm以下，钢板表面的α‑Fe(211)面的平均残余应力σ满足‑250MPa≤σ≤‑30MPa，且具有590MPa以上的拉伸强度。

Description

高强度熔融镀敷热轧钢板及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及以含有Si、Mn的高强度热轧钢板为母材、且表面外观及镀敷密合性优异的高强度熔融镀敷热轧钢板及其制造方法。
背景技术
近年来，在汽车用钢板领域，为了改善油耗、提高耐冲击特性，具有590MPa以上的拉伸强度的高强度钢板的应用正在不断扩大。在这些高强度钢板中，有时使用制造成本廉价的热轧钢板，另外，有时为了提高耐腐蚀性等而实施熔融镀敷。
通常，以对钢坯进行了热轧的钢板作为母材，将母材钢板在CGL的退火炉中进行再结晶退火，然后，进行熔融镀敷处理，制造熔融镀敷热轧钢板。另外，可以在熔融镀敷后进一步进行合金化处理来制造合金化熔融镀敷钢板。
用于上述用途的熔融镀敷钢板的表面外观、镀敷附着性良好是非常重要的。然而，对于含有Si的熔融镀敷热轧钢板而言，经常在酸洗后的表面产生局部氧化皮残留、发生因过度酸洗导致生成局部粉状物，另外，由于表面的凹凸粗糙，因此容易产生未镀敷、未合金化处理等缺陷。未镀敷是在熔融镀敷处理中，镀敷未附着于钢板表面的一部分，钢板表面露出的现象，其尺寸通常为mm级，因此能够肉眼观察到其存在。
为了解决上述问题而提出了若干方案。例如，在专利文献1中，作为在制造母材含有Si、Mn、P等的合金化熔融镀锌钢板时的合金化不良等镀敷缺陷的防止对策，提出了在母材的热轧钢板的酸洗脱氧化皮时实施抛丸处理、刷磨削的方法。
在专利文献2中提出了一种改善镀敷被膜的密合性的方法，该方法包括：在磨削母材表面后，在还原性气体氛围中加热至600℃以上，冷却，进行熔融镀敷处理，接着进行合金化处理。
在专利文献3中提出了一种在非氧化性气体氛围中将钢板退火后，在即将浸渍于熔融镀锌浴之前，实施压下率0.1～1.0％的轧制的制造方法。
在专利文献4中提出了一种合金化熔融镀锌钢板的制造方法，该方法包括：对热轧钢板或完成退火的冷轧钢板实施压下率为1.0～20％的轻压下，实施在520～650℃保持5秒钟以上的低温加热处理，浸渍于以质量％计含有Al：0.01～0.18％的熔融镀锌浴，接着进行合金化处理。
然而，专利文献1中提出的方法需要对镀敷前的母材进行抛丸、刷磨削。专利文献2中提出的方法需要进行磨削处理。由此，专利文献1、专利文献2均需要进行耗费成本和时间的处理，因此，存在导致生产性降低的问题。
专利文献3是为了防止合金化延迟而完成的专利，不一定能够获得与耐粉化性改善相关的足够效果。
另外，对于专利文献4中提出的方法而言，无法在目前的高强度钢板中获得与要求的更高强度、加工性对应的足够高水平的耐粉化性。
在对熔融镀敷被膜进行合金化时，镀敷被膜变得硬质，因此在成型时容易发生镀敷被膜的损伤(粉化等)。粉化是在受到压缩变形的镀敷被膜内部合金层被粉碎成粉状而剥离的现象，剥离后的镀敷被膜片堆积在模具内部，阻碍镀敷钢板的滑动性，成为镀敷钢板发生成型不良的原因。另外，剥离片堆积也成为压入缺陷的原因。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开平6－158254号公报
专利文献2：日本特开平10－81948号公报
专利文献3：日本特开2012－97326号公报
专利文献4：日本特开2002－317257号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
