CN108468002B - 一种层状铝基中子吸收板的制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
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- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种层状铝基中子吸收板的制备方法,是针对核电站乏燃料储存格架中子辐射屏蔽的保护要求,采用铝粉、碳化硼粉、铜粉、硅粉、硼酸、碳纤维为原料,经粉末冶金制坯、轧制,制成致密的层状铝基中子吸收板,中子吸收板为银白色,中子吸收率达99%,各层之间界面明显、相互渗透,颗粒与基体连接紧密,抗拉强度达240MPa,伸长率为7%,此制备方法工艺先进合理,参数准确翔实,是先进的制备层状铝基中子吸收板的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种层状铝基中子吸收板的制备方法,属于有色金属制备及应用的技术领域。
背景技术
碳化硼中硼的同位素B10具有较大的中子吸收截面,常被用于中子吸收材料中的中子吸收体;碳元素有着较高的中子反射截面,在金属基碳化硼中添加碳纤维,可以增大中子在金属基碳化硼中的反射次数,从而提高中子被B10元素吸收的概率;金属基碳化硼中子吸收材料随着碳化硼的含量增加使得材料的强度大幅提高,但碳化硼含量的增加又使得材料的塑性变差,在基体中混合碳纤维可以增加材料的强度,使材料的塑性得以改善。
将碳化硼和碳纤维添加到铝基体当中,制成碳纤维增强铝基碳化硼复合材料,是一种优良的中子吸收材料;但是,在制备过程中,由于碳纤维特殊的纤维结构,很难与碳化硼粉和铝粉均匀混合;又由于中子吸收性能的要求,复合材料中碳化硼的含量要大于30%,当高含量碳化硼和碳纤维混合加入到金属基体时,会导致金属基体的塑形变差,使得金属基复合材料在挤压、轧制过程中发生开裂现象,难以制备成大尺寸的板材,使铝基中子吸收材料的应用受到了很大局限。
发明内容
发明目的
本发明的目的是针对背景技术的状况,以铝合金粉、碳化硼粉、碳纤维为原材料;经过除气预处理,铺粉、压制、真空烧结、轧制,制成层状掺杂碳化硼和碳纤维的铝合金基复合板,以提高铝基中子吸收板的力学性能和屏蔽性能。
技术方案
本发明使用的化学物质材料为:铝合金粉、碳化硼粉、碳纤维、无水乙醇、硼酸、硅粉、铜粉、石墨纸,其准备用量如下:以克、毫升、毫米为计量单位
(1)精选化学物质材料
对制备所需的化学物质材料进行精选,并进行质量纯度控制:
(2)制作开合式模具
开合式模具用不锈钢材料制作,模具型腔为矩形腔体,型腔尺寸为30mm×30mm×60mm,型腔表面粗糙度为:Ra0.08—0.16um;
(3)制粉
称取铝合金粉47.36g±0.01g,碳化硼粉11.84g±0.01g,铜粉0.6g±0.01g,硅粉0.44g±0.01g,硼酸0.72g±0.01g,置于球磨机内进行球磨,球磨转数200r/min,球磨时间60min,球磨后成混合细粉,备用;
(4)装模
将开合式模具垂直置于钢质平板上,在开合式模具底部置放石墨垫块,在石墨垫块上部置放石墨纸,在石墨纸上部置放混合细粉29.59g±0.01g,为第一层;
在第一层上部均匀铺设碳纤维1.46g±0.01g,为第二层;在第二层上部均匀铺设铝合金粉56.38g±0.01g,为第三层;
在第三层上部均匀铺设碳纤维1.46g±0.01g,为第四层;在第四层上部均匀铺设混合细粉29.59g±0.01g,为第五层;
在第五层上部铺设第二层石墨纸,在第二层石墨纸上部置放石墨压块;
(5)粉末冶金烧结制坯
①将装模的开合式模具垂直移入真空热压烧结炉内的工作台上;真空热压烧结炉的上压块及压力电机垂直压住开合式模具上部的石墨压块,密闭;
②开启真空泵,抽取炉内空气,使炉内压强恒定在1Pa;
③开启真空热压烧结炉的等离子放电加热器,加热温度500℃±1℃;
开启压力电机,对开合式模具型腔垂直施压,施压压强20MPa,恒温施压时间30min;继续加热至585℃±1℃,继续施压,施压压强40MPa,恒温施压时间30min;
④停止加热、施压,开合式模具及其内的坯料随炉冷却至25℃;
⑤关闭真空泵,开炉取出开合式模具;开模,取出坯料,即为层状铝基中子吸收坯料;
(6)清理、打磨、清洗
将坯料置于钢质平板上,用砂纸打磨坯料各部;然后用无水乙醇进行清洗,清洗后晾干;
(7)加热保温
