CN204369820U - Biomass gasifying furnace waste heat comprehensive utilization system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a waste heat comprehensive utilization system of a biomass gasification furnace. The inner space of the furnace body is divided into a gasification reaction zone and a feed exhaust comprehensive zone through a first sieve plate. The top wall of the furnace body is provided with a biomass feed port, the bottom wall of the furnace body is provided with a steam inlet and a hot air inlet, and the first sieve plate is provided with a biomass discharge port. The feeding and exhaust comprehensive area is divided into a biomass feeding channel and a gas collecting and discharging channel through a barrel, and a gas outlet is provided on the top wall of the furnace body at the top of the gas collecting and discharging channel. The gas collection and discharge channel is located in the space surrounded by the upper surface of the first sieve plate, the outer surface of the barrel and the inner surface of the furnace body. On the outside of the feed and exhaust comprehensive area, a wind shell is arranged around the outer wall of the furnace body, wherein, the upper part of the wind shell is provided with a cold air inlet, and the lower part of the wind shell is provided with a hot air outlet. The cold air inlet is connected to the fan through a pipeline, and the hot air The air outlet communicates with the hot air inlet on the bottom wall of the furnace body through a pipeline.

Description

Biomass Gasifier Waste Heat Comprehensive Utilization System

technical field

The utility model relates to a fuel production system, in particular to a biomass fuel production system.

Background technique

As we all know, coal, oil, natural gas and other fossil energy resources are non-renewable resources, which have been gradually exhausted under the large-scale exploitation of human beings. In addition, these fuels will emit a large amount of toxic and harmful gases into the air when they are burned, causing serious air pollution. To this end, experts in the energy field are working hard to find renewable and clean fuels to replace fossil energy.

Biomass fuel (BMF for short, such as agricultural and forestry waste, such as straw, sawdust, bagasse, rice bran, etc.) has the following characteristics: 1. The energy of BMF comes from the absorption of CO ₂ in nature during its growth, so BMF has CO _2. The characteristics of ecological "zero"emission; 2. The combustion of BMF is mainly volatile matter, and its fixed carbon content is about 15%, which is a typical low-carbon fuel; 3. The sulfur content of BMF is lower than that of diesel, only 0.05%, the emission of SO ₂ can be realized without installing a desulfurization device; 4. The ash content of BMF is only 1.8%, which is about 1/10 of coal-based fuel, and the dust emission can reach the standard with a simple dust removal device; 5. BMF has low nitrogen content and high oxygen content, and generates less _NOx during combustion; 6. BMF comes from agricultural and forestry waste, with wide and diverse distribution of raw materials, low cost, cyclic growth, and inexhaustible supply. It is a typical circular economy project.

The research and development of biomass fuel technology has become one of the world's major hot topics, and has attracted the attention of governments and scientists all over the world. There are three ways to utilize biomass energy: direct combustion, thermochemical conversion and biochemical conversion. The direct combustion of biomass has been the main way of biomass energy utilization in my country for a long time. The thermochemical conversion of biomass refers to the technology of gasifying, carbonizing, pyrolyzing and liquefying biomass to produce gaseous fuels, liquid fuels and chemical substances under certain temperature and conditions. The biochemical conversion of biomass includes biomass-biogas conversion and biomass-ethanol conversion.

Biomass gasification uses biomass as raw material. Under the action of gasification agent, usually oxygen (air, oxygen-enriched or pure oxygen), water vapor or hydrogen is used as gasification agent (also called gasification substance). The process of converting the combustible part of biomass into combustible gas through thermochemical reaction under high temperature conditions. The gas components produced during biomass gasification mainly include H ₂ , CH ₄ and CO, etc., and this combustible gas is usually called biomass gas.

In the gasification process of biomass, the gasification effect is closely related to the combustion process, because the combustion process is the basis of biomass gasification, and gasification is partial combustion or anoxic combustion, and the carbon in biomass The oxidative combustion process provides heat for the gasification process. In the gasification reaction, the progress of other processes depends on the exothermic state of the carbon combustion stage. Therefore, fundamentally speaking, the biomass gasification process is a thermal cracking process that occurs under high temperature conditions in order to increase the production of combustible gas.

