CN108410503A - A kind of reverse-flow type high temperature fixed bed gasification furnace and its process - Google Patents

A kind of reverse-flow type high temperature fixed bed gasification furnace and its process Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108410503A
CN108410503A CN201810285651.8A CN201810285651A CN108410503A CN 108410503 A CN108410503 A CN 108410503A CN 201810285651 A CN201810285651 A CN 201810285651A CN 108410503 A CN108410503 A CN 108410503A
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product gas
gasification furnace
reaction
furnace body
temperature
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CN108410503B (en
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庞赟佶
陈义胜
喻冬玲
金光
陈俊俊
许嘉
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Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology
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Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
    • C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
    • C10J2300/0906—Physical processes, e.g. shredding, comminuting, chopping, sorting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
    • C10J2300/0909—Drying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C10J2300/0976—Water as steam
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of reverse-flow type high temperature fixed bed gasification furnace and its process, including gasification furnace body, hydraulic filter units, high-temperature vapour preparation facilities, collect slag device, feeding device heats carbon-point, sampling pipe, PLC control devices, fire grate, fire grate sweep up dust device, the structures such as temperature monitoring system and material preprocess method, continuous automatic feeding method and gasification reaction process introduction；The present apparatus can carry out gasification process to biomass, house refuse and Biohazard Waste etc., the gasification gas generated using the device has many advantages, such as that hydrogen-rich, low tar, calorific value are high, and the effect for the vapor secondary use that can reach a high temperature, can further hydrogen manufacturing, boiler heat supplying, power plants generating electricity and as industrial chemicals etc.；Achieve the purpose that the resources effective utilizations such as biomass.

Description

A kind of reverse-flow type high temperature fixed bed gasification furnace and its process
Technical field
Present invention relates particularly to a kind of reverse-flow type high temperature fixed bed gasification furnace and its processes, belong to Thermal Power Engineering neck Domain.
Background technology
With the continuous development of society with the continuous improvement of scientific and technological level, the energy it is reasonable using more and more obtaining people Attention, currently, the Solid Waste Treatments such as biomass, domestic waste and medical waste mode mainly have landfill, compost, Burn, be pyrolyzed and gasify etc., wherein pyrolytic gasification technology has larger advantage in terms of to reclamation of solid wastes processing, tool There is the features such as material adaptability is good, and transformation efficiency is high, and reaction rate is fast, and system scale is flexible, everywhere by many people application Domestic waste is managed, in industrial solid wastes；However, this kind of technology equally exists many problems, it is as follows：
（1）Tar containing 5%-10% in the gas that existing pyrolysis gasification method generates, can block during production and transport Pipeline influences terminal device, and when burning generates carbon black, pollutes environment, reduces energy utilization rate, constrain pushing away for this method Extensively；
（2）In existing fixed-bed gasification furnace steam gasification, if using steam as heat carrier, the heat often brought into meets not Gasification institute calorific requirement, also needs to be incorporated some oxygen sometimes, to provide heat of reaction, there are energy consumptions big, heat exchange efficiency Low, the shortcomings of steam temperature is relatively low, while the utilization rate of entire reaction process vapor is relatively low, causes the waste of vapor；
（3）When using fixed-bed gasification furnace, fire grate easily blocks, can not normal deslagging.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of reverse-flow type high temperature fixed bed gasification furnace and its processes, solve existing heat It solves existing for gasification process：Energy consumption is big, heat exchange efficiency is low, steam temperature is relatively low and utilization rate is not high, generates and contains tar in gas The problems such as content is big, and fire grate easily blocks.