本发明是鉴于上述情况而完成的，其目的在于提供一种表面外观及镀敷密合性优异的高强度熔融镀敷热轧钢板及其制造方法。
用于解决课题的方法
为了解决上述课题，本发明人等进行了深入研究。其结果发现，通过控制钢板表面的粗糙度、残余应力，可得到表面外观及镀敷密合性优异的高强度熔融镀敷热轧钢板。
本发明是基于上述见解而完成的，其特征如下。
[1]一种高强度熔融镀敷热轧钢板的制造方法，该方法包括：对钢进行热轧、酸洗，接着以1％以上且10％以下的压下率进行轧制，然后进行熔融镀敷处理，其中，
以质量％计，所述钢的成分组成含有C：0.02％以上且0.30％以下、Si：0.01％以上且1.0％以下、Mn：0.3％以上且2.5％以下、P：0.08％以下、S：0.02％以下、Al：0.001％以上且0.20％以下，余量由Fe及不可避免的杂质构成。
[2]如上述[1]中记载的高强度熔融镀敷热轧钢板的制造方法，其中，作为成分组成，以质量％计，进一步含有以下元素中的一种或两种以上：Ti：0.01％以上且0.40％以下、Nb：0.001％以上且0.200％以下、V：0.001％以上且0.500％以下、Mo：0.01％以上且0.50％以下、W：0.001％以上且0.200％以下。
[3]如上述[1]或[2]中记载的高强度熔融镀敷热轧钢板的制造方法，其中，在所述轧制后、所述熔融镀敷处理前，进行退火，在所述退火中，将炉内气体氛围设为氢浓度2体积％以上且20体积％以下、露点-60℃以上且-10℃以下，钢板到达温度(T)为650℃以上且750℃以下，在T-50℃以上且T℃以下的温度范围保持10秒钟以上且500秒钟以下。
[4]如上述[1]～[3]中任一项记载的高强度熔融镀敷热轧钢板的制造方法，其中，在所述熔融镀敷处理后，进一步进行合金化处理。
[5]一种高强度熔融镀敷热轧钢板，以质量％计，其成分组成含有C：0.02％以上且0.30％以下、Si：0.01％以上且1.0％以下、Mn：0.3％以上且2.5％以下、P：0.08％以下、S：0.02％以下、Al：0.001％以上且0.20％以下，余量由Fe及不可避免的杂质构成，钢板表面的算术平均粗糙度Ra为2.0μm以下，钢板表面的α-Fe(211)面的平均残余应力σ满足-250MPa≤σ≤-30MPa，且所述高强度熔融镀敷热轧钢板具有590MPa以上的拉伸强度。
[6]如上述[5]中记载的高强度熔融镀敷热轧钢板，其中，作为成分组成，以质量％计，进一步含有以下元素中的一种或两种以上：Ti：0.01％以上且0.40％以下、Nb：0.001％以上且0.200％以下、V：0.001％以上且0.500％以下、Mo：0.01％以上且0.50％以下、W：0.001％以上且0.200％以下。
需要说明的是，本发明的高强度熔融镀敷热轧钢板的拉伸强度(TS)为590MPa以上，包括以热轧钢板为母材进行熔融镀敷处理的钢板、在进行了熔融镀敷处理后进一步进行合金化处理的钢板中的任意钢板。另外，作为镀敷，以镀Zn、镀Zn-Al、镀Al等镀敷作为对象。
另外，表面外观优异是指具有未确认到未镀敷、合金化不均的外观。发明效果
根据本发明，可得到表面外观及镀敷密合性优异的高强度熔融镀敷热轧钢板。由于能够耐受严苛的加工，由此在成型性方面极其有用，通过本发明获得的工业上的效果显著。
能够稳定地制造含有Si、Mn的熔融镀敷热轧钢板。而且，Si、Mn含量的限制有所缓和，因此，能够使用大量含有Si、Mn的母材，可以获得钢成分的设计变得容易等工业上的显著效果。
