CN108456831A - 高强度熔融镀锌钢板、高强度合金化熔融镀锌钢板、及它们的制造方法 - Google Patents
高强度熔融镀锌钢板、高强度合金化熔融镀锌钢板、及它们的制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108456831A CN108456831A CN201810211606.8A CN201810211606A CN108456831A CN 108456831 A CN108456831 A CN 108456831A CN 201810211606 A CN201810211606 A CN 201810211606A CN 108456831 A CN108456831 A CN 108456831A
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Classifications
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Abstract
提供一种改善高强度熔融镀锌钢板的弯曲加工性,并且减少了板宽方向的中央部与端部的强度差的高强度熔融镀锌钢板及其制造方法。上述钢板,是在含有C、Mn、P、S、Al、满足下式(1)的量的Ti、B和N,根据需要含有Si,余量由铁和不可避免的杂质构成的基体钢板的表面具有熔融镀锌层的熔融镀锌钢板,所述基体钢板的金属组织具有马氏体、贝氏体和铁素体,相对于所述金属组织全体的比率满足所述马氏体为50面积%以上,所述贝氏体为15~50面积%,所述铁素体为5面积%以下。0.005×[Mn]+0.02×[B]1/2+0.025≤[Ti]≤0.15...(1)。
Description
本申请是申请人于2013年03月22日提交的国际申请号PCT/JP2013/058355,进入中国国家阶段的申请号为201380016272.4、发明名称为“板宽方向的中央部与端部的强度差小,弯曲加工性优异的高强度熔融镀锌钢板、高强度合金化熔融镀锌钢板、及其制造方法”的申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及高强度熔融镀锌钢板和高强度合金化熔融镀锌钢板、及其制造方法。
背景技术
高强度钢板在汽车、运输机、家电制品、建材等广范用途中被使用。例如,在汽车和运输机等中,为了实现低油耗化,期望使用高强度钢板使汽车等轻量化。另外,对于汽车等还要求碰撞安全性,对于柱等结构部件和保险杠、防撞梁等增强部件也要求进一步的高强度化。
在这样的高强度钢板之中,对于要求有防锈性的构件而言,使用的是在基体钢板的表面形成有熔融镀锌层的高强度熔融镀锌钢板(以下,仅称为GI钢板。),或对于GI钢板实施了合金化处理的高强度合金化熔融镀锌钢板(以下,仅称为GA钢板。)。
但是,若使上述钢板高强度化,则有在进行弯曲加工时容易发生裂纹,弯曲加工性劣化这样的问题。
因此要求不使钢板的弯曲加工性而进行高强度化。
不使GI钢板的弯曲加工性劣化而提高强度的技术在专利文献1~3中公开。但是这些文献所公开示的GI钢板的金属组织均大量含有铁素体,因此得不到期望的强度。
本发明人在专利文献4中提出一种弯曲加工性优异的抗拉强度为1100MPa以上的超高强度钢板。该超高强度钢板的特征在于,含有Si为0.5~2.5%,钢板的金属组织,具有马氏体、作为软质相的贝氏体铁素体和多边铁素体。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2010-275628号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2008-280608号公报
专利文献3:日本特开2009-149937号公报
专利文献4:日本特开2011-225975号公报
发明所要解决的课题
上述GI钢板通常是对冷轧钢板实施均热处理后,经过冷却之后实施熔融镀锌而制造的,GA钢板是对GI钢板实施合金化处理而制造的。不过,在GI钢板和GA钢板的板宽方向的中央部与端部,抗拉强度会发生偏差,有时强度差变大。但是在上述专利文献1~4中,对于板宽方向的中央部与端部的强度差未予考虑。
发明内容
本发明是着眼于上述这样的情况而完成的,其目的在于,提供一种改善高强度熔融镀锌钢板(GI钢板)和高强度合金化熔融镀锌钢板(GA钢板)的弯曲加工性,并且减少了板宽方向的中央部与端部的强度差的高强度熔融镀锌钢板、高强度合金化熔融镀锌钢板、及其制造方法。
用于解决课题的手段