The technical scheme is that：A kind of reverse-flow type high temperature fixed bed gasification furnace, including gasification furnace body, hydraulic filtering Device, high-temperature vapour preparation facilities collect slag device, and feeding device heats carbon-point, sampling pipe, PLC control devices, fire grate, fire grate Sweep up dust device, temperature monitoring system；It is characterized in that：The gasification furnace body includes upper furnace body, lower volume, in stainless steel Courage, insulating layer；The upper furnace body is connect with lower volume using flange seal, and link position is furnace body flange connections；Institute It states stainless steel inner container to be mounted in gasification furnace body, and is insulating layer between stainless steel inner container and gasification furnace body；The stainless steel Liner is divided into top reaction zone, middle part aditus laryngis, aditus laryngis lower reaction zone, product gas collecting region from top to bottom；The top reaction Area is the above space of furnace body flange connections, and middle part aditus laryngis is located at lower volume top, and stainless steel inner container bottom section is product Gas collecting region, aditus laryngis lower reaction zone is between middle part aditus laryngis and product gas collecting region；In the lower volume setting connection Product gas outlet passageway and product gas return-air duct is arranged in the high-temperature vapour inlet channel of portion's aditus laryngis, product gas collecting region；It is described Product gas return-air duct is connected to product gas collecting region top and top reaction zone, and accesses gas circulation on product gas return-air duct Wind turbine；Electric apparatus room, electric appliance indoor location gas circulation wind turbine are set in the insulating layer of the lower volume；The product gas return-air Pipeline, which connects, is arranged hydraulic filter unit at product gas collecting region；The hydraulic filter unit includes screen pipe, filter net sheet, liquid Press screeding device, blow-off line；The filter net sheet is mounted in screen pipe；The hydraulic pressure screeding device includes lever, centre Axle bed, hydraulic stem, scraper plate connecting rod, scraper plate；The lever is connect by shaft with intermediate axle bed, and one end is fixed on electricity with lower end The hydraulic stem of device room connects, and the other end is connect by scraper plate connecting rod with the scraper plate in screen pipe；The scraper plate side is close to filtering Mesh sheet, and mudhole is set on the screen pipe below scraper plate, mudhole connects carbon black collecting vessel by blow-off line；The product Gas outlet passageway is located at product gas collecting region lower part；Feed pipe, the setting of the upper end inlet are set at the top of the gasification furnace body Electric butterfly valve one, lower end is connected to stainless steel inner container, and electric butterfly valve two, electric butterfly valve one and two institute of electric butterfly valve is arranged in connectivity part Clip space is hopper chamber；The high-temperature vapour preparation facilities is connect with high-temperature vapour inlet channel by steam pipe；The collection slag Device is located at immediately below gasification furnace body, is connected to inside internal cavity and stainless steel inner container；The collection slag device and gasification furnace Furnace body is connected using flange seal；The feeding device includes material storing box, feeding motor, delivery pipe, delivery pipe upper end and charging End entrance is connected as one on pipe, and the heating carbon-point is interspersed in around stainless steel inner container on insulating layer, and connects power supply；It is described Sampling pipe is interspersed on gasification furnace body, and one end stretches into stainless steel inner container, and the other end is gasifying outside furnace body, and in furnace body Breather valve is arranged in outer one end；The sampling pipe is separately positioned on top reaction zone, middle part aditus laryngis, aditus laryngis lower reaction zone, product Gas collecting region；The PLC control devices are mounted on material storing box, and are separately connected feeding motor, electric butterfly valve by control line One, electric butterfly valve two；The fire grate is mounted on stainless steel inner container bottom, and frame is on collection slag device inner cavity top；The fire grate top Fire grate hole is arranged in face；Fire grate is arranged on the fire grate to sweep up dust device, the fire grate device that sweeps up dust includes fixed plate, and horizontal rotating shaft erects Straight shaft, vertical bearing, tumbler gear, cleaning board；The fixed plate is mounted on collection slag device inner cavity upper top；The water Flat turn axis is mounted in fixed plate, and one end is extend out to outside gasification furnace body, and external part connects wind or motor；The water Horizontal teeth is set on flat turn axis；The vertical shaft is mounted in vertical bearing, and is engaged with horizontal rotating shaft by tumbler gear； The vertical bearing is fixedly connected with fire grate；The cleaning board is mounted on vertical shaft top, and is bonded fire grate top surface.
Further, the temperature monitoring system monitors top reaction zone, middle part aditus laryngis, larynx in real time using temperature monitoring equipment Mouthful lower reaction zone, product gas collecting region reaction temperature, the reaction temperature that carbon-point controls each reaction zone is heated by adjusting.
It further, can be in real time to top reaction zone, middle part aditus laryngis, aditus laryngis lower reaction zone, product gas by sampling pipe The reaction gas of collecting region is sampled, and carries out quantitative detection, realizes the real-time monitoring of reaction condition.
Further, aditus laryngis lower reaction zone internal diameter is less than top reaction zone；The middle part aditus laryngis is middle part inner concavity； The product gas collecting region internal diameter is identical as top reaction zone；Gasification furnace is using the intermediate form for carrying middle part aditus laryngis, upper cone section The feature for meeting volume-diminished after material pyrolysis in stove is shunk, lower cone section flaring is convenient for the decline of material；The structure is conducive to gas Compound material forms " bulk flow " in stove, is effectively reduced bridge formation knot arch tendency.
Further, the high-temperature vapour inlet channel is arranged symmetrically using both sides, and two steam-gas inlets are opposite, and high temperature steams Gas is obtained by high-temperature vapour preparation facilities.
