CN108402282A - Leavening and the application of feed are produced for castoff - Google Patents
Leavening and the application of feed are produced for castoff Download PDFInfo
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- CN108402282A CN108402282A CN201710074123.3A CN201710074123A CN108402282A CN 108402282 A CN108402282 A CN 108402282A CN 201710074123 A CN201710074123 A CN 201710074123A CN 108402282 A CN108402282 A CN 108402282A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of leavenings producing feed for castoff, including following raw material components：Trichodermaharzianum, bacillus subtilis, candida utili and spirulina；Wherein, the mass ratio of trichodermaharzianum, bacillus subtilis, candida utili and spirulina is followed successively by (1 2)：(5‑8)：(0.5‑1)：(5‑10).Application of the leavening in castoff produces feed, includes the following steps：After castoff is mixed with calcium oxide and chlorella powder, the ferment-fermented of the present invention is added, mixes, sterilize, be granulated, dry with nutriment, obtain feed.Using leavening provided by the invention, the innoxious of production feed product may be implemented, the feed produced is in the raising of aquatic livestock, not only ensure that the safety that castoff is applied as feed product, but also can meet quality requirement of the market to feed product.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of waste treatment, and in particular to a kind of leavening for castoff production feed
And application.
Background technology
Castoff refers to that people are generated perishable during dealing, storage, processing and edible various food
Rotten rubbish；It covers all wastes related with food, includes the content of food waste, hogwash, castoff.Food is useless
Main component of the gurry as domestic waste, accounts for 50% of domestic waste or so.According to current domestic waste
1kg is calculated yield for each person every day per capita, about 1000 tons daily of organic waste yield of the cities of 1,000,000 populations, and one
The organic waste yield in year will be up to more than 360,000 tons.Studies show that, castoff has high-moisture, high salinity, Gao You
Machine matter content, component space and time difference be apparent, harmfulness and resource and the characteristics of deposit.The castoff content of organic matter is high, produces
Amount is big, easily corruption turn sour it is smelly, grow harmful organism, if collects occur to leak in transport process if can pollute air, soil
And water source, the normal life of severe jamming people；Especially summer will rot smelly if the same day does not clear up, and generate more
The harmful pathogenic microorganism of kind, pollutes environment.
Common castoff treatment technology disappears including burning, sanitary landfills, ecological feed, anaerobism both at home and abroad at present
Change, aerobic compost and Vermicomposting etc., and the external environmental protection that maturation has been formd for castoff recycling treatment
Industry, and it is domestic still in the starting stage, and in the recycling treatment of castoff, usually there is resource utilization efficiency
Low, the dissatisfactory defect of economic benefit.When using burning disposal, not only the thermal efficiency is very low for castoff, but also will produce
Pollute the toxin of environment.When being handled using landfill, becoming again can impurely upper and underground water and soil seepage flow
The main source of water.
Management and system for handling are being improved, strength carries out castoff for more severe environmental issue based on this
Recycling treatment, promote garbage classification launch when, exploitation new technology improve parameter rubbish resource recycling producing level
It is particularly important.
Invention content
For the defects in the prior art, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of leavening for castoff production feed
And application.Using leavening provided by the invention, innoxious, the feed produced of production feed product can be really realized
It can be used in the feeding process of aquatic livestock, not only ensure that the safety that castoff is applied as feed product, but also
Quality requirement of the market to feed product can be met well.
For this purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions：
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a kind of leavening for castoff production feed, which is characterized in that including
Following raw material components：Trichodermaharzianum, bacillus subtilis, candida utili and spirulina；Wherein, trichodermaharzianum, withered grass bud
The mass ratio of spore bacillus, candida utili and spirulina is followed successively by (1-2)：(5-8)：(0.5-1)：(5-10).Specifically, needle
To every kilogram of castoff, the addition of trichodermaharzianum is 1g-2g, and the addition of bacillus subtilis is 5g-8g, and production protein is false
The addition of silk yeast is 0.5g-1g, and the addition of spirulina is 5g-10g.
In the further embodiment of the present invention, the raw material components of leavening further include nitrogen source：Nitrogen source is ammonium nitrate, and
The mass ratio of nitrogen source and castoff is 1：(100-500).
Second aspect, the present invention are provided a kind of preparation method being produced feed using castoff, included the following steps：
S101：By castoff and calcium oxide and chlorella powder according to (100-200)：1：The mass ratio of (1-5) is uniformly mixed, Zhi Houtong
Enter carbon dioxide；S102：The first sterilization treatment is carried out after the product that S101 is obtained is crushed；S103：In the product that S102 is obtained
Middle addition leavening provided by the invention ferments；Wherein, in every kilogram of castoff, the addition of trichodermaharzianum is
The addition of 1g-2g, bacillus subtilis are 5g-8g, and the addition of candida utili is 0.5g-1g, the addition of spirulina
Amount is 5g-10g；S104：The product that fermentation obtains is uniformly mixed with nutriment, carries out the second sterilization treatment later；S105：
It is dried after the product that S104 is obtained is granulated, obtains feed.Wherein, the product that S104 is obtained is made using comminutor in S105
The particle of 3-5mm.It should be noted that the castoff in the present invention includes kitchen garbage, and especially include oil, water,
The kitchen garbage of mixed greens, pericarp, fruit stone and rice and flour.In other words, provided by the invention to be raised using castoff production
When material, castoff is preferably the rubbish for not including the meat sources such as fish, meat and bone, that is, excludes animal derived rubbish.In addition,
The castoff of the present invention does not include toilet paper, polybag and toothpick etc..
