CN108422644B - 用于制造车辆的多部件构件的方法 - Google Patents

用于制造车辆的多部件构件的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108422644B
CN108422644B CN201810149656.8A CN201810149656A CN108422644B CN 108422644 B CN108422644 B CN 108422644B CN 201810149656 A CN201810149656 A CN 201810149656A CN 108422644 B CN108422644 B CN 108422644B
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air guiding
contact portion
guiding device
component
composite component
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CN108422644A (zh
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S·霍尔泽尔
F·卡亚德热
M·保利奇
J·鲁斯
M·拜尔
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/024—Thermal pre-treatments
    • B29C66/0242—Heating, or preheating, e.g. drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D35/00—Combined processes according to or processes combined with methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00
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    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B13/00—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
    • B29B13/02—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by heating
    • B29B13/023—Half-products, e.g. films, plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B13/00—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
    • B29B13/08—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by using wave energy or particle radiation
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    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
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    • B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/18—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. compression moulding around inserts or for coating articles
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B29C65/7844—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes cooperating with specially formed features of at least one of the parts to be joined, e.g. cooperating with holes or ribs of at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/0322—Post-pressing without reshaping, i.e. keeping the joint under pressure after joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C69/00—Combinations of shaping techniques not provided for in a single one of main groups B29C39/00 - B29C67/00, e.g. associations of moulding and joining techniques; Apparatus therefore
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/78—Moulding material on one side only of the preformed part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
    • B60K11/08—Air inlets for cooling; Shutters or blinds therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

一种用于制造车辆的多部件构件(200)的方法，尤其用于车辆底板，具有以下步骤：将至少一个空气导流装置(10)插入模具装置(300)的空腔的保持部分中，空气导流装置具有至少一个空气导流部分(30)和至少一个接触部分，为了压紧过程而将具有至少一个配合接触部分(140)的复合构件加热到复合构件的至少一种材料组分的熔点，将至少一个空气导流装置的至少一个接触部分加热到空气导流装置的接触部分(40)的至少一种材料组分的熔点，将被加热的该复合构件插入该模具装置的空腔(310)中，将被加热的该复合构件压紧成构件几何形状，同时在复合构件的至少一个配合接触部分(140)与空气导流装置(10)的接触部分(40)之间形成材料接合的连接。

Description

用于制造车辆的多部件构件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造车辆的多部件构件的方法以及一种在这样的方法中使用的空气导流装置。
背景技术
已知的是，在制造车辆时采用特别轻型的材料，以减轻重量，进而节省车辆用动力燃料。这导致了尤其是车辆外部零件由轻型结构材料制造。这也适用于车辆底板。在跑车中，通常在车辆外部构件上紧固有空气导流装置，例如扰流板系统。为了在由轻型结构材料构成的构件上紧固这样的扰流板系统，通常提供螺钉连接或者铆接连接。尤其在所谓的LWRT材料时就是这种情况，该LWRT材料也被称为轻型增强热塑性塑料(LightweightReinforced Thermoplastics)。在此，该LWRT材料是热塑性基材，在该热塑性基材中嵌埋有增强玻璃纤维或其他材料的纤维。通常，这样的LWRT材料作为板状预制品被加热且随后接受成型加工，在成型加工中，被加热的LWRT材料被压紧成其所期望的最终三维形状。
这些已知解决方案的缺点是，连接构件、尤其是LWRT构件在压紧后必须通过附加步骤与相关联的空气导流装置相连接。这导致额外的安装支出，进而导致更高的制造成本。另一个缺点是，由于呈螺钉或铆钉形式的连接器件还额外地需要多个构件。尤其是在这些应用范围中需要加强的设计以提供所需要的机械稳定性，导致由于所述加强的设计而又要考虑更多的材料用量和更大的重量。
发明内容
本发明的目的是至少部分地消除上述缺点。本发明的目的尤其是以低成本的简单方式降低制造成本并保持或甚至提高机械稳定性。
上述目的一种空气导流装置来实现的，该空气导流装置具有带有至少一个空气导流部分和至少一个接触部分的基体，该至少一个接触部分用于接触复合构件的配合接触部分，其中，该接触部分具有至少一种材料组分，用于与该复合构件的配合接触部分的材料组分进行材料接合的连接。在此，结合根据本发明的方法所描述的特征和细节自然也适用于根据本发明的空气导流装置，并且相应地反之亦然，使得始终交替地参考或能够参考关于本发明的各个方面的公开内容。
