CN103666505A - Equipment for reducing and transforming household garbage or organic waste into energy resources - Google Patents
Equipment for reducing and transforming household garbage or organic waste into energy resources Download PDFInfo
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- CN103666505A CN103666505A CN201210352194.2A CN201210352194A CN103666505A CN 103666505 A CN103666505 A CN 103666505A CN 201210352194 A CN201210352194 A CN 201210352194A CN 103666505 A CN103666505 A CN 103666505A
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- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
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- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
Abstract
The invention relates to equipment for reducing and transforming household garbage or organic waste into energy resources. The equipment mainly comprises a feeding conveyor or an intermittent charging bunker, vertical airtight heat treatment equipment, an ash residue discharging machine, a screw detarrer, a gaseous product collection and utilization device and a hydrocarbon oil collection device, which are sequentially connected. The equipment has the advantages of high heat efficiency, no tar and dioxin in a gaseous product and a liquid-phase product, low content of impurities such as nitrogen, acidic gas, tar and ash in fuel gas, high heat value of the fuel gas, transformation of organic macromolecular hydrocarbons in raw materials into high-value liquid hydrocarbon oil (a component of gasoline and diesel), convenience in operation, short process flow, simple equipment structure, low equipment construction cost, high resourceful utilization rate of the raw materials, capability of realizing the large-scale, continuous, resourceful and reduction treatment of the household garbage or the organic waste, energy conservation, environment friendliness, good benefits the like, and is high in creativity, novelty and industrial practicability.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to the equipment of one way of life rubbish or organic waste minimizing and energy, particularly, belong to two kinds of heat transfers that domestic refuse or organic waste and high-temperature flue gas direct contact heat transfer and indirect contact are conducted heat, under oxygen free condition, carry out multistage heating destructive distillation domestic refuse or organic waste and make the equipment of its minimizing and energy, belong to environmental protection and petrochemical equipment field;
Two, background technology
Along with social development and people's living standard improve, generation increases year by year; The perishable rotten environment that can affect people's existence of organism in domestic refuse; Landfill method exists and occupies cultivated land in a large number, the weakness in polluted underground water source; The nutrient of During High-Temperature Composting method is fewer, just can reach the national standard of commercial fertilizer after also will additionally adding nitrogen or phosphorus or potash fertilizer, and plant is difficult for absorbing, and fertilizer efficiency is low, and market sale is good; Burning method is divided into gasification burning method and direct burning method, the defect that all exists tail gas to contain dioxin; Gasification burning method is the organic waste in domestic refuse have been become to the low heat value (5000KJ/Nm that contains nitrogen that commercial value is low with cracking zone pyrolytic decomposition 500-900 ℃ of reduction zone
3left and right) combustion gas (CO, CH
4, C
2-C
5, N
2, H
2, CO
2); At present, the heat utilization efficiency of state-of-the-art fuel gas generation is at most 33% in the world, lost, and directly burning method is that the organic waste in domestic refuse is all burned to cinder, generates CO the high-temperature flue gas that remaining heat is discharged from gas electricity generator
2and H
2o; The high-temperature flue gas producing produces water vapor as the thermal source of steam boiler, and the thermal utilization transformation efficiency of the turbo-generator that water vapour drives only has 22% left and right, and a large amount of energy are depleted, and can not recycle, and cause the recycling rate of rubbish low; Therefore, scientificlly and effectively domestic refuse is carried out to innoxious minimizing, particularly in domestic refuse thermal treatment (destructive distillation or burning) minimizing process, macromolecule organic in domestic refuse is changed into commercial energy resource or fuel (combustion gas or fuel oil), to improve economic benefit or the profit of processing domestic refuse, be to accelerate Domestic Waste Minimization processing to move towards market-oriented key issue; Loss of capital in Domestic Waste Minimization processing or negative profit are the major causes that containment various countries process domestic refuse energetically;
Practical experience is verified, and (that is, the rubbish that LHV) is greater than 3344KJ/Kg (or 800 kilocalories/Kg) can obtain abundant spontaneous combustion to low heat value in incinerator, combustion-supporting without oil spout; When high the or calorific value of the carbohydrate in rubbish and amount of moisture does not reach 800 kilocalories/kg calorific value, just must with additional heat, make rubbish burn cinder to fuel injected in incinerator, strengthen the processing cost of rubbish; Data report, some big city in the developed country such as Japanese, American-European and China, more than the calorific value of municipal wastes can reach 9000KJ/KG; Especially, in domestic refuse, contain plastic waste and the waste rubber that can change in a large number high value fuel oil; During traditional burning method burning disposal domestic refuse, produce a large amount of high-temperature flue gas, flue gas heat is difficult to savings and comprehensive utilization, and steam waste heat generating exists the weakness such as heat utilization efficiency is low, the high grid-connected difficulty of cost; The inventor is at USP 6,133,491, USP6,270, in 630B1 and ZL98117823.5, disclose the method and apparatus of producing hydro carbons with domestic refuse and/or organic waste, disclose and utilized steel conversion unit that same raw material is adopted to the first step of low, high two kinds of differing tempss and the treatment process of second stage thermo-cracking and catalytic pyrolysis; Yet, various organic substances in domestic refuse are thoroughly decomposed, must reach the hot environment of 800-1100 ℃, but single steel revolving reaction still is yielding under hot environment for a long time, can not rotate, scission reaction cannot be carried through to the end, and causing also surplusly in the residue of scission reaction has a certain amount of polymer fully thoroughly not decompose, and can not implement the minimizing thoroughly of domestic refuse and innoxious; The inventor, in ZL200710130127.5, discloses a kind of method of sequentially processing consumer waste, and water-free solid refuse is transported in airtight pyrolysis plant, under oxygen free condition, indirectly to steel systeming equipment, heats the thermo-cracking that raw material occurs; Yet the thermo-efficiency of indirect heating is low, it is high to consume energy, pyrolysis time is long, and the cost of refuse treatment is high;
Known ground, single domestic waste incineration is normally horizontal or vertical, as Martin's incinerator, boiling incinerator, reciprocating fire grate incinerator, all kinds of vertical or horizontal incinerators, fluidized bed incinerator .... etc., body of heater is huge, area of dissipation is large, combustion time is long, and hot makes a low multiple use, and investment is large, profit reciprocation rate is low, be not suitable for economics of underdevelopment country and Small Urban adopts, and application value is low; Especially, transmission along with transmit bed, domestic refuse from drying zone (warm area low) shift in the process of combustion zone (high-temperature zone), must pass through 500-700 ℃ of temperature province, in this temperature province, chlorine-bearing compound and C and H element and the airborne oxygen O such as contained salt or plastic containing chlorine (PVC) in domestic refuse
2be very easy to be combined into two harmful evils because of (PCDFs), caused the severe contamination of environment and harm, this is unavoidable objective practical work.
