CN108450314B - Simplified soilless culture method for cabbage mustard - Google Patents

Simplified soilless culture method for cabbage mustard Download PDF

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CN108450314B
CN108450314B CN201810158664.9A CN201810158664A CN108450314B CN 108450314 B CN108450314 B CN 108450314B CN 201810158664 A CN201810158664 A CN 201810158664A CN 108450314 B CN108450314 B CN 108450314B
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nutrient solution
seeds
pipeline
culture
cabbage mustard
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CN108450314A (en
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钟凤林
许茹
王树彬
林义章
吴章洪
华炜辉
林勇文
王会全
严逸男
曹萍
陈露
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Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
    • A01G31/06—Hydroponic culture on racks or in stacked containers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
    • C05B1/02—Superphosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
    • C05G5/23—Solutions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a simplified soilless culture method for cabbage mustard, and belongs to the field of agricultural production. The cabbage mustard is planted in a facility greenhouse with an insect-proof net, and integrated optimization is carried out in all directions by utilizing a water culture device high-efficiency cultivation technology according to the biological characteristics and insect pest occurrence characteristics of the cabbage mustard to obtain the simplified soilless cultivation method of the cabbage mustard.

Description

Simplified soilless culture method for cabbage mustard
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural production, and particularly relates to a simplified soilless culture method for cabbage mustard.
Background
Along with the higher and higher requirements of modern people on food safety, green vegetables without pollution and chemical fertilizer and pesticide residues are favored by more citizens, and green foods are known as the "sunward industry" and have a wide market. A report analysis published by food and agriculture organizations in United nations shows that the annual rate of increase of sales of green agricultural products in markets of some countries exceeds 20% in the past 10 years. This is in sharp contrast to the unprecedented market for some conventional foods. The industrial seedling culture and high-efficiency water culture are important ways for obtaining green vegetables.
The water culture technology gets rid of the restriction of the traditional agricultural technology depending on soil cultivation, has the characteristics of water saving, fertilizer saving, labor saving, pollution reduction and the like, enlarges the space of agricultural production, and provides effective application and development for the production of high-end vegetables, flowers, industrial seedlings and the like in modern agriculture in China. But different crops have different physiological characteristics and different product harvesting organs, the technical requirements for developing water culture, particularly different water culture facilities, nutrient solution components, fertilization characteristics, pest and disease damage characteristics and the like, and the research on the water culture method suitable for specific plant growth has important theoretical and practical significance, and can promote the income increase of farmers and the development of rural areas.
Kale (B)Brassica alboglabraL.H. Bailey), also called white cabbage mustard, green cabbage, cabbage mustard (Guangdong), cabbage mustard and gesso, are annual herbaceous plants of the Brassicaceae and the Brassica, have a long cultivation history, are one of special vegetables in China, are popular home vegetables in southern areas such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and the like, and are export vegetables in China, namely China in China and Hongkong, China and Hongkong province. The cabbage leaves of the kale are tender, fresh and crisp, fresh and sweet, and delicious, the tender flower shoots and tender leaves are used for eating, each 100 g of the fresh cabbage leaves of the kale contains 92-93 g of water, 51.3-68.8 mg of vitamin C, and quite a plurality of mineral substances, and the kale is a vegetable with rich nutrition in vegetables, and can be fried, eaten in soup or used as a side dish. The kale contains cellulose, saccharide, etc. It has sweet and pungent taste, and has effects in promoting diuresis, eliminating phlegm, removing toxic substances, dispelling pathogenic wind, removing pathogenic heat, relieving fatigue, clearing heart fire, and improving eyesightAnd (5) effect.
The production of seedlings is a precondition for obtaining high-yield and high-quality cabbage mustard, and improper sowing and seedling raising methods ensure that the cabbage mustard has irregular seedlings, slow seedling growth, fine seedlings, easy lodging and low seedling rate. Aiming at the characteristics of seeds and seedlings of the cabbage mustard, plug seedling is adopted, and plug selection, seed treatment, matrix selection and treatment, seedling stage management and the like are core contents of industrial seedling, particularly high-quality industrial seedling, so that the method has the advantages of rapid seedling growth, short seedling age, good root system development, strong and regular seedlings, short seedling reviving time after field planting, easiness in survival and the like.
