CN108441671A - Five yuan of Cu-base composites of one kind and preparation process - Google Patents

Five yuan of Cu-base composites of one kind and preparation process Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108441671A
CN108441671A CN201810252387.8A CN201810252387A CN108441671A CN 108441671 A CN108441671 A CN 108441671A CN 201810252387 A CN201810252387 A CN 201810252387A CN 108441671 A CN108441671 A CN 108441671A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
powder
sintering
ball
base composites
yuan
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Pending
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CN201810252387.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘贵民
闫涛
杜林飞
惠阳
李斌
杨忠须
王尧
朱硕
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Academy of Armored Forces of PLA
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Academy of Armored Forces of PLA
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Priority to CN201810252387.8A priority Critical patent/CN108441671A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C9/00Alloys based on copper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10Sintering only
    • B22F3/105Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0425Copper-based alloys
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of five yuan of Cu-base composites and preparation processes.Cu‑Al2O3The key point of Cr Gr five yuan of Cu-base composites of La is the composition design and technique realization method of multi-element composite material, emphasis is the proportioning of the various powder such as Cu powder, Al powder, CuO powder, graphite powder (Gr), Cr powder, La powder, the especially parameter size of ball-milling technology and sintering process determines the comprehensive performance of material after sintering.Its rare earth elements Cr powder and La powder can play the role of purification crystal boundary, improve electric conductivity.Graphite powder plays the role of reduction friction coefficient, improves electric conductivity.