能够解决上述课题的本发明的高强度熔融镀锌钢板(GI钢板),是在满足C:0.05~0.25%(代表质量%。以下、涉及成分均相同。)、Si:0.5%以下、Mn:2.0~4%、P:0.1%以下、S:0.05%以下、Al:0.01~0.1%、满足下式(1)的量的Ti、B:0.0003~0.005%、和N:0.01%以下,余量由铁和不可避免的杂质构成的基体钢板的表面具有熔融镀锌层的熔融镀锌钢板,在如下方面具有要点:所述基体钢板的金属组织具有马氏体、贝氏体和铁素体,相对于所述金属组织全体的比率满足所述马氏体为50面积%以上,所述贝氏体为15~50面积%,所述铁素体为5面积%以下。在下式(1)中,[]表示各元素的含量(质量%)。
0.005×[Mn]+0.02×[B]1/2+0.025≤[Ti]≤0.15…(1)
所述基体钢板,作为其它元素,也可以还含有如下:
(a)Cr:1%以下(不含0%)和Mo:1%以下(不含0%)的至少一种;
(b)Nb:0.2%以下(不含0%)和V:0.2%以下(不含0%)的至少一种;
(c)Cu:1%以下(不含0%)和Ni:1%以下(不含0%)的至少一种。
在本发明中还包含使用上述高强度熔融镀锌钢板得到的高强度合金化熔融镀锌钢板。
本发明的上述高强度熔融镀锌钢板能够通过如下方式制造:对于满足上述成分组成的冷轧钢板(基体钢板),以Ac3点以上的温度进行均热处理后,以3℃/秒以上的平均冷却速度冷却至500℃以下且380℃以上的冷却停止温度之后保持15秒以上,实施熔融镀锌。
本发明的高强度合金化熔融镀锌钢板能够通过在实施了上述熔融镀锌之后,进行合金化处理而制造。
发明效果
根据本发明,使构成高强度熔融镀锌钢板或高强度合金化熔融镀锌钢板的基体钢板的金属组织成为具有马氏体和贝氏体的混合组织,并且减少了铁素体,因此能够改善弯曲加工性。另外,在上述基体钢板的成分组成之中,因为基于Mn量和B量适当地调整Ti含量,所以能够减少板宽方向的中央部与端部的强度差。
附图说明
图1是用于说明本发明的制造条件的示意图。
图2是表示实施例中求得的[Ti]-Z值与强度差率的关系的标绘图。
具体实施方式
本发明人如上述专利文献4所提出的那样,认为弯曲加工时的裂纹由于应力在软质相(铁素体)与硬质相(马氏体)的界面集中而发生。因此为了抑制裂纹的发生,需要减少软质相与硬质相的硬度差。为此,在本发明中,使金属组织成为将软质的铁素体抑制在5%以下的马氏体和贝氏体的混合组织,在成分组成之中,将C量抑制在0.25%以下,从而降低马氏体的硬度。
但是,若为了改善弯曲加工性而使金属组织以上述方式实质上成为马氏体与贝氏体的混合组织,则在实施熔融镀锌处理前进行的均热处理后的冷却过程中,冷却停止时在板宽方向对板温产生差,从而贝氏体相变速度在板宽方向不同,板宽方向的中央部与端部发生强度差。
因此,本发明人为了减少该强度差而进一步反复研究。其结果发现,利用贝氏体相变放热即可。即,在均热处理后的冷却过程中,如果在冷却停止后的低温保持初期,在端部利用贝氏体相变放热而使板温上升,则能够抑制低温保持后半时的贝氏体相变。为了利用这样的贝氏体相变放热,需要使贝氏体相对于金属组织全体的比率为15面积%以上。另外,为了促进低温保持初期的贝氏体相变,积极地添加Ti来实现奥氏体的微细化。不过,若大量含有贝氏体相变抑制效果高的Mn和B,则低温保持初期的贝氏体相变会受到抑制,因此在本发明中,需要基于Mn量和B量适当地设定Ti量的下限值。
以下,使用GI钢板作为代表例,具体地进行说明。本发明的GI钢板是在基体钢板(代表实施熔融镀锌前的钢板)的表面具有熔融镀锌层的钢板。但是,本发明不限定为GI钢板,也包含GA钢板。
上述基体钢板的金属组织的特征在于,具有马氏体、贝氏体和铁素体,相对于金属组织全体的比率满足马氏体为50面积%以上,贝氏体为15~50面积%,铁素体为5面积%以下。即,使作为硬质相的马氏体为主体,使硬度比铁素体相对高的贝氏体为第2相,由此减少马氏体与第2相的硬度差,改善弯曲加工性。另外,在本发明中,如后所述,通过将基体钢板中含有的C量抑制在0.25%以下,从而降低马氏体的硬度,尽可能地缩小与贝氏体的硬度差。
上述马氏体是用于提高GI钢板的抗拉强度所需要的组织。若马氏体相对于金属组织全体而低于50面积%,则不能确保强度。因此,马氏体为50面积%以上,优选为60面积%以上,更优选为70面积%以上。为了确保后述的贝氏体的生成量,马氏体的上限为85面积%即可。还有,若马氏体变多,则延伸率劣化,强度、延伸率平衡有变差的倾向。因此,马氏体更优选为80面积%以下。