具体实施方式
以下，对本发明进行具体说明。
需要说明的是，在以下的说明中，钢成分组成的各元素含量的单位及镀敷的成分组成的各元素含量的单位均为“质量％”，在没有特别说明时，仅以“％”表示。另外，氢浓度的单位均为“体积％”，在没有特别说明时，仅以“％”表示。
本发明的表面外观及镀敷密合性优异的高强度熔融镀敷热轧钢板的特征在于，以质量％计，含有C：0.02％以上且0.30％以下、Si：0.01％以上且1.0％以下、Mn：0.3％以上且2.5％以下、P：0.08％以下、S：0.02％以下、Al：0.001％以上且0.20％以下，余量由Fe及不可避免的杂质构成，钢板表面的算术平均粗糙度Ra为2.0μm以下，钢板表面的α-Fe(211)面的平均残余应力σ满足-250MPa≤σ≤-30MPa，且具有590MPa以上的拉伸强度。即，本发明通过对热轧、酸洗后的钢板实施压下来降低钢板表面的粗糙度，抑制镀敷的附着量、反应不均。另外，其特征在于，通过在压下(轧制)时将残余应力导入钢板表面来促进Fe-Al、Fe-Zn反应，提高镀敷密合性。以上的结果是可得到表面外观及镀敷密合性优异的高强度熔融镀敷热轧钢板。
首先，对作为本发明的对象的表面外观及镀敷密合性优异的高强度熔融镀敷热轧钢板的钢成分组成的限定理由进行说明。
C：0.02％以上且0.30％以下
C(碳)越少母材的成型性越好，但通过含有C，可廉价地提高钢板的强度。因此，将C含量设为0.02％以上，优选为0.04％以上。另一方面，如果使其过量地含有C，则钢板的韧性、焊接性降低，因此将C含量设为0.30％以下，优选为0.20％以下。
Si：0.01％以上且1.0％以下
Si(硅)作为固溶强化元素是有效的，为了提高钢板的强度，需要为0.01％以上。然而，由于在过量含有Si时，熔融镀敷时的润湿性受损，合金化反应性受损，因此合金化的调整变得困难，导致镀敷外观、镀敷密合性、耐粉化性降低。由此，将Si含量设为0.01％以上且1.0％以下。
Mn：0.3％以上且2.5％以下
Mn(锰)是对提高钢的强度有用的元素。为了获得该效果，需要含有0.3％以上的Mn。然而，由于在过量含有Mn时，熔融镀敷时的润湿性受损，合金化反应性受损，因此合金化的调整变得困难，导致镀敷外观、镀敷密合性、耐粉化性降低。由此，将Mn含量设为0.3％以上且2.5％以下，优选为0.3％以上，优选为2.0％以下。
P：0.08％以下
当含有超过0.08％的P(磷)时，焊接性变差，并且表面品质变差。另外，在合金化处理时，如果不较高地设定合金化处理温度，则无法得到希望的合金化度，但在使合金化处理温度升高时，母材钢板的延展性变差，同时合金化熔融镀敷层的密合性变差。因此，P含量为0.08％以下。
S：0.02％以下
对于S(硫)而言，在于晶界发生偏析或大量生成MnS的情况下，会使韧性降低，因此需要将含量设为0.02％以下。S含量的下限没有特别限定，可以为杂质的程度。
Al：0.001％以上且0.20％以下
Al(铝)是为了钢液的脱氧而添加的，但在其含量低于0.001％的情况下，无法实现该目的。另一方面，如果含量超过0.20％，则大量生成夹杂物，成为钢板缺陷的原因。因此，Al含量为0.001％以上且0.20％以下。
余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
