CN1528467A - Method and apparatus for treating medical rejected material - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for treating medical rejected material Download PDFInfo
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- CN1528467A CN1528467A CNA031264158A CN03126415A CN1528467A CN 1528467 A CN1528467 A CN 1528467A CN A031264158 A CNA031264158 A CN A031264158A CN 03126415 A CN03126415 A CN 03126415A CN 1528467 A CN1528467 A CN 1528467A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and device to process medical waste. More concretely, it cracks the medical waste in the sealed thermal cracking device at 300-450 deg.C for 0.2-4 hours, and reclaims the naphtholite produced by cracking, then further harmlessly burns up the organic residue at the high temperature of 850-1300 deg.C. It can reduce the bulk of the medical waste and make the medical waster harmless and become a resource. It also discloses the device using the above method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to handle the method and apparatus of Biohazard Waste, specifically, relate to the method and apparatus that a kind of mode that adopts cracking and burning is handled Biohazard Waste.
Background technology
Along with the development of society and the raising of health of people level, the degree of Biohazard Waste in the dregs of society total amount constantly rises.Have pathogenic bacteria, virus because of Biohazard Waste may contain, thereby have toxicity and infectiousness, go back foul smelling, they are far longer than common daily life rubbish to the hazardness of crowd and environment.Handle these Biohazard Wastes effectively, make that it is innoxious, subtract appearanceization, become the problem that the whole world is generally paid attention to and studied.
Biohazard Waste composition complexity consists predominantly of machine high molecular polymer class, as rubber gloves, and mattress, plastic infusion pipe, plasma bags etc.; The organic fiber class is as gauze, binder, mask, medicinal Cotton Gossypii cotton balls, medicated clothing etc.; Carbohydrate is as human viscera organ, limbs, scared, blood and residue; And the solid waste class, as operation vessel, the cutter tool of vial, metal needle, breakage, or the like.Biohazard Waste must be passed through high-temperature process could be thoroughly innoxious, reaches environmental protection requirement.At present, decompose and the common methods of destroying Biohazard Waste adopts burning method miscellaneous exactly, as rotation cartridge type burning method, horizontal grate furnace firing method, vertical cylindrical shell burning method for example at USP 6,352, adopts two step burning methods in 040, or the like.The rubbish that the tail gas major polluting atmosphere environment of discharging after burning away the refuse, every day burn is many more, and the tail gas of generation is also many more, and is also just big more to the pollution of environment; Burning away the refuse needs a large amount of fuel oil, and energy consumption is big, processing cost is high; Produce excessive high-temperature flue gas or heat in the burning and be difficult to savings and comprehensive utilization, particularly contain waste plastics, the scrap rubber article that can change into high value fuel oil in a large number in the Biohazard Waste and burnt, cause the serious waste of energy resource; Do not had infectious poisonous and hazardous substances, must under the sealed environment condition, not have to poison and handle and thoroughly destroy by the original Biohazard Waste of high-temperature process; And burning method normally carries out under the conditions of air advertising, and generally is difficult to be formed into closed environment, causes operator and the surrounding to be infected by harmful substance.
In sum, the method for Biohazard Waste being carried out disposable burning disposal exists a large amount of tail gas pollution environment, energy consumption and processing cost height, and superfluous heat energy is difficult to save the serious disadvantages such as resource of utilizing and can't carrying out Biohazard Waste.
Prior art discloses some replacements and has improved the new solution of above-mentioned burning method, for example adopts thermal-cracking method.At USP 6,139, in 793, the batch (-type) harmless treatment is carried out in Biohazard Waste in having the hermetic container of agitating device; But owing to shaft rotates yielding and crooked for a long time under hot conditions, sealing system between rotating shaft and the container is easily destroyed, cause the high-temperature gas in the container easily outwards to be revealed, so can only adopt lower temperature to handle Biohazard Waste, but use therein 121-171 ℃ low temperature range can only play the sterilizing effect, organic waste thoroughly can not be decomposed and cracking at all;
USP 6,524, disclose in 539 with electromagnetic microwave as thermal source, in the hermetic container of anaerobic traditional batch (-type) method for destructive distillation is carried out in Biohazard Waste, make noxious substances such as not containing dioxin in the discharge tail gas; Owing to be intermittent operation, reinforced and ash discharge scarfing cinder must be carried out under the normal pressure and temperature condition, so that needs to go for a long time to heat up after each charging, needs to go for a long time cooling before the slag dumping ash discharge, the intensification and two processes of lowering the temperature have consumed a large amount of time, cause the processed in units amount of equipment to reduce; A large amount of heat energy loses in intensification and temperature-fall period, must additionally increase and replenish a large amount of power consumptions; The Organic substance that itself contains in the garbage can not burnedly utilize, the processing cost height; In addition, the metallics in the garbage has reflection to electromagnetic microwave, causes electromagnetic microwave equipment to be subjected to bad influence, can not normally move.