上述贝氏体相比铁素体为硬质,因此通过使第2相为贝氏体,能够缩小与马氏体的硬度差,能够提高弯曲加工性。为了确保贝氏体相变带来的放热量,抑制板宽方向的端部的贝氏体相变,贝氏体相对于金属组织全体为15面积%以上,优选为20面积%以上,更优选为25面积%以上。为了确保上述的马氏体的生成量,上限为50面积%以下。还有,若贝氏体变多,则难以确保强度,因此,优选贝氏体为45面积%以下,更优选为40面积%以下。
本发明的全部组织可以只由上述的马氏体和贝氏体的构成,但在不损害本发明的作用的范围内也可以含有铁素体。但是,铁素体相对于金属组织全体需要抑制在5面积%以下。铁素体优选为4面积%以下,更优选为3面积%以下,最优选为0面积%。
上述马氏体、贝氏体和铁素体的面积率是在构成GI钢板或GA钢板的基体钢板的板宽方向的中央部的面积率,满足上述范围即可。具体来说,在相对于上述基体钢板的板宽方向垂直的截面中,从t/4位置(t为板厚)切下试样,进行硝酸乙醇腐蚀液腐蚀,对于截面的任意的位置的测定区域(约20μm×约20μm)进行扫描型电子显微镜(SEM)观察(观察倍率1500倍),计算面积率即可。
上述基体钢板的特征在于,含有Mn为2.0~4%,B为0.0003~0.005%,并且含有满足下式(1)的量的Ti。在下式(1)中,[]表示各元素的含量(质量%)。
0.005×[Mn]+0.02×[B]1/2+0.025≤[Ti]≤0.15…(1)
Ti如上述这样,是使奥氏体微细化,在板宽方向的端部促进低温保持初期的贝氏体相变,使贝氏体相变放热产生,而抑制低温保持后半时的贝氏体相变的元素。为了发挥这样的作用,在本发明中,基于作为贝氏体相变抑制元素的Mn量和B量设定Ti量。
其中,Mn抑制铁素体和贝氏体的生成,促进马氏体的生成,是对于提高强度有效发挥作用的元素。另外,Mn是提高淬火性的元素。因此Mn为2.0%以上,优选为2.2%以上,更优选为2.4%以上。但是,若过剩地含有Mn,则镀敷性变差。另外,若过剩地含有而Mn偏析,则强度降低。此外,Mn助长P的晶界偏析,是引起晶界脆化的元素。因此Mn为4%以下,优选为3.5%以下,更优选为3.0%以下。
另外,B与Mn同样,抑制铁素体和贝氏体的生成,促进马氏体的生成,是对于提高强度有效发挥作用的元素。另外,B是提高淬火性的元素。因此需要使B含有0.0003%以上,优选为0.0005%以上,更优选为0.001%以上。但是,若过剩地含有,则硼化物析出而弯曲加工性劣化,或热加工性劣化。因此B为0.005%以下,优选为0.0045%以下,更优选为0.0040%以下。
为了发挥上述的Ti添加带来的贝氏体相变促进作用,需要使Ti含有基于基体钢板所含的Mn量与B量而确定的上述式(1)的左边值(0.005×[Mn]+0.02×[B]1/2+0.025;以下,称为Z值。)以上。式(1)的左边值(Z值)是本发明人反复实验而发现的,各系数表示对贝氏体相变的抑制施加影响的贡献率。但是,若过剩地含有Ti,则TiC等的微细碳化物析出,弯曲加工性劣化。因此Ti为0.15%以下,优选为0.1%以下,更优选为0.09%以下。
上述基体钢板是作为合金元素含有上述Mn、B、Ti的钢板,其它成分组成需要满足C:0.05~0.25%、Si:0.5%以下、P:0.1%以下、S:0.05%以下、Al:0.01~0.1%和N:0.01%以下。确定该范围的理由如下。
C使淬火性提高,另外是为了使马氏体硬质化而确保基体钢板的强度所不能缺少的元素。因此C为0.05%以上,优选为0.10%以上,更优选为0.13%以上。但是,若C超过0.25%,则马氏体过于硬质化,与贝氏体和铁素体的硬度差变大,因此弯曲加工性劣化。因此C为0.25%以下,优选为0.20%以下,更优选为0.18%以下。
Si作为固溶强化元素发挥作用,使基体钢板强化,在提高强度上发挥作用。但是,因为Si是促进铁素体的生成的元素,所以若过剩地含有,则铁素体大量生成,与马氏体和贝氏体的硬度差变大,弯曲加工性反而劣化。另外,若过剩地含有Si,则镀敷性变差。因此Si为0.5%以下,优选为0.4%以下,更优选为0.3%以下。Si也可以为0%(即,低于检测界限)。
P作为固溶强化元素发挥作用,使基体钢板强化,在提高强度上发挥作用。但是,若过剩地含有,则使焊接性、弯曲加工性、韧性劣化,因此优选尽可能减少P。因此P为0.1%以下,优选为0.03%以下,更优选为0.015%以下。
S在基体钢板中形成硫化物系夹杂物(例如,MnS等),该夹杂物为裂纹的起点,成为使弯曲加工性劣化的原因。因此S为0.05%以下,优选为0.01%以下,更优选为0.008%以下。
