CN104479742A - Biomass fuel preparation system - Google Patents
Biomass fuel preparation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN104479742A CN104479742A CN201410733758.6A CN201410733758A CN104479742A CN 104479742 A CN104479742 A CN 104479742A CN 201410733758 A CN201410733758 A CN 201410733758A CN 104479742 A CN104479742 A CN 104479742A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/80—Other features with arrangements for preheating the blast or the water vapour
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
- C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a biomass fuel preparation system. A space inside a furnace body is separated into a gasification reaction region and a feeding and exhausting integrated region by virtue of a first sieve plate, wherein the feeding and exhausting integrated region is separated into a biomass feeding channel and a fuel collecting and discharging channel by virtue of a barrel. A wind housing is arranged outside the feeding and exhausting integrated region along the outer wall of the furnace body in a surrounding manner and used for recycling furnace wall heat of the feeding and exhausting integrated region so as to prepare hot air. A cold air inlet is formed in the upper part of the wind housing, a hot air outlet is formed in the lower part of the wind housing, the cold air inlet is connected to a fan by virtue of a pipeline, and the hot air outlet is communicated with a hot air inlet in the bottom wall of the furnace body. Therefore, cold air is conveyed into the furnace body via the hot air inlet after being preheated into hot air in the wind housing, and the hot air and water vapor conveyed through a water vapor inlet are used for together gasifying a biomass fuel accumulated in the gasification reaction region.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fuel processing system, particularly a kind of biomass fuel production system.
Background technology
As everyone knows, the fossil energies such as coal, oil, Sweet natural gas are all Nonrenewable resources, peter out under the mankind exploit on a large scale.In addition, these fuel can discharge a large amount of toxic and harmfuls when burning in air, cause Air seriously polluted.For this reason, energy field expert is just striving to find reproducible clean fuel to replace fossil energy.
Biomass fuel (being called for short BMF, such as agriculture and forestry organic waste material, as stalk, sawdust, bagasse, rice chaff etc.) has following feature: 1, the energy of BMF comes from when it grows nature CO
2absorption, therefore BMF has CO
2the feature that ecological " zero " discharges; 2, the burning of BMF is based on fugitive constituent, and the content of its fixed carbon is about 15%, is typical low-carbon (LC) fuel; 3, the sulphur content of BMF is also lower than diesel oil, is only 0.05%, does not need to arrange desulfurizer and just can realize SO
2discharge; 4, the ash of BMF is only 1.8%, is about 1/10 of coal derived fuel, and arranging simple cleaning apparatus, just to realize dust discharge up to standard; 5, BMF nitrogen content is low, and oxygen level is high, generates less NO during burning
x; 6, BMF derives from agriculture and forestry organic waste material, and feed distribution is extensively various, and cost is low, and cycling deposition is inexhaustible, is typical recycling economy project.
The research and development of biomass fuel technology oneself become one of great heat subject in the world, receive the concern of countries in the world government and scientist.The utilization of biomass energy mainly contains 3 kinds of approach such as direct burning, thermochemical conversion and biochemical transformations.The direct burning of biomass is the major way of China's biomass utilization in the quite long period of history.The thermochemical conversion of biomass refers at certain temperature and condition, makes gasifying biomass, charing, pyrolysis and liquefaction, to produce the technology of gaseous fuel, liquid fuel and chemical substance.The biochemical transformations of biomass includes biomass-biogas conversion and biomass-ethanol conversion etc.
Gasifying biomass take biomass as raw material, under vaporized chemical effect, usually using oxygen (air, oxygen enrichment or pure oxygen), water vapour or hydrogen etc. as vaporized chemical (also referred to as gasification matter), under the high temperature conditions by thermal chemical reaction, by the process being partially converted into combustible gas flammable in biomass.The gaseous constituent produced during gasifying biomass mainly comprises H
2, CH
4with CO etc., usually this inflammable gas is called biological fuel gas.
In the gasification of biomass, gasification result and combustion processes have inseparable relation, this is because combustion processes is the basis of gasifying biomass, gasification is then partial combustion or anoxycausis, and in biomass, the oxidizing fire process of carbon is that gasification provides heat.In gasification reaction, the situation of carrying out of other processes depends on the heat release situation in carbon burning stage.Therefore, basically, biomass gasification process is output in order to increase combustible gas and the thermal cracking processes occurred under the high temperature conditions.