< < rubbish carbonization gasification installation > > who effectively contains dioxin is disclosed in ZL201120082883.7, this device belongs to conventional " gasification---burning " destructive gasifying stove of domestic refuse destructive distillation, the advantage that the destructive gasifying stove of this routine is processed domestic refuse is that raw material directly contacts and conducts heat with heating source (high temperature anaerobic flue gas), thermo-efficiency is high, energy-conservation, broken traditional autoclave or tubular type distillation apparatus is at high temperature yielding, heat passes slow-footed defect, but there is following main weakness:
One, in " gasification---burning " destructive gasifying stove (comprising drying zone and dry distillation area) of this routine, it is all layer upon layer of raw material (as domestic refuse), cause the circulation of air that enters incinerator or gasification zone (reduction zone and oxidizing fire district) to be obstructed, air in incinerator is inadequate, causes and burns or oxidizing fire sluggish; When the gas-phase product burn producing upwards flows through cracking zone and drying zone, resistance is large, cause thermo-cracking or dry distillation rate slow, domestic refuse thermal treatment benefit is low, Domestic Waste Minimization or the destructive distillation output of unit thermal treatment area that is vapourizing furnace is little, contain the mass-producing of domestic rubbish disposal, strengthened the cost of investment of unit domestic rubbish disposal and the cost of processing;
Its two, " gasification---burn " drying zone of destructive gasifying stove and the heat in destructive distillation thermo-cracking district are mainly from high temperature that in gasification zone (reduction zone and oxidizing fire district), consumer waste incineration produces; The Two Areas such as the bottom of domestic refuse in dry distillation area and gasification zone carry out the burning of domestic refuse or subtract appearance, and produce the high temperature of 850-1300 ℃; Because the lower region of air (or oxygen) in gasification zone and dry distillation area forms the burning of kicking stream or eddy current, the organism (as stalk, rice husk, plastic waste (PVC), waste rubber ... .. etc.) containing in domestic refuse is incinerated, resolve into small molecules combustion gas that incoagulable commercial value is low (as CH
4, H
2, CO, N
2, CO
2, C
2～C
5... .. etc.) and water; Especially, because of air (or oxygen) kick stream or eddy current enter with gasification zone near the part of destructive distillation pyrolysis zone, the generation high-temp combustion oxidizing reaction that makes the chlorine-bearing compounds such as the salt that contains in domestic refuse or plastic containing chlorine, will inevitably produce a great deal of dioxin (PCDFs);
They are three years old, if utilize this " gasification---burning " destructive gasifying stove as the carbonization equipment of domestic refuse or organic waste, the a large amount of organic hydrocarbon materials that can produce high-value goods (as plastics or rubber) that can resource utilization that contain in domestic refuse or organic waste are burnt reduction zone and the combustion zone of high temperature 850-1100 ℃, the low-calorie inflammable gas that only has small portion to change into contain a large amount of 40-50% (V%) nitrogen, can not better implement the recycling of domestic refuse;
Three, summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly the defect that will make up prior art, the equipment of one way of life rubbish or organic waste minimizing and energy is provided, mainly comprise domestic refuse or organic waste and high-temperature flue gas thermal source carries out the dry of Direct Contact Heating and indirect contact heating or/and destructive distillation, burning, and the equipment of the Collection and use of gas-phase product; Particularly, comprise the feeding conveyor or the intermittent feeding storehouse that connect successively, vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing, ash discharge slag machine, spiral detarrer, the collection use device of gas-phase product, and hydrocarbon ils collection device;
Brief description of drawings, Fig. 1 is equipment flowsheet of the present invention;
In accompanying drawing 1, the equipment for Heating Processing that 1-is vertical enclosed, the housing of 2-vertical thermal-processing device, 3-feeding conveyor, 4-hopper, 5-joint flange, the discharge gate of 6-feeding chamber, the gas-phase product import of 7-air heat exchanger, 8-spiral detarrer, the interchanger of 9-air heating, 10-thermometer, what 11-was conventional commercially available can control the movable grate that material moves down, what 12-was conventional commercially available can control the movable grate that material moves down, 13-thermometer, 14-thermometer, the fire grate of 15-incinerator, 16-gas jet, 17-flue gas flow variable valve, the residue extraction machine of 18-incinerator bottom, 19-burns the outlet of ashes, the outlet of 20-ashes, the air intlet of 21-incinerator, the nozzle burner of 22-incinerator, the combustion chamber of 23-incinerator, 24-high-temperature flue gas heat transfer tube, 25-dry distillation area, 26-drying zone, 27-diesel oil tank, 28-exhanst gas outlet, 29-gasoline tank, 30-water-sealed tank, 31-gas-phase product outlet valve, the gas gas-phase objects import of the outlet of 32-destructive distillation gas-phase product or spiral detarrer, the netted rotating cone of 33-, 34-water vapour or inert gas import, 35-tensimeter, 36-intermittent feeding storehouse, the 37-valve that feeds in raw material, 38-drain tap, gas-phase product outlet after 39-decoking, 40-decoking gas discharge valve, 41-gas blower, 42-valve, 43-valve, 44-water-sealed tank, 45-gas storage holder, 46-induced draft fan, the condensed wet tank of 47-gas-phase product or " liquid---gas " separator, 48-oil pump, 49-valve, 50-condenser, 51-valve, 52-heating heat exchanger, 53-separation column, 54-gasoline condenser, 55-diesel oil stripping tower, 56-" oil---gas " separator, 57-catalytic fixed bed, 58-diesel oil condenser, 59-high-temperature flue gas heat transfer tube, 60-flue gas flow variable valve, 61-flue gas flow variable valve, 62-high-temperature flue gas heat transfer tube,
Described feeding conveyor (3), belongs to conventional screw feeder, hydraulic reciprocating type charger, and other conventional feeding-in solid body machine; By flange (5), by the opening for feed UNICOM of the upper side of the discharge port of feeding conveyor (3) and vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing (1) housing (2);
Described intermittent feeding storehouse (36), comprise: form imported valve (34) and the venting port valve (38) of the top of the cylindrical shell of feeding chamber or the housing of rectangle, housing or bottom configuration discharge opening valve (6), housing configuration water vapor or rare gas element that top configures charging opening valve (37), housing, housing configuration tensimeter (35); Intermittent feeding storehouse (36) is configured in the top of vertical thermal-processing device (1), and the discharge port of the discharge opening valve (6) of intermittent feeding storehouse (36) communicates with the top feeding mouth of vertical thermal-processing device (1);
Described vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing (1), comprise: the housing of oval tubular or rectangular parallelepiped (2), thermometer (10,13,14), the movable grate (11,12) that can regulate material to move down, high-temperature flue gas heat exchange vapor pipe (24,59,62), the relief outlet of gas-phase product (6), drying zone (26), dry distillation area or thermo-cracking district (25), the combustion chamber of incineration area (23), transmit bed (15), the air intlet (21) of gas jet (16), nozzle burner (22), burning etc.; Particularly, the housing of oval tubular or rectangular parallelepiped (2), the top of housing (2) is end socket or flat-top shape, inlet mouth (32) UNICOM of the outlet of housing (2) top gas-phase product and spiral detarrer (8); The gas-phase product outlet of the upper side of housing (2) communicates with the inlet mouth (7) of air heat exchanger (9) through valve (31); The material inlet of the upper side of housing (2) is connected and communicates with the flange for discharge port (5) of feeding conveyor (3); The material inlet at housing (2) top joins and communicates with the discharge valve (6) of intermittent feeding storehouse (36); The bottom of the material inlet of housing (2) is the drying zone (26) of raw material, the side configuration thermometer (10) of the drying zone (26) of housing (2), the conventional commercially available movable grate (11) of bottom surface configuration of housing (2) drying zone (26); One or more and the vertical high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tube (24) that the combustion chamber (23) of bottom incineration area communicates of configuration in housing drying zone (26), the top exhanst gas outlet (28) of described high-temperature flue gas pipe (24) stretches to the outside of housing (2); The bottom of described drying zone (26) is destructive distillation or thermo-cracking district (25) in housing (2), the side configuration thermometer (13) of housing destructive distillation or thermo-cracking district (25), the conventional commercially available movable grate (12) of bottom surface configuration of housing destructive distillation or thermo-cracking district (25), one or more vertical high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tube (24,59,62) communicating with the combustion chamber (23) of bottom incineration area of configuration in the dry distillation area of housing (25); The top exhanst gas outlet of described vertical high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tube (59,60) communicates with the middle and upper part of high-temperature flue gas heat transfer tube (24); Movable grate (15) bottom of housing destructive distillation or thermo-cracking district (25) is the combustion chamber (23) in the incineration oxidation district of vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing housing (2), the bottom of combustion chamber (23) is the fire grate (15) that burns destructive distillation residue, and the side of fire grate (15) or bottom are to burn required air intlet (21), gas jet (16) and nozzle burner (22); The ashes outlets (19) of fire grate (15) bottom and the opening for feed UNICOM of ash discharge slag machine (18);
Described vertical high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tube (24,59,62) is comprised of two parts such as gas fume valve in steel pipe and steel pipe, described valve belongs to conventional circular plate type flue gas windsheild, if the circular slab face of windsheild is when level, flue gas does not circulate in pipe; If the circular slab face of windsheild is when vertical, flue gas all passes through in pipe, unobstructed; If during at 45 ° the spending of circular slab face of windsheild, flue gas part in pipe is passed through, the circular slab face of windsheild can be from 0 ° to 90 ° within the scope of free adjustment, the circulation of control high-temperature flue gas in high-temperature flue gas heat transfer tube (24,59,62);