Particularly, contain a large amount of carbohydrates in the Biohazard Waste,, must under the high temperature more than 850 ℃, handle it is thoroughly decomposed and innoxious as internal organs of human body or the like.Now, on the market or industrial high-temperature steel commonly used be that rustless steel or titanium alloy steel also are difficult to tolerate for a long time the hot conditions more than 850 ℃, and cost an arm and a leg; So in the process of actual industrial processing Biohazard Waste, the serviceability temperature of the material of cracking apparatus is generally at 500-700 ℃.The thermal cracking temperature that the temperature resistant capability of cracking apparatus material has limited the Biohazard Waste in the cracking apparatus is difficult to reach 850 ℃; that is to say; 500-700 ℃ the thermal cracking that temperature conditions took place Biohazard Waste is decomposed for a full due; also contain quite a lot of organic substance that is not decomposed in the residue after the cracking; also must further handle making its thoroughly decomposition or innoxious, just can meet requirement on environmental protection.
In sum, adopt burning method and traditional pyrolysismethod to handle Biohazard Waste merely, can not satisfy efficient, environmental protection, many-sided requirement such as energy-conservation.
Purpose of the present invention is exactly to overcome the shortcoming that above-mentioned burning method and pyrolysismethod are handled Biohazard Waste, the method and apparatus of the processing Biohazard Waste of many-side requirements such as high temperature incineration behind a kind of first low temperature pyrolyzer is provided, can satisfies efficient, environmental protection, be energy-conservation.
Summary of the invention
Press one aspect of the present invention, a kind of method of handling Biohazard Waste is provided, more particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of elder generation limited thermal cracking is carried out in Biohazard Waste, the residue that then lytic response produced carries out high temperature incineration method.
Press another aspect of the present invention, a kind of equipment of handling Biohazard Waste is provided, it mainly comprises the device that Biohazard Waste is carried out the device of limited thermal cracking and the residue that lytic response produces is carried out high temperature incineration.
May further comprise the steps by method of the present invention:
I) described Biohazard Waste is packed in the cracking apparatus and airtight this equipment;
Ii) heat this cracking apparatus, material was kept 0.2-4 hour at 300-450 ℃, carry out heat scission reaction, collect and utilize the gas-phase product of heat scission reaction;
Iii) the lytic response residue is discharged cracking apparatus, deliver to and burn in the combustion furnace to cinder;
Iv) from the combustion furnace, discharge and dispose the lime-ash after burning.
Said Biohazard Waste comprises one or more following depleted materials: organic polymer, organic fiber material, carbohydrate, human tissue organ or other organic remains, inorganic-and metal material, apparatus etc.
Before charging, described Biohazard Waste requires the size of garbage to be not more than 35 centimetres through pulverizing or not pulverizing.The lytic response gaseous product that should as far as possible avoid retaining in the cracking apparatus in the charging process does not leak.
The required thermal source of heat scission reaction and burning can be by fuel oil, combustion gas, coal, electric energy or/and the burning of lytic response residue provides, and said fuel oil and combustion gas can be to obtain from the gaseous product that heat scission reaction produces.
Described thermal cracking residue in the combustion furnace under 850-1300 ℃ through burning, make combustible burning wherein clean, also make other material thoroughly innoxious; The pressure of cracking and burning operation respectively is normal pressure or pressurization a little.
The lytic response residue being discharged the step of cracking apparatus can carry out in two steps, promptly is discharged into residue in the residue collection container earlier, waits to run up to and just deliver in the combustion furnace in the lump when a certain amount of; The step that the residue of discharging is delivered in the combustion furnace can adopt mode commonly used to carry out, and for example adopts chain to transmit, or transmits with manpower when treating capacity is not very big.
Discharge the combustion furnace through the lime-ash after burning, cooling is after sub-sieve, with not separated with ash by the solid matter of ashing such as solid inorganic thing and metal, does further processing respectively.
An embodiment preferred by method of the present invention, described heat scission reaction is carried out in two steps, the first step is no more than 250 ℃ for Biohazard Waste is warming up in the storing/gasification unit that cracking apparatus comprises, kept 0.2-2 hour, the gaseous product of Chan Shenging is delivered to burning and recovery heat in the combustion furnace therebetween, second step introduced residue in the thermal cracking unit that cracking apparatus comprises again, it was kept 0.2-4 hour, to finish heat scission reaction at 300-450 ℃.
Another embodiment preferred by method of the present invention, make gas-phase product that lytic response produces through condensation process, and collect the liquid phase hydrocarbon ils that condensation is got off, burnt in not agglomerative gas introducing combustion furnace, and utilize the burning heat release to come to be the heat supply of heat scission reaction process.