Compared with other biomass utilization technologies, biomass gasification technology is a widely used biomass energy conversion method. Its characteristics mainly include high energy conversion efficiency, simple equipment, low investment, easy operation and operation, and is not restricted by region, fuel type and climate. The biogas produced by the biomass gasifier can be used for cooking, heating and drying grains, wood, etc., and can also be used as fuel for power devices such as internal combustion engines and heat engines, and it can be converted into electricity or power to improve the quality and quality of biomass energy. its efficiency.

The gasification process of biomass is mainly carried out in the gasification furnace. Due to the different types of gasification furnaces, gasification reaction conditions, process flow, types of gasification agents, properties of raw materials and crushing particle size, the gasification reaction The process is also different. However, the biomass gasification process under different conditions basically includes: C+O ₂ =CO ₂ ; CO ₂ +C=2CO; H ₂ O+C=CO+H ₂ and so on.

Generally speaking, the actual reaction process of biomass mainly includes four parts: (1) Drying layer, in which the biomass enters the gasifier from the top of the gasifier, and after being heated to about 200-300°C, the biomass raw material The moisture in the biomass is first heated and evaporated, and the final product is dry material; (2), the pyrolysis layer, in which the dry biomass material moves down from the dry layer into the pyrolysis layer, and under the action of high temperature, a large amount of volatile matter in the biomass will The action temperature is around 500-600°C. After volatile analysis, only residual charcoal remains in the biomass. The volatiles precipitated from thermal decomposition mainly include hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, tar and other hydrocarbons. Compounds, etc.; (3) Oxidation layer (also called combustion layer), in which only charcoal remains after the biomass is pyrolyzed. At this time, it reacts violently with the introduced air in the oxidation layer and releases a large amount of heat at the same time. , to provide heat for the reaction in other areas. In the oxide layer, it is characterized by fast reaction rate, low layer height, and the temperature can be as high as 1000-1200 ° C. At the same time, volatile matter participates in combustion and further degrades; (4), reduction layer , there is no oxygen in the reduction layer, the combustion products and water vapor in the oxidation layer undergo a reduction reaction with the charcoal in the reduction layer, biohydrogen and carbon monoxide, these gases and volatile matter form combustible gases, and complete the conversion of solid biomass to gas fuel In the conversion process, since the reduction reaction is an endothermic reaction, the temperature at this time drops to about 700-900 ° C, and the heat required mainly comes from the oxide layer.

The biomass gasification reaction is mainly carried out in the gasifier, so the gasifier is the main equipment for biomass gasification. According to the different operation modes of the gasifier, it can be divided into fluidized bed gasifier and fixed bed gasifier . Among them, in the fluidized bed gasification furnace, the pulverized biomass raw material is put into the gasification furnace, and the gasification agent is blown upward from the bottom of the grate into the gasification furnace by the blower, and the gasification reaction of the fuel is "boiling". status completed. Among them, the fixed-bed gasifier is to put the chopped biomass raw material into the fixed-bed gasifier through the charging port on the top of the furnace. The flow of the air is realized by the power equipment fan.

In the up-suction fixed-bed gasifier, the biomass raw material is fed from the top of the gasifier, and the gasification agent enters the furnace from the gas inlet at the bottom of the furnace to participate in the reaction. The gas generated by the reaction flows from bottom to top, and finally The gas outlet on the upper part of the gasifier is discharged. Among them, the reaction process of biomass includes drying layer, pyrolysis layer, reduction layer and oxidation layer in sequence from top to bottom. Its main advantages are: when the gas passes through the thermal decomposition zone and the drying zone, it transfers the heat it carries to the biomass raw material, which is used for drying and thermal decomposition of the raw material, while reducing the temperature of the gas and improving the thermal efficiency of the gasifier ; Since the biomass raw material is added from the upper part of the furnace, the biogas passes through the material layer when it comes out from the upper part, which has a certain filtering effect on the gas and reduces the ash content in the biogas.

