CN103951153A - Method and system for preparing carbon adsorbent material by mixing waste plastics with sludge - Google Patents
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- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 title 1
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种废塑料与污泥混合制备炭吸附材料的方法与系统,将破碎后的废塑料与干燥后的污泥按一定比例均匀混合,混合后的物料进行炭化与活化,制备炭吸附材料;炭化与活化过程产生的热解气体燃烧作为炭化与活化的外部热源,燃烧产生的烟气用于污泥的干燥脱水,解决污泥热解制备炭吸附材料过程的能源自给问题。本发明的优点在于:将城市生活垃圾引入到污泥制备炭材料技术领域,利用废塑料来改善污泥热解炭性能指标的同时,发挥废塑料高热值的优点,实现废塑料高附加值利用,充分体现清洁生产与循环经济理念,节能与环保效益显著。
The invention discloses a method and system for preparing carbon adsorption materials by mixing waste plastics and sludge. The crushed waste plastics and dried sludge are evenly mixed in a certain proportion, and the mixed materials are carbonized and activated to prepare carbon. Adsorption material: The pyrolysis gas generated during the carbonization and activation process is burned as an external heat source for carbonization and activation, and the flue gas generated by the combustion is used for drying and dehydration of sludge, which solves the energy self-sufficiency problem in the process of preparing carbon adsorption materials by pyrolysis of sludge. The invention has the advantages of introducing municipal solid waste into the technical field of preparing carbon materials from sludge, using waste plastics to improve the performance index of sludge pyrolysis carbon, and at the same time taking advantage of the high calorific value of waste plastics to realize high value-added utilization of waste plastics , fully embodies the concept of clean production and circular economy, and has remarkable benefits in energy saving and environmental protection.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明公开一种废塑料与污泥混合制备炭吸附材料的方法及系统,按国际专利分类表(IPC)划分属于城市生活垃圾与污泥资源综合利用领域。 The invention discloses a method and a system for preparing carbon adsorption materials by mixing waste plastics and sludge, and belongs to the field of comprehensive utilization of municipal solid waste and sludge resources according to the International Patent Classification (IPC).
背景技术 Background technique
随着我国社会经济和城镇化进程的快速发展,城市污水处理厂的规模不断扩大,污泥产生量也大幅度增加。我国城市污泥的特点是含水率高、污泥组分热值较低、处理过程易产生大量臭气和其他有害污染物等。因此,如何低成本高效处置污水厂污泥是我国城市发展面临的一个重大难题。 With the rapid development of my country's social economy and urbanization process, the scale of urban sewage treatment plants has continued to expand, and the amount of sludge produced has also increased significantly. The characteristics of municipal sludge in my country are high moisture content, low calorific value of sludge components, and a large amount of odor and other harmful pollutants are easily produced during the treatment process. Therefore, how to dispose of sludge from sewage plants at low cost and efficiently is a major problem facing the development of cities in our country.
传统处理污泥的处置方法为海洋弃置法、填埋法、堆肥法和焚烧法。 The traditional methods of sludge disposal are ocean disposal, landfill, composting and incineration.
(1) 海洋弃置法:将污泥直接投入大海,危害海洋生态系统,造成海洋环境恶化。美国环保局于1991年全面禁止污泥的海洋处置;我国政府承诺于1994年2月20日起不在海上处置工业废物和城市污泥;欧盟从1998年12月31日后禁止向水体中倾倒污泥,国际公约组织同年通过了禁止向大海排放污泥的决议。 (1) Marine disposal method: Throwing sludge directly into the sea will endanger the marine ecosystem and cause deterioration of the marine environment. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency completely banned the marine disposal of sludge in 1991; the Chinese government promised not to dispose of industrial waste and municipal sludge at sea from February 20, 1994; the European Union banned dumping sludge into water bodies after December 31, 1998 In the same year, the International Convention Organization passed a resolution prohibiting the discharge of sludge into the sea.
(2) 填埋法:污泥填埋占用大量土地,导致城市郊区可使用土地减少,甚至导致永久废弃;污泥含水率高、粘度大,不仅填埋操作困难,还使得填埋体易发生变形和滑坡,成为“沼泽地”,造成安全隐患;污泥富含病原体、病毒等有害微生物,污染性较强,将影响生态“食物链”,危害居民安全。欧洲在2000年开始对填埋征税,从2005年起禁止一切有机废物的填埋。 (2) Landfill method: Sludge landfill occupies a large amount of land, which leads to the reduction of usable land in the suburbs of the city, and even leads to permanent abandonment; the high moisture content and high viscosity of sludge not only make the landfill operation difficult, but also make the landfill body prone to occurrence Deformation and landslides become "swamps", causing potential safety hazards; sludge is rich in harmful microorganisms such as pathogens and viruses, and is highly polluting, which will affect the ecological "food chain" and endanger the safety of residents. Europe began to levy landfill taxes in 2000 and banned all organic waste landfills from 2005.