The equipment of handling Biohazard Waste by the present invention comprises storage bin, apparatus for thermal cleavage, combustion furnace, slag ladle, waste heat boiler and hydrocarbon ils gathering-device;
Described storage bin comprises: can be cylindrical or orthogonal housing, the skin of housing is the flue gas channels layer of heating usefulness, and reinforced perforate is equipped with on the top of housing, and is equipped with seal cover or valve; Lower part of frame is equipped with the discharge port that leads to apparatus for thermal cleavage, and is equipped with valve; The gas exhaust outlet that housing top is equipped with steam inlet and is led to the combustion furnace;
Described apparatus for thermal cleavage is positioned at the below of storage bin, comprising: can be cylindrical or orthogonal upper body, with the upper body form fit but taper shape that closes up gradually or arc top circular head shape lower case upwards, the upper and lower housing is combined closely; The skin of housing is the flue gas channels layer of heating usefulness; Reinforced perforate is arranged at the top of housing, is equipped with valve in the perforate, and this valve is connected with the discharge port of storage bin; Lower housing portion or lower side are equipped with slag-drip opening, and are equipped with valve, and this valve is connected with the residue entrance of slag ladle; The gas phase thing floss hole that leads to hydrocarbon ils gathering-device and/or combustion furnace is equipped with on housing top;
Described slag ladle comprises: cylindrical or rectangular case, and the top of housing has residue to enter opening, and lower housing portion has slag-drip opening, and is equipped with slag-discharging valve; The tail gas outlet is equipped with on housing top;
Described combustion furnace comprises: for the vapour inlet that links to each other with storage bin is arranged on burning and the cylindrical or rectangular case of burning, the shell wall, high-temperature flue gas outlet that the uncooled vapour inlet, liquid hydrocarbon oil firing nozzle, the burning that link to each other with the hydrocarbon ils gathering-device obtain is arranged, from the burning residual dregs of slag ladle enter the mouth and shell in supply the fire grate of solid matter burning usefulness.
Described hydrocarbon ils gathering-device comprises: cover condensing unit and gas-liquid separation device, condensing unit can accept to come from the gasification product of cracking apparatus, be separated into two kinds of products of gas-liquid after making its condensation, be stored in gas-liquid separator or the hydrocarbon ils storage tank, used chamber's warm air or room temperature water are to the condensing unit heat exchange of lowering the temperature, and the hot-air after the heat exchange enters the combustion furnace; Gas-liquid separation device or hydrocarbon ils storage tank are collected and are come from the gas-liquid product of condensing unit, and have outlet to link to each other with the combustion furnace.
By a preferred embodiment of equipment of the present invention,
Another preferred embodiment by equipment of the present invention, described cracking apparatus can be rotary reactor, or cylindrical housings, the bottom of housing can be an arc top circular head upwards, mud hole is configured on the side of lower housing portion, or the rectangular case reactor, in the housing agitator can be installed.In a further preferred embodiment, the cracking apparatus enclosure interior is equipped with the heating flue pipe, and flue tube is connected with the outer field flue passage of housing.
Brief description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the simple and easy flow chart with the inventive method and equipment;
Fig. 2 is the configuration schematic diagram of adoptable thermally cracked kettle among the present invention, storage bin and slag ladle equipment.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with equipment of the present invention method of the present invention is described.
With Biohazard Waste do not pulverize and or be ground into its size below 35 centimetres.
Before Biohazard Waste is added storage bin, open water vapour import and tail gas outlet on the storage bin earlier, the water vapour that waste heat boiler is produced feeds in the storage bin of sealing, with water vapour or air exhauster the hydrocarbon gas of retaining in the storage bin is driven away, and is transported to the combustion furnace and goes burning; And then unlimited storage bin, reinforced to storage bin; Reinforced finishing with the storage bin covered and enclosed, driven away the air in the storage bin with water vapour or air exhauster.
In storage bin under the not aeriferous condition, open the connection valve between storage bin and the thermally cracked kettle, Biohazard Waste drops in the thermally cracked kettle, this has been avoided storage bin to bring thermally cracked kettle at the air that when filling with substance enters, and blasts because of there being air to produce detonating gas in the thermally cracked kettle preventing; Then, close connection valve between storage bin and the thermally cracked kettle; Repeat the aforesaid operations method, can feed and discharging to storage bin continuously.
Give the heating of the Biohazard Waste in the thermally cracked kettle with high-temperature flue gas, and material was kept under 300-450 ℃ 0.2-4 hour, heat scission reaction takes place; Heat scission reaction is kept normal pressure or is higher than normal pressure; Reaction produces gas phase thing and residue, and residue is discharged thermally cracked kettle, it is sent into the combustion furnace carry out 850-1300 ℃ high-temp combustion and handle to cinder, reaches innoxious and subtracts appearanceization; The gas phase thing constantly is discharged from thermally cracked kettle, through condenser condenses, collects and obtains hydrocarbon ils, and noncondensing gas phase thing is introduced in the combustion furnace and burns, and the high-temperature flue gas that produces in the combustion furnace is turned back to thermally cracked kettle, heats to thermally cracked kettle; When the supply of imflammable gas in the combustion furnace was not enough to produce enough high-temperature flue gas, the hydrocarbon ils that collection is obtained with oil pump was input to the combustion furnace and burns; When the residue that heat scission reaction produces was drained into slag ladle, the pressure in the slag ladle can be normal pressure, also can be negative pressure, and negative pressure can be a water steam jet or with the vacuum pump generation of bleeding.