将坯料置于热处理炉中,进行加热保温,加热温度200℃,并恒温;
(8)轧制
坯料的轧制是在辊轧机上进行的,是在加热、辊轧过程中完成的;
将加热的坯料置于辊轧机的上轧辊和下轧辊之间,轧制方向由左向右轧制,上轧辊转动方向为逆时针转动,下轧辊转动方向为顺时针转动;
上轧辊和下轧辊转动速度为10r/min;
轧制道次为六道次;
轧制后成层状铝基中子吸收板;
(9)清洗
将层状铝基中子吸收板用无水乙醇清洗,清洗后晾干;
(10)检测、分析、表征
对制备的层状铝基中子吸收板的色泽、形貌、金相组织、显微硬度、中子吸收率进行检测、分析、表征;
用中子注量率仪进行中子吸收率检测分析;
用电子显微镜和扫描电镜进行金相组织、微观组织形貌分析;
用显微硬度仪进行显微硬度分析;
用万能试验机进行抗弯、抗拉强度分析;
结论:层状铝基中子吸收板为银白色,中子吸收率达99%,各层之间界面明显、相互渗透,颗粒与基体连接紧密,抗拉强度达240MPa,伸长率为7%;
(11)储存
对制备的层状铝基中子吸板用软质材料包装,储存于干燥、洁净环境,要防水、防潮、防酸碱盐侵蚀,储存温度20℃,相对湿度10%。
有益效果
本发明与背景技术相比具有明显的先进性,是针对核电站乏燃料储存格架中子辐射屏蔽保护的需求,制备层状铝基中子吸收板,采用铝粉、碳化硼粉、碳纤维粉分层铺排,经粉末冶金制成坯料,再将坯料进行轧制,制成致密度高的层状铝基中子吸收板,中子吸收板为银白色,中子吸收率达99%,各层之间界面明显、相互渗透,颗粒与基体连接紧密,抗拉强度达240MPa,伸长率为7%,此制备方法工艺先进合理,参数准确翔实,是先进的制备层状铝基中子吸收板的方法。
附图说明
图1、层状铝基中子吸收材料装模状态图
图2、层状铝基中子吸收板轧制状态图
图3、层状铝基中子吸收界面分层形貌图
图4、层状铝基中子吸收板拉伸断口形貌图
图中所示,附图标记清单如下:
1、开合式模具,2、模具型腔,3、第一开合架,4、第二开合架,5、第三开合架,6、第四开合架,7、石墨垫块,8、第一石墨纸层,9、第一混合细粉层,10、第一碳纤维层,11、铝合金粉层,12、第二碳纤维层,13、第二混合细粉层,14、第二石墨纸层,15、石墨压块,16、辊轧机,17、左立柱,18、右立柱,19、顶座,20、上轧辊加热转动装置,21、上轧辊,22、下轧辊,23、下轧辊加热转动装置,24、层状铝基中子吸收板,25、液晶显示屏,26、指示灯,27、电源开关,28、上轧辊加热转动控制器,29、下轧辊加热转动控制器。
具体实施方式:
以下结合附图对本发明做进一步说明:
图1所示,为层状铝基中子吸收材料装模状态图,开合式模具1呈矩形,由第一开合架3、第二开合架4、第三开合架5、第四开合架6组装固定,内部为型腔2;在型腔2内底部为石墨垫块7,在石墨垫块7上部依次铺设第一石墨纸层8、第一混合细粉层9、第一碳纤维层10、铝合金粉层11、第二碳纤维层12、第二混合细粉层13、第二石墨纸层14,在第二石墨纸层14上部由石墨垫块15压住。
图2所示,为层状铝基中子吸收板轧制状态图,各部位置、连接关系要正确、按序轧制。
辊轧机为立式,辊轧机16上左部为左立柱17、上右部为右立柱18、顶部为顶座19;在顶座19下部设有上轧辊加热转动装置20,上轧辊加热转动装置20下部连接上轧辊21;在辊轧机16中间上部设有下轧辊加热转动装置23,下轧辊加热转动装置23上部连接下轧辊22;上轧辊21、下轧辊22之间为层状铝基中子吸收板24;上轧辊21转动方向为逆时针转动,下轧辊22转动方向顺时针转动,层状铝基中子吸收板24由左向右轧制;在辊轧机16上设有液晶显示屏25、指示灯26、电源开关27、上轧辊加热转动控制器28、下轧辊加热转动控制器29。
图3所示,为层状铝基中子吸收板界面分层形貌图,图中所示:层与层之间界面明显,相互渗透,界面结合良好。
图4所示,为层状铝基中子吸收板拉伸断口形貌图,图中所示:韧性断口和脆性断口交替分布,表明层状铝基中子吸收板有良好的力学性能。
Claims (3)
1.一种层状铝基中子吸收板的制备方法,其特征在于:
使用的化学物质材料为:铝合金粉、碳化硼粉、碳纤维、无水乙醇、硼酸、硅粉、铜粉、石墨纸,其准备用量如下:以克、毫升、毫米为计量单位
(1)精选化学物质材料
对制备使用的化学物质材料进行精选,并进行质量纯度控制:
(2)制作开合式模具
开合式模具用不锈钢材料制作,模具型腔为矩形腔体,型腔尺寸为30mm×30mm×60mm,型腔表面粗糙度为:Ra0.08—0.16um;
(3)制粉