(3) 堆肥法:在污泥中加入一定比例的秸杆、稻草、木屑或生活垃圾等膨松剂和调理剂,利用污泥的微生物进行发酵转化为类腐植类,作为作物肥料。堆肥处理后的产品病原体仍有可能存活,堆肥肥效与养分低,重金属和有毒有机物无法控制,应用效果不佳。 (3) Composting method: Add a certain proportion of leavening agents and conditioning agents such as straw, straw, wood chips or domestic garbage to the sludge, and use the microorganisms of the sludge to ferment and transform it into humus-like substances as crop fertilizers. The pathogens of the products after composting treatment may still survive, the composting efficiency and nutrients are low, heavy metals and toxic organic substances cannot be controlled, and the application effect is not good.
(4) 焚烧法:焚烧法将污泥在焚化炉里进行焚化燃烧,使有机物全部碳化的同时,杀灭各种病原体,最终产物为含固率99%以上的无机灰烬。污泥在燃烧过程中存在热值低、燃耗高、污染重、操作管理复杂、投资大和运行费用高等缺点,使焚烧法无法得到大规模应用。 (4) Incineration method: The incineration method incinerates the sludge in an incinerator to carbonize all organic matter and kill various pathogens at the same time. The final product is inorganic ash with a solid content of more than 99%. In the combustion process of sludge, there are disadvantages such as low calorific value, high fuel consumption, heavy pollution, complicated operation and management, large investment and high operating costs, which make the incineration method unable to be applied on a large scale.
综上所述,随着城市的现代化扩张发展,污水处理效率提高,污水污泥的产量也显著增加。传统污泥处置方式已经不能满足社会发展需要,开发新型污泥处置技术势在必行。 To sum up, with the modern expansion and development of cities, the efficiency of sewage treatment has improved, and the output of sewage sludge has also increased significantly. Traditional sludge disposal methods can no longer meet the needs of social development, and it is imperative to develop new sludge disposal technologies.
活性炭吸附材料具有非常独特的孔隙结构和表面官能团,有耐酸、耐碱、耐热等性能,化学稳定性好、吸附能力强、再生方便。活性炭吸附材料的需求量正随着社会的发展和人民生活水平的提高,呈显出逐年上升的趋势。但是制备活性炭吸附材料的原料成本高,能源消耗大,严重制约了它的进一步发展和应用。污泥中碳氢含量较高,有机质成分多,作为制备炭吸附材料的原料,可通过一定温度下的炭化活化处理,制备出性能良好的活性炭。该方法优点在于:(1)制备污泥活性炭代替商品活性炭,可以节省木材、煤炭等原料资源,降低了活性炭的生产成本;(2)将污泥制备为吸附性能良好的活性炭吸附材料,为城市污水厂污泥高效资源化利用提供了新的途径。 Activated carbon adsorption material has a very unique pore structure and surface functional groups, has acid resistance, alkali resistance, heat resistance and other properties, good chemical stability, strong adsorption capacity, and convenient regeneration. The demand for activated carbon adsorption materials is showing an increasing trend year by year with the development of society and the improvement of people's living standards. However, the cost of raw materials for preparing activated carbon adsorption materials is high, and the energy consumption is large, which seriously restricts its further development and application. Sludge has a high hydrocarbon content and a lot of organic matter components. As a raw material for preparing carbon adsorption materials, activated carbon with good performance can be prepared through carbonization and activation treatment at a certain temperature. The advantages of this method are: (1) preparing sludge activated carbon instead of commercial activated carbon can save raw material resources such as wood and coal, and reduce the production cost of activated carbon; The efficient resource utilization of sewage plant sludge provides a new way.
针对污泥处理及生产污泥炭吸附材料,部分研究者开展了相关探索。CN103396815A公开了一种污泥制备炭材料的方法,将污泥进行水热法脱水后,用于厌氧发酵产生沼气或用于生产生物炭;该方法需要消耗外部能源,增加了污泥处理成本。CN102337142A公开了一种利用导热油炉导热空心桨叶汽化反应器与空心桨叶炭化反应器制备污泥炭的方法,生产的污泥炭返回锅炉中燃烧供热给汽化反应器和炭化反应器;CN102358861A则提供了一种将污泥、生物质燃料采用石灰法除臭灭菌后与煤粉混合制备含碳燃料用于燃烧的方法;这两种方法局限于污泥的减量化处理,利用价值低。CN102071033A公开了一种污泥热化学法制炭处置方法,将污泥加热至170℃~250℃,并在全封闭保温条件下连续注入一氧化碳、二氧化碳等气体,使污泥中有机物、蛋白质、纤维、菌胶团等在机械力和温度的共同作用下,浓缩成含水率≤9%的热成型棒(或球),用于燃料燃烧;该方法处理污泥工艺复杂,成本较高,对机械设备要求高。 For sludge treatment and production of sludge carbon adsorption materials, some researchers have carried out related explorations. CN103396815A discloses a method for preparing carbon materials from sludge. After the sludge is dehydrated by hydrothermal method, it is used for anaerobic fermentation to generate biogas or to produce biochar; this method needs to consume external energy, which increases the cost of sludge treatment . CN102337142A discloses a method for preparing sludge charcoal using a heat-conducting oil furnace heat-conducting hollow paddle vaporization reactor and a hollow paddle carbonization reactor. The produced sludge charcoal is returned to the boiler for combustion and heat supply to the vaporization reactor and carbonization reactor; CN102358861A provides a method of deodorizing and sterilizing sludge and biomass fuel with coal powder to prepare carbon-containing fuel for combustion; these two methods are limited to sludge reduction treatment, using low value. CN102071033A discloses a sludge thermochemical charcoal disposal method. The sludge is heated to 170°C-250°C, and gases such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are continuously injected under fully enclosed heat preservation conditions to make the organic matter, protein, fiber, Under the joint action of mechanical force and temperature, the bacterial micelles are concentrated into thermoformed rods (or balls) with a moisture content of ≤9%, which are used for fuel combustion; High standard.