Al是作为脱氧剂发挥作用的元素。因此Al为0.01%以上,优选为0.02%以上,更优选为0.030%以上。但是,若过剩地含有Al,则含Al夹杂物(例如,氧化铝等氧化物等)增加,成为使韧性和弯曲加工性劣化的原因。因此,Al为0.1%以下,优选为0.08%以下,更优选为0.05%以下。
N是不可避免地含有的元素,若过剩地含有,则使弯曲加工性劣化。另外,与钢中的B结合而使BN析出,阻碍B带来的淬火性提高作用,因此优选尽可能减少N。因此N为0.01%以下,优选为0.008%以下,更优选为0.005%以下。
上述基体钢板的基本成分组成如上所述,余量是铁和不可避免的杂质。
上述基体钢板还可以含有以下(a)~(c)所示的合金元素作为其它元素。
[(a)Cr:1%以下(不含0%)和Mo:1%以下(不含0%)的至少一种]
Cr和Mo均使淬火性提高,是作用于提高基体钢板的强度的元素。Cr和Mo可以单独添加,也可以并用。
特别是Cr抑制渗碳体的生成和生长,是对于改善弯曲加工性也发挥作用的元素。为了有效地发挥这样的作用,优选使Cr含有0.01%以上,更优选为0.03%以上,进一步优选为0.05%以上。但是,若过剩地含有Cr,则镀敷性变差。另外,若过剩地含有Cr,则Cr碳化物大量生成,弯曲加工性劣化。因此Cr优选为1%以下,更优选为0.8%以下,进一步优选为0.7%以下,特别优选为0.4%以下。
为了有效地发挥Mo添加带来的强度提高作用,优选使Mo含有0.01%以上,更优选为0.03%以上,进一步优选为0.05%以上。但是,即使过剩地含有Mo,添加效果也饱和且成本升高。因此Mo优选为1%以下,更优选为0.5%以下,进一步优选为0.3%以下。
[(b)Nb:0.2%以下(不含0%)和V:0.2%以下(不含0%)的至少一种]
Nb和V均使金属组织微细化,是对于提高基体钢板的弯曲加工性起作用的元素。为了有效地发挥这样的作用,优选使Nb含有0.01%以上,更优选为0.02%以上,进一步优选为0.03%以上。优选使V含有0.01%以上,更优选为0.02%以上,进一步优选为0.03%以上。但是,若过剩地含有Nb和V,则微细碳化物大量析出,弯曲加工性劣化。因此,Nb优选为0.2%以下,更优选为0.15%以下,进一步优选为0.1%以下。V优选为0.2%以下,更优选为0.15%以下,进一步优选为0.1%以下。Nb和V可以单独添加,也可以并用。
[(c)Cu:1%以下(不含0%)和Ni:1%以下(不含0%)的至少一种]
Cu和Ni均是在基体钢板的强度提高上发挥作用的元素。为了有效地发挥这样的作用,优选使Cu含有0.01%以上,更优选为0.05%以上,进一步优选为0.1%以上。优选使Ni含有0.01%以上,更优选为0.05%以上,进一步优选为0.1%以上。但是,若过剩地含有Cu和Ni,则热加工性劣化。因此Cu优选为1%以下,更优选为0.8%以下,进一步优选为0.5%以下。Ni优选为1%以下,更优选为0.8%以下,进一步优选为0.5%以下。Cu和Ni可以单独添加,也可以并用。
以上,使用本发明的GI钢板作为代表例进行了说明。
上述GI钢板的熔融镀锌层也可以进行合金化,在本发明中,也包括对于上述GI钢板实施合金化处理而得到的GA钢板。
接下来,对于本发明的GI钢板和GA钢板的制造方法进行说明。
为了使构成GI钢板和GA钢板的基体钢板的金属组织以马氏体为主体,并生成规定量的贝氏体,抑制铁素体的生成,重要的是适当地控制均热条件和均热后的冷却条件。即,对于满足上述成分组成的冷轧钢板,以Ac3点以上的奥氏体单相域的温度进行均热处理,由此抑制铁素体的生成,并且促进马氏体的生成。均热处理后,以3℃/秒以上的平均冷却速度冷却至500℃以下且380℃以上的冷却停止温度之后保持15秒以上,由此使马氏体和贝氏体生成即可。
首先,对于本发明的GI钢板的制造方法具体地进行说明。
准备具有上述成分组成的热轧钢板。热轧可以遵循常规方法进行,但为了确保终轧温度,另外防止奥氏体晶粒的粗大化,优选加热温度为1150~1300℃左右。终轧优选以不形成阻碍加工性的集合组织的方式,使终轧温度为850~950℃而进行,并进行卷取。
热轧后,根据需要遵循常规方法酸洗后,进行冷轧而制造冷轧钢板(基体钢板)即可。冷轧钢板的板宽为例如500mm以上,根据本发明,即使板宽为500mm以上,也能够降低板宽方向的中央部与端部的强度差。
冷轧后,如图1所示,加热保持在Ac3点以上的温度而进行均热处理,由此能够抑制铁素体的生成,促进马氏体的生成。若均热处理温度低于Ac3点,则铁素体大量生成,马氏体的生成受到抑制,不能提高强度。因此,均热处理温度为Ac3点以上,优选为Ac3点+10℃以上。但是,虽然均热处理温度的上限没有特别限定,但若超过Ac3点+70℃,则奥氏体晶粒粗大化,弯曲加工性劣化。因此均热处理温度优选为Ac3点+70℃以下,更优选为Ac3点+60℃以下。
