CN108417292A - 含纳米有机银的晶体硅太阳能电池正面银浆及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种含有纳米有机银的晶体硅太阳能电池正面银浆及其制备方法。该方法首先用有机胺和氧化银制备出一种纳米有机银，然后将其与有机载体混合均匀以后，与银粉、玻璃粉、助剂混合均匀，分散机分散后用三辊机轧压，制得浆料，印刷后烧结。烧结时有机银还原为纳米银，填充了银粉之间的间隙，使得栅线更为致密，提高导电性。该正面银浆中，各组分的使用比例为：银粉80％‑95％，玻璃粉1％‑8％，有机载体1％‑10％，消泡剂0.1％‑1％，粘合剂0.05％‑5％，溶剂0.1％‑1％，有机银0.1％‑1.5％。本发明制得的正面银浆可以降低串联电阻，提高填充因子，提高太阳能电池的效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种含纳米有机银的晶体硅太阳能电池正面银浆及其制备方法，属于光伏原料技术领域。
背景技术
太阳能作为清洁能源的一种，取之不尽用之不竭，太阳能电池的发展日益得到重视。如何提高太阳能电池的光电转换效率，成为光伏能源领域的研究重点。银浆作为太阳能电池的重要组成部分，影响着太阳能电池的转化效率。
中国专利CN101986391A在银浆中加入了乙酰酮银、甲基丙烯酸银、乙酸银、草酸银等有机银盐的一种或多种，烧结过程中通过热分解作用析出纳米到亚微米级别的银粒子，使得银粉之间的间隙被填充，粒子之间的连通性更好，接触面积更大，提高了栅线的导电性。中国专利CN105280265A在银浆中加入了纳米银，低温条件下烧结时，熔融的银粒子接触硅片，首先形成导电通路，提高了导电性。中国专利CN103456801A采用比表面积在0.5-1.2m2/g的银粉配制银浆，银粉比表面积大，与硅片的接触面积也就也大，接触充分，且银粉之间填充紧密，烧结后可以得到均匀，致密的栅线。中国专利CN105321594A将含铌无铅玻璃粉与纳米银粉混合均匀后，在惰性气体氛围下进行熔融处理，冰淬粉碎后制得玻璃粉包覆纳米银粉，使得正银浆料的印刷过网能力得到进一步提高，烧结后电极致密性更加优异。氧化铌可提高玻璃粉机械强度，抑制玻璃粉烧结过程中析晶晶粒长大，使得正面电极拉力及其均匀性得到提高。因此电池片的串阻降低，转化效率提高。中国专利CN105845198A将石墨烯加入银浆中，制备出一种石墨烯改性的太阳能电池正面银浆。石墨烯是一维平面结构，具有高导电、导热性，可降低银浆与硅片的接触电阻，从而降低串联电阻，提高了太阳能电池的光电转换效率。
以上几种方法均可在一定程度上提高太阳能电池的光电转换效率，但均是将粉末固体添加到银浆中去的，增加了银浆的固含量和粘度，可能会出现沉降或是印刷不易过网等问题。
发明内容
本发明提供一种含纳米有机银的晶体硅太阳能电池正面银浆及其制备方法，提高太阳能电池的光电转换效率，。
本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种含纳米有机银的晶体硅太阳能电池正面银浆，包括以下质量分数的各组分：有机银0.1％-1.5％，有机载体1％-10％，银粉80％-95％，玻璃粉1％-8％，助剂0.25％-7％；
所述有机银包括铵盐、有机胺与氧化银，所述铵盐与氧化银的摩尔比1:1-5，所述的铵盐与有机胺的摩尔比为1:5-15；
所述有机载体包括以下质量分数的各组分：有机溶剂60％-80％，增塑剂1％-20％，触变剂1％-10％，增稠剂1％-10％。
优选的，所述的银粉为两种粒径银粉的混合物，包括银粉A与银粉B，所述银粉AD50为1.0-2.0μm，银粉BD50为1.5-2.5μm，所述银粉A与银粉B的质量比为1:2-6。
优选的，所述铵盐是碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵、硝酸铵中的一种或多种。
优选的，所述有机胺为二正己胺、正辛胺、十二胺、三乙醇胺中的一种或多种。
优选的，所述溶剂为二乙二醇丁醚、三乙醇胺、松油醇、乙二醇、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜中的一种或多种。
优选的，所述玻璃粉为锌-硼-硅酸盐体系、锑-铅-铋体系、锑-铅-硼体系中的一种或多种。
优选的，所述助剂包括消泡剂、粘合剂和溶剂，所述银浆包括以下质量分数的各组分：有机银0.1％-1.5％，有机载体1％-10％，银粉80％-95％，玻璃粉1％-8％，消泡剂0.1％-1％，粘合剂0.05％-5％，溶剂0.1％-1％。
其中，所述消泡剂为有机硅类消泡剂，粘合剂为钛酸四丁酯、聚乙烯醇、环氧树脂中的一种或多种，溶剂为油胺、十二碳醇酯、松油醇、松节油、环己酮中的一种或多种。
一种含纳米有机银的晶体硅太阳能电池正面银浆的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
a.将铵盐、有机胺加入溶剂中，室温下搅拌使其溶解；
b.铵盐溶解后，加入氧化银，室温下搅拌反应2-5h，得到有机银溶液；
c.将有机银溶液与有机载体混合均匀，然后与银粉、玻璃粉、助剂混合搅拌，用分散机分散均匀；
d.轧压制得银浆。
优选的，所述步骤d中使用三辊机轧压制，轧压3-8次。
本发明以氧化银、铵盐、有机胺为原料制备出一种有机银溶液，将其与有机载体以一定比例混合，与银粉、玻璃粉、助剂混合均匀后，用三辊机轧压制备浆料。碳酸铵在水中可电离生成氨，与氧化银发生反应生成银氨络离子，过量的有机胺也可与银离子络合，最终制得有机银溶液。有机胺具有一定的还原性，在低温烧结时，即可将银氨络离子还原为纳米银粒子。纳米银粒子熔点较低，首先穿透减反射面与硅片基底形成导电通路，填充了高温烧结时银粉之间的缝隙，提高了导电性，使得串联电阻降低，提高了电池的光电转换效率。