Described spiral detarrer (8), comprising: buncher, and netted rotating cone (33), gas-phase product import (32), the purified gas outlet after decoking (39), belongs to known " Gu gas---" two phase separator commodity; Spiral detarrer (8) is configured in top or the top of described vertical thermal-processing device (1), and the inlet mouth (32) of spiral detarrer (8) communicates with the outlet of the gas-phase product of vertical thermal-processing device (1); The venting port (39) of spiral detarrer (8) and the inlet mouth UNICOM of valve (40), gas-phase product import (7) UNICOM of the air heat exchanger (9) of the venting port of valve (40) and the collection use device of gas-phase product;
Described residue extraction machine (18), belongs to worm conveyor, scraper conveyor, intermittent type feed bin ash discharge slag device that routine techniques is manufactured, also can adopt other conventional ash conveyor; Ashes are discharged from ash discharging hole (20);
The collection use device of described gas-phase product, comprising: the interchanger (9) of gas blower (41), air heating, condenser (50), gas---liquid two phase separator (47), water-sealed tank (44), gas storage holder (45), induced draft fan (46) etc.; Particularly, the pneumatic outlet (39) of spiral detarrer (8) is gas-phase product import (7) UNICOM with air heat exchanger (9) through valve (40), and the outlet of vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing (1) upper gaseous phase is gas-phase product import (7) UNICOM with air heat exchanger (9) through valve (31); The gaseous product outlet of air heat exchanger (9) and the gas material import UNICOM of condenser (50), gas material outlet and gas---one end, top UNICOM of liquid/gas separator (47) of condenser (50), under the liquid of the top the other end of gas---liquid/gas separator (47) and water-sealed tank (44), tubular stinger is connected, and the top gas outlet of water-sealed tank (44) joins UNICOM with the inlet pipe of gas storage holder (45); The inlet mouth UNICOM of the top vapor pipe of gas storage holder (45) and valve (42), the inlet mouth UNICOM of the air outlet of valve (42) and induced draft fan (46); The top vapor pipe of gas storage holder (45) is through the gas jet (16) of vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing (1) the bottom incineration area of valve (43) UNICOM; Wherein, the opening for feed of the bottom fuel outlet UNICOM oil pump (48) of gas-liquid separator (47), the discharge port of oil pump (48) is connected with the nozzle burner (22) of vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing (1) bottom incineration area through valve (49); The import of the air at room temperature of the venting port UNICOM air heat exchanger (9) of gas blower (41), the air intlet (21) of equipment for Heating Processing (1) the bottom incineration area that the hot air vout UNICOM of air heat exchanger (9) is vertical enclosed;
Described hydrocarbon ils (or gasoline, diesel) collection device, further comprise the heating, solid of hydrocarbon ils---the devices such as gas two phase catalytic reactions, all belong to the conventional catalytic pyrolysis using in this area and produce gasoline, diesel device, comprising: the catalytic fixed bed (57) of heating heat exchanger (52), solid-gas two-phase, diesel oil stripping tower (55), gasoline tank (29), diesel oil tank (27), separation column (53), gasoline condenser (54), diesel oil condenser (58), oil pump (48), water-and-oil separator (56), water-sealed tank (30) etc.; particularly, the opening for feed of gas-liquid separator (47) bottom UNICOM oil pump (48), the discharge port of oil pump (48) is the opening for feed UNICOM with tubular oven (52) through valve (51), the opening for feed UNICOM of the discharge port of tubular oven (52) and catalytic fixed bed (57), the discharge port of catalytic fixed bed (57) and separation column (53) middle part UNICOM, separation column (53) top and condenser (54) opening for feed UNICOM, condenser (54) discharge port and oil---gas separating device (56) UNICOM, diesel oil stripping tower (55) respectively with separation column (53) and diesel oil condenser (58) UNICOM, diesel oil condenser (58) discharge port and diesel oil tank (27) UNICOM, oil---the fuel dispensing outlet pipe UNICOM gasoline tank (29) of gas separating device (56) bottom, oil---the incondensable gas outlet pipe on gas separating device (56) top communicates with intubate under the liquid of water-sealed tank (30), the gas feed UNICOM of the outlet of the top incondensable gas of water-sealed tank (30) and gas storage holder (45),
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, equipment of the present invention is described further
According to the present invention, by through conventional pre-treatment (comprise magnetic separation remove metal), broken, dehydration or/and to be dried to moisture be below 50% (wt%), size is not more than in the hopper (4) that the domestic refuse of 30 centimetres or organic waste raw material join feeding conveyor (3), is transported to serialization in the drying zone (26) in airtight vertical thermal-processing device (1), or utilize the reinforced mode at intermittence of storage bin (36), described domestic refuse or organic waste are joined in the drying zone (26) in airtight vertical thermal-processing device (1) termly, with gas blower (41), air at room temperature is input in air heat exchanger (9) and heats and become warm air, by warm air, the air intlet (21) by the interior bottom of vertical thermal-processing device (1) incineration area is input in incineration area again, side by side, constantly the grate of dry distillation area (25) (12) destructive distillation residue is above incorporated into downwards on the fire grate (15) of incineration area and burns, or the noncondensing inflammable gas that destructive distillation or scission reaction are produced turns back in the gas jet (16) of incineration area and burns, or the liquid fuel product of collecting after destructive distillation or scission reaction is turned back in the nozzle burner (22) of incineration area and burn, burning produces 850-1200 ℃ of high-temperature flue gas of anaerobic, high-temperature flue gas is introduced in dry distillation area (25) by grate (12) below of dry distillation area (25), high-temperature flue gas is directly contacted with material, to destructive distillation or scission reaction provides heat or to heating material, carry out destructive distillation or pyrolytic reaction, side by side, high-temperature flue gas is incorporated in one or more vertical high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tube (24,59,62) being configured in dry distillation area (25), carry out indirect heating to the material of high-temperature flue gas heat transfer tube (24,59,62) outer wall, carry out destructive distillation or pyrolytic reaction, constantly the low-temperature flue gas after high-temperature flue gas heat transfer tube (24,59,62) heat exchange is guided to vertical thermal-processing device (1) outside from the venting port (28) of heat transfer tube (24), especially, by regulating the valve (60,17,61) in high-temperature flue gas heat transfer tube (24,59,62), control circulation or the required temperature of destructive distillation of the interior high-temperature flue gas of heat transfer tube (24,59,62), in vertical thermal-processing device (1), if during with waste fuel oil, temperature of charge is controlled at 250-450 ℃, if with waste combustion gas (CH
4, C
2-C
5, H
2, CO, N
2) time, temperature of charge is controlled at 250-800 ℃,
Raw material is from charging until the ashes destructive distillation burning residual dregs are discharged the whole process time of vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing (1) is 0.2-4 hour, and working pressure is negative pressure, normal pressure or a little higher than normal pressure; Constantly upwards evaporation and dry of moisture after raw material in vertical thermal-processing device (1) drying zone, top (26) is heated, and there is slight scission reaction; After material in bottom destructive distillation or thermo-cracking district (25) is heated, destructive distillation or thermolysis occur, destructive distillation or thermolysis produce a large amount of gas-phase products and solid residue; The gas-phase product of the gas-phase product of destructive distillation or thermo-cracking, drying zone (26), and mix formation mixed gas from the flue gas of incineration area combustion chamber (23) etc., this mixed gas constantly enters into spiral detarrer (8) inlet mouth (32) from the upper air vent of vertical thermal-processing device (1), with spiral detarrer (8), remove the tar in gas-phase product, the purification gas-phase product removing after tar is input to the collection use device of described gas-phase product from the venting port (39) of spiral detarrer (8); Burn the inorganic slag producing and discharge through ash discharging hole (20) through residue extraction machine (18), slag can be used as building materials raw material, as brickmaking;
Destructive distillation or thermo-cracking excessively in, the volume of solid materials constantly dwindles, until destructive distillation or pyrolysis become carbon residue, it is large that the space in destructive distillation or thermo-cracking district constantly becomes, cause the material gravitate of vertical thermal-processing device (1) drying zone, top (26) to move down, the raw material that the movable grate (11) of the discharging quantity controlled of bottom surface, drying zone (26) is supporting drying zone (26) down drops into destructive distillation or thermo-cracking district (25) nonvoluntaryly, grate (11) can be controlled speed or the flow that the material in drying zone (26) falls effectively, so that regulate the water ratio of drying zone (26) raw material, the material that the movable grate (12) of the discharging quantity controlled of bottom surface, dry distillation area (25) is supporting dry distillation area (25) down drops in the combustion chamber (23) of incineration area nonvoluntaryly, grate (12) can be controlled speed or the flow that the material in dry distillation area (25) falls effectively, so that regulate the destructive distillation degree of dry distillation area (25) material or the thoroughness of pyrolysis,