根据本发明，提供了一种用于制造车辆的多部件构件的方法。在此，该方法尤其涉及制造车辆底板。这样的方法具有以下步骤：
-将至少一个空气导流装置插入到模具装置的空腔的保持部分中，该空气导流装置具有至少一个空气导流部分和至少一个接触部分，
-为了压紧过程而将具有至少一个配合接触部分的复合构件加热到该复合构件的至少一种材料组分的熔点，
-将该至少一个空气导流装置的至少一个接触部分加热到该空气导流装置的该接触部分的至少一种材料组分的熔点
-将被加热的该复合构件插入该模具装置的该空腔中，
-将被加热的该复合构件压紧成构件几何形状，同时在该复合构件的该至少一个配合接触部分与该空气导流装置的该接触部分之间形成材料接合的连接。
因此，本发明的方法将复合构件的制造和压紧或成型与空气导流装置的连接结合在一起。这样使得可以避免至少一个安装步骤，即在该空气导流装置(一方面)与该复合构件(另一方面)之间的紧固。由此，由于省掉连接构件可以降低制造成本和减轻附加重量。
因此，根据本发明，现在执行至少两个构件的组合。一方面，提供一种复合构件，该复合构件尤其被设计成所谓的LWRT构件或者LWRT预制品。这样的复合构件或这样的LWRT预制品被加热成在加热后的状态下具有如下温度：使得该复合构件内的基质材料在高于这种材料熔点的温度下处于熔融后的状态下。因为在这种状态中，该复合构件尤其具有柔性状态，所以在加热时刻该复合构件可以被夹紧在夹紧框中。此外，被插入相关联的保持部分中的空气导流装置现在处于空腔中。该空气导流装置配备有接触部分，这些接触部分是针对与复合构件的可连接性进行设计的。为了可以以材料接合的方式提供这种连接，现在接触部分、尤其是仅或唯有空气导流装置的接触部分同样被加热。因此也将空气导流装置的接触部分置于如下温度：使得这些接触部分可以与复合构件的复合材料的相关联基质材料进行材料接合的连接。
现在一旦将被加热的空气导流装置和被加热的复合构件被插入到空腔中，就可以进行压紧。在压紧过程中，自动地同时完成两项功能。一方面，按照已知方式在空腔内由平坦的复合构件压紧或成型出期望的三维形状。优选地，在此时刻也进行冷却过程，以使复合构件内的基质材料或基质物质凝固。但同时在压紧或成型时还通过复合构件的配合接触部分给空气导流装置的接触部分施加压力。为此，相关联的模具优选被设计成完全固结到复合构件的接触部分上，使得压力作用于该接触部分。通过在接触部分与配合接触部分之间的增大的压力以及这两种材料的预先加热，使得在这些接触部分中实现材料接合的连接，也可以说是压紧焊接。在这里，也优选可以已经在压紧过程或成型过程中或者在压紧过程或成型过程之后进行附加冷却。一旦压紧过程结束，则模具装置被打开且可以从空腔中取出多部件构件，在此，单独的空气导流装置已经与该复合构件形成了牢固的、材料接合的连接。如从该步骤中知道的，省掉了用于安装这些空气导流装置的附加步骤。也不需要呈铆钉或螺钉形式的附加紧固器件来执行这种紧固。除了制造成本降低外，制造被提速，同时可以实现如下的多部件构件，这些多部件构件在稳定性不变或甚至更高的情况下具有较轻的重量。
构件内的相应材料例如可以是合成材料。因此，例如在复合构件内待熔化的材料可以是聚丙烯。在空气导流部分的接触部分中可以使用相同的、但也可以是不同的组分作为材料。在此以TPE为例。当然，也可以将其他的材料组合用于本发明的方法。
可以获得的优点是：在本发明的方法中借助热辐射执行复合构件的加热和/或空气导流装置的至少一个接触部分的加热。换言之，提供非接触式热传递，以确保热输入到复合构件和/或空气导流装置的接触部分中。例如可以提供红外辐射器作为热辐射的可能传递方案。通过热辐射进行的非接触式热传递是特别成本有效且简单的。此外，因为缺少接触而可以被用于不同的几何形状。因此，可以安排热辐射器，无论各接触部分和/或该复合构件在其待辐射状态下具有哪种实际几何形状。由此，也可以在同一模具装置中针对不同几何形状获得更灵活的使用。此外，热辐射器可以输入不同热能。这提高了进一步优化焊接过程的灵活性。
同样有利的是：在本发明的方法中，在该空气导流装置的至少一个接触部分与该复合构件的至少一个配合接触部分之间形成完全或基本完全的形状配合的连接。原则上，在本发明的方法中，接触部分的子部分中的材料接合的连接是可行的或足够的。但为了确保尽可能最大化的机械稳定性，完全或基本完全地形成材料接合的连接。这意味着，在加热步骤中这些接触部分和配合接触部分被基本完全加热，以便在所有区域内都高出相关联的材料组分的熔点。在压紧时，优选在整个接触部分和整个配合接触部分上施加恒定的且尤其是连续的压力，以便也能提供完全的接触和焊接，用于在接触部分的整个宽度上产生材料接合的连接。为此，焊接连接还可以被进一步确保且此外可以避免或减少不希望的在这种焊接连接内的空气滞留。