In the further embodiment of the present invention, in S102, the first sterilization treatment includes the processing of the first microwave sterilization, the
The processing of two microwave sterilizations and the processing of third microwave sterilization, and preferably include successively.Actual conditions are：The product that S101 is obtained
It is 750MHz-800MHz in power, temperature is 90 DEG C -105 DEG C, and the time is the condition of 90s-120s after being crushed to 60-200 mesh
The first microwave sterilization processing of lower progress；Then it is 450MHz-530MHz in power, temperature is 83 DEG C -92 DEG C, time 60s-
The second microwave sterilization processing is carried out under conditions of 130s；It is later 550MHz-650MHz in power, temperature is 70 DEG C -85 DEG C, when
Between to carry out third microwave sterilization processing under conditions of 70s-100s.
The present invention further embodiment in, in S104, the second sterilization treatment include the first high pressure sterilization processing and
The processing of second high pressure sterilization；Actual conditions are：In pressure will be 250MPa- with nutriment product after mixing
300MPa, temperature be 93 DEG C -98 DEG C, the time be 25min-35min under conditions of carry out the first high pressure sterilization processing；It is pressing later
Power is 180MPa-230MPa, and temperature is 103 DEG C -110 DEG C, the time be 15min-28min under conditions of carry out the second high pressure sterilization
Processing.
In the further embodiment of the present invention, in S103, the condition of fermentation is specially：Temperature is 25 DEG C -37 DEG C, pH
Value is 5.5-6.8, time 50h-55h；In S101, the condition for being passed through carbon dioxide is specially：The intake of carbon dioxide is
50-200mL/h, time 15min-30min.
The present invention further embodiment in, in S104, the raw material components of nutriment by weight, including：
Wheat bran 15-30 parts by weight, chlorella powder 5-10 parts by weight, methionine 1-2 parts by weight, folic acid 0.2-0.8 parts by weight, alginic acid
Sodium 1-3 parts by weight, biotin 0.5-1 parts by weight and lily root flour 3-6 parts by weight；The preparation method of nutriment is：By each raw material
Component is uniformly mixed after grinding；Wherein, the mass ratio of castoff and nutriment is (3-10):1.
In the further embodiment of the present invention, the raw material components of nutriment further include choline 1-2 by weight
Parts by weight, chlorella powder 2-4 parts by weight and matsutake mushroom 5-8 parts by weight.
In the further embodiment of the present invention, in S101, the condition for being passed through carbon dioxide is specially：Carbon dioxide
Intake is 50-200mL/h, time 15min-30min.
The third aspect, the feed being prepared according to method provided by the invention.
Fourth aspect, the feed that the present invention is prepared answering in aquatic animal feed or aquatic animal feed additive
With.
Above-mentioned technical proposal provided by the invention has the following advantages：
(1) it is well known that important component of the castoff as organic waste in urban solid garbage, has
Other than machine object content height, kitchen garbage is also rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and various trace elements, has nutrient complete, again
The high feature of utility value.Simultaneously its easily corruption is smelly, easily grows germ, so that transmission can be caused.China's conventional process
The method of kitchen garbage is directly to feed pigs.But this mode is easy to the epidemic disease in crowd being transmitted to poultry by castoff
Fowl, but also harm may be brought to health again by the food chain that poultry vivotoxin, harmful substance accumulate, thus make
At the cross-infection of epidemic disease between people and animals.Especially in recent years, the prevalence of the epidemic diseases such as aftosa, bird flu, rabid ox disease improves
Attention of the people to feed safety.Therefore, applicant has found by many experiments：It, can be with using leavening provided by the invention
Really realize the innoxious of production feed product, the feed produced can be used in the feeding process of aquatic livestock, not only protect
The safety that castoff is applied as feed product has been demonstrate,proved, and quality of the market to feed product can be met well
It is required that.
(2) applicant delightedly has found：The feed handled using method provided by the invention, nutrient classes are neat
Entirely, aquatic animal feed can be acted effectively as, the maximum that nutriment Efficient Cycle utilizes in castoff is not only realized
Change, and avoid the waste of resource, produces larger economic benefit；Changing waste into resources is not only realized, but also protects society
It can environment.In addition, using substep microwave sterilization provided by the invention and autoclaved method, food not only can be effectively killed
Microorganism in waste really realizes the innoxious and safe for the feed being prepared；And it is discarded to destroy food
Nutritional ingredient in object.
(3) after the forage feed aquatic livestock for obtaining the present invention, can not only meet various needed for aquatic livestock
Nutriment, and any negative effect will not be generated to aquatic livestock.
(4) preparation method provided by the invention is simple and convenient, easily operated, avoids the non-timely processing of food refuse and grows
The shortcomings that sick bacterium, mosquito and peculiar smell, so as to effectively optimize domestic environment.
Specific implementation mode
The embodiment of technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below.Following embodiment is only used for clearer
Illustrate technical scheme of the present invention, therefore be only used as example, and not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
Experimental method in following embodiments is unless otherwise specified conventional method.