在本发明中，为了下述为目的，以质量％计，可以含有进一步含有以下元素中的一种或两种以上：Ti：0.01％以上且0.40％以下、Nb：0.001％以上且0.200％以下、V：0.001％以上且0.500％以下、Mo：0.01％以上且0.50％以下、W：0.001％以上且0.200％以下。
Ti(钛)、Nb(铌)、V(钒)、Mo(钼)及W(钨)是用于使析出物(特别是碳化物)在母材钢板中析出的必要元素，优选含有选自这些元素中的一种或两种以上。通常，这些元素在母材钢板中多以包含这些元素的析出物的形式含有。
在这些元素中，特别是从析出强化能力高、成本的观点考虑，Ti是有效的元素。然而，在含量低于0.01％的情况下，为了使合金化熔融镀敷层中含有析出物(特别是碳化物)所需要的母材钢板中的析出物量有时不足。如果超过0.40％，则其效果饱和，成本增高。因此，在含有Ti的情况下，Ti含量为0.01％以上且0.40％以下。
需要说明的，对于Nb、V、Mo、W而言，基于与上述Ti的含有范围的上限及下限相关的相同理由，在含有的情况下，Nb量为0.001％以上且0.200％以下，V量为0.001％以上且0.500％以下，Mo量为0.01％以上且0.50％以下，W量为0.001％以上且0.200％以下。
钢板表面的算术平均粗糙度Ra：2.0μm以下
在本发明中，通过控制钢板的表面粗糙度，使钢板表面的Fe-Al及Fe-Zn反应均匀化，使镀敷附着量不均减轻。使用算术平均粗糙度(Ra)作为钢板表面粗糙度，为了获得镀敷特性的改善效果，将Ra设为2.0μm以下。特别是在使用大量含有Si、Mn的母材的情况下，因以红色氧化皮为代表的氧化皮缺陷而使表面粗糙度增大，并且通过在退火时形成的Si、Mn氧化物而使合金化速度延迟，容易使合金化不均变得明显。与此相对，如果Ra为2.0μm以下，则使钢板表面的Fe-Al及Fe-Zn反应均匀化，可防止弯曲加工时的应力集中，表面外观、镀敷密合性及耐粉化性不会变差。需要说明的是，算术平均粗糙度Ra可以通过后述的实施例中记载的方法来测定。另外，通过将酸洗后的轧制的压下率设为1％以上且10％以下，即使在使用了大量含有Si、Mn的母材的情况下，也可以使钢板表面的算术平均粗糙度Ra为2.0μm以下。
钢板表面的α-Fe(211)面的平均残余应力σ满足：-250MPa≤σ≤-30MPa
在本发明中，通过将压缩残余应力导入母材表面，可提高Fe-Al反应性、Fe-Zn合金化反应性。另外，可促进酸洗后形成的氧化被膜的还原。为了获得这样的镀敷特性的改善效果，将上述残余应力设为-250MPa≤σ≤-30MPa。在超过-30MPa的情况下，压缩残余应力的导入不足，难以表现出镀敷特性的改善效果。在低于-250MPa的情况下，镀敷性特性的改善效果饱和，并且由此将大量的位错导入钢板表层，因此在镀敷处理前的退火中表层组织变得粗大，导致强度降低。由此，将钢板表面的α-Fe(211)面的平均残余应力σ设为-250MPa≤σ≤-30MPa。需要说明的是，通过将酸洗后的轧制的压下率设为1％以上且10％以下，可以将平均残余应力σ设为-250MPa≤σ≤-30MPa。
另外，在平均残余应力σ的测定中，使用等倾法，采用X射线衍射装置，根据来自任意的部位/方向的5个分析结果的平均，导出钢板的残余应力(σ)。可以根据α-Fe(211)面峰强度(S)的位移值(ΔS)与倾斜角度ψ的关系，按照式(1)计算出斜度(R)，结合钢材的杨氏模量(E)，通过下面的式(2)求出残余应力(σ)。
R＝ΔS/(sin2ψ)(1)
σ＝R×E(2)
接下来，对表面外观及镀敷密合性优异的高强度熔融镀敷热轧钢板的制造方法进行说明。