For other biomass utilization technologies, biomass gasification technology is a kind of widely used biomass energy transform mode.It is high that its feature mainly comprises energy conversion efficiency, and equipment is simple, less investment, and operation is easy, by the restriction of area, fuel type and weather.The biological flue gas produced through biomass gasifying furnace can be used for cooking, heating and oven dry cereal, timber etc., also can make the fuel of oil engine, Stirling hot-air engine equal power device, be translated into electric power or power, improves biomass energy grade and service efficiency thereof.
The gasification of biomass is mainly carried out in vapourizing furnace, and due to the difference of the type of vapourizing furnace, gasification reaction conditions, technical process, the kind of vaporized chemical, the condition such as the character of raw material and grinding particle size, its gasification reaction process is also not quite similar.But biomass gasification process substantially comprising at different conditions: C+O
2=CO
2; CO
2+ C=2CO; H
2o+C=CO+H
2deng.
Generally speaking, the real reaction process of biomass mainly comprises four parts: (1), drying layer, and wherein biomass enter gasifier from top of gasification furnace, after being heated to about about 200 ~ 300 DEG C, moisture in biomass material is first by thermal evaporation, and final product is dry material; (2), pyrolytic layer, wherein biomass dry material moves down from drying layer and enters pyrolytic layer, under high temperature action, in biomass, volatile matter will be separated out in large quantities, its operative temperature is at about 500 ~ 600 DEG C, after Volatile, biomass are remaining remaining charcoal only, and the volatile matter that wherein pyrolysis is separated out mainly comprises hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbonic acid gas, methane, tar and other hydrocarbon polymer etc.; (3), zone of oxidation (being also zone of combustion), wherein biomass are only left charcoal after pyrolytic layer, now in zone of oxidation with the air generation vigorous reaction that is introduced into, discharge a large amount of heats, for the reaction in other region provides heat, in zone of oxidation simultaneously, be characterized in that speed of reaction is fast, floor height is lower, and temperature can up to about 1000 ~ 1200 DEG C, and volatile matter participates in the laggard step-down solution of burning simultaneously; (4), reducing zone, oxygen is not had in reducing zone, charcoal generation reduction reaction in products of combustion in zone of oxidation and water vapour and reducing zone, biological hydrogen and carbon monoxide, these gases and volatilization grade and define inflammable gas, complete the conversion process of solid biomass to geseous fuel, because reduction reaction is thermo-negative reaction, temperature is now reduced to about 700 ~ 900 DEG C, and its heat requirement is mainly derived from zone of oxidation.
Biomass gasification reaction mainly carries out in vapourizing furnace, and therefore vapourizing furnace is the main equipment of gasifying biomass, and the operation scheme difference according to vapourizing furnace can be divided into fluidized-bed gasification furnace and fixed-bed gasification furnace.Wherein, in fluidized-bed gasification furnace, the biomass material of pulverizing is put in vapourizing furnace, and vaporized chemical is upwards blown in vapourizing furnace bottom grate by gas blower, and the gasification reaction of fuel completes in " boiling " state.Wherein, fixed-bed gasification furnace puts in fixed-bed gasification furnace by the biomass material of chopping by stove top charging opening, material substantially carries out gasification reaction by level in stove, and the flowing of gas in stove that reaction produces will lean on chain drive blower fan to realize.
In updraft type fixed-bed gasification furnace, biomass material is sent into from top of gasification furnace, and vaporized chemical is entered in stove by the inlet mouth of bottom of furnace body and participates in reaction, and the bottom-up flowing of gas that reaction produces finally is discharged by the gas outlet on vapourizing furnace top.Wherein, the reaction process of biomass comprises drying layer, pyrolytic layer, reducing zone, zone of oxidation from top to bottom successively.Its advantage is mainly: the heat entrained by itself, through pyrolysis zone and drying zone, is passed to biomass material by combustion gas, for drying and the thermolysis of raw material, reduces the temperature of combustion gas simultaneously, improves the thermo-efficiency of vapourizing furnace; Because biomass material adds from stove top, therefore biological flue gas by top out time through material bed, have certain filteration to combustion gas, reduce the ash oontent in biological flue gas.
