CN102134071A - Method for preparing activated carbon by pyrolysis of organic matters - Google Patents
Method for preparing activated carbon by pyrolysis of organic matters Download PDFInfo
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- CN102134071A CN102134071A CN201110083062XA CN201110083062A CN102134071A CN 102134071 A CN102134071 A CN 102134071A CN 201110083062X A CN201110083062X A CN 201110083062XA CN 201110083062 A CN201110083062 A CN 201110083062A CN 102134071 A CN102134071 A CN 102134071A
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 75
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001833 catalytic reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 CO 2 Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012075 bio-oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007420 reactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
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- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing activated carbon by pyrolysis of organic matters, comprising a pyrolyzing device, a reforming device, a drying device, a purifying device, a gas storage device and a high-temperature heat-storage combustion device, wherein pyrolysis reaction is carried out on organic matters by the pyrolyzing device so as to generate combustible gas, tar and coke, the combustible gas enters the drying device after passing through the reforming device so as to dry the organic matters, a part of the purified combustible gas combusts in the direction of a combustion passage of the high-temperature heat-storage burning device so as to generate combustion heat, and simultaneously, the other part of the combustible gas exchanges heat by the heat-storage combustion device in the direction of a heat-exchange passage, and then enters the pyrolyzing device for pyrolysis and activation reaction as pyrolyzing and activating medium. In the process of pyrolysis, the coke forms the activated carbon by activation of the combustible gas. The combustible gas generated by pyrolysis is dried by the drying device, and then sensible heat in the gas is fully released; a part of the combustible gas combusts to release heat as the energy source needed in the process of pyrolysis, and the combustible gas is a pyrolysis medium, and is also an activating agent in the process that the coke generates the activated carbon.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to organism pyrolysis and activated carbon technology field, relate to a kind of organic pyrolysis and produce process of active carbon.Specially refer to and utilize organism to comprise organic solid waste, biomass, coal, municipal sludge, oil field oil-containing mud, organism such as plastics class, rubber-like, organic waste and derivative thereof are produced pyrolysis and gac preparation method.
Background technology
Organism kinds is various, and output is huge.Pyrolysis is a kind of effective ways to the organism recycling treatment.Can obtain products such as inflammable gas, tar, coke by the pyrolysis organism.Inflammable gas, tar contain higher calorific value, can form gac after coke is activated.Gac is a kind of economic worth high product, is widely used in all types of industries process and the daily life.
The a large amount of energy of the organic process need consumption of pyrolysis.Pyrolytic process is that pyrolysis provides heat to consume the external energy mostly at present, and the process energy consumption is higher.The activation of STRENGTH ON COKE is also many with external gas such as water vapor, CO
2, air (mainly being oxygen) or their mixture be activated media, these activation methods are many will to consume the heat that the extra energy provides reactivation process.
The calorific value that contains in high-temperature combustible gas that produces in the organism pyrolytic process and the inflammable gas can provide required heat for the organism pyrolytic process.Make full use of sensible heat and fuel gases calorific value in the inflammable gas, can save the supply of external energy greatly.The tar that produces in the pyrolytic process is often swept along in combustible gas, becomes the root of problems such as line clogging, equipment corrosion.Pyrolytic tar has higher calorific value, to the reformation of pyrolysis inflammable gas, can promote the grade of combustible gas, reduces the discharging of tar.
Found by retrieval that number of patent application is 200810123383.6, name is called the technical scheme of " municipal sludge and agricultural wastes process for preparing active carbon by co-decomposition ".Municipal sludge and agricultural wastes process for preparing active carbon by co-decomposition have been mentioned in this scheme, this mode is with mixture secluding air heating at a certain temperature, and this method needs the external energy that pyrolytic process is heated, and energy consumption is higher, streams closed is in reactor, and the fluidisation of material is poor.Number of patent application is that 201010159906.X, name are called the technical scheme of " pyrolyzing municipal sludge prepares bio oil and process of active carbon simultaneously ", mention the heat-transmission of municipal sludge cryogenic flow and separated method, this method needs a large amount of external energy reactor heatings, sensible heat in the pyrolysis inflammable gas can not be fully used, and can not solve the problems that tar brings.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the problem that needs to consume higher energy in organism pyrolytic process and the process for preparing active carbon, provide a kind of and utilize inflammable gas that organism produces by pyrolytic reaction for pyrolytic process with the energy is provided.By the inflammable gas after reformation and the purification, behind the high-temperature heat accumulation reformer, the high temperature of generation to the inflammable gas heating, is the pyrolysis medium with the high-temperature combustible gas body behind regenerative heat exchange, carries out organic pyrolytic reaction.Reach zero supply of external energy in the organism pyrolytic process, realize the cheapness production of pyrolysis gac.