附图说明
图1是实施例1银浆印刷烧结后电池片的EL照片；
图2是实施例2银浆印刷烧结后电池片的EL照片；
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式做进一步详细描述。
实施例1
将7.4％的有机载体，89.3％的银粉，2.2％的玻璃粉，1.1％的助剂加入物料桶中混合均匀，用高速分散机在2000rpm的转速下分散均匀，然后用三辊机钆压5遍，得到银浆。用360目网版印刷到单晶硅片上，280-880℃多个温度区间烧结，得到单晶硅电池片，测试电池片的电性能。电池片的EL照片如图1所示。
实施例2
在25ml单口圆底烧瓶中加入二乙二醇丁醚4.50g(27.7mmol)、三乙醇胺3.78g(25.3mmol)、硝酸铵0.410g(5.1mmol)，混合物在磁力搅拌下1h，然后加入氧化银1.50g(6.5mmol)，室温下反应3h，得到棕黑色的有机银溶液。
将有机载体中加入7.2％的有机银溶液。在物料桶中加入7.4％混合后的有机载体，89.3％的银粉，2.2％的玻璃粉，1.1％的助剂，混合均匀，用高速分散机在2000rpm的转速下分散均匀，然后用三辊机钆压5遍，得到银浆。用360目网版印刷到单晶硅片上，280-880℃多个温度区间烧结，得到单晶硅电池片，测试电池片的电性能。电池片的EL照片如图2所示。
性能表征
| 类别 | Pmpp | Uoc | Isc | Rs | Rsh | FF | NCell |
| 实施例1 | 4.453655 | 0.632046 | 9.164101 | 0.004138476 | 82,11852 | 76.89204 | 0.186385 |
| 实施例2 | 4.59346 | 0.632516 | 9.192213 | 0.002740576 | 71.80325 | 79.00369 | 0.192235 |
Claims (10)
1.一种含纳米有机银的晶体硅太阳能电池正面银浆，其特征在于：包括以下质量分数的各组分：有机银0.1％-1.5％，有机载体1％-10％，银粉80％-95％，玻璃粉1％-8％，助剂0.25％-7％；
所述有机银包括铵盐、有机胺与氧化银，所述铵盐与氧化银的摩尔比1:1-5，所述的铵盐与有机胺的摩尔比为1:5-15；
所述有机载体包括以下质量分数的各组分：有机溶剂60％-80％，增塑剂1％-20％，触变剂1％-10％，增稠剂1％-10％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含纳米有机银的晶体硅太阳能电池正面银浆，其特征在于：所述的银粉为两种粒径银粉的混合物，包括银粉A与银粉B，所述银粉AD50为1.0-2.0μm，银粉BD50为1.5-2.5μm，所述银粉A与银粉B的质量比为1:2-6。
3.根据权利要求1所述的含纳米有机银的晶体硅太阳能电池正面银浆，其特征在于：所述铵盐是碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵、硝酸铵中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的含纳米有机银的晶体硅太阳能电池正面银浆，其特征在于：所述有机胺为二正己胺、正辛胺、十二胺、三乙醇胺中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的含纳米有机银的晶体硅太阳能电池正面银浆，其特征在于：所述溶剂为二乙二醇丁醚、三乙醇胺、松油醇、乙二醇、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的含纳米有机银的晶体硅太阳能电池正面银浆，其特征在于：所述玻璃粉为锌-硼-硅酸盐体系、锑-铅-铋体系、锑-铅-硼体系中的一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的含纳米有机银的晶体硅太阳能电池正面银浆，其特征在于：所述助剂包括消泡剂、粘合剂和溶剂，所述银浆包括以下质量分数的各组分：有机银0.1％-1.5％，有机载体1％-10％，银粉80％-95％，玻璃粉1％-8％，消泡剂0.1％-1％，粘合剂0.05％-5％，溶剂0.1％-1％。
8.根据权利要求7所述的含纳米有机银的晶体硅太阳能电池正面银浆，其特征在于：所述消泡剂为有机硅类消泡剂，粘合剂为钛酸四丁酯、聚乙烯醇、环氧树脂中的一种或多种，溶剂为油胺、十二碳醇酯、松油醇、松节油、环己酮中的一种或多种。
9.一种如权利要求1-8任一项所述含纳米有机银的晶体硅太阳能电池正面银浆的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
a.将铵盐、有机胺加入溶剂中，室温下搅拌使其溶解；
b.铵盐溶解后，加入氧化银，室温下搅拌反应2-5h，得到有机银溶液；
c.将有机银溶液与有机载体混合均匀，然后与银粉、玻璃粉、助剂混合搅拌，用分散机分散均匀；
d.轧压制得银浆。
10.根据权利要求9所述的含纳米有机银的晶体硅太阳能电池正面银浆的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤d中使用三辊机轧压制，轧压3-8次。
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