As Chinese patent application disclose No. 101737795A disclose a kind of take air-steam as the biomass gasification boiler of vaporized chemical, comprise body of heater, fire grate, fuel divider and preheating tube, body of heater is made up of internal protecting wall and the outer furnace wall be enclosed within internal protecting wall, the profile of the upper cavity of body of heater is cylindrical, the upper cavity of body of heater is gasification combustion chamber, the profile of the lower cavity of body of heater is back taper, the lower cavity of body of heater is ash-falling chamber, fire grate is positioned at the top of ash-falling chamber and is arranged on the lower end of gasification combustion chamber, preheating tube arranges the upper end of gasification, and combustion indoor and is communicated with the fuel divider of the upper end wall being arranged on body of heater, biomass gasification boiler also comprises water inlet pipe, atomizing nozzle, air enter pipe, dividing plate, warm air water vapor mixed pipe line, trunnion, secondary air channel group and pipe connecting, warm air water vapor mixed pipe line is arranged on the below of fire grate, fire grate by multiple horizontally disposed furnace grate tube in length and breadth weave in form, the Lower Half tube wall of each furnace grate tube has multiple First air through hole, the outer side wall being positioned at the cylindrical furnace above fire grate is provided with airtight annular atomization chamber, airtight annular atomization chamber directly carries out heat exchange by internal protecting wall and gasification combustion chamber, dividing plate is arranged in airtight annular atomization chamber, air enters pipe and is communicated with the airtight annular atomization chamber of dividing plate side, water inlet pipe is communicated with the airtight annular atomization chamber of dividing plate opposite side by atomizing nozzle, the outlet of warm air water vapor mixed pipe line and the airtight annular atomization chamber between dividing plate with atomizing nozzle are communicated with, each furnace grate tube is communicated with airtight annular atomization chamber by warm air water vapor mixed pipe line.But, should be with air-steam that the biomass gasification boiler of vaporized chemical exists following shortcoming or deficiency: (1), the directly obtained coal-tar middle oil content of biological fuel gas are larger, if do not carry out filtration treatment will have a strong impact on the follow-up use properties of combustion gas, and do not disclose or advise how effectively reducing the coal-tar middle oil content of biological fuel gas in this biomass gasification boiler patent application; (2), the furnace wall of the middle and upper part of this biomass gasification boiler do not take waste heat recovery to construct, and wastes a part of heat energy, will energy-conserving and environment-protective more if this part heat energy can be used for preheated air or water; (3), the biomass feeding-passage of this biomass gasification boiler and biological fuel gas exhaust channel do not carry out physically separation, and this is unfavorable for controlling reinforced and exhaust respectively; (4), the water vapor preparation method of this biomass gasification boiler directly the cold water in water pipe is sprayed to high-temperature kiln wall by atomizing nozzle and be heated into water vapor to be directly supplied in vapourizing furnace, must contain a certain amount of water droplets in the water vapor made like this, this is unfavorable for follow-up reduction reaction of carrying out in vapourizing furnace; (5), the First air preparation method of this biomass gasification boiler be freezing air is directly sent into be mixed and made into warm air water vapor mixture with water vapor in airtight annular atomization chamber after be supplied in vapourizing furnace, the content of water droplets in water vapor can be made like this to increase further.
And for example Chinese patent application discloses No. 102643676A a kind of fuel gas return-flow burning disclosed from heat supply biomass pyrogenation gasification method, biomass are in pyrolytic gasification stove, with air and water vapour for vaporized chemical carries out pyrolytic gasification reaction, utilize the waste heat of output combustion gas that the water vapor by vaporizer output is prepared into superheated vapour to concurrent heating in stove, and the combustion gas of refluxing portion output enters stove burning provides heat for gasification reaction, Pintsch process is adopted to remove tar, guarantee that vapourizing furnace entirety is in high temperature atmosphere, the gasification of biological RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON and the cracking process of tar is made to be tending towards complete.But there is following shortcoming or deficiency from heat supply biomass pyrogenation gasification method in the burning of this fuel gas return-flow: (1), it does not disclose or advise how effectively reducing the coal-tar middle oil content of biological fuel gas; (2), its air used does not utilize boiler afterheat to carry out preheating; (3), it needs to adopt special vaporizer to obtain water vapor; (4), its furnace wall do not take waste heat recovery to construct, and wastes a part of heat energy.