通过对具有上述成分组成的钢进行热轧、酸洗，接着以1％以上且10％以下的压下率进行轧制，然后进行熔融镀敷处理，可以制造本发明的高强度熔融镀敷热轧钢板。另外，优选在轧制后进行退火，在所述退火中，将炉内气体氛围设为氢浓度2体积％以上且20体积％以下、露点-60℃以上且-10℃以下，钢板到达温度(T)为650℃以上且750℃以下，在T-50℃以上且T℃以下的温度范围保持10秒钟以上且500秒钟以下。另外，在熔融镀敷处理后，可以进一步进行合金化处理。
热轧
热轧开始温度(钢坯加热温度)
为了进行Ti、Nb等的微细析出的分散，需要在进行热轧前使Ti、Nb等暂时溶解于钢板中。因此，热轧前的加热温度(钢坯加热温度)优选为1100℃以上。另一方面，在加热到超过1300℃的情况下，促进钢表层的内部氧化，存在表面性状变差的隐患。因此，热轧前的钢坯加热温度优选为1100℃以上且1300℃以下。
精轧温度
为了减小热轧时的变形阻力、容易操作，优选将精轧温度设为800℃以上。另一方面，在超过1000℃进行精轧的情况下，容易产生氧化皮缺陷，有时表面性状变差。因此，优选将精轧温度设为800℃以上且1000℃以下。
热轧卷取温度
本发明的钢板含有以Si、Mn、Ti为代表的易氧化性元素。因此，为了抑制钢板的过度氧化，确保良好的表面性状，热轧卷取温度优选为600℃以下。另一方面，在热轧卷取温度为400℃以下的情况下，容易产生因冷却不均导致的卷材性状不良，因此，存在生产性变差的隐患。因此，热轧卷取温度优选为400℃以上且600℃以下。
酸洗
通过热轧工序得到的热轧钢板通过酸洗实施脱氧化皮，然后实施轧制。酸洗没有特别限定，可以使用通常的方法。此时，在酸洗工序的前阶段可以实施5％以下的轧制。通过实施5％以下的压延，脱氧化皮性提高，有利于表面性状的改善。
以1％以上且10％以下的压下率进行轧制
为了改善钢板表面的镀敷性，在热轧、酸洗后实施轧制。轧制时的压下率设为1％以上且10％以下。通过实施压下，进行表面粗糙度的控制和将残余应力导入母材表面。通过将压下率设为1％以上，残余应力的导入变得充分，可以改善钢板表面的镀敷性。在压下率超过10％时，镀敷特性的改善效果饱和，并且因将大量位错导入钢板表层而在镀敷处理前的退火中使表层组织粗大化，导致强度降低。
退火
可以在熔融镀敷处理前进行退火。条件没有特别限定，优选钢板到达温度(T)为650℃以上且750℃以下，在T-50℃以上且T℃以下的温度范围保持10秒钟以上且500秒钟以下。在钢板到达温度为低于650℃的温度的情况下，酸洗后的氧化膜未被完全还原，有时无法获得希望的镀敷特性。另外，在高于750℃的温度时，Si、Mn等发生表面富集，存在镀敷性变差的隐患。另外，在T-50℃以上且T℃以下的温度范围的保持时间少于10秒钟的情况下，酸洗后的氧化膜未被完全还原，有时熔融镀敷外观和镀敷特性降低。另一方面，如果在T-50℃以上且T℃以下的温度范围保持时间多于500秒钟，则有时损害熔融镀敷钢板的生产性。
另外，优选将炉内气体氛围设为氢浓度2％以上且20％以下、露点-60℃以上且-10℃以下。炉内气体氛围只要为还原性即可，优选为露点-60℃以上且-10℃以下、氢浓度2％以上且20％以下、并且余量由非活性气体构成的气体氛围。如果露点高于-10℃，则在钢板表面生成的Si氧化物的形态容易成为膜状。另一方面，低于-60℃的露点在工业上难以实现。在氢浓度低于2％的情况下，还原性弱。如果超过20％，则在炉内气体氛围与大气接触的退火炉入口侧可能着火，难以稳定操作。在为20％以下时，可得到足够的还原能力。
