CN108390534B - Spoke type staggered rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric automobile and method thereof - Google Patents
Spoke type staggered rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric automobile and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108390534B CN108390534B CN201810332621.8A CN201810332621A CN108390534B CN 108390534 B CN108390534 B CN 108390534B CN 201810332621 A CN201810332621 A CN 201810332621A CN 108390534 B CN108390534 B CN 108390534B
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
- H02K21/145—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures having an annular armature coil
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
- H02K1/2766—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/02—Details
- H02K21/04—Windings on magnets for additional excitation ; Windings and magnets for additional excitation
- H02K21/042—Windings on magnets for additional excitation ; Windings and magnets for additional excitation with permanent magnets and field winding both rotating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
- H02K2201/03—Machines characterised by aspects of the air-gap between rotor and stator
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
Abstract
The application discloses a spoke type staggered rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor for an electric automobile and a method thereof, the spoke type staggered rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor comprises a stator and a rotor, the rotor is a spoke type built-in rotor, each rotor is divided into two sections, each section of rotor is provided with a plurality of staggered ribs, the two sections of rotor ribs form a certain staggered angle, the ribs of the two sections of rotors present opposite magnetic polarities, the ribs of each section of rotor are connected with a rotor yoke, the two sections of rotors are coaxially connected, the ribs of the rotors, the rotor yoke and a shaft are provided with magnetic fluxes passing through, the magnetic fluxes generated by permanent magnets flow through the ribs of the two sections of rotors, the rotor shaft and the yoke to form a closed magnetic circuit, an exciting winding is arranged between the two sections of rotors, and the magnitude and the direction of current of the exciting winding are controlled to control the magnitude of magnetic fluxes of each pole of the motor, so that mixed excitation of the motor is realized, the magnetic amplification operation or the weak magnetic expansion operation can be realized, and the economic operation range of the motor is remarkably widened.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a permanent magnet synchronous motor, in particular to a spoke type staggered permanent magnet rotor permanent magnet synchronous driving motor for an electric automobile and a method thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the improvement of the high temperature resistance and the reduction of the price of the permanent magnet material, the permanent magnet motor is widely applied to national defense, industry, agriculture and daily life, and is developing to the directions of high power, high functionality and microminiaturization, and the variety and application fields of the permanent magnet motor are continuously expanded. The power of the existing permanent magnet motor is from a few milliwatts to thousands of kilowatts, the application range is from a small toy motor to a large permanent magnet motor for ship traction, and the permanent magnet motor is widely applied to various aspects of national economy, daily life, military industry and aerospace. The main application is as follows:
(1) Household appliance: including television audio-visual equipment, fans, air-conditioning external hanging machines, food processing machines, range hoods and the like.
(2) Computer and peripheral devices thereof: including computers (drives, fans, etc.), printers, plotters, optical drives, optical disk recorders, scanners, etc.
(3) And (3) industrial production: including industrial drives, materials processing systems, automation equipment, robots, transmission systems, and the like.
(4) The automotive industry: the device comprises a permanent magnet starter, a wiper motor, a door lock motor, a seat lifting motor, a sunshade ceiling motor, a cleaning pump motor, a motor for a recorder, a glass lifting motor, a radiator cooling fan motor, an air conditioner motor, an antenna lifting motor, an oil pump motor, rearview mirror adjustment and the like.
(5) Public life area: including watches, beauty machines, vending machines, automatic teller machines, banknote counter, etc.
(6) Transportation field: including electric vehicles, aircraft auxiliary equipment, ships, etc.
(7) Space field: including rockets, satellites, spacecraft, space shuttles, etc.
(8) National defense field: including tanks, missiles, submarines, aircraft, etc.
(9) Medical field: including dental drills, artificial hearts, medical instruments, etc.
(10) Power generation field: the generator comprises wind power generation, waste heat generation, small hydroelectric generation, a generator for a small internal combustion generating set, an auxiliary exciter of a large generator and the like.
(11) Novel pure electric automobile field: under the current large trend of environmental protection and energy problem, the electric automobile has a trend of accelerating development in order to solve the defects of environmental pollution and non-renewable energy source use of the traditional automobile; meanwhile, the electric automobile is easy to realize intellectualization, and is beneficial to improving and enhancing the safety and the service performance of the automobile. The electric automobile has the requirements of good torque control capability, high torque density, reliable operation, large speed regulation range and the like on a driving system of the electric automobile, so that research and development of a high-level electric automobile driving motor have important significance.
