CN102426867B - Whisker reinforced copper-based electrical contact material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Whisker reinforced copper-based electrical contact material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102426867B CN102426867B CN 201110246215 CN201110246215A CN102426867B CN 102426867 B CN102426867 B CN 102426867B CN 201110246215 CN201110246215 CN 201110246215 CN 201110246215 A CN201110246215 A CN 201110246215A CN 102426867 B CN102426867 B CN 102426867B
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Abstract
The invention provides a whisker reinforced copper-based electrical contact material. The material comprises electrolytic copper powder, copper alloy powder and silicon carbide whiskers or tetra-needle like zinc oxide whiskers, wherein the copper alloy powder contains one or any composition of aluminium, zirconium, tellurium, silver, titanium, boron and rare-earth elements. A preparation method of the material comprises the following steps: proportionally mixing the whiskers with the electrolytic copper powder and copper alloy powder and ball-milling the mixture on a high energy ball mill under the protective atmosphere of argon to obtain uniform mixed powder; carrying out cold isostatic pressing on the obtained mixed powder to obtain a cylindrical blank; sintering the cylindrical blank under the protective atmosphere of argon; repressing the sintered blank; resintering the repressed blank under the protective atmosphere of argon; carrying out hot extrusion on the resintered blank to form a plate; carrying out aging treatment on the plate under the protective atmosphere of argon; and rolling or drawing the section subjected to aging treatment and then blanking the section according to the product size. The electrical contact material has the advantages of good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, fusion welding resistance, arc ablation resistance and corrosion resistance and especially good high-temperature oxidation resistance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the electric contact material technical field, relate to a kind of copper-based electrical contact material and preparation method.
Background technology
In present disclosed contact patent and the contact material used, a class is the Ag-based electrical contact material take silver as principal component, and another kind of is copper-based electrical contact material take copper as principal component.Ag-based electrical contact material electrical property take silver as principal component is fine, and cost is very high.The cost of material is low for copper-based electrical contact take copper as principal component, and electrical property is still not as silver-based contact.In the increasing world today of contact use amount, the silver that is used for contact increases year by year, and this is just in the urgent need to a kind of contact material that can replace silver-based contact fully.Whisker refers to a kind of fiber of growing into the monocrystalline form under the manual control condition, its diameter very little (micron number magnitude), do not contain the defective (crystal boundary, dislocation, hole etc.) that exists in the common material, its atomic arrangement high-sequential, thereby its intensity is close to the theoretical value of perfect crystal.Its mechanical strength equals in abutting connection with interatomic force.The height-oriented structure of whisker not only makes it have high strength, high-modulus and high elongation rate, but also has electricity, light, magnetic, dielectric, conduction, superconduct character.Four acicular type zinc oxide crystal whisker is unique whisker with stereoeffect in all whiskers so far, solid four needle-like three-dimensional structures because of its uniqueness, be readily embodied in the even distribution in the basis material, thereby isotropically improve the physical property of material, give simultaneously the functional characteristic of the multiple uniqueness of material, such as superhigh intensity, isotropism, excellent thermal endurance, adjustable electric property, Nano semiconductor activity.Particularly the fusing point of zinc oxide is higher than 1800 ℃, four acicular type zinc oxide crystal whisker can be anti-1720 ℃ the characteristics of high temperature (being higher than this temperature may distil), can not stay the composition that remaining impact is conducted electricity in contact surface as anti-melting welding composition in the contact material, have advantageous advantage.Silicon carbide whisker has good mechanical performance, thermal endurance, durable corrosivity and high temperature oxidation resistance equally, and this new product and host material have good compatibility.Particularly when contact work produced electric arc, silicon carbide whisker can absorb oxygen, stoped or reduce the oxidation of copper matrix, and under the high-temperature electric arc effect, it is metallic copper that the carbon monoxide that its burning produces can make the copper oxide reduction of contact surface simultaneously.Adopt powder metallurgy process in the copper matrix, to add silicon carbide whisker or ZnOw, when playing dispersion-strengthened action, very little on the material electric conductivity impact.Can play good anti-melting welding, arc resistant ablation, anti-oxidant particularly resistance to high temperature oxidation as high and low voltage electrical equipment with the contact use, improve resistance to wear, improve contact resistance, reduce the effects such as temperature rise, raising electric life.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high strength, high conduction, high heat conduction, resistance to oxidation, anti-melting welding, anti-electrical arc erosion and the long silicon carbide whisker of electric life or ZnOw to strengthen copper-based electric contact material and preparation technology thereof.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
Whisker strengthens copper-based electric contact material and is comprised of electrolytic copper powder, copper alloy powder and whisker, and whisker is silicon carbide whisker or four acicular type zinc oxide crystal whisker, and whisker accounts for 0.05～10% of contact material total weight; Contain a kind of or any combination in the aluminium that accounts for contact material total weight 0.05～5%, zirconium, tellurium, silver, titanium, boron, the rare earth element in the copper alloy powder.