Description

Five yuan of Cu-base composites of one kind and preparation process
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of compound material.
Background technology
Copper is due to many excellent performances, especially having excellent electric conductivity, thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance and easy processing Formability makes one of most popular metal material other than steel and aluminium.But since pure Cu cannot be satisfied transmitting Complicated machineries and the chemical action environment such as process high temperature, top load and high-speed friction abrasion, so mostly using copper conjunction at present Gold and Cu-base composites.
Currently, Cu-Al2O3Composite material and Cu- graphite (Gr) composite material are research relative maturities, using than wide Two class Cu-base composites.Cu-Al2O3Composite material is hard by adding the high-melting-point of nanoscale, height in Copper substrate Degree, and the Al with high-temperature stability2O3Ceramic particle, to significantly improve the room temperature and mechanical behavior under high temperature of matrix.Therefore, It is had a wide range of applications in fields such as railway locomotive conducting wire, lead frame copper strip, spot-wedling electrode, electrical contacts.Cu-Gr composite materials It is graphite particle of the addition with self lubricity, high-melting-point, resistance fusion welding energy and resistance to arc erosion energy in Copper substrate, is allowed to Also have while keeping Copper substrate good conductive energy it is excellent lubricate, anti-melting welding and resistance to arc erosion ability.Therefore, exist The fields such as friction material, contact material, conductive material are with a wide range of applications.
But due to the limitation of particle phase behaviour, material some aspects are being improved by particle strengthening Cu-base composites While performance, electric conductivity reduction frequently can lead to.The tissue of composite material can be purified by adding rare earth element, and And the impurity in tissue is reduced, improve the electric conductivity of Cu-base composites.
Therefore, in order to give full play to the synergistic effect of different constituent elements, comprehensive performance more preferably new material is obtained, is needed pair Multiphase constituent element mixes Cu-base composites expansion research.
Since addition mutually has different physics and chemical property from Copper substrate, very by traditional casting technology Hardly possible realize addition mutually Dispersed precipitate in the base and with the good interface cohesion of matrix.Mechanical alloying passes through prolonged High-energy ball milling can be such that each alternate atom level that reaches combines, it is considered to be a kind of practicable particle strengthening Cu-base composites Preparation process.
But it prepares multiphase constituent element to mix Cu-base composites to face the reunion of particle phase, particle phase and matrix phase wetability poor Technical barrier.The preparation means of current this kind of material mainly or using prior powder metallurgy technique, mutually reunite and compare by particle Seriously, particle size is larger, directly affects the understanding of people's synergistic mechanism between multicomponent, constrains Cu-base composites and exists Application in engineering.
Therefore, the sintering forming process that mechanical alloying prepares composite material is also the hot spot studied at present.It is common to burn Knot technique mainly has cold-rolled sintered, hot pressed sintering, isostatic sintering, microwave sintering and discharge plasma sintering.Wherein, electric discharge etc. Ion is sintered as a kind of new sintering technology, is had the characteristics that low temperature, Fast Sintering, is to prepare novel metal based composites Effective means.Some the study found that discharge plasma sintering than Cu-base composites prepared by cold-rolled sintered and hot pressed sintering With higher density, hardness, conductivity, intensity and properties of antifriction and wear resistance.
Invention content
The technical problems to be solved by the invention:Applying charge plasma sintering process prepares Cu-Al2O3- Cr-Gr-La five First Cu-base composites effectively promote electric conductivity, are provided simultaneously with excellent anti-friction wear-resistant while improving the intensity of material Energy.
Discharge plasma sintering principle and Cu-Al2O3Five yuan of Fabrication Technology for Copper Matrix Composites of-Cr-Gr-La.
1, discharge plasma sintering principle
Discharge plasma sintering (Spark Plasma Sintering, SPS) is that one kind developed in recent years is novel Fast Sintering technology.The technology be passed directly between powder particle pulse current carry out heat-agglomerating, therefore sometimes also by Referred to as plasma activated sintering (Plasma Activated Sinteriny, PAS) or plasma-assisted sintering (Plasma Assister Sinteriny, PAS).
The key of SPS technologies is to utilize micro discharge phenomenon caused by powder particle gap.First, sintering early period due to There are more gaps between powder particle, by pulsing electric discharge phenomena between adjacent particle, since pulsed discharge generates Discharge impact wave and electronics, ion negative direction in the electric field flow at high speed, the gas escape of powder adsorption, powder can be made The oxidation film on surface is breakdown to a certain extent, and powder is made to be purified, activate;Second, due to pulse be moment, discontinuously, High-frequency occurs, and is produced not in contact with heat discharge caused by the arc discharge of position and powder particle contact site in powder particle The diffusion of powder particle atom is all greatly facilitated in raw Joule heat, and diffusion coefficient is more much greater than under usual hot pressing condition, It is powder sintered rapid to reach;Third, the addition of on-off fast-pulse make the electric discharge position in powder and joule hair Thermal part can all fast move, and the sintering of powder is enable to homogenize.Therefore, SPS processes can be regarded as particle electric discharge, conduction It is heated and pressurizeed the result of comprehensive function.
Compared with conventional sintering, SPS prepares Cu-base composites and has the following advantages:
(1) sintering temperature is low, and compared with cold-rolled sintered and hot pressed sintering, sintering temperature can reduce by 50 DEG C or more, or even have Document report can make sintering temperature reduce 200-300 DEG C;
(2) preforming to powder progress it need not can be sintered directly into dense body, and sintering pressure ordinary circumstance is small In 100MPa;
(3) sintering process is rapid, and sintering is efficient, this is mainly reflected in two aspects, and one is the fast (80-100 of heating rate DEG C/min), two is short (2-10min) for soaking time, and cold-rolled sintered and hot pressed sintering heating rate be generally 5-20 DEG C/ Min, soaking time need 30-120min or even longer.
2, a kind of preparation process of five yuan of Cu-base composites, it is characterised in that:
Raw material powder ingredient and mass percent are as follows:
Mixed powder is made by the above mass percent, adition process controlling agent carries out ball milling, process control agent octadecanoid acid Content is powder quality 1%,
Discharge plasma sintering process is:
Sintering mold material is graphite, is sintered initial pressure 5MPa, and sintering dwell pressure is 40MPa, and vacuum degree is less than 10Pa, 100 DEG C/min of heating rate, sintering 6min is prepared into composite material, furnace cooling after the completion of sintering at 800 DEG C.