The method is characterized in that the physical control and the biological control are adopted in the whole process from seeding, seedling culture to water culture according to the characteristics of different insect pests in a seedling stage and a cultivation stage, so that the yield and the quality are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a simplified soilless culture method of cabbage mustard, the existing cabbage mustard culture method has the disadvantages of large external influence, obvious seasonality and difficult control of yield and quality, and by implementing the method, the cabbage mustard culture method is less interfered by the outside, high in yield and quality and less in labor force.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
1. a simplified soilless culture method of cabbage mustard, which comprises the following steps: raising seedlings and efficiently cultivating by utilizing a water culture device; the seedling culture method comprises the following steps of hole tray selection, seed treatment, substrate selection and treatment and seedling stage management:
(1) selecting a plug tray: selecting a plug tray with 96 holes or 200 holes, and using 1wt% of KMnO before seedling culture4Solution or 1wt% CuSO4Disinfecting the solution;
(2) seed treatment: soaking seeds for 8-10 min at 55 ℃, and washing the seeds with clear water; 0.1wt% KMnO4Soaking the seeds in the solution for 8-10 min, and washing the seeds with clear water; soaking seeds for 1h at 4 ℃, and washing the seeds with clear water; soaking seeds for 16-24 h at 20 ℃, washing the seeds with clear water, and sowing;
(3) substrate selection and treatmentProcessing: the matrix formula comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 80% of mixture of straw mushroom dregs and moss peat, 0.001-0.01% of compound sodium nitrophenolate or brassin or gibberellin, 2-4% of algin, 4% of N and P2O5 5%、K2O6%, 1-3% of 10 hundred million spores/g of Bacillus thuringiensis powder, and the sum of the mass percentages of all the substances is 100%; placing the prepared substrate into a disinfection cabinet or a disinfection box, introducing steam through a vent pipe, heating to 80-100 ℃, and sterilizing in a sealed manner for 30-60 min;
(4) seedling stage management: the temperature (day/night) in the seedling stage is 22-28 ℃/15-22 ℃; the ventilation and the light transmission are noticed, and the moisture management requires dryness and wetness; hardening off the seedlings at low temperature 5 days before field planting, wherein the temperature is 18-22 ℃/13-18 ℃; and the high-quality cabbage mustard seedlings which are developed in root systems, compact in cluster, short and thick in hypocotyl plants, thick in leaves and free of diseases and insect pests are obtained through seedling management.
The high-efficiency cultivation by using the water culture device comprises the following steps:
1) planting: the root system of the cabbage mustard adult seedlings and the matrix are mutually wound together, the cabbage mustard adult seedlings are taken out from the hole tray, do not need to be cleaned and planted in the planting holes of the water planting device, and are directly inoculated into the planting holes of the water planting device, and the cabbage mustard adult seedlings are fixed by two layers of nylon nets to prevent lodging;
2) nutrient solution formula and fertilization time node:
after field planting: the nutrient solution comprises N16 wt% + P2O5 16wt%+K218wt% of O + 0.5wt% of algin + NiSO40.01-0.03 wt% + TE 50wt%, and the balance being water, wherein the sum of the weight fractions of all the components is 100%, and the pH value is adjusted to 6.3-7.0, and the Ec value is 1.5-1.8; irrigating for 10-15 min by using nutrient solution, then irrigating for 30-40 min at intervals, and circularly irrigating in such a way, wherein the nutrient solution is not irrigated between 20:00 and 5:00, the nutrient solution is supplemented every day, and the nutrient solution is replaced once every 15 days;
growth in the full period: the nutrient solution comprises N20 wt% + P2O5 8wt%+K2O22 wt% + algin 0.5wt% + TE 50wt%, and the balance being water, the sum of the weight fractions of all the components being 100%, the pH value being adjusted to 6.3-7.0, and the Ec value being 1.9-2.3; irrigating for 15-20 min by using nutrient solution, then, performing cyclic irrigation at intervals of 20-30 min, wherein the nutrient solution irrigation is not performed between 20:00 and 5:00, the nutrient solution is supplemented every day, and the nutrient solution is replaced once after 15 days;
wherein N is from potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, P2O5Derived from calcium superphosphate, sodium phosphate, K2O is from potassium nitrate and potassium sulfate;
3) insect pest prevention and control: the suspension density of the multifunctional electrostatic disinsection lamp is 1-2/300 m2The suspension height is 1.5 m; the suspending density of the sex attractant for yellow plate, blue plate and cabbage moth is 3-5 pieces/100 m2The suspension height was 1.3 m.