还有利的是：在本发明的方法中，对于加热该空气导流装置的至少一个接触部分的步骤而言，该空气导流装置的其他部分、尤其是该空气导流部分相对于所述加热是被隔热的。在尤其借助热辐射的热学加热期间，空气导流装置的接触部分的基质材料或材料组分被加热到高出这种材料组分的熔点。原则上，该空气导流装置可以由唯一的材料混合物或由多种不同的材料混合物组合成。但如果空气导流部分就像也适用于接触部分那样由相同的材料混合物形成，则加热有可能导致空气导流部分的稳定性在压紧过程中损失。为了避免不希望的变形，通过空气导流部分或空气导流装置的与相应接触部分分开形成的其他部分的隔热，可以只在希望的区域中进行针对性的加热。换言之，在空气导流装置的其他部分内的材料组分因这种隔热而保持基本上不受热辐射影响，从而在这些其他部分中的相应材料组分也未高出熔点。换言之，尽管接触部分被加热，但在空气导流装置的其他部分中保持获得或基本获得机械稳定性。
还可能有利的是，在本发明的方法中，该空气导流装置借助于至少一个空气导流部分被插入空腔的保持部分中。在此，该保持部分优选被设计用于形状配合地容纳该空气导流部分。因此该保持部分用于提供机械支撑并由此确保压紧过程中的力传递。此外，通过相应的保持部分还可以提供定中心，从而相对于待生产的多部件构件的三维形状提供相应空气导流装置的精确定位。在此，机械稳定化尤其避免空气导流部分在压紧过程中的不希望的弯曲。该保持部分内的凹陷部在此优选大到可以使长短不同的空气导流部分插入其中。由此，明显提高模具装置的使用灵活性。因此，可以针对不同车辆提供具有相应空气导流面的不同大小的空气导流部分。如果例如跑车被设计用于高速和空气动力学驱动，则相应的底板可以作为多部件构件设置有相应长的空气导流部。而如果是普通车辆，则只需要用于空气导流部分的较小的空气导流面。空气导流部分的较短延伸尺寸现在也匹配于该空腔的原则上如此深地设计的保持部分，使得同一模具装置也可以被用于制造这种多部件构件。
当然，保持部分也可以是隔热的，就像在先前段落中所详述的那样。
同样地，本发明的主题是一种在本发明方法中使用的空气导流装置，该空气导流装置具有带有至少一个空气导流部分和至少一个接触部分的基体。该接触部分被设计成用于接触复合构件的配合接触部分。在此，该接触部分具有至少一种材料组分，用于与该复合构件的配合接触部分的材料组分进行材料接合的连接。在这里已经指明，该复合构件和该空气导流装置都可以具有唯一的材料混合物或者不同材料混合物的组合。当然，这种方式和其他方式或任何组合可以根据使用状况不同而带来优点。该复合构件在此优选是已多次说明的LWRT构件。空气导流装置本身例如可以具有T形截面，从而接触部分横向于且尤其是垂直于或者基本垂直于空气导流部分地延伸。该基体优选基本上只由该至少一个接触部分和该空气导流部分形成，以避免附加重量和附加结构空间。由此，本发明的空气导流装置带来了与关于本发明方法详细描述的一样的优点。此外，通过省略附加的紧固器件也减小了所需的结构空间。
有利的是，在本发明的空气导流装置中，该至少一个接触部分至少部分地具有尤其呈表面凸起形式的表面扩大部。因此，例如可以设置带有三角形或其他截面的附设的肋，以便为该接触部分提供增大的表面。一方面，增大的表面使得热输入被改善。本发明方法的用于加热接触部分的步骤通过这些表面扩大部被提速，这是因为在相同的时间跨度内可以输入更多热量。此外，用于随后压紧过程的有效的接触面增大，以便尽可能快速有利地使焊接实现材料接合的连接。此外，可以通过该表面扩大部来预定传导功能。因此，这些表面凸起例如可以呈通道状地设计，以便将在压紧过程中可能出现的空气滞留从接触部分与配合接触部分之间的连接部分引导排出或压迫排出。尤其是，可以通过呈肋条结构形式的表面扩大部获得局部压力增大，这在压紧过程中实现更好的材料接合。
还有利的是，在本发明的空气导流装置中，该至少一个接触部分被设置在基体背离至少一个空气导流部分的一侧并且尤其是具有与该至少一个空气导流部分关联的凹陷部。该凹陷部优选在基体背面沿着空气导流部分的几何延伸方向延伸。该凹陷部也能以凹槽形式在背侧形成。在压紧过程中，通过表面减小或材料减少来避免在压紧时空气导流部分所不希望的变形。也可以将相关联的凹陷部同样用于在压紧过程中排出空气。尤其是，在这个凹陷部的区域内的减小的壁厚导致更短的冷却时间，这又有利地影响到整个加工时间。