CN101974359A 提出将回收水、硫酸和双氧水与污泥搅拌混匀并加热至60℃~95℃,经10~80min的活化预处理后水洗并利用白灰调节碱度,最后经热解得到热解炭;CN101423212A公开了一种利用污泥制备污泥活性炭的方法,将脱水污泥进行烘干,然后在半干馏气化炉中进行半干馏处理,得到的污泥半焦与粘结剂进行混合、造粒,最后在活化炉中进行活化,得到活性炭材料;CN1644495A公开了一种城市污水处理厂污泥制备活性炭的方法,将污泥干燥至10%含水率,用ZnCl2溶液对污泥进行活化浸泡,然后烘干并加入增碳剂,最后在500~800℃条件下炭化活化,得到活性炭。日本专利JP7242408 (A)提出一种利用处理污水厂污泥制备活性炭的方法,将干化后的污泥在700~1200℃条件炭化,并按一定速率吹入活性气氛制得活性炭。日本专利JP9241015(A)提出一种利用污水污泥制备活性炭的方法和设备系统,通过制粒机制成的3~15mm干化污泥颗粒,在500~800℃温度条件下进行炭化,炭化颗粒再进入800~850℃的活化区进行活化得到污泥活性炭,炭化产生的气体被当作活性气体用于活化。上述专利主要是通过调整炭化活化温度、气氛和活化剂等来获得性能良好的污泥炭吸附材料,但均未能解决生产过程能耗高与原料成本高等问题,也未涉及利用废塑料等垃圾与污泥混合热解制备炭吸附材料。 CN101974359A proposes to stir and mix recycled water, sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide with sludge and heat it to 60°C-95°C, after 10-80min of activation pretreatment, wash with water and use lime to adjust the alkalinity, and finally obtain pyrolytic charcoal through pyrolysis; CN101423212A discloses a method for preparing sludge activated carbon by using sludge. The dewatered sludge is dried, and then semi-carbonized distillation is performed in a semi-carbonized gasification furnace, and the obtained sludge semi-coke is mixed with a binder to produce Finally, activate in an activation furnace to obtain activated carbon materials; CN1644495A discloses a method for preparing activated carbon from sludge in urban sewage treatment plants, drying the sludge to a moisture content of 10%, and activating and soaking the sludge with ZnCl2 solution. Then dry and add carburant, and finally carbonize and activate at 500-800°C to obtain activated carbon. Japanese patent JP7242408 (A) proposes a method for preparing activated carbon from sewage treatment plant sludge. The dried sludge is carbonized at 700-1200°C and blown into an activated atmosphere at a certain rate to obtain activated carbon. Japanese patent JP9241015 (A) proposes a method and equipment system for preparing activated carbon from sewage sludge. The dried sludge particles of 3-15mm made by a granulator are carbonized at a temperature of 500-800°C, and the carbonized particles are then regenerated. Enter the activation zone at 800~850°C for activation to obtain sludge activated carbon, and the gas generated by carbonization is used as active gas for activation. The above-mentioned patents mainly obtain sludge carbon adsorption materials with good performance by adjusting the carbonization activation temperature, atmosphere and activator, etc., but none of them can solve the problems of high energy consumption and high cost of raw materials in the production process, nor do they involve the use of waste plastics and other garbage Mixed with sludge and pyrolyzed to prepare carbon adsorption material. the
综合分析国内外研究现状,引入城市生活垃圾中的废塑料与污泥混合热解制备炭吸附材料的内容未有相关报道。 Based on a comprehensive analysis of the research status at home and abroad, there is no relevant report on the introduction of mixed pyrolysis of waste plastics and sludge in municipal solid waste to prepare carbon adsorption materials.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
针对现有污泥热解制备炭吸附材料技术涉及的能源消耗高且无法自供给、原料成本高、产品吸附性能指标差等局限,本发明提供一种废塑料与污泥混合制备炭吸附材料的方法,其制备的热解炭吸附性能指标高。 Aiming at the limitations of the existing sludge pyrolysis technology for preparing carbon adsorption materials, such as high energy consumption, inability to self-supply, high cost of raw materials, and poor product adsorption performance indicators, the present invention provides a method for preparing carbon adsorption materials by mixing waste plastics and sludge. method, and the pyrolytic carbon prepared by it has high adsorption performance index.