During deslagging, open the valve that the slag-drip opening of thermally cracked kettle is connected with the slag ladle charging aperture, the residue in the thermally cracked kettle is subjected to vacuum suction and/or the action of gravity downwards in the slag ladle, down drops in the slag ladle; Close the valve that thermally cracked kettle is connected with slag ladle, open the slag-discharging valve of slag ladle again, residue is discharged slag ladle, then, close the slag-discharging valve of slag ladle; Repeat above-mentioned deslagging operational approach, can be easily with the residue discharger in the thermally cracked kettle, and will contain organic reaction residues and send into the combustion furnace and go to burn, further carry out innoxious, subtract the appearanceization processing.
More preferably way is, to introduce the heating exhaust gases passes of storage bin outer shell from the heating flue gas that the thermally cracked kettle outer shell is discharged, Biohazard Waste is warming up to is no more than 250 ℃, kept 0.2-2 hour, so that dry, pre-thermal material and make and be easy to evaporable organic component and volatilize in advance; With gaseous product directly deliver to go in the combustion furnace burning, heat energy is provided; Again residue is introduced in the cracking still, it was kept 0.2--4 hour, at 300-450 ℃ to finish heat scission reaction.
In the said method step, (hydrocarbon ils and/or low-molecular-weight imflammable gas are as H by hydro carbons that heat scission reaction produces for described heat scission reaction institute calorific requirement
2, CH
4, C
2H
6...) and cracked residue in the high-temperature flue gas supply that produces through burning back, combustion furnace of organic substance; The thermal cracking temperature is 300-450 ℃, and pressure is normal pressure or is higher than normal pressure that the temperature in the combustion furnace is 850-1300 ℃; In common Biohazard Waste, the weight percent of organic polymer defective works such as waste plastics, scrap rubber and useless fiber is than higher, but their thermal cracking and decomposition for a full due in 300-450 ℃ of temperature range in very short time easily only need a spot of heat; Simultaneously, produce energy incendiary hydrocarbons (hydrocarbon ils and imflammable gas) in a large number behind the heat scission reaction; If these hydrocarbons that lytic response produces are burning all, then the total amount of heat of burning back generation is far longer than the total amount of heat that heat scission reaction absorbs, heat or energy have residue, should reclaim this part remaining heat of deposit as standby, otherwise this part unnecessary heat will be wasted and lose; And carbohydrate or fiber-like garbage (as people's internal organs, blood plasma, limbs, skin and flesh or the like) though weight percent content smaller, but their material contains a large amount of hydrogen bond (H...O) and a large amount of moisture in forming, they need a large amount of heats thermal cracking and decomposition, but the amount of the hydrocarbons (hydrocarbon ils and imflammable gas) that their reaction backs produce seldom, the heat that these hydrocarbons burning backs produce is far smaller than maybe and can not satisfies the heat that heat scission reaction absorbs, the heat loss; Because many carbohydrate garbages need be under higher hot conditions, through cracking and the decomposition up hill and dale at leisure of a long time, so, must extra replenish new thermal source (as fuel oil, fuel gas ...), and be introduced into the combustion furnace and burn, produce high-temperature flue gas, with normally carrying out of maintenance heat lytic response, this will increase the operating cost that Biohazard Waste is handled;
Waste for fear of unnecessary heat, reduce heat loss and energy cost in producing, total amount of heat in the balance heat scission reaction overall process, the present invention is recovered to heat scission reaction 300-450 ℃ of temperature range unnecessary heat energy---hydrocarbon ils, be input to the combustion furnace where necessary and burn,, do not need additionally to buy fuel oil like this to replenish and the required heat of maintenance heat lytic response, reduce operating cost, accomplished the resource that medical waste is handled; If combustible refuse amount is seldom the time in the Biohazard Waste, caloric value is also just little, additionally postcombustion is to the combustion furnace, the gas phase hydrocarbon that this kind situation can not condensation lytic response be discharged, promptly, do not collect hydrocarbon ils, burn, so that it is used for lytic response to obtain the high-temperature flue gas and the heat of q.s but the gas phase hydrocarbon is introduced directly into the combustion furnace; Because 300-450 ℃ cracking temperature can not thoroughly decompose Biohazard Waste and be innoxious, must further remaining organic detritus after the thermal cracking be transported to the combustion furnace, handle to cinder through 850-1300 ℃ of high temperature incineration, the high-temperature flue gas that the burning back is produced turns back to the heat scission reaction still, give the reactor heat supply, the required thermal source of heat scission reaction can be that fuel oil, combustion gas, coal, electric energy are or/and the lytic response residue, if the lytic response residue all becomes inorganic matter, then the lytic response residue also can no longer return burning disposal in the combustion furnace;
The garbage that available the inventive method is handled comprises: all kinds of Biohazard Wastes, Organic substance waste product, waste plastics, scrap rubber, waste cellulose goods, carbohydrate, residual oil, heavy oil, sump oil, people hold feces, mud, wood flour, oil-containing sand and other macromolecule organic waste.
Figure illustrates the present invention below in conjunction with bowing.
Referring to Fig. 1, equipment of the present invention comprises; Storage bin (6), heat scission reaction still or cracking apparatus (13), slag ladle (15), combustion furnace (27), waste heat boiler (12), condenser (20), hydrocarbon ils storage tank or vapour liquid separator (21), oil pump (22) and aerator devices such as (23).