The hot gas-phase product of constantly vertical thermal-processing device (1) being discharged is incorporated in air heating interchanger (9) after detarrer (8) is processed, constantly use gas blower (41) that air at room temperature is blown in air heating interchanger (9), make air at room temperature absorb the heat of hot gas-phase product, make air at room temperature be transformed into warm air, and constantly warm air is input to the air intlet (22) of incineration area for the burning of destructive distillation residue; The room temperature of being down to that gas-phase product after air heat-exchange cooling is passed through to condenser (50) further, the material after cooling enters in gas-liquid separator (47) and carries out gas---the separation of liquid two-phase; Incoagulable inflammable gas in separator (47) through be equipped with basic solution (as caustic soda, milk of lime ... .) water-sealed tank (44) remove CO in gas-phase product
2, H
2s, SO
2, HCL ... the acidic substance such as .., or the liquid envelope Purge gas after pressing to be transported in gas storage holder (45) buffer memory standby; The combustion gas of gas storage holder (45) is transported in the gas jet (16) of incineration area through valve (43), combustion gas is burnt in incineration area, produce high-temperature flue gas; With induced draft fan (46), constantly the combustion gas in gas storage holder (45) is extracted out through valve (42), as gas electricity generator generating, heat supply, the boiler required thermal source such as steam, fully utilize, the material balance of the gas flow that the air flow quantity that especially, gas blower (41) blasts and gas storage holder (45) are outwards extracted out through induced draft fan (46) is basically identical;
By methods such as known hydrocarbon ils heating, catalysis, fractionation, condensation, oily water separation, purification and allotments, by the liquid phase in gas-liquid separator (47) fuel oil for pump (48) through valve (51), be input to and in tubular oven (52), heat or be warming up to 325-450 ℃, and carry out catalytic cracking or catalytic reforming reaction through catalytic fixed bed (57), make hydro carbons gaseous substance be transformed into gasoline, diesel component; According to gasoline, diesel boiling range, do not coexist in separation column (53) and carry out separation, be about to gaseous substance process separation column (53) fractionation after catalyzed reaction, gasoline enters condenser (54) from tower (53) jacking, through oil---and gas separating device (56) enters gasoline tank (29); Diesel oil enters stripping tower (55) from separation column (53) middle part, and after superheated vapour effect, diesel oil enters condenser (58), finally enters diesel oil tank (27); Adopt known technology to purify and allocation processing the gasoline, diesel of above-mentioned collection, finally obtain qualified gasoline, diesel product; The combustion gas of not condensing be incorporated into buffer memory gas storage holder (45) from water-sealed tank (30) top or the combustion gas in gas storage holder (45) is incorporated in incineration area and is burnt through valve (43), with burning, producing high temperature (850-1200 ℃) stack gas of producing to the dry and destructive distillation heat supply in vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing (1);
Said process, belongs to domestic refuse or organic waste and constantly from vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing top (or top), joins in vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing, and successively through super-dry or/and destructive distillation, the process of burning etc.; Side by side, gas-phase product is constantly discharged from the gas gas-phase objects outlet at vertical thermal-processing device top (or top), the incineration area that the residue of destructive distillation constantly drops into vertical thermal-processing device bottom burns to cinder, the high-temperature flue gas burn producing is constantly incorporated in vertical thermal-processing device, and with raw material directly and indirect contact occur to conduct heat and be dried and the one way of life rubbish of destructive distillation or the equipment of organic waste minimizing and energy;
Described domestic refuse or organic waste raw material, further comprise one or more following materials: medical waste, changing food waste, mud; Plastic waste, waste rubber, damaged tire, stalk, rice husk, waste paper, cotton, cloth, yarn, wood, leaf, stem, shell, branch, grass, wood chip, oilseeds, oil fruit, ight soil etc.;
The cracking gas-phase product that the present invention preferably discharges vertical thermal-processing device first carries out collection or the utilization of gas after removing tar again, , the gas-phase product that cracking produces first carries out the separated of the rotation of netted rotating cone of spiral decoking device and centrifugal force, remove a large amount of high boiling tar and colloid in gaseous substance, do not allow the high boiling heavy organism such as tar leave Vertical Heat cracking apparatus, impel the heavy organism such as tar in vertical thermal-processing device, to carry out the enforceable cracking zone that flows downstream into and carry out thermo-cracking or decomposition, improve the commodity productive rate of fuel oil or combustion gas, especially, prevent the heavy Organic Material Blocking pipelines such as tar in gas-phase product, condenser and miscellaneous equipment, be conducive to the normal operation of producing,
Before reinforced, described domestic refuse or organic waste raw material, through pulverizing or not pulverizing, require the size of raw material to be not more than 30 centimetres; The gas-phase product producing should as far as possible avoid equipment for Heating Processing in reinforced process in does not leak; Described reinforced referring to: can adopt following any mode to feed in raw material:
(1) serialization is reinforced: adopt conventional feeding screw or reciprocating thruster, carry out the reinforced of serialization;
(2) intermittent feeding: adopt feeding chamber, the switching that utilizes the upper lower valve of discharging of the reinforced and bottom valve of feeding chamber top valve alternately to open or close, carries out intermittent feeding; Especially, before opening reinforced valve, first with the gas that water vapour or rare gas element are driven in feeding chamber, be back in equipment for Heating Processing; Or the gas in feeding chamber is driven to burning in incineration oxidation district or carrying out condensation, gas-liquid separation, and it is standby that incondensable gas is input in gas storage holder to buffer memory;
Drying zone of the present invention and dry distillation area are not significantly distinguished; In general, the top of vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing is drying zone, and the bottom of drying zone is dry distillation area; If raw material (as waste rubber) is not moisture, raw materials, behind drying zone, does not need to be dried, and the raw material of drying zone (as waste rubber) is directly warmed up to the required temperature of destructive distillation and carries out destructive distillation or thermolysis; If raw material (as domestic refuse) is moisture, need to be first dried, treat that moisture in raw material is heated after volatilization, the temperature of material just can be raised to the high temperature of destructive distillation, and destructive distillation or thermolysis could occur; By controlling, be configured in dry distillation area or/and the circulation that the valve of drying zone internal high temperature flue gas heat exchange steel duct or regulation and control enter the high-temperature flue gas in flue gas heat exchange tube, can effectively regulate the dry of material or/and temperature during destructive distillation;
Especially, in dry distillation area or/and the not identical high-temperature flue gas heat exchange steel tube of one or more size length that drying zone internal configuration is connected with incinerator combustion chamber, accelerated entering or high-temperature flue gas expellant gas circulation degree of incinerator required air, the heat delivery of the high-temperature flue gas that can rapidly incinerator be produced is in the material of dry distillation area and drying zone different heights aspect, there is indirect heat transfer, carry out the dry or destructive distillation of multifaceted multistage, greatly increased the heating-surface area of material, the present invention has overcome layer upon layer of material in traditional domestic refuse " gasification---burning " destructive gasifying stove (or water-gas generators) and has been pressed in above grate, air enter gasification zone (reduction zone and incineration oxidation district) and high-temperature flue gas discharge gasification zone (reduction zone and incineration oxidation district) while entering dry distillation area gas communication be obstructed, high-temperature flue gas can not enter into middle part and the top of dry distillation area, the destructive distillation thermolysis of material mainly occurs in incinerator combustion chamber and the two adjacent narrow high-temperature area of dry distillation area, cause the heat interchanging area of material destructive distillation little, the destructive distillation treatment capacity of unit weight material reduces, the defect that domestic refuse or organic waste raw material can not mass-producing be processed, this is one of principal character of the inventive method,
The described gas-phase product producing by known method Collection and use heat scission reaction, refers to and gas-phase product is removed to tar successively or/and condensation, gas-liquid separation, the liquid product obtaining and combustion gas; Further liquid towards product heat, the process such as solid-gas two phase catalytic reactions, fractionation, condensation, oily water separation, refining, allotment, produce gasoline, diesel product; Combustion gas is incorporated in incineration oxidation district and is burnt, and burning produces high-temperature flue gas, with high-temperature flue gas to heat scission reaction heat supply; Or combustion gas is steamed for generating, heat supply, boiler etc.;
Supply that the anaerobic high-temperature flue gas that in vertical thermal-processing device, the dry heat required with destructive distillation of raw material produced by the residue burning after destructive distillation directly contacts with raw material and indirect contact is conducted heat; High-temperature flue gas directly contacts with raw material efficiency and the heat transfer rate that has improved hot transmission, has accelerated the dry and thermo-cracking of raw material; Burning required fuel or thermal source can be by fuel oil, combustion gas, coal or/and the burning of scission reaction residue provides, and said fuel oil and combustion gas can be to obtain the gaseous product producing from heat scission reaction.
Described destructive distillation or thermo-cracking residue burn to cinder under 850-1300 ℃ of high temperature of the upper process of transmit bed (or grate), also make other material thoroughly innoxious; The pressure of cracking and burning operation can be negative pressure, normal pressure or a little higher than normal pressure.