Conventional permanent magnet motors are generally classified into the following 4 types: permanent magnet direct current motor, asynchronous start permanent magnet synchronous motor, permanent magnet brushless direct current motor and speed regulation permanent magnet synchronous motor.
The permanent magnet direct current motor is structurally different from the common direct current motor in that the permanent magnet direct current motor is free of an exciting winding and a magnetic pole core and replaced by a permanent magnet magnetic pole, has the characteristics of simple structure, high reliability, high efficiency, small volume, light weight and the like, and most of the permanent magnet direct current motors are miniature motors and are widely applied to electric toys, household appliances and automobile industries, wherein the application in the automobile industry is the fastest.
The brushless DC motor and the speed-regulating permanent magnet synchronous motor are basically identical in structure, multiphase windings are arranged on a stator, permanent magnets are arranged on a rotor, and the main difference of the brushless DC motor and the speed-regulating permanent magnet synchronous motor is that the brushless DC motor realizes self-synchronization according to rotor position information. Their advantages are: the brush commutator is canceled, and the reliability is improved; the loss is mainly generated by the stator, and the heat dissipation condition is good; the volume is small and the weight is light.
The structural difference between the asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor and the speed regulating permanent magnet synchronous motor is that: the rotor has a starting winding or an integral iron core with a starting function, can be started automatically, and can run on a power grid without a control system.
The speed-regulating permanent magnet synchronous motor can be divided into a surface type rotor structure and a built-in type rotor structure according to the difference of the placement modes of the permanent magnets on the rotor:
in the surface type rotor structure, a permanent magnet is processed into an arc shape and is directly fixed on the outer surface of a rotor, the permanent magnet directly faces an air gap of a motor, and magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet directly enters a stator through the air gap to form effective magnetic flux; compared with the built-in rotor structure, the permanent magnet in the surface type rotor structure is directly arranged on the surface of the rotor, the permanent magnet needs to be processed into an arc shape matched with the rotor and the air gap to ensure that a uniform air gap is formed, and the permanent magnet material is complicated in accurate processing due to the fragile characteristic, and has high requirements on processing technology and high cost. In addition, as the permanent magnet is directly arranged on the surface of the rotor, when the motor runs, the outside of the permanent magnet is required to be wound with a weft-free belt for binding and fixing under the action of centrifugal force, so that the permanent magnet is prevented from falling off and being damaged when the rotor rotates at a high speed; because the air gap magnetic density of the permanent magnet is in direct proportion to the width of the permanent magnet, when the width of the permanent magnet is determined, the empty air gap magnetic density of the motor is determined, and when the design is actually carried out, the permanent magnet of the motor is wideThe degree is limited by the empty air gap flux density; because the permanent magnet directly faces the motor air gap, i is adopted when the motor needs weak magnetic expansion speed control d When the magnetic flux is not equal to 0, the magnetic flux generated by the armature winding directly passes through the permanent magnet, and the permanent magnet is subjected to irreversible demagnetization; because the magnetic permeability of the permanent magnet material is very close to that of air, the reactance of d axis and q axis in the surface rotor structure are equal, when the motor operates, the motor only depends on the interaction of the permanent magnet field and the armature field to generate torque, and can not generate reluctance torque, and the torque density and the power density of the motor are lower than those of the built-in rotor structure; the surface rotor structure cannot place a starting cage on the outer side of the rotor, and the motor cannot realize self-starting.
In the built-in rotor structure, the permanent magnets are embedded into the rotor core according to certain requirements, magnetic flux is generated in the core by the permanent magnets, the embedded forms of the permanent magnets in the built-in rotor structure are various, and the permanent magnets can be combined in series and parallel according to different requirements to realize a magnetism gathering effect, so that the actual performance requirement is met; compared with the surface type rotor structure, the permanent magnet in the built-in rotor structure is not directly arranged on the surface of the rotor, but is embedded into the rotor core in a certain mode, the permanent magnet does not directly face the motor air gap, the permanent magnet is fixed by virtue of the permanent magnet groove in the rotor, no weft tape binding and fixing are needed, the mechanical structure of the rotor is good in integrity, and the reliability is high when the motor rotates at a high speed; the permanent magnets can realize the magnetic focusing effect through the flexible combination of serial connection and parallel connection, so that the air gap flux density which is much larger than that of the surface type rotor structure can be obtained, and the power density and the torque density of the motor are higher than those of the surface type rotor structure; the pole arc coefficient and the air gap flux density of the motor are not directly related, and can be respectively and independently set during design; in overload conditions, the risk of demagnetization can be reduced, since the permanent magnet does not directly face the air gap.
