CN103254918A - System and method for drying and carbonizing biomass raw material by using boiler flue gas - Google Patents
System and method for drying and carbonizing biomass raw material by using boiler flue gas Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and method method for drying and carbonizing a biomass raw material by using boiler flue gas. The invention relates to two processes of biomass drying as well as biomass carbonization and carbonization product utilization. In the process of biomass drying, the waste heat of rear flue gas of a boiler dust remover is used for drying the biomass raw material, so that the influence of the water content of the biomass raw material on a boiler system is avoided. In the process of biomass carbonization and carbonization product utilization, the heat of the flue gas at a boiler coal economizer is used for carrying out low-temperature pyrolysis carbonization treatment on the dried biomass so as to obtain biomass charcoals and a combustible pyrolysis gas with high heat values, high energy density and good hydrophobicity. By adopting the system and the method, the process of biomass drying and the process of carbonization are reasonably separated, the waste heat of the boiler flue gas is fully used, and the continuity of biomass drying and carbonization production is realized, so that the system and the method have the characteristics of wide raw material adaptability, high drying and carbonization efficiencies, stable carbonization product quality, convenience in operation, capability of scaling up easily and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of system and method that utilizes boiler smoke drying and charing biomass material, belong to the technical field of residual heat from boiler fume utilization and biomass utilization.
Background technology
A large amount of utilizations of fossil energy (coal, oil, Sweet natural gas etc.) not only make its resource exhaustion, and have caused the serious environmental pollution, and therefore, countries in the world are all with the development and utilization of the renewable energy source important content as the energy and environment Sustainable development.The biomass organic substance that to be plants generate by photosynthesis, resource reserve is abundant, widely distributed because it has, cleaning and zero CO
2The characteristics of clean discharging etc. are considered to a kind of important renewable energy.According to estimates, the biomass total amount that only generates by photosynthesis on the annual earth just reaches hundred million tons of 1440-1800 (dry weight), is equivalent to 10 times of present world total energy consumption.According to the difference in source, the biomass that will be suitable for energy utilization are divided into five big classes such as forest resourceies, agricultural resource, sanitary sewage and industrial organic waste water, municipal solid waste and feces of livestock and poultry.China's biomass resource is abundant, and only biomass straw just reaches about 700,000,000 tons.Along with rural area commercial energy resource (liquefied gas, electricity etc.) usage quantity increases sharply, a large amount of agricultural crop straws are abandoned in the field arbitrarily to be burned, and this has not only wasted valuable Energy resources, and has caused serious environmental pollution.Therefore, development and utilization biomass energy has important practical significance.
Biomass energy utilization technologies mainly comprises biomass direct combustion power generation technology, gasifying electricity generation technology, biomass-making oil tech and biomass molding fuel etc.Above-mentioned The Application of Technology all has certain technical requirements to biomass material.Because biomass material has the water ratio height, calorific value is low, energy density is low, perishable, grindability difference and shortcoming such as seasonal strong, as it not being carried out pre-treatment such as drying and charing, economy and the storage cycle of its long-distance transportation not only can have seriously been reduced, but also can reduce the thermal value of biomass material, and significantly improve biomass and utilize flue gas treatment capacity in the process, thereby enlarge markedly the size of body such as boiler and utility appliance, finally cause its thermo-efficiency to reduce and manufacturing cost significantly increases.