Test material as used in the following examples is unless otherwise specified to be commercially available from conventional reagent shop.
Quantitative test in following embodiment, is respectively provided with three repeated experiments, and data are the average value of three repeated experiments
Or mean+SD.
Trichodermaharzianum used in the present invention is purchased from Shanghai Yan Sheng Industrial Co., Ltd.s, model YS-JZ0384；Species Bacillus
Bacillus is Bacillus subtilis subsp.subtilis (culture presevation number：CGMCC1.3358)；It is false that strain produces protein
Silk yeast is Candida utilis (culture presevation number：CGMCC2.1056).
The present invention provides a kind of leavening for castoff production feed, including following raw material components：Healthy and free from worry wood
Mould, bacillus subtilis, candida utili and spirulina；Wherein, trichodermaharzianum, bacillus subtilis, candida utili
It is followed successively by (1-2) with the mass ratio of spirulina：(5-8)：(0.5-1)：(5-10).
Preferably, the raw material components of leavening further include nitrogen source：Nitrogen source is ammonium nitrate, and the matter of nitrogen source and castoff
Amount is than being 1：(100-500).
In addition, being directed to leavening provided by the invention, the present invention specially devises the leavening and is produced in castoff
Application method in feed, it is specific as follows：
A kind of preparation method being produced feed using castoff, is included the following steps：
S101：By castoff and calcium oxide and chlorella powder according to (100-200)：1：The mass ratio mixing of (1-5) is equal
It is even, it is passed through carbon dioxide later.Wherein, the condition for being passed through carbon dioxide is specially：The intake of carbon dioxide is 50-200mL/
H, time 15min-30min.
S102：The first sterilization treatment is carried out after the product that S101 is obtained is crushed.Wherein, the first sterilization treatment includes and excellent
It is selected as including the processing of the first microwave sterilization, the processing of the second microwave sterilization and the processing of third microwave sterilization successively；Actual conditions are：It will
It is 750MHz-800MHz in power, temperature is 90 DEG C -105 DEG C, and the time is after the product that S101 is obtained is crushed to 60-200 mesh
The first microwave sterilization processing is carried out under conditions of 90s-120s；Then it is 450MHz-530MHz in power, temperature is 83 DEG C -92
DEG C, the time be 60s-130s under conditions of carry out the second microwave sterilization processing；It is later 550MHz-650MHz, temperature in power
It is 70 DEG C -85 DEG C, progress third microwave sterilization processing under conditions of the time is 70s-100s.
S103：Leavening provided by the invention is added in the product that S102 is obtained to ferment.Wherein, the condition of fermentation
Specially：Temperature is 25 DEG C -37 DEG C, pH value 5.5-6.8, time 50h-55h；Wherein, in every kilogram of castoff, health
The addition of peaceful trichoderma is 1g-2g, and the addition of bacillus subtilis is 5g-8g, and the addition of candida utili is 0.5g-
The addition of 1g, spirulina are 5g-10g.
S104：The product that fermentation obtains is uniformly mixed with nutriment, carries out the second sterilization treatment later.Wherein,
Two sterilization treatments include the processing of the first high pressure sterilization and the processing of the second high pressure sterilization；Actual conditions are：It will be mixed with nutriment
Uniformly after product pressure be 250MPa-300MPa, temperature be 93 DEG C -98 DEG C, the time be 25min-35min under conditions of into
The processing of the first high pressure sterilization of row；It is later 180MPa-230MPa in pressure, temperature is 103 DEG C -110 DEG C, time 15min-
The second high pressure sterilization processing is carried out under conditions of 28min.
S105：It is dried after the product that S104 is obtained is granulated, obtains feed.
Preferably, in S104, the raw material components of nutriment by weight, including：It is wheat bran 15-30 parts by weight, small
Ball algae powder 5-10 parts by weight, methionine 1-2 parts by weight, folic acid 0.2-0.8 parts by weight, sodium alginate 1-3 parts by weight, biotin
0.5-1 parts by weight and lily root flour 3-6 parts by weight；And raw material components preferably include choline 1-2 parts by weight, chlorella powder 2-4 parts by weight
With matsutake mushroom 5-8 parts by weight；The preparation method of nutriment is：It is uniformly mixed after each material component is ground；Wherein, food is useless
The mass ratio of gurry and nutriment is (3-10):1.
Preferably, castoff includes kitchen garbage, and especially include oil, water, mixed greens, pericarp, fruit stone and
The kitchen garbage of rice and flour.
It illustrates With reference to embodiment：
Embodiment one
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method producing feed using castoff, includes the following steps：
S101：By castoff and calcium oxide and chlorella powder according to 150：1：3 mass ratio is uniformly mixed, and is passed through later
Carbon dioxide；Wherein, the intake of carbon dioxide is 100mL/h, time 20min.
S102：It is 780MHz in power, temperature is 100 DEG C, and the time is after the product that S101 is obtained is crushed to 100 mesh
The first microwave sterilization processing is carried out under conditions of 100s；Then it is 500MHz in power, temperature is 87 DEG C, and the time is the item of 110s
The second microwave sterilization processing is carried out under part；Later power be 600MHz, temperature be 80 DEG C, the time be 90s under conditions of carry out
The processing of third microwave sterilization.