As disclosed in Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 101737795A, a biomass gasification boiler using air water vapor as a gasification agent includes a furnace body, a fire grate, a fuel equalizer and a preheating pipe. The furnace body consists of an inner furnace wall It is composed of an outer furnace wall set on the inner furnace wall. The shape of the upper cavity of the furnace body is cylindrical, the upper cavity of the furnace body is a gasification combustion chamber, and the shape of the lower cavity of the furnace body is an inverted cone. The lower cavity of the furnace body is the ash chamber, the fire grate is located above the ash chamber and is arranged in the lower end of the gasification combustion chamber, and the preheating pipe is arranged at the upper end of the gasification combustion chamber and is connected with the upper end wall of the furnace body. The fuel equalizer is connected; the biomass gasification boiler also includes water inlet pipes, atomizing nozzles, air inlet pipes, baffles, hot air and water steam mixing pipes, throat pipes, secondary air pipe groups and connecting pipes; hot air water The steam mixing pipeline is arranged under the grate, which is composed of multiple horizontally arranged grate tubes intertwined vertically and horizontally, and the lower half of each grate tube has multiple primary air through holes; The outer wall of the cylindrical furnace body above the row is provided with a closed annular atomization chamber, which directly exchanges heat with the gasification combustion chamber through the inner furnace wall, and the partition is set in the closed annular atomization chamber. The air inlet pipe communicates with the closed annular atomizing chamber on one side of the partition, the water inlet pipe communicates with the closed annular atomizing chamber on the other side of the partition through the atomizing nozzle, and the outlet of the hot air and water vapor mixing pipeline and the partition and the mist The airtight annular atomization chamber between the spray nozzles is connected, and each grate pipe is connected with the airtight annular atomization chamber through the hot air water steam mixing pipeline. However, the biomass gasification boiler using air steam as gasification agent has the following disadvantages or deficiencies: (1), the tar content in the directly produced biomass gas is relatively large, and if it is not filtered, it will seriously affect the quality of the gas. Subsequent use performance, and the patent application of the biomass gasification boiler did not disclose or suggest how to effectively reduce the tar content in the biomass gas; (2) The upper and middle furnace walls of the biomass gasification boiler did not adopt waste heat recovery structure, A part of heat energy is wasted, if this part of heat energy can be used to preheat air or water, it will be more energy-saving and environmentally friendly; (3), the biomass feed channel and biomass gas discharge channel of the biomass gasification boiler are not physically connected (4) The steam preparation method of the biomass gasification boiler is to directly spray the cold water in the water pipe to the high-temperature furnace wall through the atomizing nozzle and heat it into steam directly The steam produced in this way must contain a certain amount of atomized water droplets, which is not conducive to the subsequent reduction reaction in the gasifier; (5), the primary wind of the biomass gasification boiler The preparation method is to send cold air directly into the closed annular atomization chamber and mix it with water vapor to form a hot air-water-steam mixture, which is then supplied to the gasifier, which will further increase the content of atomized water droplets in the water vapor.

Another example is a gasification method disclosed in Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 102643676A, in which the biomass is pyrolyzed in a pyrolysis gasifier using air and water vapor as gasification agents. Gasification reaction, using the waste heat of the produced gas to prepare the water vapor produced by the evaporator into superheated steam to supplement the heat in the furnace, and return part of the produced gas to the furnace for combustion to provide heat for the gasification reaction, using high temperature cracking Remove tar, ensure that the gasifier as a whole is in a high-temperature atmosphere, and make the gasification process of bio-pyrolytic carbon and the cracking process of tar tend to be complete. However, there are the following disadvantages or deficiencies in this gas backflow combustion self-supply biomass pyrolysis gasification method: (1), it does not disclose or suggest how to effectively reduce the tar content in biomass gas; (2), the air it uses is not Use boiler waste heat for preheating; (3), it needs to use a special evaporator to produce water vapor; (4), its furnace wall does not adopt waste heat recovery structure, wasting a part of heat energy.

