CN108411403A - 一种耐洗涤导电纤维及其制造工艺 - Google Patents

一种耐洗涤导电纤维及其制造工艺 Download PDF

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CN108411403A
CN108411403A CN201810279795.2A CN201810279795A CN108411403A CN 108411403 A CN108411403 A CN 108411403A CN 201810279795 A CN201810279795 A CN 201810279795A CN 108411403 A CN108411403 A CN 108411403A
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Abstract

本发明针对现有导电纤维存在的不耐洗涤，容易脱落以及无法兼顾强度和导电性能等一系列问题，提供一种成膜工艺以及特殊导电材料的耐洗导电纤维的，其特征在于：纤维表面附着有耐洗导电膜，导电膜层厚度为300‑400nm。将经过特殊工艺处理的纳米竹粉添加到PBT中，制成高分子材料聚苯胺/PBT复合纤维，并对复合纤维表面进行导电处理，获得耐洗导电纤维。

Description

一种耐洗涤导电纤维及其制造工艺
技术领域
本申请涉及功能性纤维领域。
背景技术
已知使用具有金属涂层的纤维改进纤维补强复合材料的电导率。这类纤维及其生产描述于例如EP-A-0149763A中。具有镍涂层的市售纤维导致用其生产的复合材料中的改进的电导率。然而，基于镍涂覆纤维的这类复合材料具有较高比重的缺点，这是由于实现良好电导率所需的镍含量，且相对于纤维重量可以为30-40重量％。另外，由于健康和安全性风险，镍涂覆纤维的使用也是有问题的。
在改进基于纤维的复合材料的电导率的可选方案中，将平金属网络如网格和网形式的铜施涂于复合材料上和/或并入复合材料中。铜或铝通常用作材料。与基于镍涂覆纤维的复合材料相比，由此可以以在金属网络的延伸方向上的良好电导率实现较低的比重。然而，垂直于金属网络延伸方向，即在复合材料厚度方向上的电导率是不足的。另外，这类金属网络在具有弯曲几何形状的组件生产期间的悬垂性通常不令人满意。 还已知使用具有包含碳纳米管(CNT)的纱线最终修饰层的碳纤维改进复合材料的电导率。基于具有含纳米管的最终修饰层的纤维的生产硬质聚合物复合材料的方法公开于例如WO2010/007163中。US2010/0260998涉及包含纳米颗粒的最终修饰配制剂和具有纳米颗粒分散于其中的最终修饰层的纤维。US2010/0104868公开了具有具有多种组分的涂层的混杂纤维，其中该涂层通过纳米颗粒和金属借助电泳和/或电镀方法同时沉积而产生。由于同时沉积，纳米颗粒嵌入金属并被金属包围，且都附着在纤维表面上，使得得到混合结构。包含纳米颗粒的金属层施涂于其上的纤维也公开于 WO2011/000394中。
目前，市场上导电织物纤维主要有三类，一是以金属铜、镍或不锈钢为主要原料拉成的金属纤维、二是在纺织纤维表面镀上一层金属镍或镍/铜/镍的膜层结构、三是在纺织纤维表面涂上一层含金属粉的涂料以达到电磁波屏蔽的作用。但是以上三种方式有其固有的缺陷，如这些含金属的纤维在空气中容易氧化而失去导电的作用，在清洗过程中含有清洗剂的溶液汇导致纤维金属或纤维上的金属发生电化学腐蚀而失去抗静电功能、金属纤维在使用或洗涤过程中容易断裂、金属镀层和涂层易于脱落、这些以金属为主要原料的导电织物纤维质地较重、缺乏柔软性，用作纺织品则手感差、透气性也很不理想、缺乏可伸缩的弹性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有导电纤维存在的不耐洗涤，容易脱落以及无法兼顾强度和导电性能等一系列问题，发明出的基于成膜工艺以及特殊导电材料的耐洗导电纤维的制造方法。
一种耐洗导电纤维，其特征在于：纤维表面附着有耐洗导电膜，导电膜层厚度为300-400nm。
制造方法为：
（1）将竹原料在去离子水、酒精中浸泡30-40min；
（2）将竹原料切断成10-20cm长度的短材料，送入管式马弗炉中，以升温速率为2-8℃/min，升温到250-300℃保温1h，然后在惰性气体的保护下进入高温碳化炉中，在70-100℃的情况下高温碳化2-3h，冷却后研磨成竹粉，颗粒度为100-200nm；