还有,Ac3点(加热时铁素体相变结束温度)依据下式(i)计算。式中[]表示各元素的含量(质量%),对于未含有的元素,代入0质量%计算即可。该式记载于“莱斯利铁钢材料学”(丸善株式会社发行,WilliamC.Leslie著,p273)。
Ac3(℃)=910-203×[C]1/2-15.2×[Ni]+44.7×[Si]+104×[V]+31.5×[Mo]+13.1×[W]-{30×[Mn]+11×[Cr]+20×[Cu]-700×[P]-400×[Al]-120×[As]-400×[Ti]}…(i)
均热处理时的保持时间没有特别限定,例如为10~100秒左右(特别是10~80秒左右)即可。
均热处理后,如图1所示,以3℃/秒以上的平均冷却速度冷却至500℃以下且380℃以上的冷却停止温度,从生成使马氏体。
从均热处理温度冷却至冷却停止温度时的平均冷却速度低于3℃/秒时,冷却过程中,铁素体和贝氏体过剩地生成,弯曲加工性劣化。因此平均冷却速度为3℃/秒以上,优选为4℃/秒以上。平均冷却速度的上限没有特别规定,但若考虑基体钢板温度的易控制程度和设备成本,则可以为100℃/秒左右。优选为50℃/秒以下,更优选为10℃/秒以下。
若冷却停止温度超过500℃或低于380℃,则不能降低基体钢板的板宽方向的中央部与端部的强度差。因此,冷却停止温度为500℃以下,优选为490℃以下,更优选为480℃以下,为380℃以上,优选为400℃以上,更优选为420℃以上。
对于上述冷却停止温度而言,遵循常规方法,以基体钢板的板宽方向的中心位置的温度进行管理即可。
冷却停止后,遵循常规方法实施熔融镀锌而制造GI钢板即可,在冷却停止后、实施熔融镀锌前,保持15秒以上。由此,能够使板宽方向的中央部与端部的贝氏体相变结束,使中央部与端部的金属组织大致均匀。若冷却停止后的保持时间短于15秒,则贝氏体相变不充分,不能确保需要的贝氏体量。因此冷却停止后的保持时间为15秒以上,优选为25秒以上,更优选为35秒以上。冷却停止后的保持时间的上限没有特别规定,但若考虑生产率和使用的熔融镀生产线长度等,则可以为1000秒左右。
在此,冷却停止后的保持优选为380℃以上且500℃以下,并且以冷却停止温度±60℃左右进行。即,上述保持不需要一定以冷却停止温度进行,只要在380℃以上且500℃以下,且冷却停止温度±60℃的温度范围内就被允许。
熔融镀锌优选使镀敷浴温度为例如400~500℃(更优选为440~470℃)。
镀敷浴的组成没有特别限定,使用公知的熔融镀锌浴即可。
熔融镀锌后遵循常规方法进行冷却,从而能够得到期望组织的GI钢板。具体来说,在熔融镀锌后,以平均冷却速度1℃/秒以上冷却至常温即可,使基体钢板中的奥氏体相变成马氏体,能够得到马氏体主体的金属组织。平均冷却速度低于1℃/秒时,马氏体难以生成,有可能生成珠光体和中间阶段相变组织。平均冷却速度优选为5℃/秒以上。平均冷却速度的上限没有特别规定,但若考虑基体钢板温度的易控制程度和设备成本,则可以为50℃/秒左右。优选为40℃/秒以下,更优选为30℃/秒以下。
接下来,对于本发明的GA钢板的制造方法具体地进行说明。
GA钢板能够通过对上述GI钢板实施常规方法的合金化处理进行制造。即,对于合金化处理而言,如图1所示,在以上述条件进行熔融镀锌后,例如以500~600℃左右(特别是530~580℃左右),保持5~30秒(特别是10~25秒左右)保持来进行即可。
上述合金化处理使用例如加热炉、直焰或红外线加热炉等进行即可。加热手段也没有特别限定,可以采用例如气体加热、电感加热器加热(高频感应加热装置进行的加热)等惯用的手段。
合金化处理后遵循常规方法进行冷却,由此能够得到期望组织的GA钢板。具体来说,合金化处理后,以1℃/秒以上的平均冷却速度冷却至常温即可,能够得到马氏体主体的金属组织。
本发明的GI钢板和GA钢板由于该钢板的板宽方向的中央部与端部的强度差小,而且弯曲加工性优异,因此能够适用为汽车用的钢板。特别是能够在汽车用强度部件,例如,以前部和后部的大梁、冲撞盒等碰撞部件为首,在中心柱加强筋等柱类、车顶纵梁加强筋、侧梁、底梁,踏板部等车体构成部件中使用。
对于上述GI钢板或上述GA钢板,也可以进行各种涂装和涂装衬底处理(例如,磷酸盐处理等化成处理)、有机皮膜处理(例如,层叠薄膜等有机皮膜的形成)等。