S103：Trichodermaharzianum, bacillus subtilis, candida utili and spirulina are added in the product that S102 is obtained
It it is 28 DEG C in temperature, pH value is fermented 55h under conditions of being 5.8；Wherein, in every kilogram of castoff, the addition of trichodermaharzianum
Amount is 1g, and the addition of bacillus subtilis is 8g, and the addition of candida utili is 0.5g, and the addition of spirulina is
10g。
S104：The product that fermentation obtains is uniformly mixed with nutriment, is then 300MPa, temperature 95 in pressure
DEG C, the time be 30min under conditions of carry out the first high pressure sterilization processing；It is later 200MPa in pressure, temperature is 105 DEG C, when
Between to carry out the second high pressure sterilization processing under conditions of 20min.Wherein, the raw material components of nutriment by weight, including：
15 parts by weight of wheat bran, 10 parts by weight of chlorella powder, 1 parts by weight of methionine, 0.8 parts by weight of folic acid, 1 parts by weight of sodium alginate,
3 parts by weight of 1 parts by weight of biotin and lily root flour；The preparation method of nutriment is：It is uniformly mixed after each material component is ground；
Wherein, the mass ratio of castoff and nutriment is 5:1.
S105：It is dried after the particle of 3mm is made using comminutor in the product that S104 is obtained, obtains feed.
Embodiment two
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method producing feed using castoff, includes the following steps：
S101：By castoff and calcium oxide and chlorella powder according to 100：1：5 mass ratio is uniformly mixed, and is passed through later
Carbon dioxide；Wherein, the intake of carbon dioxide is 200mL/h, time 15min.
S102：It is 800MHz in power, temperature is 105 DEG C, and the time is after the product that S101 is obtained is crushed to 200 mesh
The first microwave sterilization processing is carried out under conditions of 90s；Then it is 450MHz in power, temperature is 92 DEG C, and the time is the condition of 60s
The second microwave sterilization processing of lower progress；Be later 550MHz in power, temperature is 70 DEG C, the time be 100s under conditions of carry out the
The processing of three microwave sterilizations.
S103：Trichodermaharzianum, bacillus subtilis, candida utili and spirulina are added in the product that S102 is obtained
It it is 37 DEG C in temperature, pH value is fermented 50h under conditions of being 5.5；Wherein, in every kilogram of castoff, the addition of trichodermaharzianum
Amount is 2g, and the addition of bacillus subtilis is 5g, and the addition of candida utili is 1g, and the addition of spirulina is 5g.
S104：The product that fermentation obtains is uniformly mixed with nutriment, is then 250MPa, temperature 98 in pressure
DEG C, the time be 35min under conditions of carry out the first high pressure sterilization processing；It is later 230MPa in pressure, temperature is 110 DEG C, when
Between to carry out the second high pressure sterilization processing under conditions of 28min.Wherein, the raw material components of nutriment by weight, including：
30 parts by weight of wheat bran, 5 parts by weight of chlorella powder, 2 parts by weight of methionine, 0.2 parts by weight of folic acid, 3 parts by weight of sodium alginate, life
Object 0.5 parts by weight of element and 6 parts by weight of lily root flour；The preparation method of nutriment is：It is uniformly mixed after each material component is ground；
Wherein, the mass ratio of castoff and nutriment is 10:1.
S105：It is dried after the particle of 5mm is made using comminutor in the product that S104 is obtained, obtains feed.
Embodiment three
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method producing feed using castoff, includes the following steps：
S101：By castoff and calcium oxide and chlorella powder according to 200：1：1 mass ratio is uniformly mixed, and is passed through later
Carbon dioxide；Wherein, the intake of carbon dioxide is 50mL/h, time 30min.
S102：It is 750MHz in power, temperature is 90 DEG C, and the time is after the product that S101 is obtained is crushed to 200 mesh
The first microwave sterilization processing is carried out under conditions of 120s；Then it is 530MHz in power, temperature is 83 DEG C, and the time is the item of 130s
The second microwave sterilization processing is carried out under part；Later power be 650MHz, temperature be 85 DEG C, the time be 70s under conditions of carry out
The processing of third microwave sterilization.
S103：Trichodermaharzianum, bacillus subtilis, candida utili and spirulina are added in the product that S102 is obtained
It it is 25 DEG C in temperature, pH value is fermented 53h under conditions of being 6.8；Wherein, in every kilogram of castoff, the addition of trichodermaharzianum
Amount is 1g, and the addition of bacillus subtilis is 6g, and the addition of candida utili is 0.8g, and the addition of spirulina is
8g。
S104：The product that fermentation obtains is uniformly mixed with nutriment, is then 280MPa, temperature 93 in pressure
DEG C, the time be 25min under conditions of carry out the first high pressure sterilization processing；It is later 180MPa in pressure, temperature is 103 DEG C, when
Between to carry out the second high pressure sterilization processing under conditions of 15min.Wherein, the raw material components of nutriment by weight, including：
25 parts by weight of wheat bran, 8 parts by weight of chlorella powder, 1.5 parts by weight of methionine, 0.5 parts by weight of folic acid, 2 parts by weight of sodium alginate,
5 parts by weight of 0.7 parts by weight of biotin and lily root flour；The preparation method of nutriment is：It is mixed after each material component is ground equal
It is even；Wherein, the mass ratio of castoff and nutriment is 3:1.