（3）以高分子材料聚苯胺切片为第一原料，进入第一螺杆挤出机；以含有步骤（2）得到的竹粉的PBT聚酯切片为第二原料，竹粉含量为10-20wt％，进入第二螺杆挤出机，将复合组件中成型的两种成份挤出，经预牵伸处理，得到双组分导电复合纤维。第一螺杆挤出机的熔融挤压过程设有4～5段加热区， 各区的加热温度设在270～285℃之间；第二螺杆挤出机的熔融 挤压过程设有4～5段加热区，各区的加热温度设在250～290℃之间；获得纤维后对纤维进行表面处理，具体处理方式如步骤（4）；
（4）调节至23℃的硫酸铜浴，同时加入酒石酸钠，然后放入步骤（3）获得的纤维，超声波振荡10-30min，然后加入硫酸镍200g/L、硝酸银60-90g/L、硼酸30g/L、无机盐15g/L，pH值为4-4.5，温度为40±2℃，纤维浸泡时间为20-24h，然后放置在烘箱中干燥，干燥时间为110-230min。
其中无机盐为氯化钠、氯化钾。其中去离子水为RO超纯水，酒精为无水乙醇。
发明的优点在于：
（1）在纤维内部添加了特制竹粉的同时，在外部也附着了特殊的膜层导电处理液。通过内部添加和外部附着两种方式使得纤维的导电性具有耐洗涤的效果，同时具有较好的导电性能；
（2）申请人意外的发现，将竹粉添加在PBT树酯切片后与高分子材料聚苯胺混合，能够意外的提高纤维的强度和伸长，保持纤维的机械性能；
（3）本申请的硫酸铜、硝酸银等的导电处理液能够很好的成膜，并且具有质地轻、耐腐蚀，经洗涤和揉搓不会断裂等优良性能。
用本发明的导电织物纤维制成的面料，具有优良的防静电效果，耐腐蚀、 耐洗涤性能好，能有效消除静电给石油化工、煤矿开采、电子仪器以及武器 装备等带来的危害。可广泛用于电子仪器、通讯设备、计算机、医用设备、 通讯导航、设备控制器、家用电器及各种电子产品中。
本发明的方法简单，制造成本低，对环境的污染小。
具体实施方式
实施例1
（1）将竹原料在去离子水、酒精中浸泡30min；
（2）将竹原料切断成10cm长度的短材料，送入管式马弗炉中，以升温速率为2℃/min，升温到300℃保温1h，然后在惰性气体的保护下进入高温碳化炉中，在100℃的情况下高温碳化3h，冷却后研磨成竹粉，颗粒度为100nm；
（3）以高分子材料聚苯胺切片为第一原料，进入第一螺杆挤出机；以含有步骤（2）得到的竹粉的PBT聚酯切片为第二原料，竹粉含量为20wt％，进入 第二螺杆挤出机，将复合组件中成型的两种成份挤出，经预牵伸处理，得到双组分 聚酯导电复合纤维。第一螺杆挤出机的熔融挤压过程设有5段加热区， 各区的加热温度设在285℃；第二螺杆挤出机的熔融 挤压过程设有5段加热区，各区的加热温度设在290℃；获得纤维后对纤维进行表面处理，具体处理方式如步骤（4）；
（4）调节至23℃的硫酸铜浴，同时加入酒石酸钠，然后放入步骤（3）获得的纤维，超声波振荡30min，然后加入硫酸镍200g/L、硝酸银90g/L、硼酸30g/L、氯化钠15g/L，pH值为4.5，温度为40℃，纤维浸泡时间为20h，然后放置在烘箱中干燥，干燥时间为230min。
实施例2
（1）将竹原料在去离子水、酒精中浸泡35min；
（2）将竹原料切断成20cm长度的短材料，送入管式马弗炉中，以升温速率为2℃/min，升温到250℃保温1h，然后在惰性气体的保护下进入高温碳化炉中，在70℃的情况下高温碳化2h，冷却后研磨成竹粉，颗粒度为100nm；
（3）以高分子材料聚苯胺切片为第一原料，进入第一螺杆挤出机；以含有步骤（2）得到的竹粉的PBT聚酯切片为第二原料，竹粉含量为10wt％进入 第二螺杆挤出机，将复合组件中成型的两种成份挤出，经预牵伸处理，得到双组分 聚酯导电复合纤维。第一螺杆挤出机的熔融挤压过程设有5段加热区，各区的加热温度设在270℃；第二螺杆挤出机的熔融 挤压过程设有4段加热区，各区的加热温度设在290℃；获得纤维后对纤维进行表面处理，具体处理方式如步骤（4）；
（4）调节至23℃的硫酸铜浴，同时加入酒石酸钠，然后放入步骤（3）获得的纤维，超声波振荡10min，然后加入硫酸镍200g/L、硝酸银60g/L、硼酸30g/L、氯化钾15g/L，pH值为4，温度为42℃，纤维浸泡时间为24h，然后放置在烘箱中干燥，干燥时间为110min。
比较例1
添加市售竹粉，其他同实施例1。
比较例2
步骤（4）中未添加硫酸镍、硝酸银，其他同实施例1
比较例3
步骤（4）中未添加硫酸铜、酒石酸钠，其他同实施例2。
表
纤维比电阻Ω·cm 断裂强度cn/dtex 断裂伸长％ 洗涤20次后纤维比电阻Ω·cm
实施例1 0.1*106 4.8 50 1.1*106
实施例2 0.9*106 4.5 60 1.8*106
比较例1 1.1*107 2.8 40 9.3*107
比较例2 3.0*107 3.2 45 9.8*107
比较例3 1.9*107 3 43 8.7*107