Therefore, it is an urgent problem to be solved in the industry to provide a comprehensive utilization system for waste heat of a biomass gasifier that can fully improve the energy utilization rate.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the utility model is to provide a biomass gasification furnace waste heat comprehensive utilization system, which can fully improve the energy utilization rate and improve the quality of biomass gas.

According to one aspect of the present utility model, there is provided a system for comprehensive utilization of waste heat of a biomass gasifier, comprising: an up-suction fixed-bed gasifier, the up-suction fixed-bed gasifier includes a furnace body, and the inner space of the furnace body passes through The first sieve plate is divided into a gasification reaction zone for accumulating biomass material layers in the middle and lower part and a comprehensive feed and exhaust zone above the gasification reaction zone, wherein the top wall of the furnace body is provided with a biomass feed port , the bottom wall of the furnace body is provided with a steam inlet and a hot air inlet, and the first sieve plate is provided with a biomass outlet. Among them, the feed and exhaust comprehensive area is divided into a biomass feed channel in the center and a gas collection and discharge channel arranged around the biomass feed channel through the barrel, and the top wall of the furnace body is located at the top of the gas collection and discharge channel. A gas outlet is provided; one end of the biomass feed channel communicates with the biomass feed port on the top wall of the furnace body, and the other end of the biomass feed channel communicates with the biomass discharge port on the first sieve plate, and the gas is collected The discharge channel is located in the space enclosed by the upper surface of the first sieve plate, the outer surface of the material barrel and the inner surface of the furnace body; and a wind shell is arranged around the outer wall of the furnace body outside the integrated feed and exhaust area for The heat of the furnace wall in the comprehensive area of feed and exhaust is recycled to prepare hot air. The upper part of the air shell is provided with a cold air inlet, and the lower part of the air shell is provided with a hot air outlet. The cold air inlet is connected to the fan through a pipeline, and the hot air outlet passes through The pipeline communicates with the hot air inlet on the bottom wall of the furnace body, so that the cold air is preheated into hot air (100-200 degrees Celsius, such as about 150 degrees Celsius) in the air shell and then transported to the furnace body through the hot air inlet and passed through the steam The water vapor delivered at the inlet together gasifies the biomass accumulated in the gasification reaction zone.

Preferably, a heat exchange coil can be provided in the gas collection and discharge channel for recovering and utilizing the heat in the biomass gas to produce steam at one time. Among them, the cold water is heated into a steam-water mixture at about 100 degrees Celsius in the heat exchange coil, and the dryness of the steam is about 60%.

Preferably, a water jacket may be provided around the outer wall of the furnace body outside the gasification reaction zone to recycle heat from the furnace wall of the gasification reaction zone for secondary production of water vapor. Among them, the steam-water mixture from the heat exchange coil is further heated in the water jacket to increase the steam temperature and dryness, and at the same time, the return water from the steam-water separator is circulated and heated into steam in the water jacket to save water resources. In addition, Control the amount of return water in the water jacket to be less than 20% of the volume of the water jacket to avoid affecting the normal operation of the system.

Preferably, the waste heat comprehensive utilization system of the biomass gasifier can be further provided with a steam-water separator for removing liquid water in the water vapor so as to prepare the water vapor three times. The steam-water separator in the utility model is a conventional steam-water separator, and its working principle is: the steam containing water enters the steam-water separator, and moves downward in a centrifugal manner, and the entrained water is separated due to the speed reduction; The separated liquid is discharged through the steam trap, and the dry and clean steam is discharged from the outlet of the separator.

Optionally, the upper part of the water jacket is provided with a water inlet and a steam-water outlet, and the lower part of the water jacket is provided with a return water inlet; one end of the heat exchange coil is connected to the water pump and the other end is communicated with the water inlet of the water jacket, so that the primary preparation The water vapor is sent to the water jacket for secondary preparation.