S105：It is dried after the particle of 4mm is made using comminutor in the product that S104 is obtained, obtains feed.
Example IV
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method producing feed using castoff, includes the following steps：
S101：By castoff and calcium oxide and chlorella powder according to 150：1：3 mass ratio is uniformly mixed, and is passed through later
Carbon dioxide；Wherein, the intake of carbon dioxide is 100mL/h, time 20min.
S102：It is 780MHz in power, temperature is 100 DEG C, and the time is after the product that S101 is obtained is crushed to 100 mesh
The first microwave sterilization processing is carried out under conditions of 100s；Then it is 500MHz in power, temperature is 87 DEG C, and the time is the item of 110s
The second microwave sterilization processing is carried out under part；Later power be 600MHz, temperature be 80 DEG C, the time be 90s under conditions of carry out
The processing of third microwave sterilization.
S103：Trichodermaharzianum, bacillus subtilis, candida utili, spirulina are added in the product that S102 is obtained
And ammonium nitrate, and be 28 DEG C in temperature, pH value is fermented 55h under conditions of being 5.8；Wherein, healthy and free from worry in every kilogram of castoff
The addition of trichoderma is 1g, and the addition of bacillus subtilis is 8g, and the addition of candida utili is 0.5g, spirulina
Addition is 10g；The mass ratio of ammonium nitrate and castoff is 1：300.
S104：The product that fermentation obtains is uniformly mixed with nutriment, is then 300MPa, temperature 95 in pressure
DEG C, the time be 30min under conditions of carry out the first high pressure sterilization processing；It is later 200MPa in pressure, temperature is 105 DEG C, when
Between to carry out the second high pressure sterilization processing under conditions of 20min.Wherein, the raw material components of nutriment by weight, including：
15 parts by weight of wheat bran, 10 parts by weight of chlorella powder, 1 parts by weight of methionine, 0.8 parts by weight of folic acid, 1 parts by weight of sodium alginate,
3 parts by weight of 1 parts by weight of biotin and lily root flour；The preparation method of nutriment is：It is uniformly mixed after each material component is ground；
Wherein, the mass ratio of castoff and nutriment is 5:1.
S105：It is dried after the particle of 3mm is made using comminutor in the product that S104 is obtained, obtains feed.
Embodiment five
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method producing feed using castoff, includes the following steps：
S101：By castoff and calcium oxide and chlorella powder according to 100：1：5 mass ratio is uniformly mixed, and is passed through later
Carbon dioxide；Wherein, the intake of carbon dioxide is 200mL/h, time 15min.
S102：It is 800MHz in power, temperature is 105 DEG C, and the time is after the product that S101 is obtained is crushed to 200 mesh
The first microwave sterilization processing is carried out under conditions of 90s；Then it is 450MHz in power, temperature is 92 DEG C, and the time is the condition of 60s
The second microwave sterilization processing of lower progress；Be later 550MHz in power, temperature is 70 DEG C, the time be 100s under conditions of carry out the
The processing of three microwave sterilizations.
S103：Trichodermaharzianum, bacillus subtilis, candida utili, spirulina are added in the product that S102 is obtained
And ammonium nitrate, and be 37 DEG C in temperature, pH value is fermented 50h under conditions of being 5.5；Wherein, healthy and free from worry in every kilogram of castoff
The addition of trichoderma is 2g, and the addition of bacillus subtilis is 5g, and the addition of candida utili is 1g, and spirulina adds
It is 5g to enter amount；The mass ratio of ammonium nitrate and castoff is 1：100.
S104：The product that fermentation obtains is uniformly mixed with nutriment, is then 250MPa, temperature 98 in pressure
DEG C, the time be 35min under conditions of carry out the first high pressure sterilization processing；It is later 230MPa in pressure, temperature is 110 DEG C, when
Between to carry out the second high pressure sterilization processing under conditions of 28min.Wherein, the raw material components of nutriment by weight, including：
30 parts by weight of wheat bran, 5 parts by weight of chlorella powder, 2 parts by weight of methionine, 0.2 parts by weight of folic acid, 3 parts by weight of sodium alginate, life
Object 0.5 parts by weight of element and 6 parts by weight of lily root flour；The preparation method of nutriment is：It is uniformly mixed after each material component is ground；
Wherein, the mass ratio of castoff and nutriment is 10:1.
S105：It is dried after the particle of 5mm is made using comminutor in the product that S104 is obtained, obtains feed.
Embodiment six
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method producing feed using castoff, includes the following steps：
S101：By castoff and calcium oxide and chlorella powder according to 200：1：1 mass ratio is uniformly mixed, and is passed through later
Carbon dioxide；Wherein, the intake of carbon dioxide is 50mL/h, time 30min.
S102：It is 750MHz in power, temperature is 90 DEG C, and the time is after the product that S101 is obtained is crushed to 200 mesh
The first microwave sterilization processing is carried out under conditions of 120s；Then it is 530MHz in power, temperature is 83 DEG C, and the time is the item of 130s
The second microwave sterilization processing is carried out under part；Later power be 650MHz, temperature be 85 DEG C, the time be 70s under conditions of carry out
The processing of third microwave sterilization.