The preparation method that a kind of whisker strengthens copper-based electric contact material is as follows:
(1) whisker mixes in proportion with electrolytic copper powder, copper alloy powder, and under argon shield atmosphere, ball milling is 6～12 hours on high energy ball mill, obtains uniform mixed-powder; Described electrolytic copper powder and copper alloy powder particle mean size are-200 orders; A kind of or any combination in the aluminium that copper alloy powder contains, zirconium, tellurium, silver, titanium, boron, the rare earth element, copper alloy powder is made with water atomization;
(2) mixed-powder that obtains being become diameter with cold isostatic press isostatic cool pressing under 250～300MPa is the cylinder blank of 50mm;
(3) with cylinder blank sintering 1～4 hour under argon shield atmosphere, 800～1000 ℃ of temperature;
(4) the multiple pressure under 500～600 tons pressure of the blank behind the sintering;
(5) in 800～960 ℃ of resinterings, sintering temperature is 1～2 hour to the blank after multiple the pressure under argon shield atmosphere;
(6) blank behind the resintering is hot extruded into sheet material under 700～950 ℃;
(7) sheet material carries out Ageing Treatment under argon shield atmosphere, 500～870 ℃ for the treatment of temperatures, 1～3 hour processing time;
(8) will through after the section rolling of Ageing Treatment or the drawing processing, carry out stamping-out processing by product size.
Whisker of the present invention strengthens copper-based electric contact material, has the premium properties of metal and pottery concurrently, and not only intensity is high, and possesses good conductivity, thermal conductivity, the good characteristics such as anti-melting welding, arc ablation resistance, corrosion-resistant, anti-oxidant especially high-temperature oxidation resistance.Can be widely used in contact material, such as high and low voltage electrical equipment contact material, brush, pantograph pan etc.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
It is to be that 0.05～10% silicon carbide whisker or ZnOw prepare by powder metallurgy process method by electrolytic copper powder, copper alloy powder and percentage by weight that whisker of the present invention strengthens copper-based electric contact material.
Embodiment 1:
(1) silicon carbide whisker: 1.5kg; The yellow gold powder of argentiferous 1kg: 10kg and electrolytic copper powder: 88.5kg is under argon shield atmosphere, and ball milling is 6 hours on high energy ball mill, obtains uniform mixed-powder; Described electrolytic copper powder and yellow gold powder particle mean size are-200 orders; The yellow gold powder is made with water atomization;
(2) mixed-powder that obtains being become diameter with cold isostatic press isostatic cool pressing under 250MPa is the cylinder blank of 50mm;
(3) with cylinder blank sintering 1 hour under argon shield atmosphere, 1000 ℃ of temperature;
(4) the multiple pressure under 500 tons pressure of the blank behind the sintering;
(5) in 800 ℃ of resinterings, sintering temperature is 2 hours to the blank after multiple the pressure under argon shield atmosphere;
(6) blank behind the resintering is hot extruded into sheet material under 700 ℃;
(7) sheet material carries out Ageing Treatment under argon shield atmosphere, 500 ℃ for the treatment of temperatures, 3 hours processing times;
(8) will through after the section rolling of Ageing Treatment or the drawing processing, carry out stamping-out processing by product size.