The process of above-mentioned reverse-flow type high temperature fixed bed gasification furnace, it is characterised in that：The process includes material Preprocess method, continuous automatic feeding method and gasification reaction process：
（1）The material preprocess method is：Dry materials to moisture content are less than 15%, are crushed to particle size range in 10- 30mm；
（2）The continuous automatic feeding method is：Material is added in material storing box, feeding electricity is regulated and controled by PLC control devices Mechanical, electrical dynamic butterfly valve one, electric butterfly valve two act step by step；Specifically operational logic is：Electric butterfly valve one is opened, electric butterfly valve two closes It closes, feeding motor operation, material in material storing box is added to hopper intracavitary；It is out of service after feeding motor operation a period of time, Filler terminates, and electric butterfly valve one is closed, electric butterfly valve two is opened；So realize continuous auto feed；
（3）The gasification reaction process is：After material enters stainless steel inner container, it is divided into four regions from top to bottom, respectively：Object Expect dry section, pyrolysis reaction region, oxidation reaction zone and reduction reaction area；
The first step, the dry materials area is mainly in top reaction zone, and at 100 DEG C -300 DEG C, the material containing moisture exists temperature Here heat exchange is carried out with following heat source, the moisture evaporation in material is made to go out；The product in dry materials area be dry material and Vapor, dry material move down under the effect of gravity, and vapor overcomes heat buoyancy also to move down under strength suction；
Second step, the pyrolysis reaction region is mainly at the aditus laryngis of middle part, and temperature is at 500 DEG C -800 DEG C, from dry materials area Dry material and vapor obtain oxidation reaction block transitive after entering pyrolysis reaction region and heat the heat that carbon-point provides, biomass Pyrolytic reaction occurs and is cracked into the substances such as carbon, volatile matter and tar, the recyclegas that product gas return-air duct introduces also enters The conversion zone, carries out second pyrolysis, and key reaction is：CHXOY=n1C+n2H2+n3H2O+n4CO+n5CO2+n6CH4；
Third walks, and mainly in aditus laryngis lower reaction zone, it is anti-to carry out self-pyrolysis at 1000 DEG C -1200 DEG C for temperature for the oxidation reaction zone The biomass pyrolysis product and reflux gas for answering area continue to move down together with vapor in gasification furnace, which is mainly to carry out self-heating Solve reaction zone coke occur imperfect combustion reaction and in reflux gas tar oxidation reaction, generate one oxidation Carbon, carbon dioxide and vapor, while amount of heat is released, key reaction is：C+ O2→CO2、2C+ O2→2CO、CH4+2O2 →CO2+2H2O；
4th step, the reduction reaction area is mainly in product gas collecting region, and at 800 DEG C -1000 DEG C, which has not had temperature Oxygen exists, and reduction reaction occurs for the red-hot charcoal of carbon dioxide and high-temperature vapor herein with non-complete oxidation, generates one Carbonoxide and hydrogen etc.；Tar in reflux gas can occur adequately to react herein with high-temperature vapor；Key reaction is： C + CO2→2CO、C+ H2O→CO+ H2、C+ 2H2O→CO2+ 2H2、CO + H2O→2CO2+ H2、CO+3H2→CH4+ H2O、 Tar+H2O→H2+ CH4+ CO。
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：A kind of reverse-flow type high temperature fixed bed gasification furnace and its process are provided, passed through Product gas return-air duct and gas circulation wind turbine are set, and the product gas that product gas collecting region is generated carries out reflux cycle so that Tar can largely reduce the content of tar in product gas with second pyrolysis in product gas；Meanwhile in the mistake of gas circulation Cheng Zhong, can by the vapor not made full use of carry out secondary use, reduce product gas in vapor content, vapor with Secondary use is carried out with product gas, saves water resource；Rich hydrogen production can be produced by above-mentioned reflux cycle mode Gas achievees the purpose that the resources effective utilizations such as biomass.
Further, by being arranged product gas return-air duct and gas circulation wind turbine in insulating layer, product can be prevented Gas causes tar to be changed into liquid by gaseous state in cyclic process since temperature reduces, to blocking products gas return-air duct and gas Body circulation wind turbine.
Further, product gas high temperature carbon black can be removed by the way that hydraulic filter unit is arranged, to promote product gas Quality.
Further, it in order to keep gasification furnace addition raw material more convenient, and realizes that charging is reacted with gasification furnace and is independent of each other, if Set electric butterfly valve one（1-12）, electric butterfly valve two（1-13）, hopper chamber（1-14）, by PLC control devices regulate and control feeding motor, Electric butterfly valve one, electric butterfly valve two act step by step；Specifically operational logic is：Electric butterfly valve one open, electric butterfly valve two close, on Expect motor operation, material in material storing box is added to hopper intracavitary；Feeding motor runs out of service, filler knot after a period of time Beam, electric butterfly valve one is closed, electric butterfly valve two is opened；It so realizes continuous auto feed and does not influence gasification furnace reaction.
