CN105118873A - 晶体硅太阳能电池正面电极银浆 - Google Patents
晶体硅太阳能电池正面电极银浆 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种晶体硅太阳能电池正面电极银浆，所述正面银导电浆料由下列重量份的组分组成：银导电相75~91份、有机溶剂5~12份、乙基纤维素0.7~1份、丁基纤维素0.4~0.8份、羟基纤维素0.4~0.8份、氧化钠0.3~0.6份、二氧化碲0.7~1.3份、三氧化钨0.55~1份、氧化物添加剂0.25~0.5份、二氧化硅0.08~0.2份、氧化锂0.04~0.1份；银导电相由下列质量百分含量的组分组成：片状银粉6~12%、球状银粉80~90%和纳米银粉3~8%。本发明晶体硅太阳能电池正面电极银浆既提高了印刷图形精细度，也使得电极金属栅线本身还具有良好的导电性能，获得高宽比高的正面细栅线。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种晶硅太阳能电池的正面银导电浆料，属于太阳能电池功能材料技术领域。
背景技术
传统能源枯竭及其带来的环境污染日益严峻问题越来越凸显，利用太阳能发电近年来获得长足发展。太阳能光伏电池是通过光电效应把太阳能转化为电能。其工作原理一般是：在P型衬底上通过扩散形成N型层，临界处形成P-N结，当光照射到P-N结时就会产生光生载流子，载流子通过良好的导体材料导出电池，从而形成电流发电。这种良好的导体材料就是正面电极银浆、背面电极银浆和背面电极铝浆，通过丝网印刷方式印制到太阳能电池正极和背极。
太阳能电池正面电极银浆是影响太阳能电池电性能的主要原材料之一。正面银浆主要由三部分组成：导电相、有机相和无机相。导电相为起导电作用的金属粉末，一般采用导电性能最好的银微粉；有机相为适用于丝网印刷技术的有机载体，有机载体主要由有机溶剂、增塑剂、触変剂、流平剂以及表面活性剂等组成，是浆料具有适用于丝网印刷的粘度、触变性等流变性能；无机项主要为低玻璃粉和金属氧化物，起到烧透减反层和粘结作用。
对其性能有较高要求：由于其在受光面，要求有较高的高宽比，在实现高导电率同时遮光率最小；能够腐蚀氮化硅层与硅基形成良好欧姆接触及良好粘结强度；可焊性好，便于与金属导线焊接；印刷性能好，便于印刷工艺操作。
传统的太阳能电池正面电极银浆多数使用含PbO的低熔点玻璃粉，主要是由于PbO能显著降低玻璃粉的软化温度，并且含氧化铅玻璃粉与基体材料有较好的浸润性，溶银能力强。然而，铅不仅污染环境还对人体有较大危害。制备环境友好型晶体硅太阳能电池正面电极银浆，最关键就是开发出无铅玻璃粉，在替代含铅玻璃粉同时，保证浆料性能。适用于太阳能电池的无铅玻璃粉已经有较多研究，但很难达到或超过含铅玻璃粉性能，主要是玻璃化温度较高及浸润性较差的的问题。
发明内容
本发明提供一种晶体硅太阳能电池正面电极银浆，该晶体硅太阳能电池正面电极银浆既提高了印刷图形精细度，也使得电极金属栅线本身还具有良好的导电性能，获得高宽比高的正面细栅线。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种晶体硅太阳能电池正面电极银浆，所述正面银导电浆料由下列重量份的组分组成：
银导电相75~91份，
有机溶剂5~12份，
乙基纤维素0.6~1份，
丁基纤维素0.4~0.8份，
羟基纤维素0.4~0.8份，
氧化钠0.3~0.6份，
二氧化碲0.7~1.3份，
三氧化钨0.55~1份，
氧化物添加剂0.25~0.5份，
二氧化硅0.08~0.2份，
氧化锂0.04~0.1份；
所述氧化物添加剂为氧化铝、氧化钼、氧化镧、三氧化二铋、氧化钙、氧化硼、氧化锌、二氧化硒、氧化钡、氧化锶、五氧化二铌、二氧化锆、氧化钾、三氧化铬、三氧化二铁和氧化镍中的至少一种；
所述银导电相由下列质量百分含量的组分组成：片状银粉6~12%、球状银粉80~90%和纳米银粉3~8%。
上述技术方案中的进一步改进的技术方案如下：
上述方案中，所述有机溶剂为松油醇、丁基卡必醇、丁基卡必醇醋酸酯和丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯中的至少一种。
由于上述技术方案运用，本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点和效果：
1.本发明晶体硅太阳能电池正面电极银浆，其配方中含有氧化钠0.3~0.6份、二氧化碲0.7~1.3份、三氧化钨0.55~1份，保持了现有技术性能同时，玻璃粘度低，与其它组分浸润性好，浆料印刷烧结后不容易扩散，提高了印刷图形精细度；其次，其正面电极银浆中氧化钠0.3~0.6份、二氧化碲0.7~1.3份、三氧化钨0.55~1份配合乙基纤维素0.6~1份、丁基纤维素0.4~0.8份、羟基纤维素0.4~0.8份，调节粘度，改善了正面电极银浆玻璃特性，如粘度、软化温度、化学稳定性、玻璃态转化点、线膨胀系数等。