The biomass drying is one of pretreated gordian technique of biomass with charing.The biomass drying is to utilize thermal source to remove the process of external moisture in the biomass, biomass carbonated be under anoxia condition low temperature pyrogenation biomass material is converted to the biomass charcoal is the course of processing of main products.Biomass drying and charing can significantly improve thermal value and the energy density of biomass, improve its grinding and hydrophobicity, thereby make its long-distance transportation preferably and standing storage.The natural drying method is that what to use the earliest also is the most effective biomass drying method, but this method floor space is big and time-consuming, is not suitable for scale operation.Patent CN101693248A discloses a kind of high-temperature flue gas that uses biomass material has been carried out dry method, and it makes the water-contained biomass raw material behind high temperature flue gas drying, handles through heating and pressurizing again, makes the fluidization slurry.This method not only needs to introduce outside high temperature drying medium, and energy expenditure is very big, and is only applicable to handle the hydrobiont matter of high-moisture percentage (75%-85%).Patent CN100455965C discloses a kind of biomass drying method and board-like drying machine, by blast high-temperature gas in the casing of sealing, draws the moisture that produces in the drying process simultaneously, makes biomass be able to drying.This method has only been carried out drying treatment to biomass, and drying process need provide outside drying medium, and structure is comparatively complicated.CN102954678A discloses a kind of method and apparatus that utilizes biomass boiler flue gas drying biomass material, and this method utilizes the biomass boiler flue gas directly the biomass material in the track type kiln to be carried out drying treatment, and does not relate to biomass carbonated.Patent CN101885487A discloses a kind of device and method of continuously preparing active carbon by biomass in bulk, but this method relates to biomass drying, charing and reactivation process, is mainly used in continuous preparation biomass active charcoal.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention be exactly to overcome existing biomass material dry with charring process in system and device structure complexity, the energy consumption height, the defective that the continuity that is difficult to maximize is produced that exist, a kind of system and method that utilizes the dry and charing biomass material of boiler smoke is provided.The present invention has that process system is simple, adaptability to raw material is wide, dry and characteristics such as charing is effective, be easy to maximize, can produce continuously, can significantly improve calorific value and the energy density of biomass, dwindle boiler and subsystem size thereof, significantly improve the thermo-efficiency of boiler.
In order to realize the foregoing invention purpose, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
Utilize the system of boiler smoke drying and charing biomass material, comprise boiler, back-end ductwork, economizer, air preheater, cleaning apparatus, desulfation dust-extraction device, induced draft fan, drying installation, high temperature pre-duster, carbonizing apparatus, biomass charcoal refrigerating unit, grinding device, biomass charcoal moulding and packing plant, mill exhauster and pyrolysis gas blower fan, economizer and air preheater are arranged in the back-end ductwork, and back-end ductwork links to each other successively with cleaning apparatus, desulfation dust-extraction device, induced draft fan and chimney; Described back-end ductwork also links to each other successively with high temperature pre-duster, high-temperature blower and carbonizing apparatus, and drying installation is connected to carbonizing apparatus; Described carbonizing apparatus links to each other with pyrolysis gas blowout mouth on the boiler by pyrolysis gas blower fan on the one hand, passes through biomass charcoal refrigerating unit, grinding device, mill exhauster on the other hand and links to each other with biomass charcoal powder spout on the boiler; Biomass charcoal moulding and packing plant are connected to grinding device.
The dry method with the charing biomass material of boiler smoke of utilizing involved in the present invention is:
1) coal or biomass fuel burn in boiler and generate high-temperature flue gas, high-temperature flue gas progressively is reduced to middle low-temperature flue gas with heating surface (economizer, air preheater) heat exchange in boiler back end ductwork, after smoke eliminator (cleaning apparatus and desulfurizer) purifies, under the induced draft fan effect, discharged by chimney;
2) extract flue gas from the dust-removing device for boiler exit and (account for the 80%-100% of total exhaust gas volumn, temperature is 130-150 ℃) send in the biomass drying installation, meanwhile, water ratio is higher biomass material (water ratio is 20%-40%) is sent in the biomass drying installation.Bury the mode that the scraper plate machine combines by heat storage indirect heat transfer and multilayer, fume afterheat is passed to biomass material to get rid of the free moisture in the raw material; Dried biomass (temperature is 60-90 ℃, and water ratio is less than 10%) directly enter biomass charing device, and the flue gas after the heat exchange (temperature is about 80-90 ℃) and water vapor are recycled to the inlet flue duct of desulfation dust-extraction device;
3) warm flue gas during the economizer from boiler back end ductwork extracts (temperature is the 5%-20% that 300-450 ℃, exhaust gas volumn account for total exhaust gas volumn), after removing most flying dusts, the high temperature pre-duster sends in the biomass charing device, bury the mode that the scraper plate machine combines by heat storage indirect heat transfer and multilayer, with the heat transferred biomass material of middle temperature flue gas, make biomass pyrolysis and generate biomass charcoal, pyrolysis gas and three kinds of products of tar under anoxia condition; The pyrolysis gas (CO, the H that produce in the pyrolytic process
2, VOC etc., temperature is 250-350 ℃) directly send into the boiler furnace internal combustion through pipe special; Biomass charcoal both can directly be sent into boiler combustion behind cooling and grinding, also can be through various forms of biomass charcoal products of explained hereafter such as overcooling, grinding, moulding and packings; Flue gas after the heat exchange (temperature is 150-250 ℃) both can be used as the thermal source of biomass drying installation, also can be recycled to air preheater upstream or the fly-ash separator inlet flue duct of boiler tail again, discharged through heat exchange with after purifying.