S103：Trichodermaharzianum, bacillus subtilis, candida utili, spirulina are added in the product that S102 is obtained
And ammonium nitrate, and be 25 DEG C in temperature, pH value is fermented 53h under conditions of being 6.8；Wherein, healthy and free from worry in every kilogram of castoff
The addition of trichoderma is 1g, and the addition of bacillus subtilis is 6g, and the addition of candida utili is 0.8g, spirulina
Addition is 8g；The mass ratio of ammonium nitrate and castoff is 1：500.
S104：The product that fermentation obtains is uniformly mixed with nutriment, is then 280MPa, temperature 93 in pressure
DEG C, the time be 25min under conditions of carry out the first high pressure sterilization processing；It is later 180MPa in pressure, temperature is 103 DEG C, when
Between to carry out the second high pressure sterilization processing under conditions of 15min.Wherein, the raw material components of nutriment by weight, including：
25 parts by weight of wheat bran, 8 parts by weight of chlorella powder, 1.5 parts by weight of methionine, 0.5 parts by weight of folic acid, 2 parts by weight of sodium alginate,
5 parts by weight of 0.7 parts by weight of biotin and lily root flour；The preparation method of nutriment is：It is mixed after each material component is ground equal
It is even；Wherein, the mass ratio of castoff and nutriment is 3:1.
S105：It is dried after the particle of 4mm is made using comminutor in the product that S104 is obtained, obtains feed.
Embodiment seven
Nutriment in the present embodiment is different from example IV, the same example IV of remaining parameter.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the raw material components of nutriment by weight, including：It is 15 parts by weight of wheat bran, small
10 parts by weight of ball algae powder, 1 parts by weight of methionine, 0.8 parts by weight of folic acid, 1 parts by weight of sodium alginate, 1 parts by weight of biotin, lily
3 parts by weight of powder, 5 parts by weight of 1 parts by weight of choline, 4 parts by weight of chlorella powder and matsutake mushroom.The preparation method of nutriment is：It will be each
Material component is uniformly mixed after grinding；Wherein, the mass ratio of castoff and nutriment is 5:1.
Embodiment eight
Nutriment in the present embodiment is different from embodiment five, remaining parameter is the same as embodiment five.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the raw material components of nutriment by weight, including：It is 30 parts by weight of wheat bran, small
5 parts by weight of ball algae powder, 2 parts by weight of methionine, 0.2 parts by weight of folic acid, 3 parts by weight of sodium alginate, 0.5 parts by weight of biotin, hundred
Close 6 parts by weight of powder, 8 parts by weight of 2 parts by weight of choline, 2 parts by weight of chlorella powder and matsutake mushroom；The preparation method of nutriment is：It will
Each material component is uniformly mixed after grinding；Wherein, the mass ratio of castoff and nutriment is 10:1.
Embodiment nine
Nutriment in the present embodiment is different from embodiment six, remaining parameter is the same as embodiment six.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the raw material components of nutriment by weight, including：It is 25 parts by weight of wheat bran, small
8 parts by weight of ball algae powder, 1.5 parts by weight of methionine, 0.5 parts by weight of folic acid, 2 parts by weight of sodium alginate, 0.7 parts by weight of biotin,
5 parts by weight of lily root flour, 6 parts by weight of 1 parts by weight of choline, 3 parts by weight of chlorella powder and matsutake mushroom.The preparation method of nutriment is：
It is uniformly mixed after each material component is ground；Wherein, the mass ratio of castoff and nutriment is 3:1.
In addition, in order to further highlight the advantage of preparation method provided by the invention, following contrast experiment is carried out；It is right below
It is all made of embodiment six than experiment and is used as benchmark, carries out the unitary variant experiment of relevant parameter on this basis.
Comparative example one
Leavening used in the comparative example is different from embodiment six, remaining parameter is the same as embodiment six.
Specifically, the leavening in this comparative example selects bacillus subtilis, candida utili.That is step S103 is：
Trichodermaharzianum, candida utili and ammonium nitrate are added in the product that S102 is obtained, and is 25 DEG C in temperature, pH value 6.8
Under conditions of ferment 53h；Wherein, in every kilogram of castoff, the addition of bacillus subtilis is 6g, candida utili
Addition be 0.8g；The mass ratio of ammonium nitrate and castoff is 1：500.
Comparative example two
Leavening used in the comparative example is different from embodiment six, remaining parameter is the same as embodiment six.
Specifically, the leavening in this comparative example selects bacillus subtilis, candida utili.That is step S103 is：
Bacillus subtilis, candida utili and ammonium nitrate are added in the product that S102 is obtained, and is 25 DEG C in temperature, pH value is
Ferment 53h under conditions of 6.8；Wherein, in every kilogram of castoff, the addition of bacillus subtilis is 6g, Candida utilis
The addition of yeast is 0.8g；The mass ratio of ammonium nitrate and castoff is 1：500.
Comparative example three
Fermentation time in the comparative example is set as 45h, remaining parameter is the same as embodiment six.
Specifically, step S103 is：It is false that trichodermaharzianum, bacillus subtilis, production protein are added in the product that S102 is obtained
Silk yeast, spirulina and ammonium nitrate, and be 25 DEG C in temperature, pH value are fermented 45h under conditions of being 6.8；Wherein, every kilogram of food
In waste, the addition of trichodermaharzianum is 1g, and the addition of bacillus subtilis is 6g, and the addition of candida utili is
The addition of 0.8g, spirulina are 8g；The mass ratio of ammonium nitrate and castoff is 1：500.
