CN108383675A - 一种聚3-羟基丁酸酯制备丙烯的催化转化方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种聚3‑羟基丁酸酯制备丙烯的催化转化方法,步骤如下:将聚3‑羟基丁酸酯、催化剂十二羰基三钌置于高温高压反应釜中,在220‑240 ℃下反应2‑6 h,得到丙烯气体。本发明能够在温和温度(220‑240 ℃)条件下把可再生的聚3‑羟基丁酸酯转化为丙烯,但不会催化丙烯聚合,因此得到高产率丙烯,此技术工艺流程简单、操作方便,具有工业化应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及催化制备领域,具体涉及一种聚3-羟基丁酸酯制备丙烯的催化转化方法。
背景技术
丙烯(C3H6)是一种重要的气体化学品,是三大合成材料的基本原料,广泛应用于生产聚丙烯、丙烯腈、异丙醇、丙酮和环氧丙烷等。目前丙烯主要是通过以石油、天然气和煤等化石燃料通过多步化学反应工艺制取。由于化石燃料的日益枯竭和不可再生性和制备丙烯过程中所需要的复杂工艺,开发一种可再生原料和一种简单反应工艺来制备丙烯具有重要意义。
聚3-羟基丁酸酯广泛存在于多种微生物中,是微生物体内的贮能载体。它是微生物在不平衡生长条件下储存于细胞内的一种天然高分子聚合物,是由β-羟基丁酸聚合而成的直链型脂质化合物,其结构单体为是巴豆酸(C4H6O2)。通过微生物发酵,聚3-羟基丁酸酯在微生物体内可以占细胞干重的80%以上。聚3-羟基丁酸酯已经成为一种重要的可再生物质资源,目前主要应用于生物医学领域(如可用作外科手术缝合线及药物释放体系的载体、骨移植的替代材料)和可降解材料领域(如可降解塑料、包装材料)等。从聚3-羟基丁酸酯的结构单体巴豆酸可以看出,以聚3-羟基丁酸酯为原料通过热解脱羧生成二氧化碳和丙烯。但聚3-羟基丁酸酯脱羧涉及到碳碳键的断裂,导致常规的热解方法需要较高的反应温度(>300度),且丙烯在高温下很容易转化而导致其产率极低。因此,开发一种绿色环保且重复使用性能好的催化剂,在温和反应条件下通过简单工艺把聚3-羟基丁酸酯催化转化为高产率的丙烯具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明提出一种在温和温度下一步反应把可再生的聚3-羟基丁酸酯催化转化为高产率丙烯的方法;该方法聚3-羟基丁酸酯完全转化,丙烯产率高,反应温度温和,工艺简单且绿化环保,催化剂重复使用性能好。
实现本发明的技术方案是:一种聚3-羟基丁酸酯制备丙烯的催化转化方法,步骤如下:将聚3-羟基丁酸酯、催化剂十二羰基三钌置于高温高压反应釜中,在220-240 ℃下反应2-6 h,得到丙烯气体。
所述高温高压反应釜反应密闭前通入氮气排除反应釜内的空气。
所述十二羰基三钌与聚3-羟基丁酸酯的质量比为1:(5-20)。
所述步骤(1)反应完后将催化剂分离出来,重复使用。
本发明的有益效果是:(1)在温和温度(220-240 ℃)条件下把可再生的聚3-羟基丁酸酯转化为丙烯,但不会催化丙烯聚合,因此得到高产率丙烯,此技术工艺流程简单、操作方便,具有工业化应用前景;(2)3-羟基丁酸酯转化率可达100 %,丙烯气体产率可高达理论产率的50 %左右,此外还可以得到少量丙烷、乙烯等重要工业气体产品(见图1);(3)十二羰基三钌催化剂无酸碱腐蚀性、绿色环保,催化剂重复使用四次后没有失活。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例1中聚3-羟基丁酸酯反应后烃类气体组分气相色谱分析。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有付出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种聚3-羟基丁酸酯制备丙烯的催化转化方法,步骤如下:
(1)取30 g聚3-羟基丁酸酯和3 g十二羰基三钌催化剂放入350 mL高温高压耐酸反应釜中并混合均匀,通入氮气排除反应釜中空气,密闭反应釜。程序升温45分钟到240度,并在240度恒温保持6个小时,反应完后冷却至室温,聚3-羟基丁酸酯100 %转化,丙烯质量产率23 %。
(2)把所述使用后的十二羰基三钌催化剂进行重复使用步骤如下:
把所述使用后的十二羰基三钌催化剂在通分橱风干,所述风干催化剂与30 g新鲜的聚3-羟基丁酸酯倒入350 mL高温高压反应耐酸釜中并混合均匀,通入氮气排除反应釜中空气,密闭反应釜。程序升温45分钟到240度,并在240度恒温保持6个小时,反应完后冷却至室温。把所述使用后的催化剂在通分橱风干,依此类推再次进行重复使用,催化剂连续使用四次后丙烯质量产率仍然高达22 %。
实施例2
一种聚3-羟基丁酸酯制备丙烯的催化转化方法,步骤如下:
取30 g聚3-羟基丁酸酯和6 g十二羰基三钌催化剂放入350 mL高温高压耐酸反应釜中并混合均匀,通入氮气排除反应釜中空气,密闭反应釜。程序升温到240度,并在240度恒温保持4个小时,反应完后冷却至室温,得到丙烯气体,质量产率25 %。
实施例3
一种聚3-羟基丁酸酯制备丙烯的催化转化方法,步骤如下:
取30 g聚3-羟基丁酸酯和1.5 g十二羰基三钌催化剂放入350 mL高温高压耐酸反应釜中并混合均匀,通入氮气排除反应釜中空气,密闭反应釜。程序升温到240度,并在240度恒温保持6个小时,反应完后冷却至室温,得到丙烯气体。
实施例4
一种聚3-羟基丁酸酯制备丙烯的催化转化方法,步骤如下:
取30 g聚3-羟基丁酸酯和5 g十二羰基三钌催化剂放入350 mL高温高压耐酸反应釜中并混合均匀,通入氮气排除反应釜中空气,密闭反应釜。程序升温到230度,并在230度恒温保持2个小时,反应完后冷却至室温,得到丙烯气体。
实施例5
一种聚3-羟基丁酸酯制备丙烯的催化转化方法,步骤如下:
取30 g聚3-羟基丁酸酯和4 g十二羰基三钌催化剂放入350 mL高温高压耐酸反应釜中并混合均匀,通入氮气排除反应釜中空气,密闭反应釜。程序升温到220度,并在220度恒温保持5个小时,反应完后冷却至室温,得到丙烯气体。
实施例6
一种聚3-羟基丁酸酯制备丙烯的催化转化方法,步骤如下:
取30 g聚3-羟基丁酸酯和2 g十二羰基三钌催化剂放入350 mL高温高压耐酸反应釜中并混合均匀,通入氮气排除反应釜中空气,密闭反应釜。程序升温到230度,并在230度恒温保持3个小时,反应完后冷却至室温,得到丙烯气体。
实施例7
一种聚3-羟基丁酸酯制备丙烯的催化转化方法,步骤如下:
取30 g聚3-羟基丁酸酯和5 g十二羰基三钌催化剂放入350 mL高温高压耐酸反应釜中并混合均匀,通入氮气排除反应釜中空气,密闭反应釜。程序升温到220度,并在220度恒温保持2个小时,反应完后冷却至室温,得到丙烯气体。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种聚3-羟基丁酸酯制备丙烯的催化转化方法,其特征在于步骤如下:将聚3-羟基丁酸酯、催化剂十二羰基三钌置于高温高压反应釜中,在220-240 ℃下反应2-6 h,得到丙烯气体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚3-羟基丁酸酯制备丙烯的催化转化方法,其特征在于:所述高温高压反应釜反应密闭前通入氮气排除反应釜内的空气。
3.根据权利要求1所述的聚3-羟基丁酸酯制备丙烯的催化转化方法,其特征在于:所述十二羰基三钌与聚3-羟基丁酸酯的质量比为1:(5-20)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的聚3-羟基丁酸酯制备丙烯的催化转化方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)反应完后将催化剂分离出来,重复使用。
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