本发明另一目的是添加废塑料后大幅度提高了热解气体的热值,使整个工艺系统所需热量实现自供,节能环保。 Another purpose of the present invention is to greatly increase the calorific value of the pyrolysis gas after adding waste plastics, so that the heat required by the entire process system can be self-supplied, energy-saving and environmentally friendly.
本发明还提供一种废塑料与污泥混合制备炭吸附材料的系统。及系统。其基本原理是:废塑料作为高挥发份含量的碳氢化合物,与污泥在重叠的热解温度区间内发生强烈热解自由基相互作用,改善污泥热解炭表面官能团与孔隙结构分布,从而提高热解炭吸附性能指标。此外,由于 The invention also provides a system for preparing carbon adsorption materials by mixing waste plastics and sludge. and system. The basic principle is: waste plastics, as hydrocarbons with high volatile content, interact strongly with sludge in the overlapping pyrolysis temperature range to improve the distribution of functional groups and pore structure on the surface of sludge pyrolysis carbon. Thereby improving the pyrolytic carbon adsorption performance index. In addition, due to
为达到上述目的,本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的: To achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种废塑料与污泥混合制备炭吸附材料的方法,其实现步骤包括: A method for preparing carbon adsorption materials by mixing waste plastics and sludge, the realization steps comprising:
(1)城市生活垃圾中的废塑料首先进行撕碎、破碎处理; (1) Waste plastics in municipal solid waste are shredded and shredded first;
(2)将机械脱水后的污泥进行干燥,然后与废塑料按一定比例均匀混合,其中,废塑料占总物料重量比控制为5-50%; (2) Dry the sludge after mechanical dehydration, and then evenly mix it with waste plastics in a certain proportion, wherein the weight ratio of waste plastics to the total material is controlled at 5-50%;
(3)混合后的物料送入炭化装置进行炭化,得到的热解炭再送入活化装置进行活化,最终得到污泥炭吸附材料; (3) The mixed material is sent to the carbonization device for carbonization, and the obtained pyrolytic carbon is sent to the activation device for activation, and finally the sludge carbon adsorption material is obtained;
步骤(3)中炭化与活化过程产生的热解气体燃烧作为炭化与活化的外部热源,燃烧后产生的烟气用于污泥的干燥脱水; The pyrolysis gas generated during the carbonization and activation process in step (3) is burned as an external heat source for carbonization and activation, and the flue gas generated after combustion is used for drying and dehydration of sludge;
步骤(1)中废塑料为城市生活垃圾中的废塑料,尤其能够适用于城市生活垃圾中难以处理的混合废塑料,破碎后废塑料的粒度范围控制为<30mm; The waste plastics in step (1) are waste plastics in municipal solid waste, especially suitable for mixed waste plastics that are difficult to handle in municipal solid waste, and the particle size range of waste plastics after crushing is controlled to <30mm;
步骤(2)中的污泥为污水厂经机械脱水产生的污泥,所述污泥含水率<95%,其中污泥干燥方法可以为直接干燥或间接干燥,干燥后污泥含水率控制为<30%; The sludge in step (2) is the sludge produced by mechanical dehydration in the sewage plant, and the moisture content of the sludge <95%, wherein the sludge drying method can be direct drying or indirect drying, and the moisture content of the sludge after drying is controlled as <30%;
步骤(3)中废塑料与污泥混合物热解炭化温度控制为500℃-700℃,活化温度控制为700℃-1000℃。 In step (3), the pyrolysis and carbonization temperature of the mixture of waste plastics and sludge is controlled at 500°C-700°C, and the activation temperature is controlled at 700°C-1000°C.