Active carbon method is produced in organism pyrolysis of the present invention, comprises the scavenging process and the heat-accumulation combustion heat transfer process of organism pyrolytic process, reforming process, organism drying process, inflammable gas.
In the pyrolytic process, organism carries out pyrolysis as pyrolysis feed in the organism pyrolysis installation, produces inflammable gas, tar and coke.Behind inflammable gas process gas-solid separating device, the high-temperature dust removing device, enter and carry out partial combustion accumulation of heat reformation in the reformer after the pyrolysis, the tar ingredients in the pyrolysis gas is decomposed.Reformer is a high temperature reforming reaction device, and the reformation medium is a catalyzer, and the tar ingredients in the inflammable gas is carried out catalytic reforming through reformer.Tar component after reforming in the inflammable gas significantly lowers, and the inflammable gas calorific value improves after reforming.
The inflammable gas that comes out from reformer enters drying installation, and by heat exchange heat drying device, inflammable gas is cooled.The wet stock that adds from the drying installation ingress is dried, and the organism that dry back produces enters as pyrolysis feed and participates in reaction in the pyrolysis installation.In the drying process, inflammable gas enters drying installation behind reformer, and drying process is used for reclaiming the sensible heat of inflammable gas; After super-dry, organic water ratio reduces greatly.
Cooled inflammable gas enters accumulator unit through behind the refining plant.The inflammable gas that stores in the accumulator unit burns at the high-temperature heat accumulation combustion unit, and the high-temperature flue gas that burning produces makes the heat-accumulation combustion device keep higher temperature levels always, and the tail gas of discharge is discharged through behind the interchanger.
The inflammable gas of drawing from accumulator unit is divided into two portions, and a part acts as a fuel and burns in the heat-accumulation combustion device, and another part is heated in the heat-accumulation combustion device.Produce a large amount of heats during burning inflammable gas is heated into the high-temperature combustible gas body.
In the heat-accumulation combustion device, the heat-accumulation combustion device has the passage of both direction, and a direction is a combustion channels, and the another one direction is a heat exchanger channels.Inflammable gas is drawn inflammable gas from accumulator unit and is carried out heat exchange by heat exchanger channels at the combustion channels incendiary simultaneously, and inflammable gas is formed the high-temperature combustible gas body by rapid heating in this process.The gas blower that links to each other with the heat-accumulation combustion device produces freezing air and reclaims the fume afterheat that the heat-accumulation combustion device is discharged by air preheater, thereby realizes preheating of air, and the warm air of formation is used for the burning of heat-accumulation combustion device and supplies with.
The high-temperature combustible gas body that comes out from the heat-accumulation combustion device enters pyrolysis installation as the pyrolysis medium provides heat for pyrolytic reaction, also as activator the coke in the pyrolytic process is activated simultaneously, thereby generates gac.
Described organism pyrolysis installation is fluidized-bed, ebullated bed, circulating fluidized bed or fixed bed.
The present invention, the inflammable gas component can be H in the pyrolytic process
2, CO, CO
2, CH
4, C
2H
4, C
2H
6, C
3H
6, C
3H
8, pyrolysis medium inlet temperature can be 600-800 ℃, the organism water ratio that enters in the pyrolysis installation can be 20-30%;
Described reformer can be high temperature reforming reaction device, and the working temperature of reformer can be 800-900 ℃; The working temperature of heat-accumulation combustion device can be 800-900 ℃; It is 150-200 ℃ to the preheating of air temperature in the pre-heat recycle process of heat-accumulation combustion flue tail gas.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) organic pyrolysis and activated carbon preparation process can make full use of the calorific value that contains in the organism, realize that zero of the external energy supplies with, even the energy can externally be provided.
(2) the pyrolysis medium is an inflammable gas, and the pyrolysis medium both had been a thermal barrier, again as activator activation coke, thereby makes the coke activation be gac.
(3) the heat-accumulation combustion process can realize the heat-accumulation combustion of inflammable gas, can carry out the heat exchange of clean and effective to inflammable gas.
(4) drying process can be utilized the sensible heat in the inflammable gas, realizes organic drying, and energy is fully used and is saved, and organism is converted into fuel from solid waste, has promoted the organism grade.
(5) save energy, total system do not need other external energy.
(6) efficiently solve the purifying problem of gasification burning.Reforming process is reformed to the tar ingredients in the pyrolysis gas, can reduce the tar ingredients in the pyrolysis inflammable gas, promotes the inflammable gas calorific value simultaneously.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation according to apparatus of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing technical scheme of the present invention is described further.