Optionally, the steam-water separator is provided with a steam-water inlet, a return water outlet and a steam outlet; the steam-water inlet communicates with the steam-water outlet of the water jacket through a pipeline to introduce the steam-water mixture in the water jacket into the steam-water separator to separate high-purity water vapor; The return water outlet is connected with the return water inlet of the water jacket through the pipeline, which is used to send the liquid water separated in the steam-water separator into the water jacket for heating to circulate and prepare water vapor; the steam outlet is connected with the water vapor on the bottom wall of the furnace through the pipeline. The entrance is connected.

Optionally, a ceramic ball filter layer may be provided above the first sieve plate for primary filtration of tar in the biomass gas, and the heat exchange coil is arranged above the ceramic ball filter layer in the gas collection and discharge channel.

Optionally, the biomass gasifier waste heat comprehensive utilization system may further include a cyclone dust removal device, and the gas outlet is connected to the cyclone dust removal device through a pipeline to remove ash in the biomass gas. The cyclone dust removal device includes a primary gas inlet, a primary gas The outlet and the feeder, the primary gas inlet is arranged along the tangential direction of the cyclone dust collector body so that the gas spirals and flows inside the cyclone dust collector, the primary gas outlet is arranged on the top of the cyclone dust collector body, and the feeder It is installed at the bottom of the body of the cyclone dust collector for collecting ash.

Optionally, the waste heat comprehensive utilization system of the biomass gasifier may further include a secondary filter device, the secondary filter device is provided with a secondary gas inlet and a secondary gas outlet, and the secondary gas inlet is connected to the first stage of the cyclone dust removal device through a pipeline The first-level gas outlet, and the second-level gas outlet output clean biomass gas.

Optionally, the interior of the secondary filter device may include a lower transition ash chamber separated by a second sieve plate and a filter area above the transition ash chamber. The filter area includes the first filter area separated by a partition plate. cavity and the second filter cavity, the middle and lower parts of the first filter cavity and the second filter cavity are provided with a sawdust filter layer, the secondary gas inlet is set on the top of the first filter cavity, and the secondary gas outlet is set at the top of the second filter cavity top.

Optionally, a distribution cone is provided below the biomass outlet for uniformly dispersing the biomass into the gasification reaction zone.

Preferably, a rotary driving device is further provided for driving the distribution cone to rotate, so that the biomass can be dispersed more evenly.

Optionally, the furnace body of the updraft fixed-bed gasifier is cylindrical, the first sieve plate is annular and several through holes are opened on the first sieve plate.

Optionally, a third sieve plate is further arranged on the top of the sawdust filter layer in the second filter chamber to prevent sawdust from being mixed into the prepared clean biomass gas.

Optionally, the biomass inlet is arranged at the center of the top wall of the furnace body, and the biomass outlet is arranged at the center of the first sieve plate.

Alternatively, the lower part of the up-suction fixed-bed gasifier is provided with an ash collection chamber, and the ash collection chamber is separated from the gasification reaction zone by a fire grate, and at least one steam pipe and at least one hot air pipe are arranged below the fire grate. The water vapor pipe includes several water vapor outlets, the hot air pipe includes several hot air outlets, and the water vapor pipe and the hot air pipe are arranged in a cross shape or a ring shape.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are: (1), the air shell is set to preheat the air, and the heat exchange coil and the water jacket are set to heat the water vapor, which fully improves the utilization rate of biomass energy; (2), adopts three High-purity water vapor is prepared by a two-stage process, which fully improves the reaction efficiency of the biomass gasifier; (3), the two-stage filter tar process and the cyclone dust removal process are used to fully improve the quality of clean biomass fuel.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the waste heat comprehensive utilization system of the biomass gasifier of the present invention.

Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Please refer to Fig. 1, according to an embodiment of the present utility model, the biomass gasifier waste heat comprehensive utilization system includes: an updraft fixed-bed gasifier 100, a steam-water separator 300, a cyclone dust removal device 500 and a secondary filter device 700.