Embodiment 2
(1) ZnOw powder: 50kg; The copper lanthanum alloy powder that contains lanthanum 30kg: 200kg and electrolytic copper powder: 750kg is under argon shield atmosphere, and ball milling is 8 hours on high energy ball mill, obtains uniform mixed-powder; Described electrolytic copper powder and copper lanthanum alloy powder particle mean size are-200 orders; Copper lanthanum alloy powder is made with water atomization;
(2) mixed-powder that obtains being become diameter with cold isostatic press isostatic cool pressing under 280MPa is the cylinder blank of 50mm;
(3) with cylinder blank sintering 2 hours under argon shield atmosphere, 90 ℃ of temperature;
(4) the multiple pressure under 550 tons pressure of the blank behind the sintering;
(5) in 860 ℃ of resinterings, sintering temperature is 1.3 hours to the blank after multiple the pressure under argon shield atmosphere;
(6) blank behind the resintering is hot extruded into sheet material under 800 ℃;
(7) sheet material carries out Ageing Treatment under argon shield atmosphere, 700 ℃ for the treatment of temperatures, 1.5 hours processing times;
(8) will through after the section rolling of Ageing Treatment or the drawing processing, carry out stamping-out processing by product size.
Embodiment 3
(1) ZnOw: 0.5kg; The kuttern powder that contains tellurium 0.4kg: 10kg; The lanthanum copper alloy powder that contains lanthanum 0.3kg: 10%; Contain aluminium 0.1kg copper-aluminium alloy powder: 10kg; The copper zirconium alloy powder that contains zirconium 0.05kg: 10kg and electrolytic copper powder 59.5kg are under argon shield atmosphere, and ball milling is 9 hours on high energy ball mill, obtains uniform mixed-powder; Described electrolytic copper powder, copper tellurium bronze, lanthanum copper alloy powder, copper-aluminium alloy powder and copper zirconium alloy powder particle mean size are-200 orders; Copper tellurium bronze, lanthanum copper alloy powder, copper-aluminium alloy powder and copper zirconium alloy powder are made with water atomization;
(2) mixed-powder that obtains being become diameter with cold isostatic press isostatic cool pressing under 280MPa is the cylinder blank of 50mm;
(3) with cylinder blank sintering 3 hours under argon shield atmosphere, 900 ℃ of temperature;
(4) the multiple pressure under 580 tons pressure of the blank behind the sintering;
(5) in 900 ℃ of resinterings, sintering temperature is 1.5 hours to the blank after multiple the pressure under argon shield atmosphere;
(6) blank behind the resintering is hot extruded into sheet material under 900 ℃;
(7) sheet material carries out Ageing Treatment under argon shield atmosphere, 850 ℃ for the treatment of temperatures, 1.5 hours processing times;
(8) will through after the section rolling of Ageing Treatment or the drawing processing, carry out stamping-out processing by product size.
Embodiment 4
(1) silicon carbide whisker 0.05kg, the kuttern powder 20kg that contains tellurium 3g, the copper lanthanum alloy powder 20kg that contains lanthanum 1g, the copper-aluminium alloy powder 10kg that contains aluminium 0.5g, the copper zirconium alloy powder 10kg that contains zirconium 0.5g and electrolytic copper powder 39.95kkg, under argon shield atmosphere, ball milling is 12 hours on high energy ball mill, obtains uniform mixed-powder; Described electrolytic copper powder, kuttern powder, copper lanthanum alloy powder, copper-aluminium alloy powder and copper zirconium alloy powder particle mean size are-200 orders; Kuttern powder, copper lanthanum alloy powder, copper-aluminium alloy powder and copper zirconium alloy powder are made with water atomization.
(2) the mixed-powder isostatic cool pressing under 300MPa that obtains being become diameter is the cylinder blank of 50mm.
(3) in 1000 ℃ of sintering, sintering temperature is 1 hour to the cylinder blank under argon shield atmosphere.
(4) the multiple pressure under 600 tons pressure of the blank behind the sintering.
(5) in 960 ℃ of resinterings, sintering temperature is 1 hour to the blank after multiple the pressure under argon shield atmosphere.
(6) blank behind the resintering is hot extruded into sheet material under 950 ℃.
(7) sheet material carries out Ageing Treatment under argon shield atmosphere, 870 ℃ for the treatment of temperatures, 1 hour processing time;
(8) will through after the section rolling of Ageing Treatment or the drawing processing, carry out stamping-out processing by product size.