Further, fire grate is cleaned in real time by the way that the fire grate device that sweeps up dust is arranged, prevents the fire grate hole plug on fire grate, Deslagging is unsmooth；Horizontal rotating shaft external part can connect wind or motor, manually or automatically be cleaned to realize.
The present apparatus can carry out gasification process to biomass, house refuse and Biohazard Waste etc., be generated using the device Gasification gas have many advantages, such as that hydrogen-rich, low tar, calorific value are high, and the effect for the vapor secondary use that can reach a high temperature can Further hydrogen manufacturing, boiler heat supplying, power plants generating electricity and as industrial chemicals etc.；Reach the mesh of the resources effective utilizations such as biomass 's.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional structure diagram one of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the three-dimensional structure diagram two of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the three-dimensional structure diagram three of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the whole cut away view of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is cut away view at the feed pipe of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the gasification furnace body cut away view one of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the gasification furnace body cut away view two of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the electric apparatus room internal structure chart of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the gasification furnace furnace interior structure chart of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the hydraulic filter unit structure chart one of the present invention.
Figure 11 is the hydraulic filter unit structure chart two of the present invention.
Figure 12 is the hydraulic filter unit structure chart three of the present invention.
Figure 13 is the fire grate structure figure of the present invention.
Figure 14 is the fire grate cut away view of the present invention.
Figure 15 is that the fire grate of the present invention sweeps up dust device connection structure diagram.
Figure 16 is that the fire grate of the present invention sweeps up dust structure drawing of device.
In figure：Gasify furnace body（1）, hydraulic filter unit（2）, high-temperature vapour preparation facilities（3）, collect slag device（4）, on Expect device（5）, heat carbon-point（6）, sampling pipe（7）, PLC control devices（8）, fire grate（9）, fire grate sweeps up dust device (10), temperature Monitoring system（11）, upper furnace body（1-1）, lower volume（1-2）, stainless steel inner container（1-3）, insulating layer（1-4）, furnace body flange Junction（1-5）, high-temperature vapour inlet channel（1-6）, product gas outlet passageway（1-7）, product gas return-air duct（1-8）, gas Body circulation wind turbine（1-9）, electric apparatus room（1-10）, feed pipe（1-11）, electric butterfly valve one（1-12）, electric butterfly valve two（1-13）, Hopper chamber（1-14）, steam pipe（1-15）, screen pipe（2-1）, filter net sheet（2-2）, hydraulic pressure screeding device（2-3）, blow-off pipe Road（2-4）, carbon black collecting vessel（2-5）, mudhole（2-1-1）, lever（2-3-1）, intermediate axle bed（2-3-2）, hydraulic stem（2-3- 3）, scraper plate connecting rod（2-3-4）, scraper plate（2-3-5）, top reaction zone（1-3-1）, middle part aditus laryngis（1-3-2）, the reaction of aditus laryngis lower part Area（1-3-3）, product gas collecting region（1-3-4）, material storing box（5-1）, feeding motor（5-2）, delivery pipe（5-3）, breather valve（7- 1）, fire grate hole（9-1）, fixed plate (10-1), horizontal rotating shaft (10-2), vertical shaft (10-3), vertical bearing (10-4) changes To gear (10-5), cleaning board (10-6), horizontal teeth (10-2-1).