The existing permanent magnet synchronous motor has the following technical defects:
1. the permanent magnet magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is fixed, the main magnetic flux is determined after the motor is manufactured, the magnetic flux of each pole of the motor can not be controlled, the constant power operation range is narrow, and the speed regulation range is not wide enough.
2. According to the different paths of d-axis magnetic flux in the weak magnetic process, the permanent magnet synchronous motor with the existing built-in rotor structure can be divided into two types, wherein the d-axis magnetic flux generated by an armature winding can pass through a permanent magnet of the motor to cause irreversible demagnetization of the permanent magnet when the weak magnetic control is carried out, and the d-axis magnetic flux generated by the armature winding is not closed by the permanent magnet when the weak magnetic control is carried out, but more rotor magnetic flux is forced to be closed by the end part and an end cover of the motor by a magnetic field generated by d-axis current, so that the leakage magnetic flux of the motor is obviously increased, and the magnetic resistance of the end part of the motor is usually much larger than that of an air gap, so that the d-axis current required by the weak magnetic control is larger, and the cost and the copper consumption of the winding of the motor power inverter are obviously increased.
3. When the existing permanent magnet synchronous motor is used for carrying out flux weakening speed regulation, vector control is still adopted in a speed regulation system, and the stator armature current is usually controlled through a controller, so that the flux weakening of the motor is not regulated from the structure of a body, the flux weakening performance of the motor is not ideal, and the cost and the control difficulty of the controller are increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the application provides a spoke type staggered permanent magnet rotor permanent magnet synchronous driving motor for an electric automobile and a method thereof, wherein a rotor part of the motor is divided into two sections, each section of rotor is provided with a plurality of rib structures which are distributed in a staggered way and is connected with a rotor yoke part, the ribs of the two sections of rotors are staggered by a certain angle, so that the ribs of the same section of rotor present the same magnetic polarity, the ribs of the two sections of rotors present opposite magnetic polarity, and partial magnetic fluxes generated by the permanent magnets can pass through the staggered ribs and the rotor yoke part to form a closed magnetic circuit; the yokes of the two sections of rotors are connected together through a rotor connecting shaft, exciting windings are arranged on the yokes of the rotors, and the magnetic flux passing through the motor rib is regulated by controlling the current and the direction of the exciting windings, so that the magnetic flux of each pole of the motor can be controlled, and the hybrid excitation of the motor is realized.
The technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:
the spoke type staggered rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor for the electric automobile comprises a stator and a rotor, wherein the rotor is arranged in the stator and is coaxially arranged with the stator, and an armature winding is arranged on the stator;
the rotor is formed by splicing two sections of rotors, each section of rotor comprises a rotor yoke and a plurality of ribs which are distributed in a staggered way and are connected with the rotor yoke, the ribs of the two sections of rotors are staggered by a certain angle, so that the ribs of the two sections of rotors present opposite magnetic polarities, the rotor yokes of the two sections of rotors are connected together through a rotor connecting shaft, a permanent magnet is arranged in each section of rotor, and a part of magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet forms a closed magnetic circuit through the ribs of the two sections of rotors, the rotor yoke and the rotor connecting shaft between the two sections of rotors; and an exciting winding is arranged on the rotor connecting shaft, and the magnetic flux of a closed magnetic circuit is formed through the rib parts of the two sections of rotors, the rotor yoke parts and the rotor connecting shaft between the two sections of rotors by applying current to the exciting winding, so that the magnetic flux of each pole of the motor is controlled, and the hybrid excitation of the motor is realized.
Further, the ribs of the two sections of rotors are staggered by 360/2p degrees, wherein p is the pole pair number of the motor.
Further, the stator is formed by laminating silicon steel sheets and comprises stator grooves, stator teeth and stator yokes, and armature windings are arranged in the stator grooves.
Furthermore, the armature winding is a single-layer winding or a double-layer winding, the motor phase number m is more than or equal to 3, and the pole pair number p is more than or equal to 1; the number of poles of the armature winding is the same as the number of poles of the rotor poles.
