CN102134071B - Method for preparing activated carbon by pyrolysis of organic matters - Google Patents
Method for preparing activated carbon by pyrolysis of organic matters Download PDFInfo
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- CN102134071B CN102134071B CN201110083062XA CN201110083062A CN102134071B CN 102134071 B CN102134071 B CN 102134071B CN 201110083062X A CN201110083062X A CN 201110083062XA CN 201110083062 A CN201110083062 A CN 201110083062A CN 102134071 B CN102134071 B CN 102134071B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing activated carbon by pyrolysis of organic matters, comprising a pyrolyzing device, a reforming device, a drying device, a purifying device, a gas storage device and a high-temperature heat-storage combustion device, wherein pyrolysis reaction is carried out on organic matters by the pyrolyzing device so as to generate combustible gas, tar and coke, the combustible gas enters the drying device after passing through the reforming device so as to dry the organic matters, a part of the purified combustible gas combusts in the direction of a combustion passage of the high-temperature heat-storage burning device so as to generate combustion heat, and simultaneously, the other part of the combustible gas exchanges heat by the heat-storage combustion device in the direction of a heat-exchange passage, and then enters the pyrolyzing device for pyrolysis and activation reaction as pyrolyzing and activating medium. In the process of pyrolysis, the coke forms the activated carbon by activation of the combustible gas. The combustible gas generated by pyrolysis is dried by the drying device, and then sensible heat in the gas is fully released; a part of the combustible gas combusts to release heat as the energy source needed in the process of pyrolysis, and the combustible gas is a pyrolysis medium, and is also an activating agent in the process that the coke generates the activated carbon.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to organic matter pyrolysis and activated carbon technology field, relate to a kind of organic pyrolysis and produce process of active carbon.Specially refer to and utilize organism to comprise organic solid waste, biomass, coal, municipal sludge, oil field oil-containing mud, organism such as plastics class, rubber-like, organic waste and verivate thereof are produced pyrolysis and gac preparation method.
Background technology
Organism kinds is various, and output is huge.Pyrolysis is a kind of effective ways to the organism recycling treatment.Can obtain products such as inflammable gas, tar, coke through the pyrolysis organism.Inflammable gas, tar contain higher calorific value, can form gac after coke is activated.Gac is a kind of economic worth high product, is widely used in all types of industries process and the daily life.
The a large amount of energy of the organic process need consumption of pyrolysis.Pyrolytic process is that pyrolysis provides heat to consume the external energy mostly at present, and the process energy consumption is higher.The activation of STRENGTH ON COKE is also many with external gas such as water vapor, CO
2, air (mainly being oxygen) or their mixture be activated media, these activation methods are many will to consume the heat that the extra energy provides reactivation process.
The calorific value that contains in high-temperature combustible gas that produces in the organic matter pyrolysis process and the inflammable gas can provide required heat for the organic matter pyrolysis process.Make full use of sensible heat and fuel gases calorific value in the inflammable gas, can practice thrift the supply of external energy greatly.The tar that produces in the pyrolytic process is often swept along in combustible gas, becomes the root of problems such as line clogging, equipment corrosion.Pyrolytic tar has higher calorific value, to the reformation of pyrolysis inflammable gas, can promote the grade of combustible gas, reduces the discharging of tar.
Through retrieval found that number of patent application is 200810123383.6, name is called the technical scheme of " municipal sludge and agricultural wastes process for preparing active carbon by co-decomposition ".Municipal sludge and agricultural wastes process for preparing active carbon by co-decomposition have been mentioned in this scheme; This mode is with mixture secluding air heating at a certain temperature, and this method needs the external energy that pyrolytic process is heated, and energy consumption is higher; Streams closed is in reactor drum, and the fluidisation property of material is poor.Number of patent application is that 201010159906.X, name are called the technical scheme of " pyrolyzing municipal sludge prepares bio oil and process of active carbon simultaneously "; Mention the heat-transmission of municipal sludge cryogenic flow and separated method; This method needs a large amount of external energy reactor heatings; Sensible heat in the pyrolysis inflammable gas can not be fully used, and can not solve the problems that tar brings.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed in organic matter pyrolysis process and the process for preparing active carbon problem that needs to consume higher energy, provide a kind of utilize inflammable gas that organism produces through pyrolytic reaction for pyrolytic process with the energy is provided.Through the inflammable gas after reformation and the purification, behind the high-temperature heat accumulation reformer, the high temperature of generation to the inflammable gas heating, is the pyrolysis medium with the high-temperature combustible gas body behind regenerative heat exchange, carries out organic pyrolytic reaction.Reach zero supply of external energy in the organic matter pyrolysis process, realize the cheapness production of pyrolysis gac.