Described storage bin (6) comprising: cylindrical or rectangular case (32), the skin of housing (32) are heating flue layer (5), and reinforced perforate (2) is equipped with on the top of housing (32), and perforate (2) is equipped with seal cover or valve (1); Discharge port is equipped with in the bottom of housing (32), and valve (7) is housed on the discharge port, and this valve (7) is connected with the thermally cracked kettle (13) of housing (32) bottom; Steam inlet (4) and toxic emission outlet (3) are equipped with in the top of housing (32);
Described thermally cracked kettle (13) comprising: top is cylindrical or rectangular case (33), and the bottom is conical or trapezoidal housing (34), and upper body (33) is welded mutually with lower case (34); The skin of housing (33,34) is heating flue layer (30), and the heating flue pipe of arranging by vertical direction or horizontal direction (9) is equipped with in housing (33,34) inside, and flue tube (9) is connected with housing (33,34) outer field flues (30); Reinforced perforate (35) is arranged at the top of housing (33), and perforate (35) is gone up and is equipped with valve (7), and this valve (7) is connected with the discharge port of storage bin (6); Slag-drip opening (37) is arranged at housing (34) bottom, and is equipped with valve (14), and this valve (14) joins with the residue import (35) of slag ladle (15); Hydro carbons gas phase thing floss hole (8) is equipped with on housing (33) top;
Described slag ladle (15) comprising: cylindrical or rectangular case (36), residue import (35) is arranged at the top of housing (36), this import (35) is joined by the thermally cracked kettle (13) of valve (14) with housing (36) top, and mud hole is arranged at housing (36) bottom, and is equipped with slag-discharging valve (16); Tail gas outlet (18) is equipped with on housing (36) top;
1 and 2 pair of method of the present invention is further detailed in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Biohazard Waste do not pulverized and or be ground into its size below 35 centimetres, the charge door (2) by storage bin (6) enters into storage bin (6); Before reinforced, open the valve (41) of the water vapour import (4) on the storage bin (6) and the valve (40) of tail gas outlet (3) earlier, water vapour (17) is fed in the storage bin (6) of sealing, with water vapour (17) high temperature hydrocarbon gas in the storage bin (6) is driven out storage bin (6) through tail gas outlet (3), and hydrocarbon gas is transported to combustion furnace (27), go burning by nozzle (26); Then, steam off valve (41) and tail gas outlet valve (40); Open or the charge door lid or the valve (1) of unlimited storage bin (6), Biohazard Waste is packed in the storage bin (6), close or seal charge door (2); With lid or valve (1) sealing charge door (2); Water vapour (17) is fed in the storage bin (6), air in the storage bin (6) is driven out storage bin (6) through the tail gas outlet (3) of storage bin (6), or in waste heat flue gas introducing storage bin (6) the outer field heating flue layers (5) with thermally cracked kettle (13) discharge, give the Biohazard Waste heat temperature raising in the storage bin (6), simultaneously, open the valve (40) in the tail gas outlet (3), with the water vapour in the storage bin (6), easily waving property material and air are discharged storage bin (6), and be incorporated into combustion furnace (27), carry out burn processing through nozzle (26); Perhaps also can not give the heating of the Biohazard Waste in the storage bin (6); Open the connection valve (7) between storage bin (6) and the thermally cracked kettle (13), the charging aperture (35) of Biohazard Waste through cracking still (13) top drops in the thermally cracked kettle (13); Then, close the charging valve (7) on cracking still (13) top; Repeat the aforesaid operations method circularly, both can guarantee that thermally cracked kettle (13) is under the airtight condition constantly, can freely or continuously feed and discharging again, reach the seriality of production to storage bin (6); The hydro carbons (hydrocarbon ils (38) and/or imflammable gas) that produces in the heat scission reaction is turned back to combustion furnace (27), burn by fuel nozzle (25) and hydrocarbon gas nozzle (28), high-temperature flue gas is incorporated into thermally cracked kettle (13), give thermally cracked kettle (13) heating, at 300-450 ℃ and normal pressure or be higher than under the non-pressurized condition, various Organic substance (fibers in the Biohazard Waste in the thermally cracked kettle (13), plastics, rubber, carbohydrate and other Organic substance) the generation heat scission reaction, resolve into hydro carbons gas phase thing, water and residue, constantly the gas phase thing is discharged thermally cracked kettle (13), through condenser (20) condensation, collect hydrocarbon ils (38), incoagulable low molecular hydrocarbons gas is introduced in combustion furnace (27) and burns, burning produces high-temperature flue gas, high-temperature flue gas is turned back to thermally cracked kettle (13) give thermally cracked kettle (13) heating, heat scission reaction institute calorific requirement is provided; At the middle and late stage of heat scission reaction, the thermally cracked kettle outwards hydro carbons of discharging reduces gradually, with pump (22) hydrocarbon ils (38) is input to combustion furnace (27), burns through burner noz(zle) (25), keeps heat scission reaction institute calorific requirement; Take thermally cracked kettle (13) interior former material space and thermal cracking space for fear of the residue that increases gradually, should constantly residue be discharged thermally cracked kettle (13), to keep the serialization production under the hot conditions; During deslagging, open the valve (39) on tail gas outlet (18) pipe on airtight slag ladle (15) top, press the outside direction injection water steam (17) of tail gas outlet, utilize jet to produce the physical principle of negative pressure or vacuum, air in the slag ladle (15) is discharged slag ladle (15) with water vapour (17), forms vacuum or subnormal ambient in the slag ladle (15); Open slag-drip opening (37) valve (14) of thermally cracked kettle (13) bottom, the residue in the thermally cracked kettle (13) is subjected to vacuum suction and the action of gravity in the slag ladle (15), and the slag-discharging valve (14) of hot cracked still (13) down drops in the slag ladle (15); Close the slag-discharging valve (14) that thermally cracked kettle (13) is connected with slag ladle (15), promptly close the slag inlet (42) on slag ladle (15) top, stop injection water steam (17), then, open the mud hole valve (16) of slag ladle (15) bottom, residue is discharged slag ladle (15), close mud hole valve (16) again; Repeat above-mentioned deslagging operational approach circularly, both can be optionally or freely with the residue discharger in the thermally cracked kettle (13), kept the air-proof condition in the thermally cracked kettle (13) again, guaranteed that the serialization of heat scission reaction under hot conditions carry out.Further will store up the organic detritus of discharging in the slag filling (15) and be transported in the combustion furnace (27), and handle to cinder through 850-1300 ℃ of high temperature incineration, the high-temperature flue gas of burning back generation turns back to heat scission reaction still (13) and gives reactor (13) heat supply.Variation according to garbage composition and/or kind in the Biohazard Waste, if heat scission reaction can thoroughly decompose Biohazard Waste or raw material under 300-450 ℃ of temperature, cracked residue is an inorganic matter, and the lime-ash in the slag ladle need not return and carry out burning disposal in the combustion furnace.
Below illustrate in greater detail the present invention by specific embodiment, but the present invention is not limited.
Embodiment
The charge door (2) of 500KG Biohazard Waste by storage bin (6) entered into storage bin (6); Before reinforced, open the valve (41) of the water vapour import (4) on the storage bin (6) and the valve (40) of tail gas outlet (3) earlier, the water vapour (17) of 0.03Mpa pressure is fed in the storage bin (6) of sealing, with water vapour (17) high temperature hydrocarbon gas in the storage bin (6) is driven out storage bin (6) through tail gas outlet (3), and hydrocarbon gas is transported to combustion furnace (27), go burning by nozzle (26); Then, steam off valve (41) and tail gas outlet valve (40); Open the charge door lid or the valve (1) of storage bin (6), the Biohazard Waste gradation of 500KG is packed in the storage bin (6), close or seal charge door (2); With lid or valve (1) sealing charge door (2); The waste heat flue gas that thermally cracked kettle (13) is discharged is introduced in storage bin (6) the outer field heating flue layers (5), give the Biohazard Waste heat temperature raising in the storage bin (6), the waste heat flue gas of discharging from storage bin (6) is incorporated into waste heat boiler (12) again, produce water vapour (17) for waste heat boiler (12) heating, reclaim heat; Simultaneously, open the valve (40) in the tail gas outlet (3) of storage bin (6), with the water vapour of the interior generation of waste materials of storage bin (6) and easily the air in waving property material and the storage bin discharge storage bin (6), and be incorporated into combustion furnace (27), carry out burn processing through nozzle (26); Open the connection valve (7) between storage bin (6) and the thermally cracked kettle (13), the charging aperture (35) of Biohazard Waste through cracking still (13) top drops in the thermally cracked kettle (13); Then, close the charging valve (7) on cracking still (13) top; Repeat the aforesaid operations method circularly 5 times, the 500KG Biohazard Waste can be dropped in the thermally cracked kettle (13),, reach the seriality of production to guarantee the heat scission reaction needed raw material; With the imflammable gas that produces in the lytic response and/or hydrocarbon ils (38) or buy merchantable fuel(s) oil and be incorporated into combustion furnace (27), burn through fuel nozzle (25) and gas nozzle (28), high-temperature flue gas is incorporated into thermally cracked kettle (13), material is warming up to 400 ℃ like giving in the thermally cracked kettle (13), heated 2 hours, various Organic substance (fibers in the Biohazard Waste in the thermally cracked kettle (13), plastics, rubber, carbohydrate and other Organic substance) the generation heat scission reaction, resolve into hydro carbons gas phase thing, water and residue, constantly the gas phase thing is discharged thermally cracked kettle (13), gas phase thing with air at room temperature and discharge carries out heat exchange in condenser (20), the gas phase thing is through condenser (20) condensation, collection obtains hydrocarbon ils (38), and incoagulable imflammable gas (H
2And C
1-C