Further, a plurality of rotor grooves are further formed in each section of rotor, permanent magnets are placed in the rotor grooves, magnetizing directions of two adjacent permanent magnets are opposite, radial magnetic poles are generated by the two adjacent permanent magnets and a rotor core between the two adjacent permanent magnets along the radial direction, the radial magnetic poles face a stator of the motor, an air gap is formed between the radial magnetic poles and the rotor, one part of magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnets forms a closed magnetic circuit through ribs of the two sections of rotors, a rotor yoke part and a rotor connecting shaft between the two sections of rotors, and the other part of magnetic flux enters the stator core through the air gap through the radial magnetic poles to be crosslinked with an armature winding to form main magnetic flux.
Further, the main magnetic flux interacts with the magnetic field generated by the armature winding to generate torque.
Further, the ribs of each segment of the rotor are the same as the pole pair numbers of the motor, and the number of rotor slots is twice the pole pair numbers of the motor.
Further, when the motor normally operates, the current of the exciting winding on the yoke part of the rotor is reduced to reduce the magnetic flux flowing through the air gap of the stator and the rotor, so that the main magnetic flux of the motor is reduced, and the weak magnetic expansion speed is realized.
According to the torque driving method of the spoke type staggered rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor for the electric automobile, the stator generates driving torque, and the exciting winding on the rotor yoke part realizes the hybrid excitation function, and specifically comprises the following steps:
when the motor works normally, exciting windings on the rotor connecting shafts apply exciting currents, magnetic fluxes generated by the permanent magnets are reduced, magnetic fluxes of a closed magnetic circuit are formed through the rib parts of the two sections of rotors, the rotor yoke parts and the rotor connecting shafts between the two sections of rotors, and main magnetic fluxes of the motor are increased;
when the motor needs to perform field weakening operation, field weakening current is applied to the field excitation winding on the rotor connecting shaft, magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnets is increased, and a closed magnetic circuit is formed by the rib parts of the two sections of rotors, the rotor yoke parts and the rotor connecting shaft between the two sections of rotors, so that main magnetic flux of the motor is reduced, and field weakening control is realized.
Meanwhile, the motor can operate without applying exciting winding current on the yoke part, at the moment, a part of magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet passes through the rib parts of the two sections of rotors, the rotor yoke part and the rotor connecting shaft between the two sections of rotors to form a closed magnetic circuit, and the part of magnetic flux forms main magnetic flux of the motor, and the operation mode is the same as that of the common motor.
An electric automobile comprises the spoke type staggered permanent magnet rotor permanent magnet synchronous driving motor for the electric automobile.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The rotor of the motor is a spoke type staggered built-in permanent magnet rotor, and the rotor structure is different from the existing built-in rotor structure in that the existing spoke type built-in rotor is characterized in that the permanent magnet is fixed, and after the permanent magnet is determined, the magnetic flux of each pole of the motor is determined. The rotor of the motor is composed of two sections of rotors, each section of rotor is provided with staggered ribs and is connected with a rotor yoke part, the ribs of the two sections of rotors are staggered by a certain angle, so that magnetic fluxes generated by permanent magnets form a closed magnetic circuit through the staggered rotor ribs and the rotor yoke part, an excitation winding is arranged on the rotor yoke part, and the winding can apply current to control the quantity of the magnetic fluxes passing through the rotor ribs, thereby controlling the magnetic fluxes of each pole of the motor and flexibly realizing a mixed excitation function;
(2) The rotor connecting shaft of the motor is provided with the exciting winding capable of applying current, the main magnetic flux of the motor is controlled by controlling the magnitude and the direction of the applied current on the exciting winding, and the exciting winding is not electrified when the motor operates under the rated condition through reasonable design, so that the exciting loss of the rated operating point of the motor is obviously reduced, and the operating efficiency of the motor is improved;
(3) The spoke type staggered permanent magnet rotor used for the motor is of a common built-in rotor structure, only adopts a segmented structure, has simple manufacturing process and is easy to actually process and manufacture, the structural complexity and the manufacturing cost of the motor are lower than those of the existing permanent magnet motor with the mixed excitation structure, and the mechanical structure of the motor is good in integration, so that high running speed can be realized.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application.