Organic matter pyrolysis of the present invention is produced active carbon method, comprises the scavenging process and the heat-accumulation combustion heat transfer process of organism pyrolytic process, reforming process, organism drying process, inflammable gas.
In the pyrolytic process, organism carries out pyrolysis as pyrolysis feed in the organic matter pyrolysis device, produces inflammable gas, tar and coke.Behind inflammable gas process gas-solid separating device, the high-temperature dust removing device, get into and carry out partial combustion accumulation of heat reformation in the reformer after the pyrolysis, the tar ingredients in the pyrolysis gas is decomposed.Reformer is a high temperature reforming reaction device, and the reformation medium is a catalyzer, and the tar ingredients in the inflammable gas is carried out CR through reformer.Tar component after reforming in the inflammable gas significantly lowers, and the inflammable gas calorific value improves after reforming.
The inflammable gas that comes out from reformer gets into drying installation, and through heat exchange heat drying device, inflammable gas is cooled.The wet stock that adds from the drying installation ingress is dried, and the organism that dry back produces gets into as pyrolysis feed and participates in reaction in the pyrolysis installation.In the drying process, inflammable gas gets into drying installation behind reformer, and drying process is used for reclaiming the sensible heat of inflammable gas; After super-dry, organic water ratio reduces greatly.
Cooled inflammable gas gets into accumulator unit through behind the refining plant.The inflammable gas that stores in the accumulator unit burns at the high-temperature heat accumulation combustion unit, and the high-temperature flue gas that burning produces makes the heat-accumulation combustion device keep higher temperature levels always, and the tail gas of discharge is discharged through behind the interchanger.
The inflammable gas of from accumulator unit, drawing is divided into two portions, and a part acts as a fuel and in the heat-accumulation combustion device, burns, and another part is heated in the heat-accumulation combustion device.Produce great amount of heat during burning inflammable gas is heated into the high-temperature combustible gas body.
In the heat-accumulation combustion device, the heat-accumulation combustion device has the passage of both direction, and a direction is a combustion channels, and the another one direction is a heat exchanger channels.Inflammable gas is drawn inflammable gas from accumulator unit and is carried out heat exchange through heat exchanger channels at the combustion channels incendiary simultaneously, and inflammable gas is formed the high-temperature combustible gas body by rapid heating in this process.The gas blower that links to each other with the heat-accumulation combustion device produces freezing air and reclaims the fume afterheat that the heat-accumulation combustion device is discharged through air preheater, thereby realizes preheating of air, and the warm air of formation is used for the burning of heat-accumulation combustion device and supplies with.
The high-temperature combustible gas body that comes out from the heat-accumulation combustion device is that pyrolytic reaction provides heat as pyrolysis medium entering pyrolysis installation, also as acvator the coke in the pyrolytic process is carried out activation simultaneously, thereby generates gac.
Described organic matter pyrolysis device is fluidized-bed, liquid bed, circulating fluidized bed or fixed bed.
The present invention, the inflammable gas component can be H in the pyrolytic process
2, CO, CO
2, CH
4, C
2H
4, C
2H
6, C
3H
6, C
3H
8, pyrolysis medium inlet temperature can be 600-800 ℃, the organism water ratio that gets in the pyrolysis installation can be 20-30%;
Described reformer can be high temperature reforming reaction device, and the working temperature of reformer can be 800-900 ℃; The working temperature of heat-accumulation combustion device can be 800-900 ℃; It is 150-200 ℃ to the preheating of air temperature in the heat-accumulation combustion flue tail gas preheating removal process.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) organic pyrolysis and activated carbon prepare process and can make full use of the calorific value that contains in the organism, realize that zero of the external energy supplies with, even the energy can externally be provided.
(2) the pyrolysis medium is an inflammable gas, and the pyrolysis medium both had been a thermal barrier, again as acvator activation coke, is gac thereby make the coke activation.
(3) the heat-accumulation combustion process can realize the heat-accumulation combustion of inflammable gas, can carry out the heat exchange of clean and effective to inflammable gas.
(4) drying process can be utilized the sensible heat in the inflammable gas, realizes organic drying, and energy is fully used and is practiced thrift, and organism is converted into fuel from solid waste, has promoted the organism grade.
(5) save energy, total system do not need other external energy.
(6) efficiently solve the purifying problem of gasification burning.Reforming process is reformed to the tar ingredients in the pyrolysis gas, can reduce the tar ingredients in the pyrolysis inflammable gas, promotes the inflammable gas calorific value simultaneously.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation according to apparatus of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing technical scheme of the present invention is done further explanation.