On the fire grate in the incineration oxidation district of the same vertical sealed equipment for Heating Processing below destructive distillation or scission reaction residue directly fall into or grate, burn, the anaerobic high-temperature flue gas producing directly upwards enters the dry distillation area of same vertical thermal-processing device, having cancelled traditional distillation apparatus adopts flue to be connected the defect that causes high temperature thermosteresis with incinerator
Through the lime-ash after burning, discharge vertical thermal-processing device, cooling by sub-sieve, the solid matter not being ashed is separated with ash content as solid inorganic thing and metal, do respectively further processing; Inorganics can be used as building materials raw material, as brickmaking;
In the present invention, the carrying method of the required combustion air in incineration oxidation district is: can adopt separately induced draft fan negative pressure air amount to combustion zone, or adopt separately gas blower malleation to blast air to combustion zone, also can adopt gas blower and induced draft fan that air is input to combustion zone simultaneously;
The combustion oxidation reaction of carrying out in incineration oxidation of the present invention district, belong to the burning of the inorganic carbon residue fuel of not chloride element (CL) not hydrogeneous (H) element, the element such as not chloride and hydrogen in the destructive distillation residue burning, do not form two evils because of (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins,, can there is not following reaction in the condition or PCDFs) generating:
By the embodiment of equipment of the present invention, make gas-phase product that scission reaction produces through condensation process, and collect by known equipment flowsheet the liquid phase fuel oil that condensation is got off; Liquid phase fuel oil can process through second-heating, fixed bed catalyst, separation column fractionation, condensation, oily water separation, water-sealed tank, after refining, allotment etc., obtain gasoline, diesel product; The catalyzer using in described fixed bed catalytic reactor, can adopt known catalyst for cracking, for example, and ZSM-5, HZSM-5, Y type, AL
2o
3catalyst for cracking and other relevant known catalyzer;
Not coagulability gas in gas-phase product of the present invention can be incorporated on the fire grate of burning (or burning) oxidation zone or grate and burn, and the heat of the high-temperature flue gas utilize to burn producing comes for the heat supply of heat scission reaction process, or the not comprehensive utilizations such as coagulability gas generates electricity, heat supply, boiler are steamed;
Belong to as follows one group of contrast experiment: by 1000 kilograms of domestic refuse raw materials of same (10 cm size chips mixture, 0.42 ton/m of unit weight
3) be fed to respectively and in vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing of the present invention (1) and conventional " gasification---burn " destructive gasifying stove, heat-treat (dry and destructive distillation):
Following code name explanation: A-the present invention disposes the vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing of high-temperature flue gas heat transfer tube; B-routine " gasification---burn " destructive gasifying stove; The diameter (mm) of " gasification---burning " destructive gasifying stove of D-vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing diameter of the present invention or routine; The hydrocarbon ils of collecting after the gaseous product condensation of V-destructive distillation, i.e. gasoline, diesel component (C
7～C
20) yield (Wt%); The time that the complete destructive distillation of T1-domestic refuse consumes (minute); Moisture evaporation in T2-raw material or dry complete institute elapsed time (minute); When the vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing of T3-the present invention (A) and conventional destructive gasifying stove (B) start to discharge the flammable gas-phase product of destructive distillation in the time of 300 ℃ process heat-up time (minute); The height of H1-drying zone (m); The height of H2-dry distillation area (m); N
2 (v%)nitrogen (N in the incoagulability gas of collecting after the gaseous product condensation of-destructive distillation
2) volume percent content;
1. in vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing of the present invention (A), by the high-temperature flue gas being configured in the vertical high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tube that drying zone and dry distillation area be connected with incineration oxidation area combustion, from combustion chamber, be input to rapidly drying zone and dry distillation area, high-temperature flue gas passes to the material in drying zone and dry distillation area indirectly heat, carries out rapidly the destructive distillation of the dry and material of raw material; Especially, after being heated, the material of high-temperature flue gas heat transfer tube outer wall area can carry out destructive distillation rapidly or thermolysis, the volume of material of heat transfer tube outer wall area is constantly dwindled, for high-temperature flue gas has formed mobile space, accelerated anaerobic high-temperature flue gas that combustion chamber produces and upwards gone here and there grate and flow into dry distillation area or drying zone, the heat of high-temperature flue gas has been directly passed to the material of dry distillation area or drying zone; The direct heat transfer of high-temperature flue gas and the indirect heat transfer of flue gas heat exchange tube are to the material in dry distillation area and drying zone, greatly expanded the heat treated heat transfer area of material, improved the thermal treatment output of material, material is high in the output of unit grate cross section and the thermolysis in the unit time or destructive distillation; By regulating the gas fume valve in high-temperature flue gas heat transfer tube, the temperature that can control dry distillation area maintains 300-450 ℃, makes as much as possible the higher hydrocabon type organic (as plastic waste waste rubber) in domestic refuse or organic waste change into the gasoline, diesel that commercial value is high; Especially, contain a large amount of nitrogen (N
2) high-temperature flue gas pipe in flue gas become low-temperature flue gas after conducting heat to the material of dry distillation area and drying zone, be constantly discharged to the outside of vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing (A), cause in the combustion gas of destructive distillation product a nitrogen content low, the advantage that fuel gases calorific value is high;
2. in vertical " gasification---burning " destructive gasifying stove (B) of routine, drying zone and dry distillation area are by layer upon layer of raw material compacting, the high-temperature gas of generation is burned because the compacting of top material in gasification zone, bottom, the gas flow space that high-temperature flue gas upwards flows into dry distillation area and drying zone is very little, and high-temperature flue gas is difficult for entering fast when conduct heat or enter dry distillation area and drying zone in dry distillation area and drying zone and is obstructed; Therefore, the destructive distillation of material or pyrolysis mainly occur in the 800-1000 ℃ of high temperature narrow zone that dry distillation area is adjacent with gasification zone (reduction zone and oxidizing fire district) and connect, cause the heat transfer area of material destructive distillation little, material yields poorly unit grate cross section and the thermolysis in the unit time or destructive distillation; Especially, during destructive distillation, temperature is up to 800 ℃ of left and right, and the higher hydrocabon type organic in domestic refuse or organic waste (as plastic waste waste rubber) has been become by pyrolytic decomposition the incoagulability combustion gas that commercial value is low; Especially, burn the nitrogenous high-temperature flue gas producing after destructive distillation residue and do not discharge outside vapourizing furnace B, if all formed mixed gas with destructive distillation gas-phase product, enter into gas collector, cause a nitrogen content in combustion gas high, the defect that fuel gases calorific value is low;
3. raw material adds then sealing in the top of slave unit A and B respectively, and the raw material of destructive distillation moving from top to bottom progressively, through drying zone, dry distillation area, finally drops to oxidation incineration area, makes the burning residual dregs of destructive distillation to cinder; Burn to produce a large amount of high-temperature flue gas, this high-temperature flue gas constantly from combustion chamber, up flows into dry distillation area or/and transmit drying zone, generation heat, carries out the destructive distillation of the dry or material of raw material; Transpiring moisture during raw material drying, produces a large amount of cracked gas product and residue during material destructive distillation; By the water vapour of dry generation, the equal slave unit A of the formed gaseous mixture such as flue gas that the pyrolysis gas that destructive distillation produces and incineration oxidation district produce and Base top contact, collection, the test assay of B;
From upper table data, find out:
I) to be 800 millimeters or grate sectional area be 0.5024m to the diameter of .A and B vapourizing furnace
2in A vapourizing furnace of the present invention, thoroughly the time of 1000 kilograms of domestic refuses of destructive distillation same is 3.3 hours, the treatment capacity of the unit's of being converted to grate area be 603 kilograms/time, and in B vapourizing furnace, thoroughly the time of 1000 kilograms of domestic refuses of destructive distillation same is 9.1 hours, the treatment capacity of the unit's of being converted to grate area be 218 kilograms/time; Therefore, A vapourizing furnace of the present invention has larger thermal treatment heat interchanging area and larger material destructive distillation treatment capacity than B vapourizing furnace;
Ii) by structure and the equipment flowsheet of A vapourizing furnace of the present invention, can control the temperature of dry distillation area at 300-450 ℃, thoroughly 1000 kilograms of domestic refuses of destructive distillation same can be collected the liquid hydrocarbon ils product after the destructive distillation that in domestic refuse, organic hydrocarbon material (as plastic waste) transforms, 46 kilograms (4.6%, Wt%) gasoline, diesel; Structure and the working method of B destructive gasifying stove routinely, the temperature that can not effectively control dry distillation area maintains 300-450 ℃, temperature during destructive distillation is up to 800 ℃ of left and right, cause the organic hydrocarbon material (as plastic waste) in domestic refuse to be become by pyrolytic decomposition the micromolecular combustion gas of incoagulability that commercial value is low, 1000 kilograms of domestic refuses of destructive distillation same can collect liquid hydrocarbon ils product after the destructive distillation that plastic waste in domestic refuse transforms be 2 kilograms or (0.2%, Wt%) gasoline, diesel; Cause the resource utilization of domestic refuse or organic waste to be worth low; Therefore, vapourizing furnace A of the present invention has the recycling commercial value of better domestic refuse or organic waste and the economic benefit of processing than conventional destructive gasifying stove B;
Iii) in the combustion gas after A vapourizing furnace of the present invention destructive distillation, a nitrogen content is 24% (V%), well below a nitrogen content in conventional destructive gasifying stove B combustion gas, be 51% (V%), or the calorific value of the destructive distillation combustion gas product of vapourizing furnace A of the present invention is higher than the calorific value of the destructive distillation combustion gas product of conventional vapourizing furnace B;
The invention belongs to domestic refuse or organic waste raw material constantly joins in vertical thermal-processing device from airtight vertical thermal-processing device top (or top), and successively through the indirect heating of multistage and direct-fired dry or/and destructive distillation, the process of burning etc.; Side by side, gas-phase product is constantly discharged from the gas gas-phase objects outlet at vertical thermal-processing device top (or top), the bottoms product of destructive distillation or scission reaction constantly drops in the incineration oxidation district bottom vertical thermal-processing device and burns to cinder, the high-temperature flue gas burn producing is constantly incorporated in vertical thermal-processing device, and carries out directly with raw material and indirect heating is dried and the one way of life rubbish of dry distillation reactor or the equipment of organic waste minimizing and energy;
In a word, the present invention has that thermo-efficiency is high, in gas-phase product and liquid product not containing tar, low containing nitrogen, sour gas, tar and ash in dioxin, the combustion gas foreign matter content that grades, fuel gases calorific value is high, the organic polymer hydrocarbon conversion in raw material has become the advantages such as high value liquid hydrocarbon oil (component of gasoline, diesel); The present invention is easy to operate, technical process is short, device structure is simple, equipment manufacturing cost is low, the recycling rate of raw material is high; mass-producing, serialization, resource utilization and minimizing, the present invention that can realize domestic refuse or organic waste treatment have all many-sided advantages such as energy-saving and environmental protection and high benefit, the creativeness having had, novelty and industrial applicibility.