FIG. 1 is a front view of the motor rotor structure of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the motor rotor structure of the present application;
FIG. 3 is an exploded, isometric view of the motor rotor structure and field windings on the rotor yoke of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the overall structure of the motor of the present application;
in the figure, 1, a first-stage rotor, 2, a rib of the first-stage rotor, 3, a rib of the second-stage rotor, 4, a rotor slot, 5, a rotor yoke, 6, a second-stage rotor, 7, an exciting winding inside the rotor rib, 8, a stator, 9, stator teeth, 10, a stator slot, 11, an armature winding, 12, a permanent magnet, 13 and a rotor connecting shaft.
Detailed Description
The application will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the application. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
As described in the background art, in the prior art, the magnetic flux of each pole of the motor cannot be controlled, the constant power operation range is narrow, the speed regulation range is not wide enough, the cost of the motor power inverter and the copper consumption of windings are increased, the weak magnetic performance of the motor is not ideal, the cost of the controller is increased, and the control difficulty is increased.
In an exemplary embodiment of the application, a spoke type staggered rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor for an electric automobile is provided, and the spoke type staggered rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor comprises a stator and a rotor, wherein the rotor is arranged in the stator in a built-in manner and is coaxially arranged with the stator, and an armature winding is arranged on the stator;
the rotor is formed by splicing two sections of rotors, each section of rotor comprises a rotor yoke part and p rib parts which are distributed in a staggered manner and are connected with the rotor yoke part, and p is the pole pair number of the motor; the ribs of the two sections of rotors are staggered by a certain angle, the staggered degree is 360/2p degrees relative to the pole number, so that the ribs of the same section of rotors have the same magnetic polarity, the ribs of different sections of rotors have opposite magnetic polarities, the rotor yokes of the two sections of rotors are connected together through the rotor connecting shaft, and the ribs of the two sections of rotors, the rotor yokes and the rotor connecting shaft between the two sections of rotors form a closed magnetic circuit; the permanent magnets are arranged in the rotor, and a part of magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnets forms a closed magnetic circuit through the rib parts of the two sections of rotors, the rotor yoke parts and the rotor connecting shaft between the two sections of rotors; and an exciting winding is arranged on the rotor connecting shaft, and the magnetic flux of a closed magnetic circuit is formed through the rib parts of the two sections of rotors, the rotor yoke parts and the rotor connecting shaft between the two sections of rotors by applying current to the exciting winding, so that the magnetic flux of each pole of the motor is controlled, and the hybrid excitation of the motor is realized.
When the motor is in operation, the main magnetic flux of the motor in operation can be dynamically regulated by applying current to the exciting winding, so that the control of the magnetic flux is realized.
Further, the stator is formed by laminating silicon steel sheets and comprises stator grooves, stator teeth and stator yokes, and armature windings are arranged in the stator grooves.
Furthermore, the armature winding is a single-layer winding or a double-layer winding, the motor phase number m is more than or equal to 3, and the pole pair number p is more than or equal to 1; the number of poles of the armature winding is the same as the number of poles of the rotor poles.
Furthermore, each section of rotor is also provided with a plurality of rotor grooves, permanent magnets are placed in the rotor grooves, the permanent magnets realize a 'magnetism gathering effect' through series-parallel combination, and magnetic poles are generated on the rotor; the magnetizing directions of two adjacent permanent magnets are opposite, radial magnetic poles are generated by the adjacent two permanent magnets and a rotor core between the two permanent magnets along the radial direction, the radial magnetic poles face a stator of the motor, an air gap is arranged between the radial magnetic poles and a rotor, one part of magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnets forms a closed magnetic circuit through ribs of two sections of rotors, a rotor yoke part and a rotor connecting shaft between the two sections of rotors, and the other part of magnetic flux enters the stator core through the radial magnetic poles and is interlinked with an armature winding through the air gap to form main magnetic flux; the main flux interacts with the magnetic field generated by the armature winding to produce torque.
Furthermore, when the motor normally operates, the magnetic flux flowing through the air gap of the stator and the rotor can be reduced by reducing the current of the exciting winding on the rotor connecting shaft, so that the main magnetic flux of the motor is reduced, the weak magnetic speed expansion is realized, and the constant power operation range of the motor is effectively enlarged.