Shown in Figure 1 is to be used to implement the ultimate system layout that organic matter pyrolysis is produced the treatment unit of active carbon method according to the present invention.As shown in Figure 1, organism carries out pyrolysis as pyrolysis feed in the pyrolytic reaction device, produces inflammable gas and fixed carbon.Get in the reformer behind inflammable gas process gas-solid separating device and the high-temperature dust removing device and carry out reforming reaction, the tar ingredients in the inflammable gas is decomposed, and the inflammable gas calorific value is improved.The hot inflammable gas that comes out from reformer is through an organism drying installation, and wet organism is accomplished drying process through the sensible heat that absorbs in the hot inflammable gas, and dried organism is imported pyrolysis installation as pyrolysis feed.The high-temperature heat accumulation combustion unit has two channel direction, and one is the combustion channels direction, and one is the heat exchanger channels direction.Behind refining plant, get into accumulator unit through the inflammable gas behind the drying installation; Draw two air delivering pipelines from accumulator unit, one is connected with the combustion channels direction of high-temperature heat accumulation combustion unit, and other one is connected with the heat exchanger channels direction of high-temperature heat accumulation combustion unit.Combustion channels direction at the high-temperature heat accumulation combustion unit; Inflammable gas carries out high-temp combustion in the high-temperature heat accumulation combustion unit; Regenerator temperature raises; The flue gas that produces carries out preheating through an air heat exchanger to freezing air, and the air admission burning thermophore after the preheating is participated in combustion reactions as oxygenant; In this simultaneously; Another channel direction at the high-temperature heat accumulation combustion unit; The inflammable gas of drawing from accumulator unit is through the heat exchange direction passage of high-temp combustion device, and the low temperature inflammable gas is heated to be the high-temperature combustible gas body, and it is that pyrolytic reaction provides heat that these high-temperature combustible gas bodies get into pyrolysis installation as the pyrolysis medium; Simultaneously also the coke in the pyrolytic process is carried out activation, thereby coke generates gac as acvator.
Claims (2)
1. an organic matter pyrolysis is produced active carbon method, comprises the scavenging process and the heat-accumulation combustion heat transfer process of organism pyrolytic process, reforming process, organism drying process, inflammable gas, it is characterized in that following steps,
In the pyrolytic process, organism carries out pyrolysis as pyrolysis feed in the organic matter pyrolysis device, produces inflammable gas, tar and coke; Behind inflammable gas process gas-solid separating device, the high-temperature dust removing device, get into and carry out partial combustion accumulation of heat reformation in the reformer after the pyrolysis, the tar ingredients in the pyrolysis gas is decomposed; Reformer is a high temperature reforming reaction device, and working temperature is 800-900 ℃; The reformation medium is a catalyzer, and the tar ingredients in the inflammable gas is carried out CR through reformer;
Organism comprises organic solid waste, biomass, coal, municipal sludge, oil field oil-containing mud, plastics class, rubber-like, organic waste and verivate thereof; Inflammable gas is H
2, CO, CO
2, CH
4, C
2H
4, C
2H
6, C
3H
6, C
3H
8
The inflammable gas that comes out from reformer gets into drying installation, and through heat exchange heat drying device, inflammable gas is cooled; The wet stock that adds from the drying installation ingress is dried, and the organism that dry back produces gets into as pyrolysis feed and participates in reaction in the pyrolysis installation, and the wet stock water ratio that gets into drying installation is 60-80%; In the drying process, inflammable gas gets into drying installation behind reformer, and drying process is used for reclaiming the sensible heat of inflammable gas;
Cooled inflammable gas gets into accumulator unit through behind the refining plant; The inflammable gas that stores in the accumulator unit burns at the high-temperature heat accumulation combustion unit, and the high-temperature flue gas that burning produces makes the heat-accumulation combustion device keep higher temperature levels always, and the tail gas of discharge is discharged through behind the interchanger; It is 150-200 ℃ to the preheating of air temperature in the heat-accumulation combustion flue tail gas preheating removal process;
The inflammable gas of from accumulator unit, drawing is divided into two portions, and a part acts as a fuel and in the heat-accumulation combustion device, burns, and another part is heated in the heat-accumulation combustion device; Produce great amount of heat during burning inflammable gas is heated into the high-temperature combustible gas body;
The high-temperature combustible gas body that comes out from the heat-accumulation combustion device is that pyrolytic reaction provides heat as pyrolysis medium entering pyrolysis installation, also as acvator the coke in the pyrolytic process is carried out activation simultaneously, thereby generates gac.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described organic matter pyrolysis device is fluidized-bed, liquid bed, circulating fluidized bed or fixed bed.
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| CN107586550A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-01-16 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of organic matter automatically cleaning gasification and pyrolysis coupling activation prepares the device and method that high quality heat is vented one's spleen with activated carbon |
| CN107723026A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-02-23 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of device and method of organic matter clean manufacturing hot blast |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN107723026B (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2020-01-24 | 大连理工大学 | Device and method for producing hot air by cleaning organic matters |
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| CN102134071A (en) | 2011-07-27 |
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