此外有利的是，在本发明的空气导流装置中，该至少一个接触部分具有第一子接触部分和第二子接触部分，其中，该第一子接触部分关于该至少一个空气导流部分被设置在压力侧并且从该至少一个空气导流部分起具有比该第二子接触部分更小的宽度延伸尺寸，该第二子接触部分关于该至少一个空气导流部分被设置在负压侧。一旦该多部件构件处于紧固在车辆上的位置中，则该车辆具有限定的前行方向。在沿前行方向运动时，相应的空气流流入该空气导流部分。该流入侧被称为压力侧，而被设置在相反侧的负压侧被施以较低压力。现在，通过在使用中使空气流以限定的方式流入空气导流部分，原则上可以预见到在使用中出现的力状况。当尤其提供基本呈T形的截面时，这导致拉力作用于第一子接触部分，而压力作用于第二子接触部分以传递至该复合构件。现在，为了有利地对材料接合的连接进行负，通过非对称地设计宽度延伸尺寸，来获得力分布的非对称的位移。由此，通过压力从空气导流装置被传递到复合构件的力分量被增大，而通过较小的宽度延伸尺寸明显减小了第一子接触部分的拉力传递。在整个多部件构件的相同的机械稳定性和相同尺寸下，这实现了更高的使用时间并且尤其实现了在使用在相应车辆中时的更高的负载能力。
此外有利的是，在本发明的空气导流装置中，该至少一个空气导流部分至少部分地具有不同于该至少一个接触部分的材料。这样的空气导流装置也可以被称为双部件空气导流装置或双部件扰流板。尤其是，在此仅该接触部分对期望的材料接合的连接做好了准备，而该空气导流部分可以具有其他的材料组分。优选地，可以通过这种方式在空气导流部分中形成一定程度的基本柔性，从而当在车辆底板上采用空气导流装置时“硬安置”不导致空气导流装置的持久损伤，而是通过相应材料选择弹性复位力使空气导流部分又回到期望位置。
附图说明
本发明的其他的优点、特征和细节将从以下说明中显现，在以下说明中参照附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明。在此，在权利要求书和说明书中提及的特征可能分别以其本身单独地或以任意的组合方式对本发明是必要的。附图示意性地示出：
图1示出本发明方法的第一步骤，
图2示出本发明方法的另一步骤，
图3示出本发明方法的另一步骤，
图4示出本发明方法的另一步骤，
图5示出本发明方法的另一步骤，
图6示出本发明方法的另一步骤，
图7示出本发明的空气导流装置的一个实施方式，
图8示出本发明的空气导流装置的另一实施方式，
图9以另一图示示出图8的实施方式，
图10示出在本发明方法中使用的模具装置的图示，
图11示出另一空气导流装置，并且
图12示出另一空气导流装置。
具体实施方式
根据图1至6来详细说明本发明的方法。在此尤其还要指出的是，原则上可以并行地或按照任何顺序执行加热复合构件100、或空气导流装置10的接触部分40的步骤。重要的是，在模具装置中组装时，这两个构件、即复合构件100和空气导流装置10的接触部分40具有高于各材料组分之熔点的期望温度。
在图1中，复合构件100例如作为LWRT预制品在夹紧框320内被提供。在此，复合构件100已经设置有接触部分140，这些接触部分过渡至复合构件100的相应基体中。可选的夹紧框320用于保持，尤其是在借助加热装置330、通过红外辐照器使复合构件100达到高于复合构件100的基质材料的熔点的温度时。此刻，复合构件100被加热到使得该基质材料熔化，进而使得该复合构件100基本柔性地形成。
如图3所示，在之前、之后或同时平行地插入空气导流装置10。空气导流装置10的基体20以其空气导流部分30被插入模具装置300的空腔310的相关联的保持部分312中。图4示出了插入后的状态。在此状态下，通过形状配合地容纳在保持部分312中得到了空气导流部分30的机械稳定化。同时，空腔310通过其围绕空气导流部分30的形状配合，用于隔热或用于排热至模具，从而通过加热装置330也在此借助热辐射只使接触部分40达到相应温度，而空气导流部分30没有或仅较小部分地达到相应温度。一旦接触部分40同样已达到高于接触部分40内的基质材料的熔点的温度，则根据图5现在可以将已被加热的复合构件100连同夹紧框320置入空腔310中。空腔310借助模具装置300连同冲头从上方被封闭或按压，如图5所示。一旦空腔310完全闭合，那么现在两个空气导流装置10的接触部分40与复合构件100的相关联的配合接触部分140处于直接接触。一方面，通过空腔310的三维成型为复合构件100提供三维结构的压紧和形成，同时对被加热的接触部分40和被加热的配合接触部分140进行焊接以及由此的材料接合的连接。接着，可以进行可选的冷却步骤，该冷却步骤可以使多部件构件200脱模，如图6所示。此刻，接触部分40与配合接触部分140材料接合地连接，并且在此由一个复合构件100和两个空气导流装置10制成一个多部件构件200。