Specific implementation mode
A kind of reverse-flow type high temperature fixed bed gasification furnace, including gasification furnace body（1）, hydraulic filter unit（2）, high-temperature vapour Preparation facilities（3）, collect slag device（4）, feeding device（5）, heat carbon-point（6）, sampling pipe（7）, PLC control devices（8）, fire grate （9）, fire grate sweeps up dust device (10), temperature monitoring system（11）；It is characterized in that：The gasification furnace body（1）Including upper furnace Body（1-1）, lower volume（1-2）, stainless steel inner container（1-3）, insulating layer（1-4）；The upper furnace body（1-1）With lower volume （1-2）It is connected using flange seal, link position is furnace body flange connections（1-5）；The stainless steel inner container（1-3）It is mounted on Gasify furnace body（1）It is interior, and stainless steel inner container（1-3）With gasification furnace body（1）Between be insulating layer（1-4）；In the stainless steel Courage（1-3）It is divided into top reaction zone from top to bottom（1-3-1）, middle part aditus laryngis（1-3-2）, aditus laryngis lower reaction zone（1-3-3）, production Product gas collecting region（1-3-4）；The top reaction zone（1-3-1）For furnace body flange connections（1-5）The above space, middle part aditus laryngis （1-3-2）Positioned at lower volume（1-2）Top, stainless steel inner container（1-3）Bottom section is product gas collecting region（1-3-4）, larynx Mouth lower reaction zone（1-3-3）Positioned at middle part aditus laryngis（1-3-2）With product gas collecting region（1-3-4）Between；The lower volume （1-2）Setting connection middle part aditus laryngis（1-3-2）High-temperature vapour inlet channel（1-6）, product gas collecting region（1-3-4）Setting production Product gas outlet passageway（1-7）And product gas return-air duct（1-8）；The product gas return-air duct（1-8）Product gas is connected to collect Area（1-3-4）Top and top reaction zone（1-3-1）, and product gas return-air duct（1-8）Upper access gas circulation wind turbine（1- 9）；The lower volume（1-2）Insulating layer in be arranged electric apparatus room（1-10）, electric apparatus room（1-10）Interior installation gas circulation wind turbine （1-9）；The product gas return-air duct（1-8）Connect product gas collecting region（1-3-4）Place's setting hydraulic filter unit（2）；Institute State hydraulic filter unit（2）Including screen pipe（2-1）, filter net sheet（2-2）, hydraulic pressure screeding device（2-3）, blow-off line（2- 4）；The filter net sheet（2-2）Mounted on screen pipe（2-1）It is interior；The hydraulic pressure screeding device（2-3）Including lever（2-3-1）、 Intermediate axle bed（2-3-2）, hydraulic stem（2-3-3）, scraper plate connecting rod（2-3-4）, scraper plate（2-3-5）；The lever（2-3-1）Pass through Shaft and intermediate axle bed（2-3-2）Connection, one end are fixed on electric apparatus room with lower end（1-10）Hydraulic stem（2-3-3）Connection, The other end passes through scraper plate connecting rod（2-3-4）With screen pipe（2-1）Interior scraper plate（2-3-5）Connection；The scraper plate（2-3-5）Side Close to filter net sheet（2-2）, and scraper plate（2-3-5）The screen pipe of lower section（2-1）Upper setting mudhole（2-1-1）, mudhole（2- 1-1）Pass through blow-off line（2-4）Connect carbon black collecting vessel（2-5）；The product gas outlet passageway（1-7）It is received positioned at product gas Ji Qu（1-3-4）Lower part；The gasification furnace body（1）Feed pipe is arranged in top（1-11）, electronic butterfly is arranged in the upper end inlet Valve one（1-12）, lower end is connected to stainless steel inner container（1-3）, and electric butterfly valve two is arranged in connectivity part（1-13）, electric butterfly valve one（1- 12）With electric butterfly valve two（1-13）Institute's clip space is hopper chamber（1-14）；The high-temperature vapour preparation facilities（3）With high-temperature vapour Inlet channel（1-6）Pass through steam pipe（1-15）Connection；The collection slag device（4）Positioned at gasification furnace body（1）Underface, in Portion's cavity and stainless steel inner container（1-3）Inside connection；The collection slag device（4）With gasification furnace body（1）Connected using flange seal It connects；The feeding device（5）Including material storing box（5-1）, feeding motor（5-2）, delivery pipe（5-3）, delivery pipe（5-3）Upper end with Feed pipe（1-11）Upper end entrance is connected as one, the heating carbon-point（6）Around stainless steel inner container（1-3）It is interspersed in insulating layer （1-4）On, and connect power supply；The sampling pipe（7）It is interspersed in gasification furnace body（1）On, one end stretches into stainless steel inner container（1- 3）Interior, the other end is in gasification furnace body（1）Outside, and outside furnace body breather valve is arranged in one end（7-1）；The sampling pipe（7）Respectively It is arranged in top reaction zone（1-3-1）, middle part aditus laryngis（1-3-2）, aditus laryngis lower reaction zone（1-3-3）, product gas collecting region（1- 3-4）；The PLC control devices（8）Mounted on material storing box（5-1）On, and feeding motor is separately connected by control line（5-2）、 Electric butterfly valve one（1-12）, electric butterfly valve two（1-13）；The fire grate（9）Mounted on stainless steel inner container（1-3）Bottom, and frame exists Collect slag device（4）Inner cavity top；The fire grate（9）Fire grate hole is arranged in top surface（9-1）；The fire grate（9）Upper setting fire grate sweeps up dust Device（10）, fire grate sweeps up dust device（10）Including fixed plate（10-1）, horizontal rotating shaft（10-2）, vertical shaft（10-3）, erect D-axis is held（10-4）, tumbler gear（10-5）, cleaning board（10-6）；The fixed plate（10-1）Mounted on collection slag device（4） Inner cavity upper top；The horizontal rotating shaft（10-2）Mounted on fixed plate（10-1）On, one end extend out to gasification furnace body （1）Outside, external part connection wind or motor；The horizontal rotating shaft（10-2）Upper setting horizontal teeth（10-2-1）；It is described vertical Shaft（10-3）Mounted on vertical bearing（10-4）It is interior, and pass through tumbler gear（10-5）With horizontal rotating shaft（10-2）Engagement；Institute State vertical bearing（10-4）With fire grate（9）It is fixedly connected；The cleaning board（10-6）Mounted on vertical shaft（10-3）Top, and It is bonded fire grate（9）Top surface.