Therefore, a kind of biological fuel gas preparation system that fully can improve energy utilization rate is provided to become urgent problem in the industry.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of biological fuel gas preparation system, it fully can improve energy utilization rate and improve the quality of biological fuel gas.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of biological fuel gas preparation system is provided, comprise: updraft type fixed-bed gasification furnace, updraft type fixed-bed gasification furnace comprises body of heater, the internal space of body of heater by the first sieve plate be divided into be positioned at middle and lower part for the gasification reaction district of piling up the biomass bed of material and the charging exhaust complex zone be positioned at above gasification reaction district, wherein, the roof of body of heater is provided with biomass feed inlet, the diapire of body of heater is provided with steam entry and hot air inlet, and the first sieve plate is provided with biomass discharge port.Wherein, charging exhaust complex zone is divided into the biomass feeding-passage being positioned at central authorities and the combustion gas collection exhaust channel arranged around biomass feeding-passage by barrel, and is provided with gas outlet in the top of combustion gas collection exhaust channel on the roof of body of heater, one end of biomass feeding-passage is communicated with the biomass feed inlet on body of heater roof, the other end of biomass feeding-passage is communicated with the biomass discharge port on the first sieve plate, the space that the internal surface that combustion gas collection exhaust channel is positioned at the upper surface of the first sieve plate, the outside surface of barrel and body of heater surrounds, and charging exhaust complex zone outside along body of heater outer wall around be provided with the crust of weathering for recycle charging exhaust complex zone furnace wall heat to prepare warm air, wherein, the top of the crust of weathering is provided with cold air inlet, the bottom of the crust of weathering is provided with hot air outlet, cold air inlet is connected to blower fan by pipeline, hot air outlet is communicated with the hot air inlet on the diapire of body of heater by pipeline, thus freezing air is preheated to warm air (100 ~ 200 degrees Celsius in the crust of weathering, such as about 150 degrees Celsius) make the biomass material piled up in gasification reaction district gasify together with the water vapor carried by steam entry by being delivered to by hot air inlet in body of heater.
Preferably, can collect in exhaust channel in combustion gas and be provided with heat exchange coil for recycling heat in biological fuel gas once to prepare water vapor.Wherein, cold water is heated to form the steam water interface of 100 degrees centigrade in heat exchange coil, and steam quality is about 60%.
Preferably, water vapor can be prepared for the furnace wall heat recycling gasification reaction district with secondary around being provided with water jacket along the outer wall of body of heater in the outside in gasification reaction district.Wherein, steam water interface from heat exchange coil is heated to improve vapor temperature and mass dryness fraction further in water jacket, be recycled in water jacket from the backwater of steam separator simultaneously and be heated to be water vapor to save water resources, in addition, the amount controlling backwater in water jacket is less than 20% of water-jacket space to avoid the normal operation of influential system.
Preferably, biological fuel gas preparation system can be provided with steam separator further and prepares water vapor for the liquid water removed in water vapor with three times.Steam separator in the present invention is conventional steam separator, and its principle of work is: moisture steam enters steam separator, and wherein with the centrifugal inclined motion that dips down, the moisture content carried secretly is separated because speed reduces; Separated liquid stream is discharged through drain valve, and the steam of dry cleansing is discharged from separator outlet.
Selectively, the top of water jacket is provided with water-in and carbonated drink outlet, and the bottom of water jacket is provided with backwater entrance; One end of heat exchange coil is connected with water pump and the other end is communicated with the water-in of water jacket, carries out secondary preparation to be delivered in water jacket by the water vapor once prepared.
Selectively, steam separator is provided with carbonated drink entrance, backwater outlet and vapour outlet; Carbonated drink entrance isolates high-purity water steam by the carbonated drink outlet of pipeline and water jacket to be introduced in steam separator by the steam water interface in water jacket; Backwater outlet to be communicated with the backwater entrance of water jacket by pipeline and to prepare water vapor for being sent in water jacket to heat to circulate by liquid water isolated in steam separator; Vapour outlet is communicated with the steam entry on body of heater diapire by pipeline.
