CN105349184A - Compound furnace catalysis vaporization device and method - Google Patents
Compound furnace catalysis vaporization device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105349184A CN105349184A CN201510755817.4A CN201510755817A CN105349184A CN 105349184 A CN105349184 A CN 105349184A CN 201510755817 A CN201510755817 A CN 201510755817A CN 105349184 A CN105349184 A CN 105349184A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a compound furnace catalysis vaporization device and method. A compound furnace comprises a vaporizing chamber, a catalysis chamber, a matching feeding device, a filtering unit and the like. In one embodiment, an inner cylinder is the vaporizing chamber, materials are sent to the vaporizing chamber through a screw feeder, the upper part of the vaporizing chamber is a filtering unit, particles in vaporized gas are filtered, the vaporized gas is returned to the vaporizing furnace, vaporization is carried out again, the annular space between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder is the catalysis chamber, the catalysis chamber is loaded with catalysts, and tar in the vaporized gas is subjected to catalysis cracking. In another embodiment, the inner cylinder is the catalysis chamber, and the annular space between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder is the vaporizing chamber. The energy-saving, compact and high-efficiency compound vaporizing furnace catalysis cracking device and method are provided, a cyclone separator and an additional catalysis chamber heating device are omitted, and high temperature of the vaporizing chamber is utilized fully to heat the catalysts.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to catalytic gasification technology, particularly relate to a kind of device and method of composite furnace catalytic gasification.
Background technology
Along with China's rapid development of economy, the generation of domestic waste increases sharply, and the domestic waste output of China in 2012 just reaches 1.7 hundred million tons.Domestic refuse is arbitrarily stacked for a long time, not only take a large amount of soils, and cause the pollution of air, soil and water body, the disposal technology of current domestic refuse mainly contains landfill, fermentation, compost and burning, wherein incineration technology has outstanding advantage and becomes the Major Technology of Disposal of City Domestic Garbage in minimizing and resource utilization, but incineration technology exists serious pollution problem.
Gasification technology carries out thermal transition to waste in oxygen-deficient situation, to obtain gasification gas for main purpose.Compared to direct burning, gasification technology has obvious advantage in the emission control of heavy metal and dioxin.But more tar can be produced in gasification, these tar condense at low temperatures, meeting corrosion pipeline equipment after being combined with the impurity such as water and flying dust; And tar is difficult to burning completely at low temperatures, easily produces carbon black, can damage gas-fired equipment, so the existence that gasification gas is coal-tar middle oil, the further utilization of gasification gas greatly can be limited; In addition, the tar produced in biomass gasification process accounts for the 5-10% of biomass total energy, if can not using the Energy Efficient in tar, will cause the waste of energy.Therefore, effectively removing tar and utilize the energy in tar fully, is the key point that gasification technology is applied.
The removal methods of current tar mainly contains physics decoking method and thermochemistry decoking method, and wherein physics decoking method is only that tar has been transferred to condensation phase from gas phase, can not make full use of the energy in tar.Thermochemistry decoking method comprises pyrolysis method and catalystic pyrolysis, wherein pyrolysis method requires higher temperature, generally just can there is reasonable goudron lysis rate when temperature is greater than 1100 DEG C, so high temperature not only requires very high to equipment self material, and require good heat-preserving equipment, very large energy consumption will certainly be produced, unreasonable economically.Thus catalystic pyrolysis is the most effective tar minimizing technology of generally acknowledging at present.The catalyst type that catalytic pyrolysis adopts is a lot, has nickel-base catalyst, calcined dolomite, magnesite, zeolite, peridotites and iron catalyst etc.
The catalytic pyrolysis of tar is a very complicated reaction process, mainly comprises following reaction:
Heat scission reaction:
Coke tar reforming reacts:
Gasification reaction:
Except these main reactions above, also likely there is the reaction that intermediate product regroups into macromolecular cpd.