6) be introduced in combustion furnace (27), burn by gas nozzle (28), high temperature air after condenser (20) heat exchange is incorporated into combustion furnace (27), burning produces high-temperature flue gas, high-temperature flue gas is turned back to thermally cracked kettle (13) give thermally cracked kettle (13) heating, heat scission reaction institute calorific requirement is provided; At the middle and late stage of heat scission reaction, the thermally cracked kettle outwards hydro carbons of discharging reduces gradually, with pump (22) hydrocarbon ils (38) is input to combustion furnace (27), burns through burner noz(zle) (25), keeps heat scission reaction institute calorific requirement; Take thermally cracked kettle (13) interior former material space and thermal cracking space for fear of the residue that increases gradually, should constantly residue be discharged thermally cracked kettle (13), to keep the serialization production under the hot conditions; During deslagging, open the valve (39) on tail gas outlet (18) pipe on airtight slag ladle (15) top, press the outside direction injection water steam (17) of tail gas outlet, utilize jet to produce the physical principle of negative pressure or vacuum, air in the slag ladle (15) is discharged slag ladle (15) with water vapour (17), forms vacuum or subnormal ambient in the slag ladle (15); Open slag-drip opening (37) valve (14) of thermally cracked kettle (13) bottom, the residue in the thermally cracked kettle (13) is subjected to vacuum suction and the action of gravity in the slag ladle (15), and the slag-discharging valve (14) of hot cracked still (13) down drops in the slag ladle (15); Close the slag-discharging valve (14) that thermally cracked kettle (13) is connected with slag ladle (15), promptly close the slag inlet (42) on slag ladle (15) top, stop injection water steam (17), then, open the mud hole valve (16) of slag ladle (15) bottom, residue is discharged slag ladle (15), close mud hole valve (16) again; Repeat above-mentioned deslagging operational approach 2 times circularly,, guaranteed that the serialization of heat scission reaction under hot conditions carry out just with the residue discharger in the thermally cracked kettle (13); To store up the organic detritus of discharging in the slag filling (15) and be transported in the combustion furnace (27), and handle to cinder through 855-1050 ℃ of high temperature incineration, the high-temperature flue gas of burning back generation turns back to heat scission reaction still (13) and gives reactor (13) heat supply.
Obtain following result through above-mentioned production process (heat scission reaction):
Biohazard Waste: 500KG;
Biohazard Waste composition: volatile matter 70.5%, solid kind 19%, metal and inorganic matter 10.5%;
House refuse elementary analysis: H 5.1%, O 18.2%, and C 54%, and S 0.4%
N 8.5%, metal and inorganic matter 13.8%;
Storage bin operative temperature: room temperature to 120 ℃;
Storage bin operating pressure: normal pressure (less than 0.1MPa);
Heat scission reaction temperature: 400 ± 50 ℃;
The heat scission reaction time: 2 hours;
Thermally cracked kettle internal pressure: 0.03-0.07Mpa
Operating pressure: 410-709mmHg (vacuum or negative pressure) in the slag ladle;
Temperature in the combustion furnace: 855-1050 ℃
Product (W%): hydrocarbon ils (C
7-C
52) 94KG 18.8%;
Gas (H
2And C
1-C
6) 203KG 40.6%;
Inorganic residues and metal 99KG 19.8%;
Moisture 104KG 20.8%.
Claims (9)
1. method of handling Biohazard Waste, Biohazard Waste comprises one or more following materials: depleted organic polymer, carbohydrate, organic fiber material, human tissue organ or other organic remains, inorganic and metal material, apparatus etc., and this method may further comprise the steps:
I) described Biohazard Waste is packed in the cracking apparatus and airtight this equipment;
Ii) heat this cracking apparatus, material was kept 0.2-4 hour at 300-450 ℃, carry out heat scission reaction, collect and utilize the gas-phase product of heat scission reaction;
Iii) the lytic response residue is discharged cracking apparatus, deliver to and burn in the combustion furnace to cinder;
Iv) from the combustion furnace, discharge and dispose the lime-ash after burning;
2. press the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, described heat scission reaction carries out in two steps, the first step is no more than 250 ℃ for Biohazard Waste is warming up in the storing/gasification unit that cracking apparatus comprises, kept 0.2-2 hour, the gaseous product of Chan Shenging is delivered in the combustion furnace and is burnt therebetween, and residue is introduced in the thermal cracking unit that cracking apparatus comprises again, it was kept 0.2-4 hour, to finish heat scission reaction at 300-450 ℃;
3. press the method for claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, the collection utilization of the gas-phase product that described lytic response produced is meant, with gas-phase product through condensation process and collect the liquid phase hydrocarbon ils that condensation is got off, burnt in not agglomerative gas introducing combustion furnace, and the heat of utilizing burning to release is the heat supply of heat scission reaction process;
4. by the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that 850-1300 ℃ of burning, the pressure of cracking and burning operation respectively is normal pressure or pressurization a little to wherein said heat scission reaction residue in the combustion furnace;
5. want 1 method by right, it is characterized in that, wherein said heat scission reaction residue is discharged into earlier in the sealable slag ladle, waits to run up to deliver to the combustion furnace after a certain amount of more in the lump and burn;
6. an equipment of handling Biohazard Waste mainly comprises: storage bin, apparatus for thermal cleavage, slag ladle, combustion furnace and hydrocarbon ils gathering-device;
Described storage bin comprises: can be cylindrical or orthogonal housing, the skin of housing is the flue gas channels layer of heating usefulness, and reinforced perforate is equipped with on the top of housing, and is equipped with seal cover or valve; Lower part of frame is equipped with the discharge port that leads to apparatus for thermal cleavage, and is equipped with valve; Steam inlet and gas exhaust outlet are equipped with in housing top;