称取铝合金粉39.7g±0.01g,碳化硼粉17g±0.01g,铜粉0.6g±0.01g,硅粉0.44g±0.01g,硼酸0.72g±0.01g,置于球磨机内进行球磨,球磨转数200r/min,球磨时间60min,球磨后成混合细粉,备用;
(4)装模
将开合式模具垂直置于钢质平板上,在开合式模具底部置放石墨垫块,在石墨垫块上部置放石墨纸,在石墨纸上部置放混合细粉29.59g±0.01g,为第一层;
在第一层上部均匀铺设碳纤维1.46g±0.01g,为第二层;在第二层上部均匀铺设铝合金粉56.38g±0.01g,为第三层;
在第三层上部均匀铺设碳纤维1.46g±0.01g,为第四层;在第四层上部均匀铺设混合细粉29.59g±0.01g,为第五层;
在第五层上部铺设第二层石墨纸,在第二层石墨纸上部置放石墨压块;
(5)粉末冶金烧结制坯
①将装模的开合式模具垂直移入真空热压烧结炉内的工作台上;真空热压烧结炉的上压块及压力电机垂直压住开合式模具上部的石墨压块,密闭;
②开启真空泵,抽取炉内空气,使炉内压强恒定在1Pa;
③开启真空热压烧结炉的等离子放电加热器,加热温度500℃±1℃;
开启压力电机,对开合式模具型腔垂直施压,施压压强20MPa,恒温施压时间30min;继续加热至585℃±1℃,继续施压,施压压强40MPa,恒温施压时间30min;
④停止加热、施压,开合式模具及其内的坯料随炉冷却至25℃;
⑤关闭真空泵,开炉取出开合式模具;开模,取出坯料,即为层状铝基中子吸收坯料;
(6)清理、打磨、清洗
将坯料置于钢质平板上,用砂纸打磨坯料各部;然后用无水乙醇进行清洗,清洗后晾干;
(7)加热保温
将坯料置于热处理炉中,进行加热保温,加热温度200℃,并恒温;
(8)轧制
坯料的轧制是在辊轧机上进行的,是在加热、辊轧过程中完成的;
将加热的坯料置于辊轧机的上轧辊和下轧辊之间,轧制方向由左向右轧制,上轧辊转动方向为逆时针转动,下轧辊转动方向为顺时针转动;
上轧辊和下轧辊转动速度为10r/min;
轧制道次为六道次;
轧制后成层状铝基中子吸收板;
(9)清洗
将层状铝基中子吸收板用无水乙醇清洗,清洗后晾干;
(10)检测、分析、表征
对制备的层状铝基中子吸收板的色泽、形貌、金相组织、显微硬度、中子吸收率进行检测、分析、表征;
用中子注量率仪进行中子吸收率检测分析;
用电子显微镜和扫描电镜进行金相组织、微观组织形貌分析;
用显微硬度仪进行显微硬度分析;
用万能试验机进行抗弯、抗拉强度分析;
结论:层状铝基中子吸收板为银白色,中子吸收率达99%,各层之间界面明显、相互渗透,颗粒与基体连接紧密,抗拉强度达240MPa,伸长率为7%;
(11)储存
对制备的层状铝基中子吸板用软质材料包装,储存于干燥、洁净环境,要防水、防潮、防酸碱盐侵蚀,储存温度20℃,相对湿度10%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种层状铝基中子吸收板的制备方法,其特征在于:
开合式模具(1)呈矩形,由第一开合架(3)、第二开合架(4)、第三开合架(5)、第四开合架(6)组装固定,内部为型腔(2);在型腔(2)内底部为石墨垫块(7),在石墨垫块(7)上部依次铺设第一石墨纸层(8)、第一混合细粉层(9)、第一碳纤维层(10)、铝合金粉层(11)、第二碳纤维层(12)、第二混合细粉层(13)、第二石墨纸层(14),在第二石墨纸层(14)上部由石墨压块(15)压住。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种层状铝基中子吸收板的制备方法,其特征在于:
辊轧机为立式,辊轧机(16)上左部为左立柱(17)、上右部为右立柱(18)、顶部为顶座(19);在顶座(19)下部设有上轧辊加热转动装置(20),上轧辊加热转动装置(20)下部连接上轧辊(21);在辊轧机(16)中间上部设有下轧辊加热转动装置(23),下轧辊加热转动装置(23)上部连接下轧辊(22);上轧辊(21)、下轧辊(22)之间为层状铝基中子吸收板(24);上轧辊(21)转动方向为逆时针转动,下轧辊(22)转动方向顺时针转动,层状铝基中子吸收板(24)由左向右轧制;在辊轧机(16)上设有液晶显示屏(25)、指示灯(26)、电源开关(27)、上轧辊加热转动控制器(28)、下轧辊加热转动控制器(29)。
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