一种废塑料与污泥混合制备炭吸附材料方法的系统,主要由输送装置、干燥装置、撕碎装置、破碎装置、定量给料装置、混合装置、炭化装置、活化装置以及气体处理装置组成,1#输送装置出口与撕碎装置入口连接,撕碎装置出口与破碎装置入口连接,破碎装置出口与3#输送装置入口连接,3#输送装置出口与1#缓冲料仓入口连接,1#缓冲料仓出口与1#定量给料装置入口连接,1#定量给料装置出口与混合装置入口连接;2#输送装置出口与干燥装置入口连接,污泥干燥装置出口与4#输送装置入口连接,4#输送装置出口与2#缓冲料仓入口连接,2#缓冲料仓出口与2#定量给料装置入口连接,2#定量给料装置出口与混合装置入口连接;混合装置出口与5#输送装置入口连接,5#输送装置出口与炭化装置入口连接,炭化装置出口与活化装置入口连接。 A system for preparing carbon adsorption materials by mixing waste plastics and sludge, mainly composed of a conveying device, a drying device, a shredding device, a crushing device, a quantitative feeding device, a mixing device, a carbonization device, an activation device and a gas treatment device, The outlet of 1# conveying device is connected with the inlet of shredding device, the outlet of shredding device is connected with the inlet of crushing device, the outlet of crushing device is connected with the inlet of 3# conveying device, the outlet of 3# conveying device is connected with the inlet of 1# buffer bin, and the outlet of 1# buffer The outlet of the silo is connected to the inlet of the 1# quantitative feeding device, the outlet of the 1# quantitative feeding device is connected to the inlet of the mixing device; the outlet of the 2# conveying device is connected to the inlet of the drying device, and the outlet of the sludge drying device is connected to the inlet of the 4# conveying device. The outlet of the 4# conveying device is connected to the inlet of the 2# buffer silo, the outlet of the 2# buffer silo is connected to the inlet of the 2# quantitative feeding device, the outlet of the 2# quantitative feeding device is connected to the inlet of the mixing device; the outlet of the mixing device is connected to the 5# conveying The inlet of the device is connected, the outlet of the 5# conveying device is connected with the inlet of the carbonization device, and the outlet of the carbonization device is connected with the inlet of the activation device.
进一步,所述的炭化装置与活化装置产生的热解气体经气体处理装置处理后用于燃烧加热炭化装置与活化装置,其中的炭化装置为固定床式、移动床式或回转窑式炭化炉, 活化装置为常规活化炉,气体处理装置为具有脱酸功能的干法或湿法气体净化设备;燃烧产生的烟气进入干燥装置。 Further, the pyrolysis gas produced by the carbonization device and the activation device is used for burning and heating the carbonization device and the activation device after being processed by the gas treatment device, wherein the carbonization device is a fixed bed type, a moving bed type or a rotary kiln type carbonization furnace, The activation device is a conventional activation furnace, and the gas treatment device is a dry or wet gas purification equipment with deacidification function; the flue gas generated by combustion enters the drying device.
进一步,所述的干燥装置可以是回转干燥设备、水热法脱水设备、流态化干燥设备、真空干燥设备或圆盘式干燥设备等;干燥方式可以为直接干燥和间接干燥; Further, the drying device may be rotary drying equipment, hydrothermal dehydration equipment, fluidized drying equipment, vacuum drying equipment or disc drying equipment, etc.; the drying method may be direct drying or indirect drying;
进一步,所述的1#定量给料装置与2#定量给料装置为螺旋给料机、星形给料机或振动给料机;所述的混合装置为犁刀式混料机、耙式混料机、转筒式混料机或搅拌式混料机。 Further, the 1# quantitative feeding device and the 2# quantitative feeding device are screw feeders, star feeders or vibrating feeders; the mixing devices are coulter type mixers, rake type mixer, tumble mixer or agitator mixer.
进一步,所述的1#输送装置为皮带输送机或板式输送机;2#输送装置为皮带输送机、刮板输送机、斗提机、拉链机或螺旋输送机;3#输送装置为皮带输送机、螺旋输送机或刮板输送机;4#输送装置和5#输送装置可以为皮带输送机、刮板输送机、斗提机、拉链机或螺旋输送机;撕碎装置为塑料撕碎机;破碎装置为塑料剪切式破碎机。 Further, the 1# conveying device is a belt conveyor or a plate conveyor; the 2# conveying device is a belt conveyor, a scraper conveyor, a bucket elevator, a zipper machine or a screw conveyor; the 3# conveying device is a belt conveyor Conveyor, screw conveyor or scraper conveyor; 4# conveying device and 5# conveying device can be belt conveyor, scraper conveyor, bucket elevator, zipper conveyor or screw conveyor; shredding device is plastic shredder ; The crushing device is a plastic shearing crusher.