Below illustrate in greater detail the present invention with specific embodiment in conjunction with the drawings, but the present invention is not limited.
Embodiment 1
By the conventional pre-treatment of 5000 kilograms of processes (comprise magnetic separation remove metal), broken, to dewater, be dried to moisture be below 50% (wt%), size is not more than the domestic refuse raw material of 20 centimetres and joins in the hopper (4) of screw feeder (3), according to 1000 kilograms of feed rate serializations per hour to be transported to grate diameter be in the drying zone (26) in the airtight vertical thermal-processing device (1) of 1.6 meters, with gas blower (41), air at room temperature is input in air heat exchanger (9) and heats and become warm air, again warm air is blown into the air intlet (21) of the interior combustion zone of vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing (1), side by side, the carbon residue string constantly dry distillation area heat scission reaction or destructive distillation being produced is crossed grate (12) and is burned to dropping on the fire grate (15) of combustion zone, or the noncondensing inflammable gas that destructive distillation or heat scission reaction are produced burns from gas storage holder (45) turns back to the gas jet (16) of combustion zone, the anaerobic 850-1200 ℃ of high-temperature flue gas that combustion chamber, combustion zone (23) are produced upwards gone here and there grate (12) and was incorporated into dry distillation area (25) district in vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing (1), carry out direct contact heat transfer to the material in dry distillation area (25), the high-temperature flue gas side by side combustion chamber (23) being produced is introduced directly into the high-temperature flue gas heat transfer tube (24 being configured in dry distillation area (25) and drying zone (26), 59, 62) in, indirectly conduct heat to the material of dry distillation area (25) and drying zone (26), after raw material in drying zone (26) is heated, there is the evaporation of moisture and be dried, and there is slight scission reaction, after the material of dry distillation area (25) is heated, there is destructive distillation or thermolysis, produce a large amount of destructive distillation gas-phase product and residue, especially, by regulating the valve (60,61,17) in high-temperature flue gas heat transfer tube (24,59,62), control circulation or the required temperature of destructive distillation of the interior high-temperature flue gas of heat transfer tube (24,59,62), in vertical thermal-processing device (1), the pyrolysis temperature of material is controlled at 300-450 ℃, and the temperature of combustion chamber, combustion zone is controlled at 850-1100 ℃, and working pressure is 0.03-0.09MPa, in the thermal treatment of material, the gas-phase product of dry distillation area, the gas-phase product of drying zone and mix formation mixed gas from flue gas of the combustion chamber (23) of combustion zone etc., this mixed gas constantly enters into spiral detarrer (8) inlet mouth (32) from the upper air vent of vertical thermal-processing device (1), with spiral detarrer (8), remove the tar in gas-phase product, the purification gas-phase product removing after tar is input to the collection use device of described gas-phase product from the venting port (39) of spiral detarrer (8), burn the inorganic slag producing and discharge through ash discharging hole (20) through residue extraction machine (18), slag can be used as building materials raw material, as brickmaking,
No
The hot gas-phase product of constantly vertical thermal-processing device (1) being discharged is incorporated in air heating interchanger (9) after detarrer (8) is processed, constantly use gas blower (41) that air at room temperature is blown in air heating interchanger (9), make air at room temperature absorb the heat of hot gas-phase product, make air at room temperature be transformed into warm air, and constantly warm air is input to the air intlet (21) of combustion zone for the burning of destructive distillation residue; The room temperature of being down to that gas-phase product after air heat-exchange cooling is passed through to condenser (50) further, the material after cooling enters in gas-liquid separator (47) and carries out gas---the separation of liquid two-phase; Incoagulable inflammable gas in separator (47) through be equipped with basic solution (as caustic soda, milk of lime ... .) water-sealed tank (44) remove CO in gas-phase product
2, H
2s, SO
2, HCL ... the acidic substance such as .., or the liquid envelope Purge gas after pressing to be transported in gas storage holder (45) buffer memory standby; The purifying gas of gas storage holder (45) is transported in the gas jet (16) of incineration area through valve (43), combustion gas is burnt in incineration area, produce high-temperature flue gas; With induced draft fan (46), constantly the combustion gas in gas storage holder (45) is extracted out through valve (42), as gas electricity generator generating, heat supply, the boiler required thermal source such as steam, fully utilize;
By methods such as known hydrocarbon ils heating, catalysis, fractionation, condensation, oily water separation, purification and allotments, by the liquid phase in gas-liquid separator (47) fuel oil for pump (48) pass through valve (51) and be input in tubular oven (52) and be heated to 350-400 ℃, and through the HZSM-5 catalyzer generation catalytic cracking reaction in catalytic fixed bed (57), make hydro carbons gaseous substance be transformed into gasoline, diesel component; According to gasoline, diesel boiling range, do not coexist in separation column (53) and carry out separation, be about to gaseous substance process separation column (53) fractionation after catalyzed reaction, gasoline enters condenser (54) from tower (53) jacking, through oil---and gas separating device (56) enters gasoline tank (29); Diesel oil enters stripping tower (55) from separation column (53) middle part, and after superheated vapour effect, diesel oil enters condenser (58), finally enters diesel oil tank (27); Adopt known technology to purify and allocation processing the gasoline, diesel of above-mentioned collection, finally obtain qualified gasoline, diesel product; The combustion gas of not condensing be incorporated into buffer memory gas storage holder (45) from water-sealed tank (30) top or the combustion gas in gas storage holder (45) is incorporated in incineration area and is burnt through valve (43), with burning, producing high temperature (850-1100 ℃) flue gas that produces to the dry and destructive distillation heat supply in vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing (1);
Said process, belongs to domestic refuse and constantly from vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing top, is fed in vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing, and successively through super-dry or/and destructive distillation, the process of burning etc.; Side by side, gas-phase product is constantly discharged from the gas gas-phase objects outlet at vertical thermal-processing device top (or top), the incineration area that the residue of destructive distillation constantly drops into vertical thermal-processing device bottom burns to cinder, the high-temperature flue gas burn producing is constantly incorporated in vertical thermal-processing device, and with raw material directly and indirect contact occur to conduct heat and be dried and the one way of life garbage decrement of destructive distillation and the equipment of energy;
Above-mentioned technological process general data and result are as follows:
The unit time treatment capacity of domestic refuse; 1000 (kg/h)
The grate diameter of vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing: 1.6m
The grate sectional area of vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing: 2m
2
The weight of unit grate sectional area thermal treatment material: 500kg/m
2, h
Domestic refuse: 5000KG;
Domestic refuse character (W%): moisture 43.7%, total solids class (comprising carbohydrate, plastic waste, Mierocrystalline cellulose, starch, metal, flyash etc.) 56.3%, pH value is 7.4, unit weight is 0.52 ton/m
3;
The volume of 5000KG rubbish: 9.61M
3
The ultimate analysis of rubbish: H7.13% (w%); C21.8% (w%); O44.11% (w%); S0.2% (w%); N1.3% (w%); Metal and inorganics 25.46% (w%);
Fixed bed catalyst: the catalyzer of the interior disposable loading 500Kg of fixed bed (57) (HZSM-5 by 45% and the mixing of 55% carrier form), continuous the recycling of energy, can allow 1500 tons of hydrocarbon ils generation catalytic cracking reactions be transformed into gasoline, diesel;
In vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing (1):
(1) pressure is 0.03-0.09MPa;
(2) pyrolysis temperature: 300-450 ℃;
(3) domestic refuse heat treatment time: 300 minutes;
(4) flue-gas temperature that Burning Room is discharged: 850-1100 ℃;
Reaction product (W%):
(1) hydrocarbon ils (C
7-C
22): 245KG, account for 4.9%, wherein:
Gasoline (C
7h
16-C
12h
24) be 125KG, account for 51%; Octane value is 96.1 (RON), inductive phase to be that 482 (Min), density are 0.731 (g/cm
3), end point of fraction (℃) be 201.5; Gasoline component (W%): alkane is 25.1%, naphthenic hydrocarbon is 11.4%, and alkene is 41.2%, and aromatic hydrocarbons is 10.1%, and other is 12.2%.