Comparative example four
Fermentation time in the comparative example is set as 60h, remaining parameter is the same as embodiment six.
Specifically, step S103 is：It is false that trichodermaharzianum, bacillus subtilis, production protein are added in the product that S102 is obtained
Silk yeast, spirulina and ammonium nitrate, and be 25 DEG C in temperature, pH value are fermented 60h under conditions of being 6.8；Wherein, every kilogram of food
In waste, the addition of trichodermaharzianum is 1g, and the addition of bacillus subtilis is 6g, and the addition of candida utili is
The addition of 0.8g, spirulina are 8g；The mass ratio of ammonium nitrate and castoff is 1：500.
Comparative example five
The first sterilization treatment in the comparative example is different from embodiment six, remaining parameter is the same as embodiment six.
Specifically, step S102 is：It is 800MHz in power, temperature is after the product that S101 is obtained is crushed to 200 mesh
105 DEG C, progress microwave sterilization processing under conditions of the time is 120s.
Comparative example six
The second sterilization treatment in the comparative example is different from embodiment six, remaining parameter is the same as embodiment six.
Specifically, step S104 is：The product that fermentation obtains is uniformly mixed with nutriment, is then in pressure
250MPa, temperature are 100 DEG C, progress high pressure sterilization processing under conditions of the time is 35min.
In addition, the feed that various embodiments of the present invention and comparative example are obtained, by function assessment experiment come its work(of system evaluation
Effect：
One, toxicity test
It is the small white mouse 150 (each 75 of male and female) of 18~22g to select weight, is divided into 15 groups, and each 5 of every group of male and female are distinguished
The feed that edible various embodiments of the present invention and comparative example are prepared, dosage 1g/kg, successive administration 30 days.Administration phase
Between and when 2 weeks after being discontinued, observe white mouse growth conditions and activity and diet, identify hematology, blood biochemical analysis, organ tissue structure
And routine urinalysis etc..As a result, it has been found that the health existence of all small white mouses, without any side effects；Be dissected and observed blood picture, liver function,
Each organs and tissues state, the indifference compared with normal small white mouse.It is demonstrated experimentally that feed provided by the invention is nontoxic, drug safety
Reliably.
Two, feed safety Indexs measure
In recent years, along with the attention of the food-safe property of people, feed provides main energetic and basic battalion as animal
The main substance for supporting substance is also severely restricted.Therefore, according to forage health standard GB13078-2001, inventor is to each
Harmful substance contents and content of microorganisms in the feed that embodiment obtains have carried out analysis detection.Each embodiment and comparative example
Harmful substance contents detection data is as shown in table 1；Content of microorganisms is detected, detection respectively places that (room temperature avoid light place is
Can) 1 month and 1 year when content, content of microorganisms detection data is respectively as shown in table 2 and table 3.
Harmful substance contents in 1 each embodiment and comparative example feed of table
Content of microorganisms in 2 each embodiment and comparative example feed of table (at 1 month)
Content of microorganisms in 3 each embodiment and comparative example feed of table (at 1 year)
As can be seen from Table 1, the feed being prepared using method provided by the invention, harmful substance contents are remote
Far below the allowance in national standard.It can be seen that the feeding being prepared using method provided by the invention from table 2 and 3 data of table
Material, content of microorganisms is far smaller than the allowance in national standard, and places 1 year, and content of microorganisms is still far smaller than permitting in national standard
Xu Liang.
Three, practical application performance detects
Selective body weighs about as carp fingerling similar in 30g or so and health status 1600 and is tested, by its average mark
It is 16 groups, every group 100.First group to the 9th group is used as experimental group, feeds respectively in the embodiment of the present invention one to embodiment nine
Feed；Tenth group and the 15th group as a control group, feeds the feed in comparative example one and comparative example six respectively；16th group
As a control group, it is fed using commercially available fish meal, twice daily (07:30 and 19:30).According to forage health standard aquatic feeds
Trophic level Q/QJ.SH-06-2009 measures the health status of carp in each embodiment and comparative example, specific data such as 3 institute of table
Show.Contain in addition, measuring the fish digestible energy of feed in each embodiment and comparative example, digestible protein content, crude fibre and available phosphorus
Amount, concrete outcome are as shown in table 4：
Performance test of the feed of 4 each embodiment of table and control group in feeding fish
As can be seen from Table 4, the feed that various embodiments of the present invention provide works well during feeding fish.
Certainly, the case where being enumerated in addition to embodiment one to embodiment nine, weight percent, the chopping mesh of other raw material components
Number, sterilising temp etc. are also possible.
Using the processing method of castoff provided by the invention, it is truly realized the nothing for the feed product that production obtains
Evilization ensure that the safety that castoff is applied as feed product, can meet market well to feed product
Quality requirement.The shortcomings that it not only avoids the non-timely processing of food refuse and grows germ, mosquito and peculiar smell, and can expire
Various nutriments needed for sufficient aquatic livestock will not generate any negative effect to aquatic livestock.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, term " first ", " second " are used for description purposes only, and cannot
It is interpreted as indicating or implies relative importance or implicitly indicate the quantity of indicated technical characteristic.Define as a result, " the
One ", the feature of " second " can explicitly or implicitly include one or more this feature.In the description of the present invention,
The meaning of " plurality " is two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.