涂料可以使用公知的树脂,例如环氧树脂、氟树脂、有机硅丙烯酸树脂、聚氨酯树脂、丙烯酸树脂、聚酯树脂、酚醛树脂、醇酸树脂、密胺树脂等。从耐腐蚀性的观点出发,优选使用环氧树脂、氟树脂、有机硅丙烯酸树脂。也可以将硬化剂与所述树脂一起使用。另外,涂料也可以含有公知的添加剂,例如着色用颜料、耦联剂、流平剂、敏化剂、抗氧化剂、紫外线稳定剂、阻燃剂等。
在本发明中,涂料形态没有特别限定,可以使用所有形态的涂料,例如溶剂系涂料、水系涂料、水分散型涂料、粉体涂料、电泳涂料等。
另外,涂装方法也没有特别限定,可以使用浸渍法、辊涂法、喷雾法、幕式淋涂法、电泳涂装法等。
被覆层(镀层、有机皮膜、化成处理皮膜、涂膜等)的厚度根据用途适宜设定即可。
以下,列举实施例更具体地说明本发明,但本发明当然不受下述实施例限制,在能够符合前、后述的主旨的范围内,当然也可以适当加以变更而实施,这些均包含在本发明的技术范围内。
本申请基于2012年3月27日所申请的日本专利申请第2012-72543号主张优先权的利益。2012年3月27日申请的日本专利申请第2012-72543号的说明书的全部内容,在本申请中用于参考而援引。
实施例
将下述表1所示的成分组成(余量是铁和不可避免的杂质)的板坯加热至1250℃,使终轧温度为900℃而进行热轧后,使卷取温度为620℃进行卷取,制造热轧钢板。
将所得到的热轧钢板进行酸洗之后冷轧,从而制造冷轧钢板(基体钢板)。冷轧钢板的板宽方向的长度为500mm。
各板坯的成分组成和基于上述式(i)计算的Ac3点的温度显于下述表1、表2中。
另外,基于板坯所含的B量和Mn量和上述式(1)算出的上述式(1)的左边的值(0.005×[Mn]+0.02×[B]1/2+0.025),将该值作为Z值示于下述表1中。
另外,计算从板坯所含的Ti量中减去上述Z值的值([Ti]-Z值),示于下述表1、表2中。
利用连续熔融镀锌生产线,将所得到的冷轧钢板加热到下述表2所示的均热温度,在该温度中保持50秒而进行均热处理后,以下述表2所示的平均冷却速度冷却至下述表2所示的冷却停止温度,在该温度中以下述表2所示的低温保持时间(秒)保持之后,实施熔融镀锌而制造熔融镀锌钢板(GI钢板。No.20~22),或在熔融镀锌后,再加热而进行合金化处理,制造合金化熔融镀锌钢板(GA钢板。No.1~19,No.23~31)。
在本发明的实施例中以冷却停止温度进行低温保持,确认到若以380~500℃,且是冷却停止温度±60℃的范围,则能够得到同样的结果。
GI钢板是冷却至上述冷却停止温度后,浸渍于460℃的熔融镀锌浴中并实施熔融镀锌后,冷却至室温而制造的。
GA钢板是在实施了上述熔融镀锌之后,加热至550℃,在该温度下保持20秒钟而进行合金化处理之后,冷却至室温而制造。
下述表2中示出镀敷的种类(GI或GA)。
按以下顺序观察所得到的GI钢板或GA钢板(以下,仅称为钢板。)的金属组织,测定马氏体、贝氏体和铁素体的分率。
《金属组织的观察》
对于构成GI钢板或GA钢板的基体钢板的金属组织而言,在板宽方向的中心位置,露出相对于板宽方向垂直的截面,对此截面进行研磨,再进行电解研磨后,使之进行硝酸乙醇腐蚀液腐蚀,然后对该面进行SEM观察。观察位置为t/4位置(t为板厚),对于利用SEM拍摄的金属组织照进行图像分析,分别测定马氏体、贝氏体和铁素体的面积率。
观察倍率为4000倍,观察区域为20μm×20μm,对3个视野进行观察并计算平均值。计算结果示于下述表2中。
接下来,研究所得到的GI钢板或GA钢板的机械的特性和弯曲加工性。
《机械的特性》
以钢板的轧制方向(L方向)与试验片的纵长方向平行的方式提取JIS13号B试验片,遵循JIS Z2241测定抗拉强度(TS)。试验片的提取位置是相对于钢板的宽度方向,在中心位置(距钢板的宽度方向的端面250mm位置)和距钢板的宽度方向的端面50mm位置的2处。测定结果示于下述表2中。在下述表2中,所谓“中央部”表示使用从距钢板的宽度方向的端面250mm位置提取的试验片的结果,所谓“端部”表示使用从离开距钢板的宽度方向的端面50mm的位置提取的试验片的结果。
在发明中,钢板的中央部和端部的双方的强度为980MPa以上时,评价为“高强度”,当作合格。
另外,钢板的中央部的强度与端部的强度的差基于下式(ii)计算的强度差的比例(称为强度差率)进行了评价。计算出的强度差率示于下述表2中。
强度差率(%)=[(中央部的强度-端部的强度)/中央部的强度]×100…(ii)
《弯曲加工性》
钢板的弯曲加工性基于弯曲试验的结果进行了评价。