The updraft fixed-bed gasifier 100 includes a furnace body 110, and the inner space of the furnace body is divided into a gasification reaction zone 150 in the middle and lower part for accumulating biomass material layers and a gasification reaction zone 130 in the middle and lower part by a first sieve plate 120. The upper feed and exhaust integration area (not numbered). Wherein, the top wall of the furnace body 110 is provided with a biomass feed port 115 , and the bottom wall of the furnace body 110 is provided with a steam inlet 116 and a hot air inlet 117 .

In this non-limiting embodiment, the furnace body 110 of the updraft fixed-bed gasifier 100 is cylindrical, and the first sieve plate 120 is circular and has several through holes. The biomass inlet 115 is arranged at the center of the top wall of the furnace body 110 , and the biomass outlet 125 is arranged at the center of the first sieve plate 120 .

The integrated feed and exhaust area is divided into a biomass feed channel 160 located in the center and a gas collection and discharge channel 170 arranged around the biomass feed channel 160 through the barrel 150 . A gas outlet 177 is provided on the top wall of the furnace body 110 at the top of the gas collection and discharge channel 170 . One end of the biomass feed channel 160 communicates with the biomass feed port 115 on the top wall of the furnace body, and the other end of the biomass feed channel 160 communicates with the biomass discharge port 125 on the first sieve plate 120 . The gas collection and discharge channel 170 is located in the space enclosed by the upper surface of the first sieve plate 120 , the outer surface of the barrel 150 and the inner surface of the furnace body 110 .

The gas collection and discharge channel 170 is provided with a heat exchange coil 140 for recovering and utilizing the heat in the biomass gas to produce steam at one time. The cold water from the water pump 900 is heated in the heat exchange coil 140 into a steam-water mixture at about 100 degrees Celsius, wherein the dryness of the steam is about 60%.

In the gas collection and discharge channel 170 , a ceramic ball filter layer 400 is provided above the first sieve plate 120 and below the heat exchange coil 140 for primary filtering of tar in the biomass gas.

In this non-limiting embodiment, the updraft fixed-bed gasifier 100 is further provided with a wind shell 180 around the outer wall of the furnace body 110 on the outside of the integrated feed and exhaust area, which is used to recycle the feed exhaust. The furnace wall heat in the gas complex area is used to prepare hot air. The top of wind shell 180 is provided with cold air inlet 185, and the bottom of wind shell 180 is provided with hot air outlet 186, and cold air inlet 185 is connected to fan 800 by pipeline, and hot air outlet 186 passes the hot air on the bottom wall of body of heater 110 through pipeline. Inlet 117 communicates.

In this non-limiting embodiment, the updraft fixed-bed gasifier 100 is further provided with a water jacket 190 around the outer wall of the furnace body 110 on the outside of the gasification reaction zone 130 for recycling the furnace in the gasification reaction zone. The wall heat produces water vapor secondary. The steam-water mixture from the heat exchange coil 140 is further heated in the water jacket 190 to increase the temperature and dryness of the steam, while the return water from the steam-water separator 300 is circulated and heated into steam in the water jacket 190 to save water resources.

The upper part of the water jacket 190 is provided with a water inlet 191 and a steam-water outlet 192 , and the lower part of the water jacket 190 is provided with a return water inlet 193 . One end of the heat exchange coil 140 is connected to the water pump 900 and the other end is connected to the water inlet 191 of the water jacket 190 , so as to transport the water vapor produced in the primary stage into the water jacket 190 for secondary preparation.

In this non-limiting embodiment, the waste heat comprehensive utilization system of the biomass gasifier is further provided with a steam-water separator 300 for removing liquid water in the water vapor to prepare water vapor three times. The steam-water separator 300 is provided with a steam-water inlet 301 , a steam outlet 302 and a return water outlet 303 . The steam-water inlet 301 communicates with the steam-water outlet 192 of the water jacket 190 through a pipeline to introduce the steam-water mixture in the water jacket into the steam-water separator to separate high-purity water vapor. The return water outlet 303 communicates with the return water inlet 193 of the water jacket 190 through a pipeline for sending the liquid water separated in the steam-water separator into the water jacket for heating to circulate and prepare water vapor. The steam outlet 302 communicates with the steam inlet 116 on the bottom wall of the furnace body 110 through a pipeline.