At present for the catalytic pyrolysis of tar, first method is by catalyzer and mixing of materials, second method is separated material and catalyzer, the gasification gas that material gasification produces carries out the catalytic pyrolysis of tar via follow-up catalytic section, wherein second method application is more, and usually gasification section and catalytic section are arranged in two different reactors in the method, cyclonic separator is needed to remove the flying dust gasified in gas between gasification section and catalytic section, catalytic section also needs the heating installation added to carry out heatable catalyst, one takies larger space, two need extra energy supply.If catalytic section to be arranged in the center of vaporizer or the periphery of vaporizer, the heat that just can make full use of gasification carrys out heatable catalyst, do not need to add extra thermal source again and just can carry out effective catalytic cracking of tar, be inflammable gas by tar conversion, arrange a filtering unit in the upper end of vaporizer simultaneously, effectively can remove the solid particulate matter in gasification gas, and solid particulate matter can return in stove and regasifies in time.The design of this combined type catalytic gasification stove can save energy and save space, has very large industrial application value.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the vaporizer in catalytic gasification process and catalyst chamber to be integrated into a combined type catalytic gasification stove, the heat making full use of gasification carrys out heatable catalyst, do not need to add extra thermal source again and just can carry out effective catalytic cracking of tar, arrange a filtering unit in the upper end of vaporizer simultaneously, effectively can remove the solid particulate matter in gasification gas, and solid particulate matter can return in stove and regasifies in time.The design of this combined type catalytic gasification stove can save energy and saving space.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of device of combined type catalytic gasification stove comprises vaporizer and catalyst chamber, vaporizer and catalyst chamber are double-barrel structure, wherein inner core is vaporizer, the annular space that urceolus and inner core are formed is catalyst chamber, vaporizer top is equipped with screw feeder, filtering unit, the outlet connecting conveying pipe road of screw feeder, the other end outlet of transport pipe is positioned in the middle part of vaporizer, described vaporizer bottom is provided with air distribution plate, air distribution plate has end slag outlet, air distribution plate bottom is provided with gasifying medium divider, gasifying medium entrance is connected with gasifying medium divider, annular space between urceolus and inner core is catalyst chamber, catalyst inlet is arranged at catalyst chamber top, lower sides has catalyst outlet and the outlet of gasification gas, outside is electrical heater.
Preferably, the diameter of described inner core and urceolus is than between 1:1 to 1:2.
According to one embodiment of present invention, a kind of device of combined type catalytic gasification stove comprises vaporizer and catalyst chamber, vaporizer and catalyst chamber are double-barrel structure, wherein inner core is catalyst chamber, the annular space that wall of the outer-rotor and inner tube wall are formed is vaporizer, vaporizer top is equipped with screw feeder, filtering unit, the outlet connecting conveying pipe road of screw feeder, the other end outlet of transport pipe is positioned in the middle part of vaporizer, described vaporizer bottom is provided with air distribution plate, air distribution plate has end slag outlet, air distribution plate bottom is provided with gasifying medium divider, gasifying medium entrance is connected with gasifying medium divider, annular space between urceolus and inner core is catalyst chamber, catalyst inlet is arranged at catalyst chamber top, catalyst outlet and the outlet of gasification gas are arranged at bottom, outside is electrical heater.
Preferably, the diameter of described inner core and urceolus is than between 1:2 to 1:10.
Described filtering unit is a kind of filtration unit comprising one or more layers filter membrane, and filter sizes is between 5 microns to 100 microns, and described filtering unit reaches more than 90% to the removal efficiency of solid particulate matter in gasification gas.
The catalysis gasification method of described device is: open electrical heater, temperature is risen to 800 DEG C, bed material sends into vaporizer by screw feeder, gasifying medium is by gasifying medium entrance, via gasifying medium divider, vaporizer is entered by air distribution plate, after stabilization fluid state to be achieved, material sends into vaporizer by screw feeder, catalyzer sends into catalyst chamber by the catalyst inlet on catalyst chamber top, material gasifies in vaporizer, after question response is stable, close electrical heater, because gasification heat release holding temperature is at 800 DEG C in vaporizer, gasification liberated heat heats the catalyst chamber being arranged in periphery or center simultaneously, the temperature of catalyst chamber is made also to maintain 800 DEG C, slag of the reacted end is exported by the end slag of vaporizer bottom and discharges, gasification gas is first through the filtering unit on vaporizer top, solid particulate matter is separated, under gravity, enter into vaporizer to regasify, the gasification gas getting rid of particulate matter enters catalyst chamber, tar is catalyzed is cracked into inflammable gas, gasification gas after purification is discharged by the gasification gas outlet of catalyst chamber lower sides or bottom, the catalyzer of inactivation is discharged by the catalyst outlet of catalyst chamber lower sides or bottom.
Described catalyzer comprises one or more of ferrum-based catalyst, nickel-base catalyst, peridotites, magnesite, zeolite, calcined dolomite, calcium oxide, transition-metal catalyst and coke.
Described material comprises one or more of domestic refuse, biomass, mud and industrial solid castoff.