弯曲试验使用的试验片是按照与钢板的轧制方向垂直方向和试验片的纵长方向平行的方式,从钢板切出的20mm×70mm的试验片,使弯曲棱线为钢板的轧制方向而进行90°V弯曲试验。使弯曲半径R适当变化而实施试验,求得试验片能够不发生裂纹而进行弯曲加工的最小弯曲半径Rmin。
最小弯曲半径Rmin为3.0×t(t是板厚)以下时,评价为弯曲加工性优异(合格),超过3.0×t(t是板厚)时,评价为弯曲加工性差(不合格),评价结果示于下述表2中。
由下述表1、表2可以进行如下分析。No.1、2、4、6~10、12、20、21、23、30、31是满足本发明所规定的要件的例子,钢板的中央部与端部的强度差率小,弯曲加工性也良好。
另一方面,No.3、5、11、13~19、22、24~29均是不满足本发明所规定的要件的例子,钢板的中央部与端部的强度差率变大,或者弯曲加工性变差。即,No.3、5、13,是Ti量相对于基体钢板所含的Mn量和B量过少的例子,No.11和No.19是不含Ti的例子,均使得[Ti]-Z值低于0。因此钢板的中央部与端部的强度差率超过5%而变大。其中,No.5的Si量还过多,因此铁素体过剩地生成,不能确保贝氏体的生成量。因此No.5弯曲加工性也劣化。
No.14是Mn量过少的例子,铁素体过剩地生成,因此弯曲加工性劣化。No.15是不含B的例子,铁素体过剩地生成,因此弯曲加工性劣化。
No.16是均热温度过低的例子,铁素体过剩地生成,因此弯曲加工性劣化。
No.17和No.27是冷却停止温度过低的例子,贝氏体过剩地生成,不能确保马氏体的生成量,因此钢板的中央部与端部的强度差率变大。No.18和No.28是冷却停止温度过高的例子,不能确保贝氏体的生成量,因此钢板的中央部与端部的强度差率变大。
No.22是C量过剩的例子,强度过高而弯曲加工性劣化。强度变高的原因被认为是由于马氏体过度硬质化,马氏体和贝氏体的硬度差变得过大的结果是认为弯曲加工性劣化。
No.24和No.26是均热处理后的平均冷却速度过小的例子,铁素体过剩地生成,不能确保贝氏体的生成量。因此钢板的中央部与端部的强度差率大,另外弯曲加工性也劣化。No.25是均热温度过低的例子,铁素体过剩地生成,不能确保贝氏体的生成量,因此钢板的中央部与端部的强度差率变大,弯曲加工性劣化。
No.29是冷却停止后的低温保持时间过短的例子,贝氏体相变时间短,不能确保贝氏体生成量,因此钢板的中央部与端部的强度差率变大。
接下来,将表示[Ti]-Z值与强度差率(%)的关系的标绘图示于图2中。需要说明的是,在图2中,下述表2所示的数据之中,制造条件[均热温度、平均冷却速度、冷却停止温度或低温保持时间脱离本发明所规定的范围的例子(具体而言是No.16~18、24~29)]没有绘制。
由图2可知,[Ti]-Z值为0前后时,强度差率显著变化,如果[Ti]-Z值为0以上,则读取到强度差率为5.0%以下。
[表1]
[表2]
Claims (5)
1.一种板宽方向的中央部与端部的强度差小,弯曲加工性优异的高强度熔融镀锌钢板,是在基体钢板的表面具有熔融镀锌层的熔融镀锌钢板,所述基体钢板以质量%计满足
C:0.05~0.25%、
Si:0.5%以下、
Mn:2.0~4%、
P:0.1%以下、
S:0.05%以下、
Al:0.01~0.1%、
满足下式(1)的量的Ti、
B:0.0003~0.005%、和
N:0.01%以下,
余量由铁和不可避免的杂质构成,
其中,所述基体钢板的金属组织具有马氏体、贝氏体和铁素体,相对于所述金属组织全体的比率满足:所述马氏体为50面积%以上,所述贝氏体为15~50面积%,所述铁素体为5面积%以下,
并且,基于下式(2)算出的强度差率为5.0%以下,
0.005×[Mn]+0.02×[B]1/2+0.025≤[Ti]≤0.15 (1)
式(1)中,[]表示各元素以质量%计的含量,
强度差率%=[(板宽方向的中央部的强度-板宽方向的端部的强度)/板宽方向的中央部的强度]×100 (2)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高强度熔融镀锌钢板,其中,所述基体钢板以质量%计还含有选自
Cr:1%以下且不含0%、
Mo:1%以下且不含0%、
Nb:0.2%以下且不含0%、
V:0.2%以下且不含0%、
Cu:1%以下且不含0%、
Ni:1%以下且不含0%中的一种以上作为其它元素。
3.一种板宽方向的中央部与端部的强度差小,弯曲加工性优异的高强度合金化熔融镀锌钢板,其特征在于,是使用权利要求1所述的高强度熔融镀锌钢板得到的。
4.一种板宽方向的中央部与端部的强度差小,弯曲加工性优异的高强度熔融镀锌钢板的制造方法,其特征在于,