熔融镀敷处理
在连续熔融镀敷线上，对上述钢板进行还原退火，然后使用熔融镀敷浴实施熔融镀敷处理。
对于熔融镀敷浴的组成而言，例如在熔融镀锌处理的情况下，设为Al浓度0.01％以上且1.0％以下的范围，使余量为Zn及不可避免的杂质。在Al浓度低于0.01％的情况下，镀敷处理时发生Zn-Fe合金化反应，在镀敷被膜与钢板(母材)的界面生成脆的合金层，镀敷密合性变差。在Al浓度超过1.0％时，Fe-Al合金层的生长变得明显，损害镀敷密合性。镀敷浴温度不需要特别限定，可以为通常操作范围的440℃以上且480℃以下。另外，镀敷附着量没有特别限定，从耐腐蚀性的观点考虑，优选为30g/m2以上，从加工性的观点考虑，优选为150g/m2以下。
合金化处理
如果合金化处理温度超过550℃，则在合金化处理时，在钢板(母材)与镀敷被膜的界面明显生成硬质且脆的Γ相，表面粗糙度增大，并且耐粉化性变差。因此，合金化处理温度优选为550℃以下，更优选为530℃以下。
从成本、控制上的问题考虑，优选将合金化处理时间设为10秒钟以上且60秒钟以下，更优选为40秒钟以内。
合金化处理的加热方法不需要特别限定，可以为辐射加热、通电加热、高频感应加热等公知的任意方法。在实施合金化处理后，冷却至常温。镀敷后的后处理不需要特别限定，可以实施基于调质轧制的材质调整、基于矫平等的平坦形状调整、以及根据需要实施的铬酸盐处理等通常进行的后处理。
实施例1
下面，基于实施例对本发明进行具体说明，但本发明不限于本实施例。
使用具有表1所示的成分的钢坯，在通常的铸造、热轧、酸洗后，在表2所示的条件下进行轧制、退火、熔融镀锌处理，进而对一部分进行合金化处理。
使用X射线衍射装置，根据来自任意部位/方向的10个分析结果的平均导出热轧酸洗后的钢板表面的残余应力(σ)。
在轧制方向及与轧制方向垂直的方向上测定算术平均粗糙度，对于各方向进行3次测定，钢板表面的算术平均粗糙度Ra为得到的结果的平均值。
在实施熔融镀锌处理时，在镀锌浴温度为460℃下进行，通过擦拭将每一面的附着量调整为50g/m2。在合金化温度为530℃下实施合金化处理。
对于通过以上得到的熔融镀锌热轧钢板，进行下述所示的试验，对拉伸特性、镀敷表面外观性及镀敷密合性(耐粉化性)进行了评价。将测定方法及评价基准示于以下。
拉伸特性
使用以拉伸方向为与钢板轧制方向成直角的方向的方式采集样品而得到的JIS5号试片、以及以拉伸方向与钢板轧制方向平行的方式采集样品而得到的JIS5号试片，按照JIS Z 2241(2011年)进行拉伸试验，对TS(拉伸强度)进行了测定。对于以拉伸方向为与钢板轧制方向成直角的方向的方式采集的样品、和以拉伸方向与钢板轧制方向平行的方式采集的样品而言，分别对各5根进行拉伸试验，将平均值作为拉伸强度(TS)，将拉伸强度(TS)为590MPa以上判断为良好。
镀敷表面外观性
对熔融镀敷后及合金化处理后的外观进行肉眼观察，将没有未镀敷、合金不均的情况评价为○，将有未镀敷、合金不均的情况评价为×。
镀敷密合性
通过钢球碰撞试验对熔融镀锌热轧钢板的镀敷密合性进行了评价。在球重量2.8kg、落下高度1m的条件下，进行钢球碰撞试验，对加工部进行胶带剥离，对镀敷层有无剥离进行肉眼观察判定。
○镀敷层无剥离
×镀敷层剥离
耐粉化性
通过对耐粉化性进行试验，对(合金化处理后的)熔融镀锌热轧钢板的镀敷密合性进行了评价。将透明胶带贴于合金化熔融镀敷钢板，对胶带面实施90度弯曲、弯曲复原，将胶带剥离。以利用荧光X射线测定的Zn计数的形式，对于从附着于剥离后的胶带的钢板上每10mm×40mm弯曲复原部剥离下的镀敷量进行了测定，按照下述基准进行了评价。