Disinfecting the hydroponic device before planting by using 1wt% of KMnO4Solution or 1wt% CuSO4And (3) solution.
The water culture device comprises a T-shaped nutrient solution input pipeline 1 and a T-shaped nutrient solution output pipeline 2, wherein the nutrient solution input pipeline and the nutrient solution output pipeline are mutually communicated through a culture pipeline 3, a plurality of culture holes 4 are uniformly distributed in the culture pipeline along the length direction of the culture pipeline, and the culture pipeline inclines downwards by 5 degrees along the direction from the nutrient solution input pipeline to the nutrient solution output pipeline; the nutrient solution input pipeline comprises a vertical liquid inlet pipe 5 and a longitudinal liquid inlet pipe 6, the vertical liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the middle bottom part of the longitudinal liquid inlet pipe, the nutrient solution output pipeline comprises a vertical liquid outlet pipe 7 and a longitudinal liquid outlet pipe 8, and the vertical liquid outlet pipe is communicated with the middle bottom part of the longitudinal liquid outlet pipe; the cultivation pipelines are arranged in parallel, the high ends of the cultivation pipelines are communicated with the longitudinal liquid inlet pipe, and the low ends of the cultivation pipelines are communicated with the longitudinal liquid outlet pipe; the level of the nutrient solution output pipeline is lower than that of the nutrient solution input pipeline.
The use method of the water culture device comprises the following steps: nutrient solution flows in from the nutrient solution input pipeline 1 of T font, flows through behind cultivation pipeline 3 and flows out from the nutrient solution output pipeline 2 of T font, because cultivation pipeline 3 is 5 with the contained angle of horizontal plane, the nutrient solution can flow from high-end to the bottom, provides nutrition for the cabbage mustard in the cultivation hole.
The simplified soilless culture method of the cabbage mustard is characterized in that the cabbage mustard is planted in a greenhouse and is isolated from the outside through an insect-proof net.
The invention has the following remarkable advantages:
(1) the existing cabbage mustard cultivation mode has the advantages of large external influence, obvious seasonality and difficulty in controlling yield and quality.
(2) The mixed matrix and the probiotics used in the invention have good water and fertilizer retention effects, and can effectively prevent and treat clubroot, damping off, downy mildew, mole cricket, cutworm and other seedling diseases and insect pests.
(3) The water culture device and the timing water supply fertilizer can solve the problem of root system management.
(4) The invention can reduce environmental pollution.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a cabbage mustard cultivation device;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the cultivation effect of the kale cultivation device;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of different treatments on the germination of Brassica juncea seeds in experiment 1;
FIG. 4 shows the change in root volume of cabbage mustard under different nutrient solution treatments in experiment 2.
Detailed Description
Example 1
1. A simplified soilless culture of cabbage mustard is characterized by that it is planted in greenhouse and isolated from outside by insect-proof net. The water culture device comprises a T-shaped nutrient solution input pipeline 1 and a T-shaped nutrient solution output pipeline 2, the nutrient solution input pipeline and the nutrient solution output pipeline are communicated with each other through a culture pipeline 3, a plurality of culture holes 4 are uniformly distributed in the culture pipeline along the length direction of the culture pipeline, and the culture pipeline inclines downwards by 5 degrees along the direction from the nutrient solution input pipeline to the nutrient solution output pipeline; the nutrient solution input pipeline comprises a vertical liquid inlet pipe 5 and a longitudinal liquid inlet pipe 6, the vertical liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the middle bottom part of the longitudinal liquid inlet pipe, the nutrient solution output pipeline comprises a vertical liquid outlet pipe 7 and a longitudinal liquid outlet pipe 8, and the vertical liquid outlet pipe is communicated with the middle bottom part of the longitudinal liquid outlet pipe; the cultivation pipelines are arranged in parallel, the high ends of the cultivation pipelines are communicated with the longitudinal liquid inlet pipe, and the low ends of the cultivation pipelines are communicated with the longitudinal liquid outlet pipe; the level of the nutrient solution delivery pipeline is lower than that of the nutrient solution delivery pipelineThe level of the pipe. (see fig. 1). Disinfection of hydroponic plants before planting, using 1wt% KMnO4Solution or 1wt% CuSO4And (3) solution.