Selectively, the top of the first sieve plate can be provided with Ceramic Balls filtering layer for the tar in single filter biological fuel gas, and heat exchange coil is collected in exhaust channel in combustion gas and is arranged at above Ceramic Balls filtering layer.
Selectively, biological fuel gas preparation system may further include cyclone dust collector, gas outlet is connected to cyclone dust collector to remove the ash content in biological fuel gas by pipeline, cyclone dust collector comprises one-level fuel gas inlet, one-level gas outlet and blanking device, one-level fuel gas inlet arranges to make combustion gas at the inner convoluted flow of cyclone dust collector along the tangential direction of the body of cyclone dust collector, one-level gas outlet is arranged at the top of the body of cyclone dust collector, blanking device is arranged at the bottom of the body of cyclone dust collector for collecting ash content.
Selectively, biological fuel gas preparation system may further include two-stage filter, two-stage filter is provided with second gas burning entrance and second gas burning outlet, second gas burning entrance is connected to the one-level gas outlet of cyclone dust collector by pipeline, and second gas burning outlet exports clean biological fuel gas.
Selectively, the inside of two-stage filter can comprise the transition ash disposal chamber being positioned at bottom be separated into by the second sieve plate and the filtrating area be positioned at above transition ash disposal chamber, filtrating area comprises the first filtering chamber and the second filtering chamber that are separated into by space bar, the middle and lower part of the first filtering chamber and the second filtering chamber is equipped with sawdust filtering layer, second gas burning entrance is arranged at the top of the first filtering chamber, and second gas burning outlet is arranged at the top of the second filtering chamber.
Selectively, the below of biomass discharge port is provided with material distributing cone for biomass material is dispersed to gasification reaction district equably.
Preferably, be provided with rotating driving device further and rotate for driving material distributing cone, biomass material is disperseed more equably.
Selectively, the body of heater of updraft type fixed-bed gasification furnace is cylindric, and the first sieve plate is circular and some through holes offered by the first sieve plate.
Selectively, the 3rd sieve plate is set further in the top of sawdust filtering layer in the second filtering chamber to prevent from being mixed into sawdust in the clean biological fuel gas that obtains.
Selectively, biomass feed inlet is arranged at the central authorities of the roof of body of heater, and biomass discharge port is arranged at the central authorities of the first sieve plate.
Alternately, the bottom of updraft type fixed-bed gasification furnace is provided with dust collection chamber, be separated by by fire grate between dust collection chamber and gasification reaction district, fire grate arranged beneath has at least one steam pipe and at least one warm-air pipe, steam pipe comprises several steam outlets, warm-air pipe comprises several hot air outlets, and steam pipe and warm-air pipe are that cross-shaped layout or collar shape are arranged.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: (1), arrange the crust of weathering in order to preheated air, heat exchange coil and water jacket are set in order to heating steam, substantially increase the utilization ratio of biomass energy; (2), adopt three grades of techniques to prepare high-purity water steam, substantially increase the reaction efficiency of biomass gasifying furnace; (3), adopt cascade filtration tar technique and cyclone dust removal technique, substantially increase the quality of clean biometric matter fuel.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of biological fuel gas preparation system of the present invention.
Embodiment
Please refer to Fig. 1, according to one embodiment of the present invention, biological fuel gas preparation system comprises: updraft type fixed-bed gasification furnace 100, steam separator 300, cyclone dust collector 500 and two-stage filter 700.
Updraft type fixed-bed gasification furnace 100 comprises body of heater 110, the internal space of body of heater by the first sieve plate 120 be divided into be positioned at middle and lower part for the gasification reaction district 150 of piling up the biomass bed of material and charging exhaust complex zone (non-label) be positioned at above gasification reaction district 130.Wherein, the roof of body of heater 110 is provided with biomass feed inlet 115, and the diapire of body of heater 110 is provided with steam entry 116 and hot air inlet 117.
In this non-limiting embodiment, the body of heater 110 of updraft type fixed-bed gasification furnace 100 is cylindric, and the first sieve plate 120 is circular and it offers some through holes.Biomass feed inlet 115 is arranged at the central authorities of the roof of body of heater 110, and biomass discharge port 125 is arranged at the central authorities of the first sieve plate 120.