Shown in Figure 1 is to be used to implement the fundamental system layout that the treatment unit of active carbon method is produced in the organism pyrolysis according to the present invention.As shown in Figure 1, organism carries out pyrolysis as pyrolysis feed in the pyrolytic reaction device, produces inflammable gas and fixed carbon.Enter behind inflammable gas process gas-solid separating device and the high-temperature dust removing device and carry out reforming reaction in the reformer, the tar ingredients in the inflammable gas is decomposed, and the inflammable gas calorific value is improved.The hot inflammable gas that comes out from reformer is through an organism drying installation, and wet organism is finished drying process by the sensible heat that absorbs in the hot inflammable gas, and dried organism is imported pyrolysis installation as pyrolysis feed.The high-temperature heat accumulation combustion unit has two channel direction, and one is the combustion channels direction, and one is the heat exchanger channels direction.Behind refining plant, enter accumulator unit by the inflammable gas behind the drying installation; Draw two air delivering pipelines from accumulator unit, one is connected with the combustion channels direction of high-temperature heat accumulation combustion unit, and other one is connected with the heat exchanger channels direction of high-temperature heat accumulation combustion unit.Combustion channels direction at the high-temperature heat accumulation combustion unit, inflammable gas carries out high-temp combustion in the high-temperature heat accumulation combustion unit, regenerator temperature raises, the flue gas that produces carries out preheating by an air heat exchanger to freezing air, and the air admission burning thermophore after the preheating participates in combustion reactions as oxygenant; In this simultaneously, another channel direction at the high-temperature heat accumulation combustion unit, the inflammable gas of drawing from accumulator unit is through the heat exchange direction passage of high-temp combustion device, the low temperature inflammable gas is heated to be the high-temperature combustible gas body, these high-temperature combustible gas bodies enter pyrolysis installation as the pyrolysis medium and provide heat for pyrolytic reaction, also the coke in the pyrolytic process is activated simultaneously, thereby coke generates gac as activator.
Claims (7)
1. active carbon method is produced in an organism pyrolysis, comprises the scavenging process and the heat-accumulation combustion heat transfer process of organism pyrolytic process, reforming process, organism drying process, inflammable gas, it is characterized in that following steps,
In the pyrolytic process, organism carries out pyrolysis as pyrolysis feed in the organism pyrolysis installation, produces inflammable gas, tar and coke; Behind inflammable gas process gas-solid separating device, the high-temperature dust removing device, enter and carry out partial combustion accumulation of heat reformation in the reformer after the pyrolysis, the tar ingredients in the pyrolysis gas is decomposed; Reformer is a high temperature reforming reaction device, and the reformation medium is a catalyzer, and the tar ingredients in the inflammable gas is carried out catalytic reforming through reformer;
The inflammable gas that comes out from reformer enters drying installation, and by heat exchange heat drying device, inflammable gas is cooled; The wet stock that adds from the drying installation ingress is dried, and the organism that dry back produces enters as pyrolysis feed and participates in reaction in the pyrolysis installation; In the drying process, inflammable gas enters drying installation behind reformer, and drying process is used for reclaiming the sensible heat of inflammable gas;
Cooled inflammable gas enters accumulator unit through behind the refining plant; The inflammable gas that stores in the accumulator unit burns at the high-temperature heat accumulation combustion unit, and the high-temperature flue gas that burning produces makes the heat-accumulation combustion device keep higher temperature levels always, and the tail gas of discharge is discharged through behind the interchanger;
The inflammable gas of drawing from accumulator unit is divided into two portions, and a part acts as a fuel and burns in the heat-accumulation combustion device, and another part is heated in the heat-accumulation combustion device; Produce a large amount of heats during burning inflammable gas is heated into the high-temperature combustible gas body;
The high-temperature combustible gas body that comes out from the heat-accumulation combustion device enters pyrolysis installation as the pyrolysis medium provides heat for pyrolytic reaction, also as activator the coke in the pyrolytic process is activated simultaneously, thereby generates gac.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described organism pyrolysis installation is fluidized-bed, ebullated bed, circulating fluidized bed or fixed bed.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described reformer is a high temperature reforming reaction device.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the wet stock water ratio that enters drying installation is 60-80%.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the working temperature of reformer is 800-900 ℃.
6. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: be 150-200 ℃ to the preheating of air temperature in the pre-heat recycle process of heat-accumulation combustion flue tail gas.
7. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the working temperature of heat-accumulation combustion device is 800-900 ℃.
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CN102311742A (en) * | 2011-08-18 | 2012-01-11 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Processing method of cellulose industrial biomass waste and process device thereof |
CN103420368A (en) * | 2013-07-20 | 2013-12-04 | 大连理工大学 | Integrated device and method for continuous preparation of activated carbon |
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