2. The seedling culture of the cabbage mustard simplified soilless culture comprises plug selection, seed treatment, matrix selection and treatment and seedling stage management:
(1) selecting a plug tray: selecting a plug tray with 96 holes or 200 holes, and using 1wt% of KMnO before seedling culture4Solution or 1wt% CuSO4Disinfecting the solution;
(2) seed treatment: soaking seeds for 8-10 min at 55 ℃, and washing the seeds with clear water; 0.1wt% KMnO4Soaking the seeds in the solution for 8-10 min, and washing the seeds with clear water; soaking seeds for 1h at 4 ℃, and washing the seeds with clear water; soaking seeds for 16-24 h at 20 ℃, washing the seeds with clear water, and sowing;
(3) substrate selection and treatment: the matrix formula comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 80% of mixture of straw mushroom dregs and moss peat, 0.001-0.01% of compound sodium nitrophenolate or brassin or gibberellin, 2-4% of algin, 4% of N and P2O5 5%、K2O6%, 1-3% of 10 hundred million spores/g of Bacillus thuringiensis powder, and the sum of the mass percentages of all the substances is 100%; placing the prepared substrate into a disinfection cabinet or a disinfection box, introducing steam through a vent pipe, heating to 80-100 ℃, and sterilizing in a sealed manner for 30-60 min;
(4) seedling stage management: the temperature (day/night) in the seedling stage is 22-28 ℃/15-22 ℃; the ventilation and the light transmission are noticed, and the moisture management requires dryness and wetness; hardening off the seedlings at low temperature 5 days before field planting, wherein the temperature is 18-22 ℃/13-18 ℃; and the high-quality cabbage mustard seedlings which are developed in root systems, compact in cluster, short and thick in hypocotyl plants, thick in leaves and free of diseases and insect pests are obtained through seedling management.
3. Transplanting when the seedlings grow to 3 leaves and 1 heart, mutually winding the root systems of the grown seedlings of the cabbage mustard and the matrix, taking out the grown seedlings of the cabbage mustard from the hole tray, directly inoculating the seedlings into the cultivation holes of the hydroponic device without cleaning and planting cups, and fixing the plants by using two layers of nylon nets to prevent the plants from lodging.
Nutrient solution formula and fertilization time node: 1) after field planting: the nutrient solution comprises N16 wt% + P2O5 16 wt%+K218wt% of O + 0.5wt% of algin + NiSO40.01-0.03 wt% + TE 50wt%, and the balance being water, wherein the sum of the weight fractions of all the components is 100%, and the pH value is adjusted to 6.3-7.0, and the Ec value is 1.5-1.8; irrigating for 10-15 min by using nutrient solution, then irrigating for 30-40 min at intervals, and circularly irrigating in such a way, wherein the nutrient solution is not irrigated between 20:00 and 5:00, the nutrient solution is supplemented every day, and the nutrient solution is replaced once every 15 days; 2) growth in the full period: the nutrient solution comprises N20 wt% + P2O5 8wt%+K2O22 wt% + algin 0.5wt% + TE 50wt%, and the balance being water, the sum of the weight fractions of all the components being 100%, the pH value being adjusted to 6.3-7.0, and the Ec value being 1.9-2.3; irrigating for 15-20 min by using nutrient solution, then, performing cyclic irrigation at intervals of 20-30 min, wherein the nutrient solution irrigation is not performed between 20:00 and 5:00, the nutrient solution is supplemented every day, and the nutrient solution is replaced once after 15 days; wherein N is from potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, P2O5Derived from calcium superphosphate, sodium phosphate, K2O is from potassium nitrate and potassium sulfate;
insect pest prevention and control: the suspension density of the multifunctional electrostatic disinsection lamp is 1-2/300 m2The suspension height is 1.5 m; the suspending density of the sex attractant for yellow plate, blue plate and cabbage moth is 3-5 pieces/100 m2The suspension height was 1.3 m.