Charging exhaust complex zone is divided into the biomass feeding-passage 160 being positioned at central authorities and the combustion gas collection exhaust channel 170 arranged around biomass feeding-passage 160 by barrel 150.The roof of body of heater 110 is provided with gas outlet 177 in the top of combustion gas collection exhaust channel 170.One end of biomass feeding-passage 160 is communicated with the biomass feed inlet 115 on body of heater roof, and the other end of biomass feeding-passage 160 is communicated with the biomass discharge port 125 on the first sieve plate 120.The space that the internal surface that combustion gas collection exhaust channel 170 is positioned at the upper surface of the first sieve plate 120, the outside surface of barrel 150 and body of heater 110 surrounds.
Combustion gas is collected in exhaust channel 170 and is provided with heat exchange coil 140 for recycling heat in biological fuel gas once to prepare water vapor.Cold water from water pump 900 is heated to form the steam water interface of 100 degrees centigrade in heat exchange coil 140, and wherein steam quality is about 60%.
To collect in exhaust channel 170 in combustion gas, be provided with Ceramic Balls filtering layer 400 for the tar in single filter biological fuel gas in the top of the first sieve plate 120 in the below of heat exchange coil 140.
In this non-limiting embodiment, this updraft type fixed-bed gasification furnace 100 further in the outside of charging exhaust complex zone along the outer wall of body of heater 110 around being provided with the crust of weathering 180, it is for recycling the furnace wall heat of charging exhaust complex zone to prepare warm air.The top of the crust of weathering 180 is provided with cold air inlet 185, and the bottom of the crust of weathering 180 is provided with hot air outlet 186, and cold air inlet 185 is connected to blower fan 800 by pipeline, and hot air outlet 186 is communicated with the hot air inlet 117 on the diapire of body of heater 110 by pipeline.
In this non-limiting embodiment, this updraft type fixed-bed gasification furnace 100 prepares water vapor for the furnace wall heat recycling gasification reaction district with secondary around being provided with water jacket 190 along the outer wall of body of heater 110 in the outside in gasification reaction district 130 further.Steam water interface from heat exchange coil 140 is heated to improve vapor temperature and mass dryness fraction further in water jacket 190, is recycled in water jacket 190 from the backwater of steam separator 300 simultaneously and is heated to be water vapor to save water resources.
The top of water jacket 190 is provided with water-in 191 and carbonated drink outlet 192, and the bottom of water jacket 190 is provided with backwater entrance 193.One end of heat exchange coil 140 is connected with water pump 900 and the other end is communicated with the water-in 191 of water jacket 190, carries out secondary preparation to be delivered in water jacket 190 by the water vapor once prepared.
In this non-limiting embodiment, biological fuel gas preparation system is provided with steam separator 300 further and prepares water vapor for the liquid water removed in water vapor with three times.Steam separator 300 is provided with carbonated drink entrance 301, vapour outlet 302 and backwater outlet 303.Carbonated drink entrance 301 exports 192 by pipeline and the carbonated drink of water jacket 190 and is communicated with and isolates high-purity water steam to be introduced in steam separator by the steam water interface in water jacket.Backwater outlet 303 to be communicated with the backwater entrance 193 of water jacket 190 by pipeline and to prepare water vapor for being sent in water jacket to heat to circulate by liquid water isolated in steam separator.Vapour outlet 302 is communicated with the steam entry 116 on the diapire of body of heater 110 by pipeline.
Thus, after being preheated to the warm air of about 150 degrees Celsius from the freezing air of blower fan 800 in the crust of weathering 180, be delivered in body of heater 110 via hot air inlet 117.Cold water from water pump 900 heats the steam water interface into about 100 degrees Celsius in heat exchange coil 140, in water jacket 190, heating is to improve vapor temperature and mass dryness fraction further for steam water interface, and steam water interface enters in steam separator 300 and isolates high-purity water steam subsequently.The warm air prepared and water vapor are delivered to the biomass material 200 that gasification reaction district 130 makes wherein to pile up respectively and gasify.The biological fuel gas that gasification produces enters combustion gas via the first sieve plate 120 and collects in exhaust channel 170, biological fuel gas is first after Ceramic Balls filtering layer 400 carries out single filter tar, again with the cold water heat exchange in heat exchange coil 140, finally the biological fuel gas of about 110 degrees Celsius discharges this updraft type fixed-bed gasification furnace 100 from gas outlet 177.