Therefore, the cold air from the fan 800 is preheated into hot air at about 150 degrees Celsius in the air casing 180 , and then delivered into the furnace body 110 through the hot air inlet 117 . The cold water from the water pump 900 is heated in the heat exchange coil 140 to form a steam-water mixture at about 100 degrees Celsius, and the steam-water mixture is further heated in the water jacket 190 to increase the temperature and dryness of the steam, and then the steam-water mixture enters the steam-water separator 300 to separate high Purity water vapor. The prepared hot air and steam are sent to the gasification reaction zone 130 to gasify the biomass 200 accumulated therein. The biomass gas produced by gasification enters the gas collection and discharge channel 170 through the first sieve plate 120, and the biomass gas first passes through the ceramic ball filter layer 400 to filter the tar first, and then exchanges heat with the cold water in the heat exchange coil 140 , and finally the biomass gas at about 110 degrees Celsius is discharged from the updraft fixed-bed gasifier 100 through the gas outlet 177 .

As an alternative embodiment, the system for comprehensive utilization of waste heat of biomass gasifier further includes a cyclone dust removal device 500 . The gas outlet 177 of the updraft fixed-bed gasifier 100 is connected to a cyclone dust removal device 500 through a pipeline to remove ash in the biomass gas. The cyclone dust removal device 500 includes a primary gas inlet 501 , a primary gas outlet 502 and a feeder 505 . The primary gas inlet 501 is arranged along the tangential direction of the body of the cyclone dust removal device 500 (in this embodiment, the body is approximately cylindrical) so that the gas spirals and flows inside the cyclone dust removal device 500 . The primary gas outlet 502 is arranged on the top of the main body of the cyclone dust removal device 500 . The feeder 505 is disposed at the bottom of the body of the cyclone dust removal device 500 for collecting ash.

As an alternative embodiment, the system for comprehensive utilization of waste heat of biomass gasifier further includes a secondary filter device 700 . The secondary filter device 700 is provided with a secondary gas inlet 701 and a secondary gas outlet 702 . The secondary gas inlet 701 is connected to the primary gas outlet 502 of the cyclone dust removal device through a pipeline, and the secondary gas outlet 702 outputs clean biomass gas. The interior of the secondary filter device 700 includes a lower transition ash removal chamber 730 separated by the second sieve plate 720 and a filter area (not labeled) above the transition ash removal chamber. The filter area includes a first filter cavity 760 and a second filter cavity 770 separated by a partition plate 750 , and a sawdust filter layer 780 is provided at the middle and lower parts of the first filter cavity 760 and the second filter cavity 770 . The secondary gas inlet 701 is set on the top of the first filter cavity 760 , and the secondary gas outlet 702 is set on the top of the second filter cavity 770 . A third sieve plate 790 is further provided on the top of the sawdust filter layer 780 in the second filter chamber 770 to prevent sawdust from being mixed into the prepared clean biomass gas.

As an alternative embodiment, a distribution cone 166 is provided below the biomass outlet 125 for uniformly dispersing the biomass to the gasification reaction zone 130, and a rotary drive device (not shown) is further provided for To drive the distribution cone 166 to rotate, so that the biomass is more evenly dispersed.

As an alternative embodiment, the lower part of the up-suction fixed-bed gasifier is provided with an ash collection chamber (not shown in the figure), and the ash collection chamber and the gasification reaction zone are separated by a grate (not shown in the figure). A plurality of water vapor pipes and a plurality of hot air pipes are arranged below the row, the water vapor pipes include several water vapor outlets, the hot air pipes include several hot air outlets, and the water vapor pipes and the hot air pipes are arranged in a cross shape.