2.本发明晶体硅太阳能电池正面电极银浆，其正面电极银浆进一步含有二氧化硅0.08~0.2份、氧化锂0.04~0.1份、氧化物添加剂0.25~0.5份不仅提高了正面电极银浆和硅片有良好的接触，而且电极金属栅线本身还具有良好的导电性能，且能获得高宽比的正面细栅线。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述：
实施例1~5：一种晶体硅太阳能电池正面电极银浆，所述正面银导电浆料由下列重量份的组分组成，如表1所示：
表1
所述氧化物添加剂由下列重量份的组分组成，如表2所示：
表2
上述有机溶剂为松油醇、丁基卡必醇、丁基卡必醇醋酸酯和丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯中的至少一种。
实施例1银导电相由片状银粉9%、球状银粉85%和纳米银粉6%组成，实施例2银导电相由片状银粉7%、球状银粉88%和纳米银粉5%组成，实施例3银导电相由片状银粉12%、球状银粉82%和纳米银粉6%组成；实施例4银导电相由片状银粉11%、球状银粉84%和纳米银粉5%组成。
上述晶体硅太阳能电池正面电极银浆的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一、将氧化钠0.3~0.6份、二氧化碲0.7~1.3份、三氧化钨0.55~1份、氧化物添加剂0.25~0.5份、二氧化硅0.08~0.2份、氧化锂0.04~0.1份放混料机中混合均匀，置于马弗炉中，850度保温30分钟，待充分熔融掺杂后玻璃水淬退火，获得水淬后玻璃料；
步骤二、将步骤一获得的水淬后玻璃料在酒精体系中用行星研磨机研磨，烘干得到粒径为0.4~0.6μm玻璃粉体；
步骤二、将有机溶剂5~12份、乙基纤维素0.7~1份、丁基纤维素0.4~0.8份、羟基纤维素0.4~0.8份，60度混合搅拌30分钟，获得载体；
步骤四、将银导电相75~91份、步骤二的玻璃粉体、步骤三的载体搅拌均匀后，三辊机研磨分散三遍，过滤，获得所述晶体硅太阳能电池正面电极银浆；
步骤五、将本发明晶体硅太阳能电池正面电极银浆经丝网印刷机印刷到多晶硅电池片上并烧结，烧结温度890度，用行业内最好浆料做基准。
实施例1的测试电性能如表3所述：
表3
| 电性能参数 | η/% | Isc/A | Voc/V | FF/% |
| 基准 | 17.89 | 8.639 | 0.631 | 77.88 |
| 实施例1 | 18.01 | 8.692 | 0.635 | 78.04 |
实施例2的测试电性能如表4所述：
表4
| 电性能参数 | η/% | Isc/A | Voc/V | FF/% |
| 基准 | 17.89 | 8.639 | 0.631 | 77.88 |
| 实施例2 | 18.03 | 8.683 | 0.637 | 78.12 |
实施例3的测试电性能如表5所述：
表5
| 电性能参数 | η/% | Isc/A | Voc/V | FF/% |
| 基准 | 17.89 | 8.639 | 0.631 | 77.88 |
| 实施例3 | 17.98 | 8.675 | 0.643 | 77.95 |
实施例4的测试电性能如表6所述：
表6
| 电性能参数 | η/% | Isc/A | Voc/V | FF/% |
| 基准 | 17.89 | 8.639 | 0.631 | 77.88 |
| 实施例4 | 18.05 | 8.694 | 0.64 | 78.08 |
实施例5的测试电性能如表7所述：
表7
| 电性能参数 | η/% | Isc/A | Voc/V | FF/% |
| 基准 | 17.89 | 8.639 | 0.631 | 77.88 |
| 实施例5 | 18.06 | 8.695 | 0.642 | 78.1 |
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (2)
1.一种晶体硅太阳能电池正面电极银浆，其特征在于：所述正面银导电浆料由下列重量份的组分组成：
银导电相75~91份，
有机溶剂5~12份，
乙基纤维素0.6~1份，
丁基纤维素0.4~0.8份，
羟基纤维素0.4~0.8份，
氧化钠0.3~0.6份，
二氧化碲0.7~1.3份，
三氧化钨0.55~1份，
氧化物添加剂0.25~0.5份，
二氧化硅0.08~0.2份，
氧化锂0.04~0.1份；
所述氧化物添加剂为氧化铝、氧化钼、氧化镧、三氧化二铋、氧化钙、氧化硼、氧化锌、二氧化硒、氧化钡、氧化锶、五氧化二铌、二氧化锆、氧化钾、三氧化铬、三氧化二铁和氧化镍中的至少一种；
所述银导电相由下列质量百分含量的组分组成：片状银粉6~12%、球状银粉80~90%和纳米银粉3~8%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的晶体硅太阳能电池正面电极银浆，其特征在于：所述有机溶剂为松油醇、丁基卡必醇、丁基卡必醇醋酸酯和丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯中的至少一种。
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