The control of the flue-gas temperature of biomass drying installation ingress is at 130-150 ℃ in the said process, and the flue-gas temperature in biomass drying installation exit is controlled at 80-90 ℃.The control of the flue-gas temperature of biomass charing device ingress is at 300-450 ℃ in the said process, and the flue-gas temperature in exit, biomass carbonated chamber is controlled at 150-250 ℃.The residence time of biomass in drying installation and carbonizing apparatus controlled at 10-30min respectively, so that under suitable flue-gas temperature and exhaust gas volumn condition, obtain higher drying efficiency, higher biomass charcoal output and better biomass charcoal quality product.
The invention has the advantages that:
1) the middle low-temperature flue gas with boiler is thermal source, respectively biomass material is carried out drying and dehydrating and pyrolysis charring processing, when biomass material is carried out successive drying and charing, has realized the cascade utilization of energy.
2) dry and charing is separately carried out, high-quality biological matter charcoal and pyrolysis gas both can have been obtained and efficiently utilize, avoided the moisture defective such as excessive of reinforced difficulty that biomass material direct combustion process produces and exhaust gas volumn again, improved boiler thermal output, reduce the biomass boiler system dimension, reduced the boiler cost.
3) adopt heat storage indirect heat transfer and multilayer to bury the mode that the scraper plate machine combines, utilize directly that warm flue gas comes the charing biomass in the boiler tail, not only strengthened the heat transfer process of flue gas and biomass material, and effectively avoided the resume combustion phenomenon of biomass charcoal.
4) biomass material does not need to carry out pretreatment process such as complicated pulverizing and moulding, have that adaptability to raw material is wide, drying efficiency is high, but biomass charcoal productive rate height, biomass charcoal constant product quality, carbonization process control are convenient, be easy to maximize and characteristics that continuity is produced, can be widely used in biomass electric power plant and coal-burning power plant.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 utilizes the process flow sheet of boiler smoke drying and charing biomass material for the present invention.
Fig. 2 matter drying apparatus sectional view of making a living.
Fig. 3 flow of flue gas synoptic diagram in the matter drying apparatus of making a living.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, the dry system with the charing biomass material of boiler smoke that utilizes involved in the present invention mainly comprises: boiler 1, back-end ductwork 2, economizer 3, air preheater 4, cleaning apparatus 6, desulfation dust-extraction device 8, induced draft fan 9, biomass drying installation 11, biomass charing device 12, high temperature pre-duster 13, biomass charcoal refrigerating unit 14, grinding device 15, pyrolysis gas blower fan 16, mill exhauster 17, pyrolysis gas blowout mouth 18, biomass charcoal powder spout 19, biomass charcoal moulding and packing plant 20 etc.
Coal or biomass fuel burn in boiler 1 and generate high-temperature flue gas, high-temperature flue gas progressively is reduced to middle low-temperature flue gas with heating surface (economizer 3, air preheater 4) heat exchange in boiler back end ductwork 2, after smoke eliminator (cleaning apparatus 6 and desulfation dust-extraction device 8) purifies, under induced draft fan 9 effects, discharged by chimney 10.