Figure BDA0001706287920000111
将以上得到的结果与制造条件一起示于表2。
Figure BDA0001706287920000121
Figure BDA0001706287920000131
由表2可知，本发明例的表面外观、镀敷密合性、耐粉化性均良好。另一方面，在比较例中，表面外观、镀敷密合性、耐粉化性中的任意一种以上差。
工业实用性
本发明的高强度熔融镀敷热轧钢板适于作为近年来快速进行了高强度化/薄壁化的汽车部件。

Claims (5)

1.一种高强度熔融镀敷热轧钢板的制造方法，该方法包括：对钢进行热轧、酸洗，接着以1％以上且10％以下的压下率进行轧制，然后进行熔融镀敷处理，其中，
以质量％计，所述钢的成分组成含有C：0.02％以上且0.30％以下、Si：0.01％以上且1.0％以下、Mn：0.3％以上且2.5％以下、P：0.08％以下、S：0.02％以下、Al：0.001％以上且0.20％以下，余量由Fe及不可避免的杂质构成，
其中，在所述轧制后、所述熔融镀敷处理前，进行退火，在所述退火中，将炉内气体氛围设为氢浓度2体积％以上且20体积％以下、露点-60℃以上且-10℃以下，钢板到达温度(T)超过650℃且为750℃以下，在T-50℃以上且T℃以下的温度范围保持10秒钟以上且500秒钟以下，
钢板表面的算术平均粗糙度Ra为2.0μm以下，钢板表面的α-Fe(211)面的平均残余应力σ满足-250MPa≤σ≤-30MPa，且所述高强度熔融镀敷热轧钢板具有590MPa以上的拉伸强度。
2.如权利要求1所述的高强度熔融镀敷热轧钢板的制造方法，其中，作为成分组成，以质量％计，进一步含有以下元素中的一种或两种以上：Ti：0.01％以上且0.40％以下、Nb：0.001％以上且0.200％以下、V：0.001％以上且0.500％以下、Mo：0.01％以上且0.50％以下、W：0.001％以上且0.200％以下。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的高强度熔融镀敷热轧钢板的制造方法，其中，在所述熔融镀敷处理后，进一步进行合金化处理。
4.一种高强度熔融镀敷热轧钢板，其是通过权利要求1～3中任一项所述的高强度熔融镀敷热轧钢板的制造方法得到的高强度熔融镀敷热轧钢板，
以质量％计，该高强度熔融镀敷热轧钢板的成分组成含有C：0.02％以上且0.30％以下、Si：0.01％以上且1.0％以下、Mn：0.3％以上且2.5％以下、P：0.08％以下、S：0.02％以下、Al：0.001％以上且0.20％以下，余量由Fe及不可避免的杂质构成，
钢板表面的算术平均粗糙度Ra为2.0μm以下，钢板表面的α-Fe(211)面的平均残余应力σ满足-250MPa≤σ≤-30MPa，且所述高强度熔融镀敷热轧钢板具有590MPa以上的拉伸强度。
5.如权利要求4所述的高强度熔融镀敷热轧钢板，其中，作为成分组成，以质量％计，进一步含有以下元素中的一种或两种以上：Ti：0.01％以上且0.40％以下、Nb：0.001％以上且0.200％以下、V：0.001％以上且0.500％以下、Mo：0.01％以上且0.50％以下、W：0.001％以上且0.200％以下。
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