Claims (5)

1.一种耐洗导电纤维，其特征在于：纤维表面附着有耐洗导电膜。
2.如权利要求1所述的纤维，其特征在于导电膜层厚度为300-400nm。
3.一种如权利要求2所述的纤维的制造方法，其特征在于：
将竹原料在去离子水、酒精中浸泡30-40min；
将竹原料切断成10-20cm长度的短材料，送入管式马弗炉中，以升温速率为2-8℃/min，升温到250-300℃保温1h，然后在惰性气体的保护下进入高温碳化炉中，在70-100℃的情况下高温碳化2-3h，冷却后研磨成竹粉，颗粒度为100-200nm；
以高分子材料聚苯胺切片为第一原料，进入第一螺杆挤出机；以含有步骤（2）得到的竹粉的PBT聚酯切片为第二原料，竹粉含量为10-20wt％，进入第二螺杆挤出机，将复合组件中成型的两种成份挤出，经预牵伸处理，得到双组分聚酯导电复合纤维；第一螺杆挤出机的熔融挤压过程设有4～5段加热区，各区的加热温度设在270～285℃之间；第二螺杆挤出机的熔融挤压过程设有4～5段加热区，各区的加热温度设在250～290℃之间；获得纤维后对纤维进行表面处理，具体处理方式如步骤（4）；
调节至23℃的硫酸铜浴，同时加入酒石酸钠，然后放入步骤（3）获得的纤维，超声波振荡10-30min，然后加入硫酸镍200g/L、硝酸银60-90g/L、硼酸30g/L、无机盐15g/L，pH值为4-4.5，温度为40±2℃，纤维浸泡时间为20-24h，然后放置在烘箱中干燥，干燥时间为110-230min。
4.如权利要求3所述的制造方法，其特征在于：其中无机盐为氯化钠、氯化钾。
5.如权利要求3所述的制造方法，其特征在于：其中去离子水为RO超纯水，酒精为无水乙醇。
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