Extract flue gas from dust-removing device for boiler exhaust pass 7 and (account for the 80%-100% of total exhaust gas volumn, temperature is 130-150 ℃), in the multilayer flue 1103 in smoke box 1102 enters drying installation 11, around the multilayer flue 1103 heat storage 1104 is set, heat storage top arranges embedded scraper transporter 1105.Meanwhile, biomass material (water ratio is 20%-40%) that water ratio is higher adds feed bin 1101 through biomass and sends in the biomass drying installation 11.Bury the heat exchange mode that scraper plate machine 1105 combines by heat storage 1104 and multilayer, fume afterheat is passed to biomass material to get rid of the free moisture in the raw material.(temperature is 60-90 ℃ to dried biomass, water ratio is less than 10%) directly enter biomass charing device 12, flue gas after the heat exchange (temperature is about 80-90 ℃) and biomass drying process are discharged steam and are back to the downstream flue that flue gas is regulated flashboard 701 through pipeline 23, discharging after desulfurizer 8 purifies.
Warm flue gas in from boiler economizer 3 place flues, extracting (temperature is the 5%-20% that 300-450 ℃, exhaust gas volumn account for total exhaust gas volumn), remove most flying dusts through high temperature pre-duster 13, send into biomass charing device 12 (biomass charing device is similar with the principle of work of biomass drying installation) by high-temperature blower 21 again, bury the heat exchange mode that the scraper plate machine combines by heat storage and multilayer, with the heat transferred biomass material of middle temperature flue gas, make biomass pyrolysis and generate biomass charcoal, pyrolysis gas and three kinds of products of tar under anoxia condition.The pyrolysis gas that produces in the pyrolytic process and tar material (CO, H
2, VOC etc., temperature is 250-350 ℃) and send into pyrolysis gas blowout mouth 18 and in the boiler furnace internal combustion through pyrolysis gas blower fan 16.Biomass charcoal both can directly be sent into the biomass charcoal powder spout and in the boiler furnace internal combustion, also can utilize refrigerating unit 14, grinding device 15 and biomass charcoal moulding and packing plant 20 to produce the biomass charcoal product through mill exhauster 17 behind refrigerating unit 14 and grinding device 15.Flue gas after the heat exchange (temperature is 150-250 ℃) both can be used as the thermal source of biomass drying installation 11, also can be recycled to upstream or the fly-ash separator inlet flue duct 5 of the air preheater 4 of boiler tail again, discharged through heat exchange with after purifying.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, drying installation by biomass add feed bin 1101, smoke box 1102, multilayer flue 1103, heat storage 1104, bury scraper plate machine 1105, biomass charcoal discharge opening 1106 and wetting vapour outlet 1108 form.Smoke box 1102 links to each other with multilayer flue 1103, be provided with heat storage 1104 around the multilayer flue 1103, heat storage top arranges multilayer embedded scraper transporter 1105, it is mobile that the dividing plate 1107 that arranges in smoke box makes that flue gas forms many backhauls in drying installation, and the many backhauls in drying installation flow to improve heat exchange efficiency by flue gas and biomass material.
The present invention can also have other embodiment, and the technical scheme that the equal replacement of all employings or equivalent transformation form all drops within the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (4)
1. utilize the system of boiler smoke drying and charing biomass material, comprise boiler, back-end ductwork, economizer, air preheater, cleaning apparatus, desulfation dust-extraction device, induced draft fan, drying installation, high temperature pre-duster, carbonizing apparatus, biomass charcoal refrigerating unit, grinding device, biomass charcoal moulding and packing plant, mill exhauster and pyrolysis gas blower fan, it is characterized in that, economizer and air preheater are arranged in the back-end ductwork, and back-end ductwork links to each other successively with cleaning apparatus, desulfation dust-extraction device, induced draft fan and chimney; Described back-end ductwork also links to each other successively with high temperature pre-duster, high-temperature blower and carbonizing apparatus, and drying installation is connected to carbonizing apparatus; Described carbonizing apparatus links to each other with pyrolysis gas blowout mouth on the boiler by pyrolysis gas blower fan on the one hand, passes through biomass charcoal refrigerating unit, grinding device, mill exhauster on the other hand and links to each other with biomass charcoal powder spout on the boiler; Biomass charcoal moulding and packing plant are connected to grinding device.
2. the dry system with the charing biomass material of boiler smoke that utilizes according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described drying installation comprises that biomass add feed bin, smoke box, multilayer flue, heat storage, embedded scraper transporter, biomass charcoal discharge opening and wetting vapour outlet, smoke box links to each other with the multilayer flue, be provided with heat storage around the multilayer flue, heat storage top arranges the multilayer embedded scraper transporter, is provided with a plurality of dividing plates and forms the flow passage that communicates in smoke box.