In the description of this specification, reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " specifically show
The description of example " or " some examples " etc. means specific features, structure, material or spy described in conjunction with this embodiment or example
Point is included at least one embodiment or example of the invention.In the present specification, schematic expression of the above terms are not
It must be directed to identical embodiment or example.Moreover, particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be in office
It can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or example.In addition, without conflicting with each other, the skill of this field
Art personnel can tie the feature of different embodiments or examples described in this specification and different embodiments or examples
It closes and combines.
Although the embodiments of the present invention has been shown and described above, it is to be understood that above-described embodiment is example
Property, it is not considered as limiting the invention, those skilled in the art within the scope of the invention can be to above-mentioned
Embodiment is changed, changes, replacing and modification.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of leavening for castoff production feed, which is characterized in that including following raw material components：Healthy and free from worry wood
Mould, bacillus subtilis, candida utili and spirulina；
Wherein, the trichodermaharzianum, the bacillus subtilis, the candida utili and the spirulina mass ratio according to
Secondary is (1-2)：(5-8)：(0.5-1)：(5-10).
2. the leavening according to claim 1 for castoff production feed, which is characterized in that further include nitrogen
Source：
The nitrogen source is ammonium nitrate, and the mass ratio of the nitrogen source and the castoff is 1：(100-500).
3. a kind of method producing feed using castoff, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
S101：By castoff and calcium oxide and chlorella powder according to (100-200)：1：The mass ratio of (1-5) is uniformly mixed, it
After be passed through carbon dioxide；
S102：The first sterilization treatment is carried out after the product that the S101 is obtained is crushed；
S103：Claims 1 or 2 any one of them leavening is added in the product that the S102 is obtained to ferment；Its
In, in every kilogram of castoff, the addition of trichodermaharzianum is 1g-2g, and the addition of bacillus subtilis is 5g-8g, production
The addition of protein Candida is 0.5g-1g, and the addition of spirulina is 5g-10g；
S104：The obtained product that ferments is uniformly mixed with nutriment, carries out the second sterilization treatment later；
S105：It is dried after the product that the S104 is obtained is granulated, obtains feed.
4. the method according to claim 3 for producing feed using castoff, it is characterised in that：
In the S102, the first sterilization treatment includes that the processing of the first microwave sterilization, the processing of the second microwave sterilization and third microwave go out
Bacterium is handled；
Actual conditions are：The product that S101 is obtained in power is 750MHz-800MHz after crushing, and temperature is 90 DEG C -105 DEG C,
Time carries out the first microwave sterilization processing under conditions of being 90s-120s；Then it is 450MHz-530MHz, temperature 83 in power
DEG C -92 DEG C, the time be 60s-130s under conditions of carry out the second microwave sterilization processing；It is later 550MHz-650MHz in power,
Temperature is 70 DEG C -85 DEG C, progress third microwave sterilization processing under conditions of the time is 70s-100s.
5. the method according to claim 3 for producing feed using castoff, it is characterised in that：
In the S104, the second sterilization treatment includes the processing of the first high pressure sterilization and the processing of the second high pressure sterilization；
Actual conditions are：By it is described with the product of nutriment be after mixing 250MPa-300MPa, temperature 93 in pressure
DEG C -98 DEG C, the time be 25min-35min under conditions of carry out the first high pressure sterilization processing；It is later 180MPa- in pressure
230MPa, temperature be 103 DEG C -110 DEG C, the time be 15min-28min under conditions of carry out the second high pressure sterilization processing.
6. the method according to claim 3 for producing feed using castoff, it is characterised in that：
In the S103, the condition of the fermentation is specially：Temperature is 25 DEG C -37 DEG C, pH value 5.5-6.8, time 50h-
55h；
In the S101, the condition for being passed through carbon dioxide is specially：The intake of carbon dioxide is 50-200mL/h, time
For 15min-30min.
7. the method according to claim 3 for producing feed using castoff, it is characterised in that：
In the S104, the raw material components of the nutriment by weight, including：Wheat bran 15-30 parts by weight, chlorella
Powder 5-10 parts by weight, methionine 1-2 parts by weight, folic acid 0.2-0.8 parts by weight, sodium alginate 1-3 parts by weight, biotin 0.5-1
Parts by weight and lily root flour 3-6 parts by weight；The preparation method of the nutriment is：It is uniformly mixed after each raw material component is ground；
Wherein, the mass ratio of the castoff and the nutriment is (3-10):1.
8. the method according to claim 7 for producing feed using castoff, it is characterised in that：
In the S104, the raw material components of the nutriment further include choline 1-2 parts by weight, chlorella powder 2-4 by weight
Parts by weight and matsutake mushroom 5-8 parts by weight.
9. the feed being prepared according to claim 3-8 any one of them methods.
10. application of the feed in aquatic animal feed or aquatic animal feed additive described in claim 9.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109845881A (en) * | 2019-02-11 | 2019-06-07 | 固原宝发农牧有限责任公司 | A kind of fermentative feedstuff of microbe and preparation method thereof |
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2017
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109845881A (en) * | 2019-02-11 | 2019-06-07 | 固原宝发农牧有限责任公司 | A kind of fermentative feedstuff of microbe and preparation method thereof |
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