Further, the temperature monitoring system（11）Monitor top reaction zone in real time using temperature monitoring equipment（1-3-1）, Middle part aditus laryngis（1-3-2）, aditus laryngis lower reaction zone（1-3-3）, product gas collecting region（1-3-4）, reaction temperature, pass through adjusting Heat carbon-point（6）Control the reaction temperature of each reaction zone.
Further, pass through sampling pipe（7）It can be in real time to top reaction zone（1-3-1）, middle part aditus laryngis（1-3-2）, aditus laryngis Lower reaction zone（1-3-3）, product gas collecting region（1-3-4）Reaction gas sampled, and carry out quantitative detection, realize anti- Answer the real-time monitoring of situation.
Further, the aditus laryngis lower reaction zone（1-3-3）Internal diameter is less than top reaction zone（1-3-1）；The middle part larynx Mouthful（1-3-2）For middle part inner concavity；The product gas collecting region（1-3-4）Internal diameter and top reaction zone（1-3-1）It is identical；Gasification Stove carries middle part aditus laryngis using intermediate（1-3-2）Form, upper cone section is shunk meet the pyrolysis of material in stove after volume-diminished spy Sign, lower cone section flaring are convenient for the decline of material；The structure is conducive to gasification materiel and forms " bulk flow " in stove, is effectively reduced Knot arch of building bridge is inclined to.
Further, the high-temperature vapour inlet channel（1-6）It is arranged symmetrically using both sides, and two steam-gas inlets are opposite, High-temperature vapour is by high-temperature vapour preparation facilities（3）Gained.
The process of above-mentioned reverse-flow type high temperature fixed bed gasification furnace, it is characterised in that：The process includes material Preprocess method, continuous automatic feeding method and gasification reaction process：
（1）The material preprocess method is：Dry materials to moisture content are less than 15%, are crushed to particle size range in 10- 30mm；
（2）The continuous automatic feeding method is：Material is added to material storing box（5-1）It is interior, pass through PLC control devices（8）It adjusts Control feeding motor（5-2）, electric butterfly valve one（1-12）, electric butterfly valve two（1-13）Substep acts；Specifically operational logic is：It is electronic Butterfly valve one（1-12）It opens, electric butterfly valve two（1-13）It closes, feeding motor（5-2）Operation, by material storing box（5-1）Interior material adds It is added to hopper chamber（1-14）It is interior；Feeding motor（5-2）Out of service after operation a period of time, filler terminates, electric butterfly valve one（1- 12）It closes, electric butterfly valve two（1-13）It opens；So realize continuous auto feed；
（3）The gasification reaction process is：Material enters stainless steel inner container（1-3）Afterwards, it is divided into four regions from top to bottom, respectively For：Dry materials area, pyrolysis reaction region, oxidation reaction zone and reduction reaction area；
The first step, the dry materials area is mainly in top reaction zone（1-3-1）, temperature contains moisture at 100 DEG C -300 DEG C Material carry out heat exchange with following heat source herein, so that the moisture evaporation in material is gone out；The product in dry materials area is Dry material and vapor, dry material move down under the effect of gravity, and vapor overcomes heat buoyancy also downward under strength suction It is mobile；
Second step, the pyrolysis reaction region is mainly in middle part aditus laryngis（1-3-2）Place, temperature come from material at 500 DEG C -800 DEG C The dry material and vapor of dry section obtain oxidation reaction block transitive and heating carbon-point after entering pyrolysis reaction region（6）It provides Heat, biomass fermentation give birth to pyrolytic reaction and are cracked into the substances such as carbon, volatile matter and tar, product gas return-air duct（1-8）It introduces Recyclegas also enter the conversion zone, carry out second pyrolysis, key reaction is：CHXOY=n1C+n2H2+n3H2O+n4CO+ n5CO2+n6CH4；
Third walks, and mainly in aditus laryngis lower reaction zone, it is anti-to carry out self-pyrolysis at 1000 DEG C -1200 DEG C for temperature for the oxidation reaction zone The biomass pyrolysis product and reflux gas for answering area continue to move down together with vapor in gasification furnace, which is mainly to carry out self-heating Solve reaction zone coke occur imperfect combustion reaction and in reflux gas tar oxidation reaction, generate one oxidation Carbon, carbon dioxide and vapor, while amount of heat is released, key reaction is：C+ O2→CO2、2C+ O2→2CO、CH4+2O2 →CO2+2H2O；
4th step, the reduction reaction area is mainly in product gas collecting region（1-3-4）, temperature is at 800 DEG C -1000 DEG C, the region Existing without oxygen, reduction reaction occurs for the red-hot charcoal of carbon dioxide and high-temperature vapor herein with non-complete oxidation, Generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen etc.；Tar in reflux gas can occur adequately to react herein with high-temperature vapor；It is main anti- It should be： C+ CO2→2CO、C+ H2O→CO+ H2、C+ 2H2O→CO2+ 2H2、CO + H2O→2CO2+ H2、CO+3H2→CH4 + H2O, tar+H2O→H2+ CH4+ CO。