图7示出了一种提供空气导流装置10的可能性。在此，基本呈T形的截面具有基体20，该基体配备有朝下延伸的空气导流部分30。在横向延伸方向上，在此以两件式方式形成接触部分40。具有较小宽度延伸尺寸B的第一子接触部分40a在空气导流装置10的压力侧D向左延伸。具有较大宽度延伸尺寸B的第二子接触部分40b位于空气导流部分30的负压侧U。尤其与图8相关地在此看到，在压力侧D进行空气流的流入。一旦是这种情况，则来自这种空气流的相关联的力现在通过拉力从基体20经过第一子接触部分40a、并且通过压力经第二子接触部分40b传递到复合构件100中。现在，通过使在压力侧D的第一子接触部分40a的宽度延伸尺寸B相比于第二子接触部分40b被减小，在这一侧的杆臂减小，使得待传递的拉力分量减小并且待传递的压力分量增大。压力传入的非对称分布使得由于空气流负载而实现了机械稳定性的提高。
如同样从图7可以得出的，在接触部分40的上侧设置有表面凸起42，在此作为具有三角形截面的基本为肋形的构型。这在压紧过程中实现了局部压力增大，同时在接触部分40的加热过程中实现了更好的热输入。也在图7中能看到的背侧凹陷部44(它在此呈凹槽形式)，导致压紧过程中以及随后用在空气导流装置10中时的材料应力的减小。
图9还示出了：这种空气导流装置10的起始端能如何以相应三角形的截面来安排或设计。在这里，也还再次看到：关于接触部分40如何区分压力侧D和负压侧U。图10至图12示出了：模具装置300可以如何灵活地被用于不同的多部件构件200。例如，保持部分312在此被设计成如此深：即不仅可以插入正常的空气导流装置10(如图10以及如图3至图6所示)，也可以采用其他空气导流装置10的特别长的空气导流部分30(例如如图11所示)。如果期望具有较小空气导流功能的车辆，则根据图12还可以在同样深的保持部分312中插入相应空气导流装置10的小的空气导流部分30。更高的灵活性实现了可以采用相同的模具装置300用于不同的、期望的多部件构件200。
本发明仅在示例范围内对这些实施方式的上述解释进行描述。在此，在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下，这些实施方式的单独的特征(只要技术上有意义)能够彼此自由组合。

Claims (6)

1.一种空气导流装置(10)，该空气导流装置具有带有至少一个空气导流部分(30)和至少一个接触部分(40)的基体(20)，该至少一个接触部分用于接触复合构件(100)的配合接触部分(140)，其中，该接触部分(40)具有至少一种材料组分，用于与该复合构件(100)的配合接触部分(140)的材料组分进行材料接合的连接，其中，该至少一个接触部分(40)具有第一子接触部分(40a)和第二子接触部分(40b)，其中，该第一子接触部分(40a)关于该至少一个空气导流部分(30)被设置在压力侧(D)并且从该至少一个空气导流部分(30)起具有比第二子接触部分(40b)更小的宽度延伸尺寸(B)，该第二子接触部分关于该至少一个空气导流部分(30)被设置在负压侧(U)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的空气导流装置(10)，其特征在于，该至少一个接触部分(40)至少部分地具有表面扩大部(42)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的空气导流装置(10)，其特征在于，该至少一个接触部分(40)被设置在该基体(20)的背离该至少一个空气导流部分(30)的一侧。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的空气导流装置(10)，其特征在于，该至少一个空气导流部分(30)至少部分地具有不同于该至少一个接触部分(40)的材料。
5.根据权利要求2所述的空气导流装置(10)，其特征在于，该表面扩大部(42)呈表面凸起形式。
6.根据权利要求3所述的空气导流装置(10)，其特征在于，该至少一个接触部分(40)具有与该至少一个空气导流部分(30)关联的凹陷部(44)。
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