本发明的优点在于: The advantages of the present invention are:
(1)充分实现城市生活垃圾中废塑料资源化与能源化高效利用,避免了废塑料填埋造成的资源浪费和简单焚烧所造成环境污染; (1) Fully realize the efficient utilization of waste plastic resources and energy in urban domestic waste, avoiding waste of resources caused by waste plastic landfills and environmental pollution caused by simple incineration;
(2)充分发挥城市生活垃圾中废塑料高热值的优点,将炭化与活化过程产生的热解气体燃烧作为炭化与活化的外部热源,燃烧后产生的烟气用于污泥干燥脱水,彻底实现工艺全过程的能源自给问题,充分体现清洁生产与循环经济理念,节能与降成本效益显著; (2) Give full play to the advantages of the high calorific value of waste plastics in municipal solid waste, burn the pyrolysis gas generated during the carbonization and activation process as an external heat source for carbonization and activation, and use the flue gas generated after combustion for sludge drying and dehydration, completely realizing The energy self-sufficiency in the whole process of the process fully embodies the concept of clean production and circular economy, and the energy saving and cost reduction are remarkable;
(3)利用废塑料碳氢含量高,挥发份含量大且与污泥热解温度区间重叠等特点,作为污泥热解炭的增孔剂与增碳剂,有效改善污泥热解炭孔结构分布与吸附性能指标,从而提高其利用价值; (3) Utilizing the characteristics of high carbon and hydrogen content of waste plastics, large volatile content, and overlapping with the sludge pyrolysis temperature range, it can be used as a pore-enhancing agent and recarburizer for sludge pyrolysis carbon to effectively improve the pores of sludge pyrolysis carbon Structural distribution and adsorption performance index, so as to improve its utilization value;
(4)利用废塑料与污泥混合热解制备炭吸附材料,将城市生活垃圾引入炭材料制备领域,变废为宝,工艺简单实用,大幅度降低了污泥制备炭吸附材料的成本,提高了市场竞争力,应用前景广阔。 (4) Use waste plastics and sludge to prepare carbon adsorption materials by pyrolysis, introduce municipal solid waste into the field of carbon material preparation, turn waste into treasure, and the process is simple and practical, which greatly reduces the cost of preparing carbon adsorption materials from sludge and improves market competitiveness and broad application prospects.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明工艺装置流程图。 Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
图中:1. 1#输送装置,2. 撕碎装置,3. 破碎装置,4. 3#输送装置,5. 1#缓冲料仓,6. 1#定量给料装,7. 2#输送装置,8. 干燥装置,9. 4#输送装置,10. 2#缓冲料仓,11. 2#定量给料装,12. 混合装置,13. 5#输送装置,14. 炭化装置,15. 活化装置,16. 气体处理装置。 In the figure: 1. 1# conveying device, 2. shredding device, 3. crushing device, 4. 3# conveying device, 5. 1# buffer bin, 6. 1# quantitative feeding device, 7. 2# conveying Device, 8. drying device, 9. 4# conveying device, 10. 2# buffer bin, 11. 2# quantitative feeding device, 12. mixing device, 13. 5# conveying device, 14. carbonization device, 15. Activation unit, 16. Gas treatment unit.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明: The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
实施例:请参阅图1,一种废塑料与污泥混合制备炭吸附材料的方法,其实现步骤包括: Embodiment: please refer to Fig. 1, a kind of method for preparing carbon adsorption material by mixing waste plastics and sludge, its realization step comprises:
(1)城市生活垃圾中的废塑料首先进行撕碎、破碎处理; (1) Waste plastics in municipal solid waste are shredded and shredded first;
(2)将机械脱水后的污泥进行干燥,然后与废塑料按一定比例均匀混合,其中,废塑料占总物料重量比控制为5-50%; (2) Dry the sludge after mechanical dehydration, and then evenly mix it with waste plastics in a certain proportion, wherein the weight ratio of waste plastics to the total material is controlled at 5-50%;
(3)混合后的物料送入炭化装置进行炭化,得到的热解炭再送入活化装置进行活化,最终得到污泥炭吸附材料; (3) The mixed material is sent to the carbonization device for carbonization, and the obtained pyrolytic carbon is sent to the activation device for activation, and finally the sludge carbon adsorption material is obtained;
(4)炭化与活化过程产生的热解气体燃烧作为炭化与活化的外部热源,燃烧后产生的烟气用于污泥的干燥脱水。 (4) The pyrolysis gas generated during the carbonization and activation process is burned as an external heat source for carbonization and activation, and the flue gas generated after combustion is used for drying and dehydration of sludge.
本发明步骤(1)中废塑料为城市生活垃圾中的废塑料,尤其能够适用于城市生活垃圾中难以处理的混合废塑料,破碎后废塑料的粒度范围控制为<30mm。步骤(2)中的污泥为污水厂经机械脱水产生的污泥,所述污泥含水率<95%,其中污泥干燥方法可以为直接干燥或间接干燥,干燥后污泥含水率控制为<30%。步骤(3)中废塑料与污泥混合物热解炭化温度控制为500℃-700℃,活化温度控制为700℃-1000℃。 The waste plastics in step (1) of the present invention are waste plastics in municipal solid waste, especially suitable for mixed waste plastics difficult to handle in municipal solid waste, and the particle size range of waste plastics after crushing is controlled to <30mm. The sludge in step (2) is the sludge produced by mechanical dehydration in the sewage plant, and the moisture content of the sludge <95%, wherein the sludge drying method can be direct drying or indirect drying, and the moisture content of the sludge after drying is controlled as <30%. In step (3), the pyrolysis and carbonization temperature of the mixture of waste plastics and sludge is controlled at 500°C-700°C, and the activation temperature is controlled at 700°C-1000°C.