As shown in fig. 4, the motor has 3 phases, 36 stator teeth, 6 rotor grooves, 6 ribs on both sides of the rotor, 6 permanent magnet blocks and 6 magnetic poles; the motor comprises a stator, a rotor and an excitation winding on a rotor connecting shaft; the stator 8 is formed by laminating silicon steel sheets, the stator 8 comprises stator teeth 9, stator grooves 10 and stator yoke parts, armature windings 11 are arranged in the stator grooves 10, the armature windings 11 can be divided into distributed windings, concentrated windings or lap windings, the number of poles of the armature windings is consistent with that of the magnetic poles of the rotor, the stator and the rotor are coaxial, and an air gap is formed between the radial stator and the rotor; as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the rotor part of the motor is divided into two sections, the two sections of the same rotors are spliced, each section of the rotor is provided with 3 rib structures which are distributed in a staggered way and are connected with a rotor yoke part 5, the pole pair number of the motor is 3, the rotor yoke parts 5 of the two sections of the rotors are connected through the same rotor connecting shaft 13, the rib parts 3 of the second section of the rotor are staggered with the rib parts 2 of the first section of the rotor by 60 degrees (6-pole motor in the example drawing), thus a staggered rib structure is formed at the end shaft part of the rotor, each section of the rotor is provided with 6 rotor grooves 4 which can be used for accommodating permanent magnets 12, the magnetizing directions of two adjacent permanent magnets 12 are opposite, the adjacent permanent magnets and a rotor core between the two permanent magnets generate radial magnetic poles in the radial direction, and a part of magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnets enters the stator core through the radial magnetic poles and is crosslinked with an armature winding to form main magnetic flux; on the rotor, the other part of magnetic flux can form a closed magnetic circuit through the rib 2 of the staggered first section rotor, the rib 3 of the second section rotor and the rotor connecting shaft between the two end rotors; as shown in fig. 3, when the motor is running, by applying current to the exciting winding 7 on the rotor connecting shaft, current for reducing the magnetic flux of the rotor rib can be applied, and at the moment, most of the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet forms the main magnetic flux of the motor, so that the magnetic flux of each pole of the motor is kept at a higher level, and weak magnetic current can be applied to the exciting winding 7, at the moment, more magnetic flux flows through the staggered rotor ribs 2 and 3 to form a closed magnetic circuit, and the magnetic flux passing through the air gap of the stator and the rotor is reduced, so that the main magnetic flux of the motor is reduced, thereby realizing weak magnetic control, widening the constant power running area of the motor, and realizing mixed excitation of the motor through the exciting winding on the rotor yoke.
In the above embodiment, the stator 8 may be made of a soft magnetic composite material with high magnetic permeability, the rotor is a solid rotor, the solid rotor has high magnetic permeability, the permanent magnets 12 are placed in the solid rotor, the rotor is in a permanent magnet built-in structure, the permanent magnets are arranged according to a certain combination to realize a magnetism gathering effect, radial magnetic poles are formed in the radial direction of the rotor, magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnets can enter an air gap in the radial direction, and the solid rotor can generate eddy current when the motor is started to realize self-starting.
The permanent magnet 12 is a high performance permanent magnet material such as neodymium iron boron, rare earth cobalt, or a low performance permanent magnet material such as alnico or ferrite.
When the permanent magnet synchronous motor works and the motor is not in no-load current, part of magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet enters the stator core through the radial magnetic poles and is interlinked with the armature winding to form main magnetic flux, and the other part of magnetic flux passes through the two sections of rotor staggered ribs, the rotor yoke and a closed magnetic circuit formed by a rotor connecting shaft between the two sections of rotors, and the size of the magnetic flux passing through the ribs can be controlled through the current size and the direction of the exciting winding on the rotor connecting shaft. When the motor current belt runs, the working mode is as follows: after the stator winding is applied with current, the main magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet on the rotor of the motor and the armature winding generate driving torque, and at the moment, the motor rotor starts to rotate, and meanwhile, the current can be applied to the current winding in the rib part of the motor rotor, so that two effects of magnetic enhancement operation or weak magnetic speed expansion operation can be realized, the operation range of the motor is effectively widened, and the hybrid excitation of the motor is realized.
The practical application of the motor is that various different performances are realized by reasonably designing various parameters of the motor such as the length of an air gap, the number of turns of a stator armature winding and the number of turns of a rotor built-in current winding according to the rated rotation speed, rated torque and specific performance requirements of the motor.