As a kind of alternative embodiments, biological fuel gas preparation system comprises cyclone dust collector 500 further.The gas outlet 177 of updraft type fixed-bed gasification furnace 100 is connected to cyclone dust collector 500 to remove the ash content in biological fuel gas by pipeline.Cyclone dust collector 500 comprises one-level fuel gas inlet 501, one-level gas outlet 502 and blanking device 505.One-level fuel gas inlet 501 is arranged along the tangential direction of the body (in this embodiment, this body approximate circle tubular) of cyclone dust collector 500 to make combustion gas at the inner convoluted flow of cyclone dust collector 500.One-level gas outlet 502 is arranged at the top of the body of cyclone dust collector 500.Blanking device 505 is arranged at the bottom of the body of cyclone dust collector 500 for collecting ash content.
As a kind of alternative embodiments, biological fuel gas preparation system comprises two-stage filter 700 further.Two-stage filter 700 is provided with second gas burning entrance 701 and second gas burning outlet 702.Second gas burning entrance 701 is connected to the one-level gas outlet 502 of cyclone dust collector by pipeline, and second gas burning outlet 702 exports clean biological fuel gas.The inside of two-stage filter 700 comprises the transition ash disposal chamber 730 being positioned at bottom be separated into by the second sieve plate 720 and the filtrating area (non-label) be positioned at above transition ash disposal chamber.The middle and lower part that filtrating area comprises the first filtering chamber 760 and the second filtering chamber 770, first filtering chamber 760 and the second filtering chamber 770 be separated into by space bar 750 is equipped with sawdust filtering layer 780.Second gas burning entrance 701 is arranged at the top of the first filtering chamber 760, and second gas burning outlet 702 is arranged at the top of the second filtering chamber 770.3rd sieve plate 790 is set further in the top of sawdust filtering layer 780 in the second filtering chamber 770 to prevent from being mixed into sawdust in the clean biological fuel gas that obtains.
As a kind of alternative embodiments, the below of biomass discharge port 125 is provided with material distributing cone 166 for biomass material is dispersed to gasification reaction district 130 equably, and be provided with rotating driving device (not shown) further and rotate for driving material distributing cone 166, biomass material is disperseed more equably.
As a kind of alternative embodiments, the bottom of updraft type fixed-bed gasification furnace is provided with dust collection chamber's (not shown), be separated by by fire grate (not shown) between dust collection chamber and gasification reaction district, fire grate arranged beneath has multiple steam pipe and multiple warm-air pipe, steam pipe comprises several steam outlets, warm-air pipe comprises several hot air outlets, and steam pipe and warm-air pipe are cross-shaped layout.
Although describe the preferred embodiment of the present invention in detail at this, but should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the concrete structure described in detail and illustrate here, other modification and variant can be realized when not departing from the spirit and scope of the invention by those skilled in the art.Such as, water vapor one-level can prepared or the standby water vapor of two-stage system are directly supplied to gasification reaction district and do not adopt next stage water vapor preparation technology.In addition, the temperature of system or pressure and other parameters suitably can be chosen in scope disclosed in this invention according to concrete application conditions.