Described bed material comprises one or more of quartz sand, peridotites, rhombspar and calcium oxide.
Described gasifying medium comprises one or more of oxygen, carbonic acid gas, nitrogen and water vapour.
The marked difference that the present invention compared with prior art has is: in existing catalytic gasification device, usually gasification section and catalytic section are arranged in two different reactors, cyclonic separator is needed to remove the flying dust gasified in gas between gasification section and catalytic section, catalytic section also needs the heating installation added to carry out heatable catalyst, one takies larger space, and two need extra energy supply.Vaporizer in catalytic gasification process and catalyst chamber are integrated into a combined type catalytic gasification stove by the present invention, the heat making full use of gasification carrys out heatable catalyst, do not need to add extra thermal source again and just can carry out effective catalytic cracking of tar, be inflammable gas by tar conversion, arrange a filtering unit in the upper end of vaporizer simultaneously, no longer need additionally to arrange that cyclonic separator is to remove solid particulate matter, this filtering unit effectively can remove the solid particulate matter in gasification gas, and solid particulate matter can return in vaporizer in time under gravity and regasify.In the gasification gas produced by combined type catalytic gasification stove, the content of solid particulate matter and tar is all very low, is conducive to the further utilization of gasification gas.The design of this combined type catalytic gasification stove, also can save energy and save space while the removing of the solid particulate matter effectively realized in gasification gas and tar.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The device schematic diagram of Fig. 1 to be inner core be combined type catalytic gasification stove of vaporizer.
The device schematic diagram of Fig. 2 to be inner core be combined type catalytic gasification stove of catalyst chamber.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of device of combined type catalytic gasification stove comprises vaporizer 2 and catalyst chamber 1, vaporizer 2 and catalyst chamber 1 are in double-barrel structure, wherein inner core is vaporizer 2, the annular space that urceolus and inner core are formed is catalyst chamber 1, vaporizer 2 top is equipped with screw feeder 15, filtering unit 14, the outlet connecting conveying pipe road of screw feeder 15, the other end outlet of transport pipe is positioned in the middle part of vaporizer 2, described vaporizer 2 bottom is provided with air distribution plate 5, air distribution plate 5 has end slag outlet 8, air distribution plate 5 bottom is provided with gasifying medium divider 6, gasifying medium entrance 7 is connected with gasifying medium divider 6, annular space between urceolus and inner core is catalyst chamber 1, catalyst inlet 13 is arranged at catalyst chamber 1 top, lower sides has catalyst outlet 4 and gasification gas outlet 9, outside is electrical heater 12.
Preferably, the diameter of described inner core and urceolus is than between 1:1 to 1:2.
As shown in Figure 2, according to one embodiment of present invention, a kind of device of combined type catalytic gasification stove comprises vaporizer 2 and catalyst chamber 1, vaporizer 2 and catalyst chamber 1 are in double-barrel structure, wherein inner core is catalyst chamber 2, the annular space that wall of the outer-rotor and inner tube wall are formed is vaporizer 2, vaporizer 2 top is equipped with screw feeder 15, filtering unit 14, the outlet connecting conveying pipe road of screw feeder 15, the other end outlet of transport pipe is positioned in the middle part of vaporizer 2, described vaporizer 2 bottom is provided with air distribution plate 5, air distribution plate 5 has end slag outlet 8, air distribution plate 5 bottom is provided with gasifying medium divider 6, gasifying medium entrance 7 is connected with gasifying medium divider 6, annular space between urceolus and inner core is catalyst chamber 1, catalyst inlet 13 is arranged at catalyst chamber 1 top, catalyst outlet 4 and gasification gas outlet 9 are arranged at bottom, outside is electrical heater 12.
Preferably, the diameter of described inner core and urceolus is than between 1:2 to 1:10.
Described filtering unit 14 is a kind of filtration units comprising one or more layers filter membrane, and filter sizes is between 5 microns to 100 microns, and described filtering unit reaches more than 90% to the removal efficiency of solid particulate matter in gasification gas.
As illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, the catalysis gasification method of described device is: open electrical heater, temperature is risen to 800 DEG C, bed material 11 sends into vaporizer by screw feeder, gasifying medium is by gasifying medium entrance, via gasifying medium divider, vaporizer is entered by air distribution plate, after stabilization fluid state to be achieved, material 3 sends into vaporizer by screw feeder, catalyzer sends into catalyst chamber by the catalyst inlet on catalyst chamber top, material gasifies in vaporizer, after question response is stable, close electrical heater, because gasification heat release holding temperature is at 800 DEG C in vaporizer, gasification liberated heat heats the catalyst chamber being arranged in periphery or center simultaneously, the temperature of catalyst chamber is made also to maintain 800 DEG C, slag of the reacted end is exported by the end slag of vaporizer bottom and discharges, gasification gas is first through the filtering unit on vaporizer top, solid particulate matter is separated, under gravity, enter into vaporizer to regasify, the gasification gas getting rid of particulate matter enters catalyst chamber, tar is catalyzed is cracked into inflammable gas, gasification gas after purification is discharged by the gasification gas outlet of catalyst chamber lower sides or bottom, the catalyzer of inactivation is discharged by the catalyst outlet of catalyst chamber lower sides or bottom.
Described catalyzer 10 comprises one or more of ferrum-based catalyst, nickel-base catalyst, peridotites, magnesite, zeolite, calcined dolomite, calcium oxide, transition-metal catalyst and coke.
Described material 3 comprises one or more of domestic refuse, biomass, mud and industrial solid castoff.
Described bed material 11 comprises one or more of quartz sand, peridotites, rhombspar and calcium oxide.
Described gasifying medium comprises one or more of oxygen, carbonic acid gas, nitrogen and water vapour.
Vaporizer in catalytic gasification process and catalyst chamber are integrated into a combined gasification furnace by the present invention, the heat making full use of gasification carrys out heatable catalyst, do not need to add extra thermal source again and just can carry out effective catalytic cracking of tar, be inflammable gas by tar conversion, arrange a filtering unit in the upper end of vaporizer simultaneously, no longer need additionally to arrange that cyclonic separator is to remove solid particulate matter, this filtering unit effectively can remove the solid particulate matter in gasification gas, and solid particulate matter can return in stove in time under gravity and regasifies.In the gasification gas produced by combined type catalytic gasification stove, the content of solid particulate matter and tar is all very low, is conducive to the further utilization of gasification gas.The design of this combined type catalytic gasification stove, also can save energy and save space while the removing of the solid particulate matter effectively realized in gasification gas and tar.
Although be described the embodiment of specification sheets of the present invention above; so that those skilled in the art understand the present invention; but should be clear; the invention is not restricted to the scope of embodiment; to those skilled in the art; as long as various change to limit and in the spirit and scope of the present invention determined, these changes are apparent, and all innovation and creation utilizing the present invention to conceive are all at the row of protection in appended claim.
Claims (10)
1. the device of a combined type catalytic gasification stove, it is characterized in that: comprise vaporizer (2) and catalyst chamber (1), vaporizer (2) and catalyst chamber (1) are in double-barrel structure, wherein inner core is vaporizer (2), the annular space that urceolus and inner core are formed is catalyst chamber (1), vaporizer (2) top is equipped with screw feeder (15), filtering unit (14), the outlet connecting conveying pipe road of screw feeder (15), the other end outlet of transport pipe is positioned at vaporizer (2) middle part, described vaporizer (2) bottom is provided with air distribution plate (5), air distribution plate (5) has end slag outlet (8), air distribution plate (5) bottom is provided with gasifying medium divider (6), gasifying medium entrance (7) is connected with gasifying medium divider (6), annular space between urceolus and inner core is catalyst chamber (1), catalyst inlet (13) is arranged at catalyst chamber (1) top, lower sides has catalyst outlet (4) and gasification gas outlet (9), outside is electrical heater (12).
2. the device of combined type catalytic gasification stove as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the diameter of described inner core and urceolus is than between 1:1 to 1:2.
3. the device of a combined type catalytic gasification stove, it is characterized in that: comprise vaporizer (2) and catalyst chamber (1), vaporizer (2) and catalyst chamber (1) are in double-barrel structure, wherein inner core is catalyst chamber (2), the annular space that wall of the outer-rotor and inner tube wall are formed is vaporizer (2), vaporizer (2) top is equipped with screw feeder (15), filtering unit (14), the outlet connecting conveying pipe road of screw feeder (15), the other end outlet of transport pipe is positioned at vaporizer (2) middle part, described vaporizer (2) bottom is provided with air distribution plate (5), air distribution plate (5) has end slag outlet (8), air distribution plate (5) bottom is provided with gasifying medium divider (6), gasifying medium entrance (7) is connected with gasifying medium divider (6), annular space between urceolus and inner core is catalyst chamber (1), catalyst inlet (13) is arranged at catalyst chamber (1) top, catalyst outlet (4) and gasification gas outlet (9) are arranged at bottom, outside is electrical heater (12).