Embodiment 5
(1) ZnOw: 10kg; Contain tellurium 0.05g kuttern powder: 10kg and electrolytic copper powder: 80kg is under argon shield atmosphere, and ball milling is 12 hours on high energy ball mill, obtains uniform mixed-powder; Described electrolytic copper powder and kuttern powder particle mean size are-200 orders; The kuttern powder is made with water atomization;
(2) mixed-powder that obtains being become diameter with cold isostatic press isostatic cool pressing under 250～300MPa is the cylinder blank of 50mm;
(3) with cylinder blank sintering 4 hours under argon shield atmosphere, 1000 ℃ of temperature;
(4) the multiple pressure under 600 tons pressure of the blank behind the sintering;
(5) in 960 ℃ of resinterings, sintering temperature is 2 hours to the blank after multiple the pressure under argon shield atmosphere;
(6) blank behind the resintering is hot extruded into sheet material under 950 ℃;
(7) sheet material carries out Ageing Treatment under argon shield atmosphere, 870 ℃ for the treatment of temperatures, 3 hours processing times;
(8) will through after the section rolling of Ageing Treatment or the drawing processing, carry out stamping-out processing by product size.
Add a small amount of silver in the copper and through excessive deformation process, can improve its intensity, hardness, increase that electricity is led, thermal conductance and corrosion resistance, improve mobile and wettability is also improved the cold and hot working performance.In copper, add in right amount rare earth element, can improve the oxidation resistance of acid bronze alloy low temperature and high temperature, improve intensity and the recrystallization temperature of acid bronze alloy, and conductivity slightly is improved.In copper, add in right amount medium and high temperature oxidation resistance, Burning corrosion resistance energy and decay resistance that zirconium, chromium, aluminium can improve copper-based material.Aluminium, tellurium can reduce contact temperature and have the arc extinguishing effect by its vaporization as contact material the time.Boron can absorb oxygen when contact is worked, prevent or reduce the oxidation of copper-base contact material.
Claims (1)
1. a whisker strengthens the preparation method of copper-based electric contact material, it is characterized in that method is as follows:
(1) contact material is comprised of electrolytic copper powder, copper alloy powder and whisker, and whisker is silicon carbide whisker or four acicular type zinc oxide crystal whisker, and whisker accounts for 0.05～10% of contact material total weight; Contain a kind of or any combination in the aluminium that accounts for contact material total weight 0.05～5%, zirconium, tellurium, silver, titanium, boron, the rare earth element in the copper alloy powder, whisker mixes in proportion with electrolytic copper powder, copper alloy powder, under argon shield atmosphere, ball milling is 6～12 hours on high energy ball mill, obtains uniform mixed-powder; Described electrolytic copper powder and copper alloy powder particle mean size are-200 orders; Copper alloy powder is made with water atomization;
(2) mixed-powder that obtains being become diameter with cold isostatic press isostatic cool pressing under 250～300MPa is the cylinder blank of 50mm;
(3) with cylinder blank sintering 1～4 hour under argon shield atmosphere, 800～1000 ℃ of temperature;
(4) the multiple pressure under 500～600 tons pressure of the blank behind the sintering;
(5) in 800～960 ℃ of resinterings, sintering temperature is 1～2 hour to the blank after multiple the pressure under argon shield atmosphere;
(6) blank behind the resintering is hot extruded into sheet material under 700～950 ℃;
(7) sheet material carries out Ageing Treatment under argon shield atmosphere, 500～870 ℃ for the treatment of temperatures, 1～3 hour processing time;
(8) will through after the section rolling of Ageing Treatment or the drawing processing, carry out stamping-out processing by product size.
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| CN103668012B (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2015-11-04 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | A kind of enhancement type Cu-base composites and its preparation method and application |
| CN103028604B (en) * | 2012-10-16 | 2016-01-06 | 浙江乐银合金有限公司 | A kind of hot rolling processing method of copper-based electrical contact material |
| CN104404404A (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-03-11 | 宁波新睦新材料有限公司 | Preparation method of copper-based composite material and copper-based composite material |
| CN106329286B (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2019-06-11 | 苏州东南佳新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of EMU ground connection reflux unit brush |
| CN105428148B (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2019-03-29 | 芜湖楚江合金铜材有限公司 | The high-power compound electric connector of one kind and its processing technology |
| CN106001979B (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2018-01-30 | 厦门圣之岛金属科技有限公司 | A kind of graphene ZnOw Tin Composite Material and preparation method thereof |
| CN110216282B (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2024-03-26 | 上海新池能源科技有限公司 | Preparation method of copper-based alloy contact |
| CN114914109B (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2023-03-28 | 浙江省冶金研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of copper-chromium-tellurium-copper-chromium composite contact |
| CN115821094B (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2024-03-29 | 哈尔滨东大高新材料股份有限公司 | Copper-based electrical contact material with high tellurium content and preparation method thereof |
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