Diesel oil (C
12h
24-C
20h
42) be 120KG, account for 49%; Wherein, cetane value is 47.6, density is 0.833 (g/cm
3), flash-point (remaining silent) is that 68 ℃, cold filter clogging temperature are-15 ℃, kinematic viscosity (20 ℃ of mm
2/ s) be 3.08, boiling range (95%, ℃): 320; Combustion heat value (KJ/g): 41.5; Diesel oil component (W%): alkane is 19.4%, naphthenic hydrocarbon is 14.8%, alkene is 41%, virtue 10.3%, other is 17.5%;
The above-mentioned gasoline of collecting and diesel oil are carried out respectively to gas chromatographic analysis and obtain gasoline component (W%) and diesel oil component (W%) above; And by the gasoline of collecting and diesel oil respectively with 93 of GB standard
#number gasoline and O
#diesel oil carries out stand power test and the relevant physical parameter simultaneous test of oil engine, and carries out the Vehicle Driving Cycle contrast experiment under the same condition of 500 kilometers, and its effect is consistent;
(2) combustion gas (H
2, CO, CH
4, N
2, C
1-C
5): 855KG, accounts for 17.1%; Its calorific value is: 10411 (KJ/Nm3);
(3) inorganic residues and metal: 1290KG, accounts for 25.8%
(4) moisture (comprising dehydration, the water that dry and cracking produces): 2305KG, accounts for 46.1%;
(5) other (comprising the acid gas component in flue gas): 305KG, accounts for 6.1%;
Rubbish subtracts appearance effect:
The mean density of residue and metal: 3.21 tons/M
3;
1290KG residue and metal account for volume: 0.4018M
3(1.29 ÷ 3.21);
The remaining rate of rubbish (V%); 4.18%[0.4018 ÷ 9.61 * 100%];
Rubbish volume reduction rate (V%): 95.81%;
By 3000 kilograms, being crushed to the block raw material of damaged tire that size is not more than 10 centimetres, by intermittent feeding storehouse (36), to join grate diameter be once in the airtight vertical thermal-processing device (1) of 1.6 meters, then valve-off (6); Adopt heat treatment condition similar to Example 1 and working method, damaged tire is carried out to destructive distillation or thermo-cracking, as different from Example 1:
One, the fuel of combustion zone is not the destructive distillation carbon residue above dry distillation area drops to fire grate (15), but the incoagulability inflammable gas producing from destructive distillation, the combustion gas that is about to gas storage holder (45) collection is input to middle generation heat and the high-temperature flue gas of burning of gas jet (16) of combustion zone, or/and the hydrocarbon ils that destructive distillation is collected burns in pump (48) is transported to the nozzle burner (22) of combustion zone, burning produces high-temperature flue gas, and is incorporated into dry distillation area and the dry and destructive distillation of material is carried out in drying zone;
They are two years old, after the destructive distillation of material or thermo-cracking thoroughly complete, stop heating, after the temperature cool to room temperature of vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing (1) inside, start the carbon residue of destructive distillation (or carbon black) to discharge from vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing (1), carbon residue (or carbon black) becomes industrial carbon black commodity after pulverizing and purifying; Concrete grammar is: by regulating movable grate (11,12), the fire grate (15) that the destructive distillation carbon residue (or carbon black) that movable grate (11,12) is supported above drops into the cycle rotation of combustion zone downwards above, movement with the fire grate (15) of cycle rotation, destructive distillation carbon residue is constantly transported in slag notch (19), enter into the opening for feed that is transported to residue extraction machine (18), and discharge from slag-drip opening (20);
Its three, the gas-phase product that vertical airtight equipment for Heating Processing is discharged carries out condensation, obtains industrial furnace fuel oil product;
General data and the result of above-mentioned damaged tire destructive distillation are as follows:
The grate diameter of vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing: 1.6m
The grate sectional area of vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing: 2m
2
The weight of unit grate sectional area thermal treatment material: 500kg/m
2, h
Damaged tire: 3000KG;
In vertical thermal-processing device (1):
(1) pressure is 0.03-0.09MPa;
(2) pyrolysis temperature: 350-480 ℃;
(3) the destructive distillation time: 180 minutes;
(4) flue-gas temperature that discharge combustion chamber: 850-1100 ℃;
Reaction product (W%):
(1) hydrocarbon ils (C
7-C
28): 1245KG, accounts for 41.5%, wherein: density is 0.881 (g/cm
3); Alkane is 15.9%, and alkene is 47.2%, and aromatic hydrocarbons is 32.1%, and other is 4.8%; Calorific value (KJ/g): 43.5;
(2) inflammable gas (H
2, CH
4, N
2, C
1-C
5): 711KG, accounts for 23.7%; Its calorific value is: 32 (MJ/Nm3);
(3) carbon black: 1044KG, accounts for 34.8%
Claims (6)
1. the equipment of one way of life rubbish or organic waste minimizing and energy, comprises the feeding conveyor that connects successively or/and intermittent feeding storehouse, vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing, ash discharge slag machine, spiral detarrer, the collection use device of gas-phase product, and hydrocarbon ils collection device.
2. according to the equipment of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described feeding conveyor (3) belongs to conventional screw feeder, hydraulic reciprocating type charger, and other conventional feeding-in solid body machine; By flange (5), by the opening for feed UNICOM of the upper side of the discharge port of feeding conveyor (3) and vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing (1) housing (2); Described intermittent feeding storehouse (36) comprising: form imported valve (34) and the venting port valve (38) of the top of the cylindrical shell of feeding chamber or the housing of rectangle, housing or bottom configuration discharge opening valve (6), housing configuration water vapor or rare gas element that top configures charging opening valve (37), housing, housing configuration tensimeter (35); Intermittent feeding storehouse (36) is configured in the top of vertical thermal-processing device (1), and the discharge port of the discharge opening valve (6) of intermittent feeding storehouse (36) communicates with the top feeding mouth of vertical thermal-processing device (1).
3. according to the equipment of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing (1) comprising: the housing of oval tubular or rectangular parallelepiped (2), thermometer (10,13,14), the movable grate (11,12) that can regulate material to move down, high-temperature flue gas heat exchange vapor pipe (24,59,62), the relief outlet of gas-phase product (6), drying zone (26), dry distillation area or thermo-cracking district (25), the combustion chamber of incineration area (23), transmit bed (15), the air intlet (21) of gas jet (16), nozzle burner (22), burning; Particularly, the housing of oval tubular or rectangular parallelepiped (2), the top of housing (2) is end socket or flat-top shape, inlet mouth (32) UNICOM of the outlet of housing (2) top gas-phase product and spiral detarrer (8); The gas-phase product outlet of the upper side of housing (2) communicates with the inlet mouth (7) of air heat exchanger (9) through valve (31); The material inlet of the upper side of housing (2) is connected and communicates with the flange for discharge port (5) of feeding conveyor (3); The material inlet at housing (2) top joins and communicates with the discharge valve (6) of intermittent feeding storehouse (36); The bottom of the material inlet of housing (2) is the drying zone (26) of raw material, the side configuration thermometer (10) of the drying zone (26) of housing (2), the conventional commercially available movable grate (11) of bottom surface configuration of housing (2) drying zone (26); The top exhanst gas outlet (28) of the high-temperature flue gas heat transfer tube (24) in housing drying zone (26) described in one or more vertical high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tube (24) communicating with the combustion chamber (23) of bottom incineration area of configuration stretches to the outside of housing (2); The bottom of described drying zone (26) is destructive distillation or thermo-cracking district (25) in housing (2), the side configuration thermometer (13) of housing destructive distillation or thermo-cracking district (25), the conventional commercially available movable grate (12) of bottom surface configuration of housing destructive distillation or thermo-cracking district (25), one or more vertical high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tube (24,59,62) communicating with the combustion chamber (23) of bottom incineration area of configuration in the dry distillation area of housing (25); The top exhanst gas outlet of described vertical high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tube (59,62) and the middle and upper part UNICOM of high-temperature flue gas heat transfer tube (24); Movable grate (15) bottom of housing destructive distillation or thermo-cracking district (25) is the combustion chamber (23) in the incineration oxidation district of vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing housing (2), the bottom of combustion chamber (23) is the fire grate (15) that burns destructive distillation residue, and the side of fire grate (15) or bottom are to burn required air intlet (21), gas jet (16) and nozzle burner (22); The ashes outlets (19) of fire grate (15) bottom and the opening for feed UNICOM of ash discharge slag machine (18); Described vertical high-temperature flue gas heat exchange tube (24,59,60) is comprised of two parts such as gas fume valve in steel pipe and steel pipe, described valve belongs to conventional circular plate type flue gas windsheild, if the circular slab face of windsheild is when level, flue gas does not circulate in pipe; If the circular slab face of windsheild is when vertical, flue gas all passes through in pipe, unobstructed; If during at 45 ° the spending of circular slab face of windsheild, flue gas part in pipe is passed through, the circular slab face of windsheild can be from 0 ° to 90 ° within the scope of free adjustment, the circulation of control high-temperature flue gas in high-temperature flue gas heat transfer tube (24,59,62).