一种废塑料与污泥混合制备炭吸附材料方法的设备系统,设备的连接方式如下:1#输送装置1出口与撕碎装置2入口连接,撕碎装置2出口与破碎装置3入口连接,破碎装置3出口与3#输送装置4入口连接,3#输送装置4出口与1#缓冲料仓5入口连接,1#缓冲料仓5出口与1#定量给料装置6入口连接,1#定量给料装置6出口与混合装置12入口连接;2#输送装置7出口与干燥装置8入口连接,污泥干燥装置8出口与4#输送装置9入口连接,4#输送装置9出口与2#缓冲料仓10入口连接,2#缓冲料仓10出口与2#定量给料装置11入口连接,2#定量给料装置11出口与混合装置12入口连接;混合装置12出口与5#输送装置13入口连接,5#输送装置13出口与炭化装置14入口连接,炭化装置14出口与活化装置15入口连接。炭化装置14与活化装置15产生的热解气体经气体处理装置16处理后用于燃烧加热炭化装置14与活化装置15;燃烧产生的烟气进入干燥装置8。干燥装置8可以是回转干燥设备、水热法脱水设备、流态化干燥设备、真空干燥设备或圆盘式干燥设备等;干燥方式可以为直接干燥和间接干燥。1#定量给料装置6与2#定量给料装置11为螺旋给料机、星形给料机或振动给料机。混合装置12包括犁刀式混料机、耙式混料机、转筒式混料机或搅拌式混料机。 An equipment system for preparing carbon adsorption materials by mixing waste plastics and sludge. The connection mode of the equipment is as follows: 1# conveying device 1 outlet is connected to shredding device 2 inlet, shredding device 2 outlet is connected to crushing device 3 inlet, crushing The outlet of device 3 is connected to the inlet of 3# conveying device 4, the outlet of 3# conveying device 4 is connected to the inlet of 1# buffer bin 5, the outlet of 1# buffer bin 5 is connected to the inlet of 1# quantitative feeding device 6, and the outlet of 1# quantitative feeding The outlet of feeding device 6 is connected to the inlet of mixing device 12; the outlet of 2# conveying device 7 is connected to the inlet of drying device 8; the outlet of sludge drying device 8 is connected to the inlet of 4# conveying device 9; the outlet of 4# conveying device 9 is connected to 2# buffer material The inlet of bin 10 is connected, the outlet of 2# buffer bin 10 is connected with the inlet of 2# quantitative feeding device 11, the outlet of 2# quantitative feeding device 11 is connected with the inlet of mixing device 12; the outlet of mixing device 12 is connected with the inlet of 5# conveying device 13 , The outlet of the 5# conveying device 13 is connected with the inlet of the carbonization device 14, and the outlet of the carbonization device 14 is connected with the inlet of the activation device 15. The pyrolysis gas generated by the carbonization device 14 and the activation device 15 is processed by the gas treatment device 16 and used to burn and heat the carbonization device 14 and the activation device 15 ; the flue gas generated by the combustion enters the drying device 8 . The drying device 8 can be rotary drying equipment, hydrothermal dehydration equipment, fluidized drying equipment, vacuum drying equipment or disc drying equipment, etc.; the drying method can be direct drying or indirect drying. 1# quantitative feeding device 6 and 2# quantitative feeding device 11 are screw feeders, star feeders or vibrating feeders. The mixing device 12 includes a plow mixer, a rake mixer, a drum mixer or an agitator mixer.
本发明的系统设备装置说明如下,以下各装置均可以在市场直接购买: The system equipment device of the present invention is described as follows, and each following device all can be purchased directly in the market:
1. 1#输送装置,为皮带输送机或板式输送机 1. 1# conveying device is belt conveyor or plate conveyor
2. 撕碎装置,为普通塑料撕碎机 2. The shredding device is an ordinary plastic shredder
3. 破碎装置,为塑料剪切式破碎机 3. The crushing device is a plastic shearing crusher
4. 3#输送装置,为皮带输送机、螺旋输送机、刮板输送机等。 4. 3# conveying device is belt conveyor, screw conveyor, scraper conveyor, etc.
5. 1#缓冲料仓,普通料仓,上部为圆柱,下部为锥形或上部为方形,下部为棱锥形。 5. 1# buffer silo, ordinary silo, the upper part is cylindrical, the lower part is cone-shaped or the upper part is square, and the lower part is pyramid-shaped.
6. 1#定量给料装置,为螺旋给料机、星形给料机或振动给料机 6. 1# Quantitative feeding device is screw feeder, star feeder or vibrating feeder
7. 2#输送装置,指皮带输送机、刮板输送机、斗提机、拉链机或螺旋输送机; 7. 2# conveying device refers to belt conveyor, scraper conveyor, bucket elevator, zipper conveyor or screw conveyor;
8. 干燥装置,为回转干燥设备、水热法脱水设备、流态化干燥设备、真空干燥设备或圆盘式干燥设备等, 8. The drying device is rotary drying equipment, hydrothermal dehydration equipment, fluidized drying equipment, vacuum drying equipment or disc drying equipment, etc.