Although with reference to previous examples, invention is explained in detail, for those skilled in the art, Still the technical solution recorded in foregoing embodiments can be carried out and change, or be carried out to which part technical characteristic etc. With replacing, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in this Within the protection domain of invention.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of reverse-flow type high temperature fixed bed gasification furnace, including gasification furnace body, hydraulic filter unit, high-temperature vapour prepare dress It sets, collects slag device, feeding device heats carbon-point, sampling pipe, PLC control devices, fire grate, and fire grate sweeps up dust device, temperature monitoring system System；It is characterized in that：The gasification furnace body includes upper furnace body, lower volume, stainless steel inner container, insulating layer；The top Furnace body is connect with lower volume using flange seal, and link position is furnace body flange connections；The stainless steel inner container is mounted on Gasify in furnace body, and is insulating layer between stainless steel inner container and gasification furnace body；The stainless steel inner container is divided into from top to bottom Portion's reaction zone, middle part aditus laryngis, aditus laryngis lower reaction zone, product gas collecting region；The top reaction zone is furnace body flange connections The above space, middle part aditus laryngis are located at lower volume top, and stainless steel inner container bottom section is product gas collecting region, and aditus laryngis lower part is anti- Answer area between middle part aditus laryngis and product gas collecting region；The high-temperature vapour air inlet of lower volume setting connection middle part aditus laryngis Product gas outlet passageway and product gas return-air duct is arranged in channel, product gas collecting region；The product gas return-air duct connection production Product gas collecting region top and top reaction zone, and gas circulation wind turbine is accessed on product gas return-air duct；The lower volume Electric apparatus room, electric appliance indoor location gas circulation wind turbine are set in insulating layer；The product gas return-air duct connection product gas is collected Hydraulic filter unit is set at area；The hydraulic filter unit includes screen pipe, filter net sheet, hydraulic pressure screeding device, blow-off pipe Road；The filter net sheet is mounted in screen pipe；The hydraulic pressure screeding device includes lever, intermediate axle bed, hydraulic stem, scraper plate company Bar, scraper plate；The lever is connect by shaft with intermediate axle bed, and the hydraulic stem that one end is fixed on electric apparatus room with lower end is connect, The other end is connect by scraper plate connecting rod with the scraper plate in screen pipe；The scraper plate side is close to filter net sheet, and below scraper plate Mudhole is set on screen pipe, and mudhole connects carbon black collecting vessel by blow-off line；The product gas outlet passageway is located at production Product gas collecting region lower part；Feed pipe is set at the top of the gasification furnace body, and electric butterfly valve one is arranged in the upper end inlet, and lower end connects Logical stainless steel inner container, and electric butterfly valve two is arranged in connectivity part, electric butterfly valve one is hopper chamber with two clip spaces of electric butterfly valve；Institute High-temperature vapour preparation facilities is stated to connect by steam pipe with high-temperature vapour inlet channel；The collection slag device is located at gasification furnace body It is connected to inside underface, internal cavity and stainless steel inner container；The collection slag device is connected with gasification furnace body using flange seal It connects；The feeding device includes material storing box, feeding motor, delivery pipe, and delivery pipe upper end is connected as one with end entrance on feed pipe Body, the heating carbon-point are interspersed in around stainless steel inner container on insulating layer, and connect power supply；The sampling pipe is interspersed in gasification furnace On furnace body, one end stretches into stainless steel inner container, and the other end is outside gasification furnace body, and breather valve is arranged in one end outside furnace body； The sampling pipe is separately positioned on top reaction zone, middle part aditus laryngis, aditus laryngis lower reaction zone, product gas collecting region；The PLC controls Device processed is mounted on material storing box, and is separately connected feeding motor, electric butterfly valve one, electric butterfly valve two by control line；It is described Fire grate is mounted on stainless steel inner container bottom, and frame is on collection slag device inner cavity top；Fire grate top surface setting fire grate hole；The stove Fire grate is arranged on row to sweep up dust device, the fire grate device that sweeps up dust includes fixed plate, horizontal rotating shaft, vertical shaft, vertical bearing, commutation Gear, cleaning board；The fixed plate is mounted on collection slag device inner cavity upper top；The horizontal rotating shaft is mounted on fixed plate On, one end is extend out to outside gasification furnace body, and external part connects wind or motor；Horizontal teeth is set on the horizontal rotating shaft； The vertical shaft is mounted in vertical bearing, and is engaged with horizontal rotating shaft by tumbler gear；The vertical bearing and fire grate It is fixedly connected；The cleaning board is mounted on vertical shaft top, and is bonded fire grate top surface.