4. according to the equipment of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described spiral detarrer (8), comprise: buncher, netted rotating cone (33), gas-phase product import (32), purified gas outlet after decoking (39), belongs to known " Gu gas---" two phase separator commodity; Spiral detarrer (8) is configured in top or the top of described vertical thermal-processing device (1), and the inlet mouth (32) of spiral detarrer (8) communicates with the outlet of the gas-phase product of vertical thermal-processing device (1); The venting port (39) of spiral detarrer (8) and the inlet mouth UNICOM of valve (40), gas-phase product import (7) UNICOM of the air heat exchanger (9) of the venting port of valve (40) and the collection use device of gas-phase product; Described residue extraction machine (18), belongs to worm conveyor, scraper conveyor, intermittent type feed bin ash discharge slag device that routine techniques is manufactured, also can adopt other conventional ash conveyor; Ashes are discharged from ash discharging hole (20).
5. according to the equipment of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the collection use device of described gas-phase product, comprising: the interchanger (9) of gas blower (41), air heating, condenser (50), gas---liquid two phase separator (47), water-sealed tank (44), gas storage holder (45), induced draft fan (46) etc.; Particularly, the pneumatic outlet (39) of spiral detarrer (8) is gas-phase product import (7) UNICOM with air heat exchanger (9) through valve (40), and the outlet of vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing (1) upper gaseous phase is gas-phase product import (7) UNICOM with air heat exchanger (9) through valve (31); The gaseous product outlet of air heat exchanger (9) and the gas material import UNICOM of condenser (50), gas material outlet and gas---one end, top UNICOM of liquid/gas separator (47) of condenser (50), under the liquid of the top the other end of gas---liquid/gas separator (47) and water-sealed tank (44), tubular stinger is connected, and the top gas outlet of water-sealed tank (44) joins UNICOM with the inlet pipe of gas storage holder (45); The inlet mouth UNICOM of the top vapor pipe of gas storage holder (45) and valve (42), the inlet mouth UNICOM of the air outlet of valve (42) and induced draft fan (46); The top vapor pipe of gas storage holder (45) is through the gas jet (16) of vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing (1) the bottom incineration area of valve (43) UNICOM; Wherein, the opening for feed of the bottom fuel outlet UNICOM oil pump (48) of gas-liquid separator (47), the discharge port of oil pump (48) is connected with the nozzle burner (22) of vertical enclosed equipment for Heating Processing (1) bottom incineration area through valve (49); The import of the air at room temperature of the venting port UNICOM air heat exchanger (9) of gas blower (41), the air intlet (21) of equipment for Heating Processing (1) the bottom incineration area that the hot air vout UNICOM of air heat exchanger (9) is vertical enclosed; Described hydrocarbon ils (or gasoline, diesel) collection device, further comprise the heating, solid of hydrocarbon ils---the devices such as gas two phase catalytic reactions, all belong to the conventional catalytic pyrolysis using in this area and produce gasoline, diesel device, comprising: the catalytic fixed bed (57) of heating heat exchanger (52), solid-gas two-phase, diesel oil stripping tower (55), gasoline tank (29), diesel oil tank (27), separation column (53), gasoline condenser (54), diesel oil condenser (58), oil pump (48), water-and-oil separator (56), water-sealed tank (30) etc.; particularly, the opening for feed of gas-liquid separator (47) bottom UNICOM oil pump (48), the discharge port of oil pump (48) is the opening for feed UNICOM with tubular oven (52) through valve (51), the opening for feed UNICOM of the discharge port of tubular oven (52) and catalytic fixed bed (57), the discharge port of catalytic fixed bed (57) and separation column (53) middle part UNICOM, separation column (53) top and condenser (54) opening for feed UNICOM, condenser (54) discharge port and oil---gas separating device (56) UNICOM, diesel oil stripping tower (55) respectively with separation column (53) and diesel oil condenser (58) UNICOM, diesel oil condenser (58) discharge port and diesel oil tank (27) UNICOM, oil---the fuel dispensing outlet pipe UNICOM gasoline tank (29) of gas separating device (56) bottom, oil---the incondensable gas outlet pipe on gas separating device (56) top communicates with intubate under the liquid of water-sealed tank (30), the gas feed UNICOM of the outlet of the top incondensable gas of water-sealed tank (30) and gas storage holder (45).
6. according to the equipment of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described domestic refuse or organic waste, further comprise one or more following materials: medical waste, changing food waste, mud; Plastic waste, waste rubber, damaged tire, stalk, rice husk, waste paper, cotton, cloth, yarn, wood, leaf, stem, shell, branch, grass, wood chip, oilseeds, oil fruit, ight soil etc.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210352194.2A CN103666505B (en) | 2012-09-21 | 2012-09-21 | A kind of house refuse or the equipment of organic waste minimizing and energy |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210352194.2A CN103666505B (en) | 2012-09-21 | 2012-09-21 | A kind of house refuse or the equipment of organic waste minimizing and energy |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN103666505A true CN103666505A (en) | 2014-03-26 |
| CN103666505B CN103666505B (en) | 2018-03-16 |
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| CN105444187A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-03-30 | 鹤山市凤台菱精密铸造有限公司 | Waste incineration afterheat recovery device |
| CN106318857A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-11 | 韩纪文 | Ecological new rural energy environment integrated device |
| WO2018040728A1 (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-08 | 广东新生环保科技股份有限公司 | Method of decomposing organic polymer waste material |
| CN109054078A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-12-21 | 江苏金浦顺橡塑科技有限公司 | A kind of waste tire rubber recycling desulfurizing and refining processing system |
| CN109304349A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-02-05 | 世源科技(嘉兴)医疗电子有限公司 | A kind of MEDICAL WASTE TREATMENT system |
| CN109357261A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-02-19 | 上海玖矢企业管理有限公司 | A kind of organic matter fixed-end forces equipment |
| CN112175647A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-05 | 郑州轻工业大学 | Process for controllably and selectively converting medical wastes into oil by non-catalytic thermal cracking |
| CN112453018A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-03-09 | 上海工程技术大学 | Wet garbage poly-generation comprehensive utilization system and process |
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| CN105062527A (en) * | 2015-08-12 | 2015-11-18 | 西安有色冶金设计研究院 | Powdered coal microwave pyrolysis and retorting furnace |
| CN105444187A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-03-30 | 鹤山市凤台菱精密铸造有限公司 | Waste incineration afterheat recovery device |
| CN106318857A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-11 | 韩纪文 | Ecological new rural energy environment integrated device |
| WO2018040728A1 (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-08 | 广东新生环保科技股份有限公司 | Method of decomposing organic polymer waste material |
| CN106318857B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-10-30 | 肇庆中能创智信息科技有限公司 | A kind of ecotype new rural village energy environment integrated apparatus |
| CN109054078A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-12-21 | 江苏金浦顺橡塑科技有限公司 | A kind of waste tire rubber recycling desulfurizing and refining processing system |
| CN109304349A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-02-05 | 世源科技(嘉兴)医疗电子有限公司 | A kind of MEDICAL WASTE TREATMENT system |
| CN109304349B (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2023-11-07 | 世源科技(嘉兴)医疗电子有限公司 | Medical waste treatment system |
| CN109357261A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-02-19 | 上海玖矢企业管理有限公司 | A kind of organic matter fixed-end forces equipment |
| CN109357261B (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-12-17 | 上海玖矢企业管理有限公司 | Organic matter solid waste treatment equipment |
| CN113046131A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-06-29 | 陕西博瑞新环保科技有限公司 | Miniature distributed harmless garbage cracking and gasifying device |
| CN112175647A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-05 | 郑州轻工业大学 | Process for controllably and selectively converting medical wastes into oil by non-catalytic thermal cracking |
| CN112453018A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-03-09 | 上海工程技术大学 | Wet garbage poly-generation comprehensive utilization system and process |
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