Please refer to Fig. 2, as an alternative embodiment, its main structure is the same as the previous embodiment, the difference is that the cyclone dust removal device 500 and the secondary filter device 700 are not used, and the prepared biomass gas can be directly supplied to other Boiler equipment is used as fuel, or for cooking, heating or drying grain, wood, etc.

Although the preferred embodiment of the present utility model has been described in detail here, it should be understood that the present utility model is not limited to the specific structures described and shown in detail here, and can be made by Other modifications and variations will occur to those skilled in the art. For example, the steam produced by the primary stage or the steam produced by the secondary stage can be directly supplied to the gasification reaction zone without using the next stage steam production process. In addition, parameters such as temperature or pressure at various places in the system can be properly selected within the scope disclosed in the utility model according to specific service conditions.

Claims (8)

1. A biomass gasifier waste heat comprehensive utilization system, comprising: An up-suction fixed-bed gasifier, the up-suction fixed-bed gasifier includes a furnace body, and the inner space of the furnace body is separated by a first sieve plate into a gasification gasifier for accumulating biomass material layers located in the middle and lower parts. The reaction zone and the feed exhaust comprehensive zone above the gasification reaction zone, wherein the top wall of the furnace body is provided with a biomass feed port, and the bottom wall of the furnace body is provided with a water vapor inlet and a heat Air inlet, the first sieve plate is provided with a biomass outlet; It is characterized by: The feed and exhaust comprehensive area is divided into a central biomass feed channel and a gas collection and discharge channel arranged around the biomass feed channel through a barrel, and is located on the top wall of the furnace body in the The top of the gas collection and discharge channel is provided with a gas outlet; One end of the biomass feeding channel communicates with the biomass feeding port on the top wall of the furnace body, and the other end of the biomass feeding channel communicates with the biomass on the first sieve plate. The discharge port is connected, and the gas collection and discharge channel is located in the space enclosed by the upper surface of the first sieve plate, the outer surface of the barrel and the inner surface of the furnace body; and An air shell is arranged around the outer wall of the furnace body on the outer side of the comprehensive feeding and exhaust area, wherein the upper part of the air shell is provided with a cold air inlet, and the lower part of the air shell is provided with a hot air outlet, so The cold air inlet is connected to the blower through a pipeline, and the hot air outlet is communicated with the hot air inlet on the bottom wall of the furnace body through a pipeline. 2. The comprehensive utilization system of waste heat of biomass gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that, a heat exchange coil is arranged in the gas collection and discharge channel. 3 . The system for comprehensive utilization of waste heat of biomass gasification furnace according to claim 2 , wherein a water jacket is arranged outside the gasification reaction zone along the outer wall of the furnace body. 4 . 4. The system for comprehensive utilization of waste heat of biomass gasifier according to claim 3, characterized in that the system for comprehensive utilization of waste heat of biomass gasifier is further provided with a steam-water separator. 5. The waste heat comprehensive utilization system of biomass gasifier as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that, the upper part of the water jacket is provided with a water inlet and a soda outlet, and the lower part of the water jacket is provided with a return water inlet; One end of the heat exchange coil is connected to the water pump and the other end is communicated with the water inlet of the water jacket. 6. The waste heat comprehensive utilization system of biomass gasifier as claimed in claim 5, wherein the steam-water separator is provided with a steam-water inlet, a return water outlet and a steam outlet; the steam-water inlet is connected with the water through a pipeline The steam-water outlet of the jacket is connected; the return water outlet is connected with the return water inlet of the water jacket through a pipeline; the steam outlet is connected with the water vapor inlet on the bottom wall of the furnace body through a pipeline. 7. The system for comprehensive utilization of waste heat of a biomass gasifier according to any one of claims 2-6, wherein a filter layer of ceramic balls is arranged above the first sieve plate. 8 . The comprehensive utilization system of biomass gasifier waste heat according to claim 7 , wherein the heat exchange coil is arranged above the filter layer of ceramic balls in the gas collection and discharge channel. 9 .