Further, ball material mass ratio 20:1, rotational speed of ball-mill 500r/min, Ball-milling Time 10h.
The Cu-Al prepared by discharge plasma sintering2O3Five yuan of Cu-base composites of-Cr-Gr-La have good lead Electrically and mechanical property, pure copper material intensity difference and the low disadvantage of common Cu-base composites electric conductivity can be overcome.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 discharge plasma sintering system construction drawings
Fig. 2 agglomerated material SEM microscopic appearances
(a)Al2O3/Cu;(b)Cu-Al2O3Five yuan of Cu-base composites of-Cr-Gr-La
Pure Cu (b) 1wt%Al of each fracture surface of sample patterns (a) of Fig. 32O3/Cu(c)Cu-Al2O3Five yuan of-Cr-Gr-La is copper-based multiple Condensation material
Specific implementation mode
Cu-Al2O3The basic component of five yuan of Cu-base composites of-Cr-Gr-La mainly has:
(1) Cu powder, 15-25 μm of range grain size
(2) Al powder, about 15-25 μm of range grain size
(3) CuO powder, grain size are less than 1 μm
(4) natural flaky graphite powder (Gr), 10-20 μm of range grain size
(5) Cr powder, 8-12 μm of range grain size
(6) La powder, 3-7 μm of range grain size
The quality proportioning of each powder is as shown in table 1.
1 powder main component of table and mass percent
Since, since local temperature is excessively high, ball-milled powder is easy and abrading-ball, tank skin soldering in Process During High Energy Ball Milling, to The reuse for influencing abrading-ball and ball grinder, so the adition process controlling agent in metal mixed powder.Process control agent is: Octadecanoid acid, skeleton symbol are:CH3(CH2)16COOH。
Mixed powder is made by the above mass percent, adition process controlling agent carries out ball milling using planetary ball mill.Ball milling Technique is:Planetary ball mill, process control agent octadecanoid acid content are powder quality 1%, ratio of grinding media to material (mass ratio) 20:1, ball Grind rotating speed 500r/min, Ball-milling Time 10h.
Discharge plasma sintering process is:
Sintering mold material is graphite, is sintered initial pressure 5MPa, and sintering dwell pressure is 40MPa, and vacuum degree is less than 10Pa, 100 DEG C/min of heating rate, sintering 6min is prepared into composite material at 800 DEG C, with stove cycle water cooling after the completion of sintering But, many experiments find that the material comprehensive performance prepared by this parameter is best.
1、Cu-Al2O3The microscopic structure of five yuan of Cu-base composites of-Cr-Gr-La
Fig. 2 is the SEM microscopic appearances of agglomerated material, wherein white pointing object is nanometer Al2O3Particle, grey black are matrix Cu or Cu-Cr-Gr-La alloys, aterrimus are hole.As seen from the figure, hole is all fewer in 2 kinds of materials, shows that SPS methods are to burn Tie the effective means of mechanical alloying composite powder.Al2O3In/Cu composite materials, nanometer Al2O3Particle dispersion is relatively uniform, but It is the presence of slight reunite;Cu-Al2O3Five yuan of Cu-base composites agglomerations of-Cr-Gr-La mitigate.It should be the result shows that addition be suitable The rare earth La of amount and other alloying elements are conducive to avoid a nanometer Al2O3The generation of particle agglomeration, to promote nano particle disperse The performance of invigoration effect.
2, the physical and mechanical properties of composite material
The physical and mechanical properties of composite material prepared by same process are shown in Table 2.There it can be seen that Al2O3Addition can To greatly improve hardness, the tensile strength of pure Cu, but electric conductivity only has the 55.6% of pure Cu;And Cu-Al2O3Five yuan of-Cr-Gr-La Cu-base composites improving hardness and on the basis of tensile strength, electric conductivity up to pure Cu 76.9%.
The physical and mechanical properties of 2 Cu-base composites of table
3, composite material stretching fracture morphology analysis
To pure Cu, Al2O3/ Cu and Cu-Al2O3The stretching fracture of five yuan of-Cr-Gr-La, three kinds of Cu-base composites materials is made Comparative analysis.The SEM patterns of 3 kinds of stretching fractures are shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 3 (a) is the stretching fracture SEM patterns of pure Cu samples, it is characterized in that typical isometric dimple, illustrates the crystalline substance of material Grain is tiny, and dimple is cleaner, slightly the clast of Cu or is mingled with, and the surrounding of " nest " tearing rib is thinner, more, shows material Plasticity is preferable.
Fig. 3 (b) is Al2O3The stretching fracture SEM patterns of/Cu composite materials, Fracture Characteristics are that based on isometric dimple and have The inconsistent deformation opening dimple of a small amount of opening direction, this feature of fracture reflect sample in tension test, sample two A collet to neutral not so good, cause in stretching except direct stress in addition to also distorting stress, but the tensile strength of the sample reaches 395MPa.Clast in the sample dimple is more compared with pure Cu fractures, and the purer Cu's of tearing deformation rib around dimple is thick less, shows The plasticity ratio pure Cu of the material is low.
Fig. 3 (c) is Cu-Al2O3The stretching fracture SEM patterns of five yuan of Cu-base composites of-Cr-Gr-La, it is characterized in that waiting Axis dimple and more and wide tearings deform rib.Compared with Fig. 3 (b), isometric dimple is smaller, and it is more, thinner to tear rib.This is special Sign illustrates Cu-Al2O3The intensity index and Al of five yuan of Cu-base composites of-Cr-Gr-La2O3/ Cu composite materials are suitable, but toughness The former is better than the latter.
Cu-Al2O3The key point of five yuan of Cu-base composites of-Cr-Gr-La is the composition design and work of multi-element composite material Skill realization method, emphasis are the proportionings of the various powder such as Cu powder, Al powder, CuO powder, graphite powder (Gr), Cr powder, La powder, especially The parameter size of ball-milling technology and sintering process determines the comprehensive performance of material after sintering.Its rare earth elements Cr powder and La Powder can play the role of purification crystal boundary, improve electric conductivity.Graphite powder plays the role of reduction friction coefficient, improves electric conductivity.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of preparation process of five yuan of Cu-base composites, it is characterised in that:
Raw material powder ingredient and mass percent are as follows:
Mixed powder is made by the above mass percent, adition process controlling agent carries out ball milling, process control agent octadecanoid acid content For powder quality 1%,
Discharge plasma sintering process is:
Sintering mold material is graphite, is sintered initial pressure 5MPa, and sintering dwell pressure is 40MPa, and vacuum degree is less than 10Pa, rises 100 DEG C/min of warm rate, sintering 6min is prepared into composite material, furnace cooling after the completion of sintering at 800 DEG C.
2. technique according to claim 1, feature exist:Ball-milling technology is:Ball material mass ratio 20:1, rotational speed of ball-mill 500r/min, Ball-milling Time 10h.
CN201810252387.8A 2018-03-26 2018-03-26 Five yuan of Cu-base composites of one kind and preparation process Pending CN108441671A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109504872A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-03-22 山东阳谷电缆集团有限公司 A kind of high-strength wearable copper alloy contact wire and its preparation process
WO2020064295A1 (en) * 2018-09-26 2020-04-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Powder mixture for producing an electrical contact material, method for producing the electrical contact material using the powder mixture, electrical contact material and use of the electrical contact material