2. a kind of reverse-flow type high temperature fixed bed gasification furnace according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:The temperature monitoring system Top reaction zone, middle part aditus laryngis, aditus laryngis lower reaction zone, product gas collecting region are separately positioned on using temperature monitoring equipment.
3. a kind of reverse-flow type high temperature fixed bed gasification furnace according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:The aditus laryngis lower part reaction Area's internal diameter is less than top reaction zone；The middle part aditus laryngis is middle part inner concavity；The product gas collecting region internal diameter is reacted with top Area is identical.
4. a kind of reverse-flow type high temperature fixed bed gasification furnace according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:The high-temperature vapour into Gas channel is arranged symmetrically using both sides, and two steam-gas inlets are opposite.
5. a kind of process using reverse-flow type high temperature fixed bed gasification furnace described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described Process includes material preprocess method, continuous automatic feeding method and gasification reaction process：
（1）The material preprocess method is：Dry materials to moisture content are less than 15%, are crushed to particle size range in 10- 30mm；
（2）The continuous automatic feeding method is：Material is added in material storing box, feeding electricity is regulated and controled by PLC control devices Mechanical, electrical dynamic butterfly valve one, electric butterfly valve two act step by step；Specifically operational logic is：Electric butterfly valve one is opened, electric butterfly valve two closes It closes, feeding motor operation, material in material storing box is added to hopper intracavitary；It is out of service after feeding motor operation a period of time, Filler terminates, and electric butterfly valve one is closed, electric butterfly valve two is opened；So realize continuous auto feed；
（3）The gasification reaction process is：After material enters stainless steel inner container, it is divided into four regions from top to bottom, respectively：Object Expect dry section, pyrolysis reaction region, oxidation reaction zone and reduction reaction area；
The first step, the dry materials area is mainly in top reaction zone, and at 100 DEG C -300 DEG C, the material containing moisture exists temperature Here heat exchange is carried out with following heat source, the moisture evaporation in material is made to go out；The product in dry materials area be dry material and Vapor, dry material move down under the effect of gravity, and vapor overcomes heat buoyancy also to move down under strength suction；
Second step, the pyrolysis reaction region is mainly at the aditus laryngis of middle part, and temperature is at 500 DEG C -800 DEG C, from dry materials area Dry material and vapor obtain oxidation reaction block transitive after entering pyrolysis reaction region and heat the heat that carbon-point provides, biomass Pyrolytic reaction occurs and is cracked into the substances such as carbon, volatile matter and tar, the recyclegas that product gas return-air duct introduces also enters The conversion zone, carries out second pyrolysis, and key reaction is：CHXOY=n1C+n2H2+n3H2O+n4CO+n5CO2+n6CH4；
Third walks, and mainly in aditus laryngis lower reaction zone, it is anti-to carry out self-pyrolysis at 1000 DEG C -1200 DEG C for temperature for the oxidation reaction zone The biomass pyrolysis product and reflux gas for answering area continue to move down together with vapor in gasification furnace, which is mainly to carry out self-heating Solve reaction zone coke occur imperfect combustion reaction and in reflux gas tar oxidation reaction, generate one oxidation Carbon, carbon dioxide and vapor, while amount of heat is released, key reaction is：C+ O2→CO2、2C+ O2→2CO、CH4+2O2 →CO2+2H2O；
4th step, the reduction reaction area is mainly in product gas collecting region, and at 800 DEG C -1000 DEG C, which has not had temperature Oxygen exists, and reduction reaction occurs for the red-hot charcoal of carbon dioxide and high-temperature vapor herein with non-complete oxidation, generates one Carbonoxide and hydrogen etc.；Tar in reflux gas can occur adequately to react herein with high-temperature vapor；Key reaction is： C + CO2→2CO、C+ H2O→CO+ H2、C+ 2H2O→CO2+ 2H2、CO + H2O→2CO2+ H2、CO+3H2→CH4+ H2O、 Tar+H2O→H2+ CH4+ CO。
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