While the foregoing description of the embodiments of the present application has been presented in conjunction with the drawings, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the scope of the application, but rather, it is intended to cover all modifications or variations within the scope of the application as defined by the claims of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. The spoke type staggered rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor for the electric automobile is characterized by comprising a stator and a rotor, wherein the rotor is arranged in the stator and is coaxially arranged with the stator, and an armature winding is arranged on the stator;
the rotor is formed by splicing two sections of rotors, each section of rotor comprises a rotor yoke and a plurality of ribs which are distributed in a staggered way and are connected with the rotor yoke, the ribs of the two sections of rotors are staggered by a certain angle, so that the ribs of the two sections of rotors present opposite magnetic polarities, the rotor yokes of the two sections of rotors are connected together through a rotor connecting shaft, a permanent magnet is arranged in each section of rotor, and a part of magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet forms a closed magnetic circuit through the ribs of the two sections of rotors, the rotor yoke and the rotor connecting shaft between the two sections of rotors; an excitation winding is arranged on the rotor connecting shaft, and the magnetic flux of a closed magnetic circuit is formed through the rib parts of the two sections of rotors, the rotor yoke parts and the rotor connecting shaft between the two sections of rotors by applying current to the excitation winding, so that the magnetic flux of each pole of the motor is controlled, and the hybrid excitation of the motor is realized;
when the motor normally operates, the current of the exciting winding on the rotor connecting shaft is reduced to reduce the magnetic flux flowing through the stator and rotor air gap, so that the main magnetic flux of the motor is reduced, and the weak magnetic expansion speed is realized.
2. The electric vehicle spoke type alternating rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1, wherein the angle of staggering of the ribs of the two sections of rotors is 360/2p degrees, wherein p is the pole pair number of the motor.
3. The spoke type alternating rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor for an electric automobile according to claim 1, wherein the stator is formed by laminating silicon steel sheets and comprises stator slots, stator teeth and stator yokes, and armature windings are arranged in the stator slots.
4. The spoke type staggered rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor for the electric automobile according to claim 1, wherein the armature winding is a single-layer winding or a double-layer winding, the motor phase number m is more than or equal to 3, and the pole pair number p is more than or equal to 1; the number of poles of the armature winding is the same as the number of poles of the rotor poles.
5. The spoke type staggered rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor for the electric automobile according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of rotor grooves are further formed in each section of rotor, permanent magnets are placed in the rotor grooves, magnetizing directions of two adjacent permanent magnets are opposite, radial magnetic poles are generated by the two adjacent permanent magnets and rotor cores between the two adjacent permanent magnets along the radial direction, the radial magnetic poles face a stator of the motor, an air gap is formed between each radial magnetic pole and the rotor, a part of magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnets forms a closed magnetic circuit through ribs of the two sections of rotors, rotor yoke parts and rotor connecting shafts between the two sections of rotors, and the other part of magnetic flux enters the stator cores through the air gap to be crosslinked with an armature winding through the radial magnetic poles to form main magnetic flux.
6. The electric automobile spoke type alternating rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 5, wherein the main magnetic flux interacts with a magnetic field generated by an armature winding to generate torque.
7. The electric vehicle spoke type alternating rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1, wherein the rib of each section of the rotor is identical to the pole pair number of the motor, and the number of the rotor grooves of each section of the rotor is equal to twice the pole pair number of the motor.
8. The torque driving method of a spoke type alternate rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor for an electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the stator generates a driving torque, and the exciting winding on the rotor yoke implements a hybrid exciting function, specifically comprising:
when the motor works normally, exciting windings on the rotor connecting shafts apply exciting currents, magnetic fluxes generated by the permanent magnets are reduced, magnetic fluxes of a closed magnetic circuit are formed through the rib parts of the two sections of rotors, the rotor yoke parts and the rotor connecting shafts between the two sections of rotors, and main magnetic fluxes of the motor are increased;
when the motor needs to perform field weakening operation, field weakening current is applied to the field excitation winding on the rotor connecting shaft, so that magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnets is increased, and the magnetic flux of a closed magnetic circuit formed by the rib parts of the two sections of rotors, the rotor yoke parts and the rotor connecting shaft between the two sections of rotors is reduced, and the main magnetic flux of the motor is reduced, so that field weakening control is realized.
9. An electric vehicle, characterized by comprising a spoke type alternating rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor for an electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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| CN201810332621.8A CN108390534B (en) | 2018-04-13 | 2018-04-13 | Spoke type staggered rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric automobile and method thereof |
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| CN201810332621.8A CN108390534B (en) | 2018-04-13 | 2018-04-13 | Spoke type staggered rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric automobile and method thereof |
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