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104674040A (en) * 2014-12-12 2015-06-03 吕英杰 Method for preparing Al2O3GrCu composite material
CN105087981A (en) * 2015-07-31 2015-11-25 陕西斯瑞工业有限责任公司 Preparation method for novel welding-resistant ablation-resistant long-service-life copper-chromium contact material
CN105543535A (en) * 2015-12-18 2016-05-04 聊城大学 Al4SiC4 and Cr cooperative reinforcement net-shaped/globular copper material and preparation method
US20170130299A1 (en) * 2015-05-22 2017-05-11 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Method for manufacturing copper alloy and copper alloy
CN106834792A (en) * 2017-01-24 2017-06-13 付亚波 Add high intensity, dispersion-strengthened Cu of high conductivity of Rare Earth Lanthanum and preparation method thereof
CN107604331A (en) * 2017-09-05 2018-01-19 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 A kind of method that Cu/Ti amorphous multilayer films are prepared with solid phase reaction technology

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104674040A (en) * 2014-12-12 2015-06-03 吕英杰 Method for preparing Al2O3GrCu composite material
US20170130299A1 (en) * 2015-05-22 2017-05-11 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Method for manufacturing copper alloy and copper alloy
CN105087981A (en) * 2015-07-31 2015-11-25 陕西斯瑞工业有限责任公司 Preparation method for novel welding-resistant ablation-resistant long-service-life copper-chromium contact material
CN105543535A (en) * 2015-12-18 2016-05-04 聊城大学 Al4SiC4 and Cr cooperative reinforcement net-shaped/globular copper material and preparation method
CN106834792A (en) * 2017-01-24 2017-06-13 付亚波 Add high intensity, dispersion-strengthened Cu of high conductivity of Rare Earth Lanthanum and preparation method thereof
CN107604331A (en) * 2017-09-05 2018-01-19 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 A kind of method that Cu/Ti amorphous multilayer films are prepared with solid phase reaction technology

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020064295A1 (en) * 2018-09-26 2020-04-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Powder mixture for producing an electrical contact material, method for producing the electrical contact material using the powder mixture, electrical contact material and use of the electrical contact material
CN109504872A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-03-22 山东阳谷电缆集团有限公司 A kind of high-strength wearable copper alloy contact wire and its preparation process

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Application publication date: 20180824