Experiments prove that the whole cultivation period of the cabbage mustard is about 45 days, the effect is good, and the quality is good.
Experiment 1, for studying the influence of different treatments on the germination of cabbage mustard seeds, different seed treatment methods are provided for analyzing the germination conditions, and the seed treatment is 1: soaking seeds for 8min at 55 ℃; 0.1wt% KMnO4Soaking the seeds for 8min, and washing the seeds with clear water; soaking seeds for 1h at 4 ℃; soaking seeds for 16h at 20 ℃, and sowing. Seed treatment 2: soaking seeds for 10min at 55 ℃; 0.1wt% KMnO4Soaking the seeds for 10min, and washing the seeds with clear water; soaking seeds for 1h at 4 ℃; soaking seeds for 24h at 20 ℃, and sowing. Seed treatment 3: soaking seeds for 9min at 55 ℃; 0.1wt% KMnO4Soaking the seeds for 9min, and washing the seeds with clear water; soaking seeds for 1h at 4 ℃; soaking seeds for 16h at 20 ℃, and sowing. Untreated is ck. After one week of cultivation, root growth was observed, and the results showed that seed treatment was significantly better than non-treated germination, with some differences between treatments, with treatment 3 having the best results (table 1, fig. 3).
TABLE 1 germination of cabbage mustard seeds
Figure 604336DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Experiment 2, for studying the influence of different nutrient solutions on the growth and quality of cabbage mustard, 3 groups of different nutrient solutions, T1: n16 wt% + P2O5 16 wt%+K2O 18wt%+TE 50wt%，T2：N 16wt%+P2O5 16 wt%+K2O 18wt%+ NiSO40.005%+TE 50wt%，T3：N 16wt%+P2O5 16 wt%+K218wt% of O, 0.5% of algin and NiSO40.005% + TE 50wt%, and the growth of the plants was observed after 1 week of treatment, indicating that T3 had the most significant effect on the growth and quality of cabbage mustard (FIG. 4).
Experiment 3, in order to study the influence of different Ec values on the growth and quality of cabbage mustard, 5 treatments with different Ec values of 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2.3, 2.6 were set, and the results show that the influence of Ec value 2.3 on the growth and quality of cabbage mustard is most obvious (table 2).
TABLE 2 Effect of different Ec values on the growth and quality of cabbage mustard
Figure 393913DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Experiment 4, in order to study the influence of the included angle between the plane of the cultivation pipeline and the horizontal plane on the growth and quality of the cabbage mustard, 4 treatments were performed with the included angles between the plane of the pipeline and the horizontal plane of 0 °, 3 °, 5 ° and 10 °, and the results show that the cabbage mustard has the best growth and quality with the included angle between the plane of the pipeline and the horizontal plane of 5 ° (table 3).
TABLE 3 influence of the included angle of the cultivation pipeline plane on the growth and quality of cabbage mustard
Figure 49016DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A simplified soilless culture method of cabbage mustard, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: raising seedlings and efficiently cultivating by utilizing a water culture device; the seedling culture method comprises the following steps of hole tray selection, seed treatment, substrate selection and treatment and seedling stage management:
(1) selecting a plug tray: selecting a plug tray with 96 holes or 200 holes, and using 1wt% of KMnO before seedling culture4Solution or 1wt% CuSO4Disinfecting the solution;
(2) seed treatment: soaking seeds for 8-10 min at 55 ℃, and washing the seeds with clear water; 0.1wt% KMnO4Soaking the seeds in the solution for 8-10 min, and washing the seeds with clear water; soaking seeds for 1h at 4 ℃, and washing the seeds with clear water; soaking seeds for 16-24 h at 20 ℃, washing the seeds with clear water, and sowing;
(3) substrate selection and treatment: the matrix formula comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 80% of mixture of straw mushroom dregs and moss peat, 0.001-0.01% of compound sodium nitrophenolate or brassin or gibberellin, 2-4% of algin, 4% of N and P2O5 5％、K2O6%, 1-3% of 10 hundred million spores/g of Bacillus thuringiensis powder, and the sum of the mass percentages of all the substances is 100%; placing the prepared substrate into a disinfection cabinet or a disinfection box, introducing steam through a vent pipe, heating to 80-100 ℃, and sterilizing in a sealed manner for 30-60 min;