4. the device of combined type catalytic gasification stove as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that the diameter of described inner core and urceolus is than between 1:2 to 1:10.
5. the device as described in claim 1 or 3, it is characterized in that described filtering unit (14) is a kind of filtration unit comprising one or more layers filter membrane, filter sizes is between 5 microns to 100 microns, and described filtering unit reaches more than 90% to the removal efficiency of solid particulate matter in gasification gas.
6. one kind utilizes the catalysis gasification method of device described in claim 1 or 3, it is characterized in that: open electrical heater, temperature is risen to 800 DEG C, bed material (11) sends into vaporizer by screw feeder, gasifying medium is by gasifying medium entrance, via gasifying medium divider, vaporizer is entered by air distribution plate, after stabilization fluid state to be achieved, material (3) sends into vaporizer by screw feeder, catalyzer sends into catalyst chamber by the catalyst inlet on catalyst chamber top, material gasifies in vaporizer, after question response is stable, close electrical heater, because gasification heat release holding temperature is at 800 DEG C in vaporizer, gasification liberated heat heats the catalyst chamber being arranged in periphery or center simultaneously, the temperature of catalyst chamber is made also to maintain 800 DEG C, slag of the reacted end is exported by the end slag of vaporizer bottom and discharges, gasification gas is first through the filtering unit on vaporizer top, solid particulate matter is separated, under gravity, separated solid particulate matter reenters in vaporizer and regasifies, the gasification gas getting rid of particulate matter enters catalyst chamber, tar is catalyzed is cracked into inflammable gas, gasification gas after purification is discharged by the gasification gas outlet of catalyst chamber lower sides or bottom, the catalyzer of inactivation is discharged by the catalyst outlet of catalyst chamber lower sides or bottom.
7. a method as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that described catalyzer (10) comprises one or more of ferrum-based catalyst, nickel-base catalyst, peridotites, magnesite, zeolite, calcined dolomite, calcium oxide, transition-metal catalyst and coke.
8. a method as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that described material (3) comprises one or more of domestic refuse, biomass, mud and industrial solid castoff.
9. a method as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that described bed material (11) comprises one or more of quartz sand, peridotites, rhombspar and calcium oxide.
10. a method as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that described gasifying medium comprises one or more of oxygen, carbonic acid gas, nitrogen and water vapour.
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Cited By (9)
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| CN106701197A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-24 | 广东国能中林实业有限公司 | Tar removal structure of biomass gasifying furnace and application method of tar removal structure |
| CN107619681A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-01-23 | 南昌大学 | A kind of microwave radiation technology Quick-gasifying stalk method |
| CN108410503A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-08-17 | 内蒙古科技大学 | A kind of reverse-flow type high temperature fixed bed gasification furnace and its process |
| CN108424778A (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2018-08-21 | 山东省化工研究院 | Gas-solid reaction device and the method for carrying out solid waste processing |
| CN108624360A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-10-09 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | A kind of gasification furnace and coal gasification method |
| CN109321277A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-02-12 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of fixed bed osmotic flow gasification furnace for coal gasification |
| CN109609192A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-04-12 | 大连科林能源工程技术开发有限公司 | A kind of high-efficiency and energy-saving type two-stage type biomass gasification stove gasification system |
| CN111943138A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-11-17 | 河南城建学院 | Biomass blending gasification hydrogen production device |
| CN114015476A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-02-08 | 山东省科学院能源研究所 | Baking-pyrolysis-gasification grading system and method |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106701197A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-24 | 广东国能中林实业有限公司 | Tar removal structure of biomass gasifying furnace and application method of tar removal structure |
| CN107619681A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-01-23 | 南昌大学 | A kind of microwave radiation technology Quick-gasifying stalk method |
| CN108410503A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-08-17 | 内蒙古科技大学 | A kind of reverse-flow type high temperature fixed bed gasification furnace and its process |
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| CN108624360A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-10-09 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | A kind of gasification furnace and coal gasification method |
| CN109321277A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-02-12 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of fixed bed osmotic flow gasification furnace for coal gasification |
| CN109609192A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-04-12 | 大连科林能源工程技术开发有限公司 | A kind of high-efficiency and energy-saving type two-stage type biomass gasification stove gasification system |
| CN111943138A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-11-17 | 河南城建学院 | Biomass blending gasification hydrogen production device |
| CN114015476A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-02-08 | 山东省科学院能源研究所 | Baking-pyrolysis-gasification grading system and method |
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