对于满足权利要求1所述的成分组成的冷轧钢板,以Ac3点以上的温度进行均热处理后,以3℃/秒以上的平均冷却速度冷却至500℃以下且380℃以上的冷却停止温度之后保持15秒以上,实施熔融镀锌。
5.一种板宽方向的中央部与端部的强度差小,弯曲加工性优异的高强度合金化熔融镀锌钢板的制造方法,其特征在于,在权利要求4中,在实施了所述熔融镀锌之后,进行合金化处理。
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EP2031081B1 (de) * | 2007-08-15 | 2011-07-13 | ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG | Dualphasenstahl, Flachprodukt aus einem solchen Dualphasenstahl und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Flachprodukts |
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2013
- 2013-03-21 JP JP2013058932A patent/JP6228741B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-03-22 CN CN201380016272.4A patent/CN104204256A/zh active Pending
- 2013-03-22 US US14/382,489 patent/US20150111064A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-03-22 MX MX2014011606A patent/MX2014011606A/es unknown
- 2013-03-22 WO PCT/JP2013/058355 patent/WO2013146606A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2013-03-22 CN CN201810211606.8A patent/CN108456831A/zh active Pending
- 2013-03-22 KR KR1020147026909A patent/KR101653085B1/ko active IP Right Grant
-
2018
- 2018-11-14 US US16/190,933 patent/US20190078188A1/en not_active Abandoned
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CN1788099A (zh) * | 2003-06-19 | 2006-06-14 | 新日本制铁株式会社 | 成形性优良的高强度钢板及其制造方法 |
CN101115857A (zh) * | 2005-03-31 | 2008-01-30 | 株式会社神户制钢所 | 熔融镀锌钢板和合金化熔融镀锌钢板 |
JP2011225975A (ja) * | 2010-03-29 | 2011-11-10 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 加工性に優れた超高強度鋼板、およびその製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20150111064A1 (en) | 2015-04-23 |
WO2013146606A1 (ja) | 2013-10-03 |
CN104204256A (zh) | 2014-12-10 |
US20190078188A1 (en) | 2019-03-14 |
JP2013227660A (ja) | 2013-11-07 |
MX2014011606A (es) | 2014-10-17 |
JP6228741B2 (ja) | 2017-11-08 |
KR20140129288A (ko) | 2014-11-06 |
KR101653085B1 (ko) | 2016-08-31 |
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