9. 4#输送装置,为皮带输送机、刮板输送机、斗提机、拉链机或螺旋输送机; 9. 4# conveying device is belt conveyor, scraper conveyor, bucket elevator, zipper conveyor or screw conveyor;
10. 2#缓冲料仓,普通料仓,上部为圆柱,下部为锥形或上部为方形,下部为棱锥形; 10. 2# buffer silo, ordinary silo, the upper part is cylindrical, the lower part is cone-shaped or the upper part is square, and the lower part is pyramid-shaped;
11. 2#定量给料装,为螺旋给料机、星形给料机或振动给料机; 11. 2# Quantitative feeding device is screw feeder, star feeder or vibrating feeder;
12. 混合装置,为犁刀式混料机、耙式混料机、转筒式混料机或搅拌式混料机; 12. The mixing device is a plow mixer, rake mixer, drum mixer or stirring mixer;
13. 5#输送装置,皮带输送机、刮板输送机、斗提机、拉链机或螺旋输送机; 13. 5# conveying device, belt conveyor, scraper conveyor, bucket elevator, zipper machine or screw conveyor;
14. 炭化装置,为普通的生物质炭化炉,可以为固定床式、移动床式或回转窑式炭化炉; 14. The carbonization device is an ordinary biomass carbonization furnace, which can be a fixed bed type, a moving bed type or a rotary kiln type carbonization furnace;
15. 活化装置,为常规活化炉,如目前普遍应用的斯列普活化炉等; 15. The activation device is a conventional activation furnace, such as the Sleep activation furnace commonly used at present;
16. 气体处理装置,为具有脱酸功能的干法或湿法气体净化设备。 16. Gas treatment device is dry or wet gas purification equipment with deacidification function.
本发明公开了一种废塑料与污泥混合制备炭吸附材料的方法与系统,属于城市生活垃圾与污泥资源综合利用领域。该方法的特点在于:将破碎后的废塑料与干燥后的污泥按一定比例均匀混合,混合后的物料进行炭化与活化,制备炭吸附材料;炭化与活化过程产生的热解气体燃烧作为炭化与活化的外部热源,燃烧产生的烟气用于污泥的干燥脱水,解决污泥热解制备炭吸附材料过程的能源自给问题。该方法涉及的设备系统主要由输送装置、干燥装置、撕碎装置、破碎装置、定量给料装置、混合装置、炭化装置、活化装置以及气体处理装置等组成。本发明的优点在于:将城市生活垃圾引入到污泥制备炭材料技术领域,利用废塑料来改善污泥热解炭性能指标的同时,发挥废塑料高热值的优点,一方面彻底解决污泥干燥、炭化与活化过程涉及的能源消耗大、成本高等问题,另一方面避免了废塑料填埋造成的资源浪费和简单焚烧所造成环境污染,实现废塑料高附加值利用,充分体现清洁生产与循环经济理念,节能与环保效益显著。该方法工艺简单实用,大幅度降低了污泥制备炭吸附材料的成本,提高了市场竞争力,应用前景广阔。 The invention discloses a method and system for preparing carbon adsorption materials by mixing waste plastics and sludge, and belongs to the field of comprehensive utilization of urban domestic garbage and sludge resources. The method is characterized in that: the crushed waste plastics and dried sludge are evenly mixed in a certain proportion, and the mixed materials are carbonized and activated to prepare carbon adsorption materials; the pyrolysis gas generated during the carbonization and activation process is burned as carbonization With an activated external heat source, the flue gas generated by combustion is used for drying and dehydrating sludge, which solves the energy self-sufficiency problem in the process of preparing carbon adsorption materials by pyrolysis of sludge. The equipment system involved in the method is mainly composed of a conveying device, a drying device, a shredding device, a crushing device, a quantitative feeding device, a mixing device, a carbonization device, an activation device, and a gas treatment device. The invention has the advantages of: introducing municipal solid waste into the technical field of preparing carbon materials from sludge, using waste plastics to improve the performance index of sludge pyrolysis carbon, and at the same time taking advantage of the high calorific value of waste plastics, on the one hand, completely solves the problem of sludge drying , The carbonization and activation process involves large energy consumption and high cost. On the other hand, it avoids the waste of resources caused by waste plastic landfill and the environmental pollution caused by simple incineration, realizes the high value-added utilization of waste plastics, and fully embodies clean production and recycling. Economic concept, energy-saving and environmental protection benefits are remarkable. The process of the method is simple and practical, greatly reduces the cost of preparing carbon adsorption materials from sludge, improves market competitiveness, and has broad application prospects.
以上所记载,仅为利用本创作技术内容的实施例,任何熟悉本项技艺者运用本创作所做的修饰、变化,皆属本创作主张的专利范围,而不限于实施例所揭示者。 The above records are only examples of using the technical content of this creation. Any modifications and changes made by those who are familiar with this technology using this creation belong to the scope of patents claimed by this creation, and are not limited to those disclosed in the examples.
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