3. as utilizing the method for the dry system with the charing biomass material of boiler smoke as described in the claim 2, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
1) coal or biomass fuel burn in boiler and generate high-temperature flue gas, high-temperature flue gas progressively is reduced to middle low-temperature flue gas with economizer, air preheater heat exchange in boiler back end ductwork, after cleaning apparatus and desulfation dust-extraction device purification, under the induced draft fan effect, discharged by chimney;
2) extracting flue gas from the dust-removing device for boiler exit sends in the drying installation, meanwhile, the biomass material that water ratio is higher is sent in the drying installation, the mode that combines by heat storage indirect heat transfer and multilayer embedded scraper transporter, fume afterheat is passed to biomass material to get rid of the free moisture in the raw material, dried biomass directly enter biomass charing device, and the flue gas after the heat exchange and water vapor are recycled to the inlet flue duct of desulfation dust-extraction device;
3) warm flue gas during the economizer from boiler back end ductwork extracts, after removing most flying dusts, the high temperature pre-duster sends in the biomass charing device, the mode that combines by heat storage indirect heat transfer and multilayer embedded scraper transporter, with the heat transferred biomass material of middle temperature flue gas, make biomass pyrolysis and generate biomass charcoal, pyrolysis gas and three kinds of products of tar under anoxia condition.The pyrolysis gas of producing in the pyrolytic process is directly sent into the boiler furnace internal combustion through pipe special; Biomass charcoal is directly sent into boiler combustion behind cooling and grinding, perhaps through various forms of biomass charcoal products of explained hereafter such as overcooling, grinding, moulding and packings; Flue gas after the heat exchange perhaps is recycled to the air preheater upstream of boiler tail or the inlet flue duct of cleaning apparatus again as the thermal source of biomass drying installation, discharges through heat exchange with after purifying.
4. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the flue-gas temperature control of drying installation ingress is at 130-150 ℃, and the flue-gas temperature in drying installation exit is controlled at 80-90 ℃; The flue-gas temperature control of carbonizing apparatus ingress is at 300-450 ℃, and the flue-gas temperature in carbonizing apparatus exit is controlled at 150-250 ℃; The residence time of biomass in drying installation and carbonizing apparatus controlled at 10-30min respectively.
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| CN104613746A (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2015-05-13 | 梁庆昌 | Drying furnace for utilizing waste heat of chimney of industrial furnace as heat source |
| CN104654338A (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2015-05-27 | 梁庆昌 | Suction type combustion furnace chimney waste smoke treatment facility |
| CN104949089A (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2015-09-30 | 淄博英诺威圣节能科技有限公司 | Building ceramic wet material drying process |
| CN105841140A (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-08-10 | 华中科技大学 | Biomass gasification product and coal co-firing system and method |
| CN108410487A (en) * | 2017-02-10 | 2018-08-17 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | Clean coal polygenerations systeme and Poly-generation method |
| CN109054877A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-12-21 | 河南博顿生物科技有限公司 | A kind of biomass carbonated equipment and charing method |
| CN109095467A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2018-12-28 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | Active carbon and preparation method thereof |
| CN109210910A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2019-01-15 | 浙江浙能富兴燃料有限公司 | A method of utilizing coal-burning power plant's Secondary Air dried biomass |
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| CN104654338A (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2015-05-27 | 梁庆昌 | Suction type combustion furnace chimney waste smoke treatment facility |
| CN104654338B (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2016-12-14 | 梁庆昌 | A kind of sucking type combustion furnace chimney gives up fume treatment facility |
| CN104613746B (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2017-03-08 | 梁庆昌 | A kind of drying oven of utilization industrial furnace waste heat of chimney heat supply |
| CN104949089A (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2015-09-30 | 淄博英诺威圣节能科技有限公司 | Building ceramic wet material drying process |
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| CN105841140A (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-08-10 | 华中科技大学 | Biomass gasification product and coal co-firing system and method |
| CN108410487A (en) * | 2017-02-10 | 2018-08-17 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | Clean coal polygenerations systeme and Poly-generation method |
| CN109095467A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2018-12-28 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | Active carbon and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20130821 |