Described apparatus for thermal cleavage is positioned at the below of storage bin, comprising: can be cylindrical or orthogonal upper body, with the upper body form fit but taper shape that closes up gradually or arc top circular head shape lower case upwards, the upper and lower housing is combined closely; The skin of housing is the flue gas channels layer of heating usefulness; Reinforced perforate is arranged at the top of housing, is equipped with valve in the perforate, and this valve is connected with the discharge port of storage bin; Lower housing portion or lower side are equipped with slag-drip opening, and are equipped with valve, and this valve is connected with the residue entrance of slag ladle; The gas phase thing floss hole that leads to hydrocarbon ils gathering-device and/or combustion furnace is equipped with on housing top;
Described slag ladle comprises: cylindrical or rectangular case, and the top of housing has residue to enter opening, and lower housing portion has slag-drip opening, and is equipped with slag-discharging valve; The tail gas outlet is equipped with on housing top; Described combustion furnace comprises: for the vapour inlet that links to each other with storage bin is housed on burning and the cylindrical or rectangular case of burning, the shell wall, high-temperature flue gas outlet that the uncooled vapour inlet, liquid hydrocarbon oil firing nozzle, the burning that link to each other with the hydrocarbon ils gathering-device obtain is arranged, from the burning residual dregs of slag ladle enter the mouth and shell in supply the fire grate of solid matter burning usefulness.
Described hydrocarbon ils gathering-device comprises: a cover condensing unit and a gas-liquid separation device, condensing unit can accept to come from the gasification product of cracking apparatus, be separated into gas and two kinds of products of liquid after making its condensation, liquid can be stored in the gas-liquid separator, and air enters the combustion furnace after the condensing unit heat exchange; Gas-liquid separation device is collected and is come from the gas-liquid product of condensing unit, and disposes gas and liquid outlet, and is connected with the combustion furnace.
7. by the equipment of claim 6, it is characterized in that described Biohazard Waste treatment facility can comprise waste heat boiler, can utilize the high-temperature flue gas that comes from other devices to add water and to produce steam.
8. by the equipment of claim 6, it is characterized in that described cracking apparatus can be rotary reactor, or cylindrical housings or rectangular case reactor, in the housing agitator can be installed.
9. by the equipment of claim 6, it is characterized in that the cracking apparatus enclosure interior can be equipped with the heating flue pipe, flue tube is connected with the outer field flue passage of housing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA031264158A CN1528467A (en) | 2003-03-20 | 2003-09-27 | Method and apparatus for treating medical rejected material |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN03120801 | 2003-03-20 | ||
| CNA031264158A CN1528467A (en) | 2003-03-20 | 2003-09-27 | Method and apparatus for treating medical rejected material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1528467A true CN1528467A (en) | 2004-09-15 |
Family
ID=34314784
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA031264158A Pending CN1528467A (en) | 2003-03-20 | 2003-09-27 | Method and apparatus for treating medical rejected material |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1528467A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101352721B (en) * | 2007-07-23 | 2011-07-27 | 周鼎力 | Method for sequentially processing consumer waste |
| CN103666505A (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2014-03-26 | 周鼎力 | Equipment for reducing and transforming household garbage or organic waste into energy resources |
| CN108311513A (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-07-24 | 合肥龙之韵医药技术有限公司 | A kind of pressurization heating medical garbage sorting pyrolysis installation |
| CN110686243A (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2020-01-14 | 中国人民解放军火箭军研究院核技术研究所 | Microwave vacuum pyrolysis method for combustible solid waste |
| CN111780118A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-10-16 | 北京化工大学 | High-efficient recovery of medical waste and utilization device |
| CN112175647A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-05 | 郑州轻工业大学 | Process for controllably and selectively converting medical wastes into oil by non-catalytic thermal cracking |
-
2003
- 2003-09-27 CN CNA031264158A patent/CN1528467A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101352721B (en) * | 2007-07-23 | 2011-07-27 | 周鼎力 | Method for sequentially processing consumer waste |
| CN103666505A (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2014-03-26 | 周鼎力 | Equipment for reducing and transforming household garbage or organic waste into energy resources |
| CN103666505B (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2018-03-16 | 永春县五里街镇阿泉家庭农场 | A kind of house refuse or the equipment of organic waste minimizing and energy |
| CN108311513A (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-07-24 | 合肥龙之韵医药技术有限公司 | A kind of pressurization heating medical garbage sorting pyrolysis installation |
| CN110686243A (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2020-01-14 | 中国人民解放军火箭军研究院核技术研究所 | Microwave vacuum pyrolysis method for combustible solid waste |
| CN111780118A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-10-16 | 北京化工大学 | High-efficient recovery of medical waste and utilization device |
| CN112175647A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-05 | 郑州轻工业大学 | Process for controllably and selectively converting medical wastes into oil by non-catalytic thermal cracking |
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