(4) seedling stage management: the temperature of the seedling stage is 22-28 ℃/15-22 ℃; the ventilation and the light transmission are noticed, and the moisture management requires dryness and wetness; hardening off the seedlings at low temperature 5 days before field planting, wherein the temperature is 18-22 ℃/13-18 ℃; high-quality cabbage mustard seedlings with developed root systems, tight clusters, short and thick hypocotyls, thick leaves and no plant diseases and insect pests are obtained through seedling management;
the high-efficiency cultivation by using the water culture device comprises the following steps:
1) planting: the root system of the cabbage mustard adult seedlings and the matrix are mutually wound together, the cabbage mustard adult seedlings are taken out from the hole tray, do not need to be cleaned and planted in the planting holes of the water planting device, and are directly inoculated into the planting holes of the water planting device, and the cabbage mustard adult seedlings are fixed by two layers of nylon nets to prevent lodging; the water culture device comprises a T-shaped nutrient solution input pipeline and a T-shaped nutrient solution output pipeline, wherein the nutrient solution input pipeline and the nutrient solution output pipeline are communicated with each other through a culture pipeline, a plurality of culture holes are uniformly distributed in the culture pipeline along the length direction of the culture pipeline, and the culture pipeline inclines downwards by 5 degrees along the direction from the nutrient solution input pipeline to the nutrient solution output pipeline; the nutrient solution input pipeline comprises a vertical liquid inlet pipe and a longitudinal liquid inlet pipe, the vertical liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the middle bottom part of the longitudinal liquid inlet pipe, the nutrient solution output pipeline comprises a vertical liquid outlet pipe and a longitudinal liquid outlet pipe, and the vertical liquid outlet pipe is communicated with the middle bottom part of the longitudinal liquid outlet pipe; the cultivation pipelines are arranged in parallel, the high ends of the cultivation pipelines are communicated with the longitudinal liquid inlet pipe, and the low ends of the cultivation pipelines are communicated with the longitudinal liquid outlet pipe; the level of the nutrient solution output pipeline is lower than that of the nutrient solution input pipeline;
2) nutrient solution formula and fertilization time node:
after field planting: the nutrient solution comprises N16 wt% + P2O5 16wt％+K218wt% of O + 0.5wt% of algin + NiSO40.01-0.03 wt% + TE 50wt%, and the balance being water, wherein the sum of the weight fractions of all the components is 100%, and the pH value is adjusted to 6.3-7.0, and the Ec value is 1.5-1.8; irrigating for 10-15 min by using nutrient solution, then irrigating for 30-40 min at intervals, and circularly irrigating in such a way, wherein the nutrient solution is not irrigated between 20:00 and 5:00, the nutrient solution is supplemented every day, and the nutrient solution is replaced once every 15 days;
growth in the full period: the nutrient solution comprises N20 wt% + P2O5 8wt％+K2O22 wt% + algin 0.5wt% + TE 50wt%, and the balance being water, the sum of the weight fractions of all the components being 100%, the pH value being adjusted to 6.3-7.0, and the Ec value being 1.9-2.3; irrigating for 15-20 min by using nutrient solution, then, performing cyclic irrigation at intervals of 20-30 min, wherein the nutrient solution irrigation is not performed between 20:00 and 5:00, the nutrient solution is supplemented every day, and the nutrient solution is replaced once after 15 days;
wherein N is from potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, P2O5Derived from calcium superphosphate, sodium phosphate, K2O is from potassium nitrate and potassium sulfate;
3) insect pest prevention and control: the suspension density of the multifunctional electrostatic disinsection lamp is 1-2/300 m2The suspension height is 1.5 m; the suspending density of the sex attractant for yellow plate, blue plate and cabbage moth is 3-5 pieces/100 m2The suspension height was 1.3 m.
2. The simplified soilless culture method of kale according to claim 1, characterized in that: disinfecting the hydroponic device before planting by using 1wt% of KMnO4Solution or 1wt% CuSO4And (3) solution.
3. A simplified soilless culture method for cabbage mustard according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein: the cultivation method is that the seeds are planted in a greenhouse and are isolated from the outside through an insect-proof net.
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