Claims (10)
1. a biological fuel gas preparation system, comprising:
Updraft type fixed-bed gasification furnace, described updraft type fixed-bed gasification furnace comprises body of heater, the internal space of described body of heater by the first sieve plate be divided into be positioned at middle and lower part for the gasification reaction district of piling up the biomass bed of material and the charging exhaust complex zone be positioned at above described gasification reaction district, wherein, the roof of described body of heater is provided with biomass feed inlet, the diapire of described body of heater is provided with steam entry and hot air inlet, and described first sieve plate is provided with biomass discharge port;
It is characterized in that:
Described charging exhaust complex zone is divided into the biomass feeding-passage being positioned at central authorities and the combustion gas collection exhaust channel arranged around described biomass feeding-passage by barrel, and is provided with gas outlet in the top of described combustion gas collection exhaust channel on the roof of described body of heater;
One end of described biomass feeding-passage is communicated with the described biomass feed inlet on described body of heater roof, the other end of described biomass feeding-passage is communicated with the described biomass discharge port on described first sieve plate, the space that the internal surface that described combustion gas collection exhaust channel is positioned at the upper surface of described first sieve plate, the outside surface of described barrel and described body of heater surrounds; And
In the outside of described charging exhaust complex zone along the outer wall of described body of heater around being provided with the crust of weathering for recycling the furnace wall heat of charging exhaust complex zone to prepare warm air, wherein, the top of the described crust of weathering is provided with cold air inlet, the bottom of the described crust of weathering is provided with hot air outlet, described cold air inlet is connected to blower fan by pipeline, described hot air outlet is communicated with the described hot air inlet on the diapire of described body of heater by pipeline, thus freezing air making the biomass material piled up in described gasification reaction district gasify through to be delivered in described body of heater by described hot air inlet after being preheated to warm air in the described crust of weathering together with the water vapor carried by described steam entry.
2. biological fuel gas preparation system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, collects in exhaust channel be provided with heat exchange coil for recycling heat in biological fuel gas once to prepare water vapor in described combustion gas.
3. biological fuel gas preparation system as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, preparing water vapor in the outside in described gasification reaction district along the outer wall of described body of heater around being provided with water jacket for the furnace wall heat recycling gasification reaction district with secondary.
4. biological fuel gas preparation system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described biological fuel gas preparation system is provided with steam separator further and prepares water vapor for the liquid water removed in water vapor with three times.
5. biological fuel gas preparation system as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, the top of described water jacket is provided with water-in and carbonated drink outlet, and the bottom of described water jacket is provided with backwater entrance; One end of described heat exchange coil is connected with water pump and the other end is communicated with the described water-in of described water jacket, carries out secondary preparation to be delivered in described water jacket by the water vapor once prepared.
6. biological fuel gas preparation system as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described steam separator is provided with carbonated drink entrance, backwater outlet and vapour outlet; Described carbonated drink entrance isolates high-purity water steam by the described carbonated drink outlet of pipeline and described water jacket to be introduced in described steam separator by the steam water interface in described water jacket; The outlet of described backwater to be communicated with the described backwater entrance of described water jacket by pipeline and to prepare water vapor for being sent in described water jacket to heat to circulate by liquid water isolated in described steam separator; Described vapour outlet is communicated with the described steam entry on described body of heater diapire by pipeline.
7. the biological fuel gas preparation system according to any one of claim 1-6, it is characterized in that, the top of described first sieve plate is provided with Ceramic Balls filtering layer for the tar in single filter biological fuel gas, and described heat exchange coil is collected in exhaust channel in described combustion gas and is arranged at above described Ceramic Balls filtering layer.
8. biological fuel gas preparation system as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, described biological fuel gas preparation system comprises cyclone dust collector further, described gas outlet is connected to described cyclone dust collector to remove the ash content in biological fuel gas by pipeline, described cyclone dust collector comprises one-level fuel gas inlet, one-level gas outlet and blanking device, described one-level fuel gas inlet arranges to make combustion gas at the inner convoluted flow of described cyclone dust collector along the tangential direction of the body of described cyclone dust collector, described one-level gas outlet is arranged at the top of the body of described cyclone dust collector, described blanking device is arranged at the bottom of the body of described cyclone dust collector for collecting ash content.
9. biological fuel gas preparation system as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, described biological fuel gas preparation system comprises two-stage filter further, described two-stage filter is provided with second gas burning entrance and second gas burning outlet, described second gas burning entrance is connected to the described one-level gas outlet of described cyclone dust collector by pipeline, and described second gas burning outlet exports clean biological fuel gas.
10. biological fuel gas preparation system as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that, the inside of described two-stage filter comprises the transition ash disposal chamber being positioned at bottom be separated into by the second sieve plate and the filtrating area be positioned at above described transition ash disposal chamber, described filtrating area comprises the first filtering chamber and the second filtering chamber that are separated into by space bar, the middle and lower part of described first filtering chamber and described second filtering chamber is equipped with sawdust filtering layer, described second gas burning entrance is arranged at the top of described first filtering chamber, described second gas burning outlet is arranged at the top of described second filtering chamber.
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