CN108379437A - A kind of feed addictive and preparation method thereof of prevention brickpox - Google Patents
A kind of feed addictive and preparation method thereof of prevention brickpox Download PDFInfo
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- CN108379437A CN108379437A CN201810429706.8A CN201810429706A CN108379437A CN 108379437 A CN108379437 A CN 108379437A CN 201810429706 A CN201810429706 A CN 201810429706A CN 108379437 A CN108379437 A CN 108379437A
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- feed addictive
- brickpox
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- prevention
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of feed addictive and preparation method thereof of prevention brickpox, and the feed addictive is by raw material：Gypsum, stir-baked FRUCTUS GARDENIAE, the coptis, rhizoma anemarrhenae, radix scutellariae, rheum officinale, Cortex Phellodendri, Fructus Forsythiae, honeysuckle, pueraria lobata, radix bupleuri, the root bark of tree peony, folium isatidis, chrysanthemum, Radix Glycyrrhizae are prepared.Feed addictive of the present invention has effects that clearing heat and detoxicating, cool blood dissipates the stasis of blood, is added in swine rations, and every dose is fed for points for 23 times.It can be used for preventing the function and effect of brickpox.Feed addictive using the present invention prevents brickpox, not only can excessively abuse Western medicine prevention and treatment brickpox to avoid pig poultry feeders and cause appearance and its generated toxic side effect of Western medicine drug resistance problems, and its have many advantages, such as it is green safe, have no toxic side effect and significant effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pig feed additive, the feed addictive of specifically a kind of prevention brickpox and its preparation side
Method.
Background technology
Brickpox is erysipelothrix ruhsiopathiae (Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae), is commonly called as bacillus rhusiopathiae suis and draws
A kind of acute febrile infectious disease risen, is mainly characterized by high fever, acute sepsis, skin rash block（It is subacute）, chronic excipuliform
Endocarditis and cutaneous necrosis and multiple non suppurative arthritis（It is chronic）.Intensive Farm of Pig Raising is more rare at present, but still
Not control completely.This disease is in worldwide distribution.
Remedy measures：1, sow, piglet treatment.Erysipelothrix ruhsiopathiae is very sensitive to penicillin.Acute case can use speed
Imitate mould extract for treating, twice a day, continuous three days.Or benzathine penicillin can also be used（It should be noted that the drug effect of the dosage form is held
The continuous time）, one-time treatment, cover 48 hours, can also have again later.Using intramuscular injection, every 10 kg body weight 1ml
（300,000iu/ml）；Also 200g/ tons of ospens can be added in feed, continuous 10~14 days.This mode serves not only as pre-
Anti- property medication is highly effective, can also make treatment in the case of a wide range of outburst and be used.Tetracycline is also effective.2, wean
Pig, grower pigs treatment：This disease first choice medicine is penicillin, and drug effect is fast.If affected animal is acute onset, short-acting blueness should be used
Injection twice, continues four days to mycin daily.Such as non-acute morbidity, benzathine penicillin can be used.Clinically disease after medication 24 hours
Poultry can restore normal.If sick pig number is more, it is necessary to carry out full group to vulnerable groups to inject treatment.Drink can first be used
Water medication, followed by feed medication.500g/ tons of 200g/ tons of ospen or tetracycline are added in feed.Ospen may be used also
Make preventive dosage to be used in when disease will be broken out.
Invention content
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of feed addictive and preparation method thereof of prevention brickpox, a kind of prevention pig is red
The feed addictive of poison has effects that clearing heat and detoxicating, cool blood dissipates the stasis of blood as a kind of additive of swine rations, adds in swine rations
Add, every dose is divided 2-3 times and is fed for.It can be used for preventing the function and effect of brickpox.Feed addictive prevention pig using the present invention is red
Poison not only can excessively abuse Western medicine prevention and treatment brickpox to avoid pig poultry feeders and cause going out for Western medicine drug resistance problems
Now with its generated toxic side effect, and its have many advantages, such as it is green safe, have no toxic side effect and significant effect.The present invention one
The feed addictive of kind prevention brickpox prepares simple, significant effect, safe, without side-effects, and pig poultry feeders scale is suitble to push away
Wide application.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：A kind of feed addictive of prevention brickpox, by following parts by weight
Raw material composition：Gypsum 15-22g, stir-baked FRUCTUS GARDENIAE 15-22g, coptis 15-22g, rhizoma anemarrhenae 15-22g, radix scutellariae 15-20g, rheum officinale 15-
20g, Cortex Phellodendri 15-20g, Fructus Forsythiae 15-20g, honeysuckle 15-20g, pueraria lobata 15-20g, radix bupleuri 10-15g, root bark of tree peony 10-15g, folium isatidis
10-15g, chrysanthemum 10-15g, Radix Glycyrrhizae 6-10g.
Further, the feed addictive of a kind of prevention brickpox, is made of the raw material of following parts by weight：Gypsum
15g, stir-baked FRUCTUS GARDENIAE 15g, coptis 15g, rhizoma anemarrhenae 15g, radix scutellariae 15g, rheum officinale 15g, Cortex Phellodendri 15g, Fructus Forsythiae 15g, honeysuckle 15g, pueraria lobata
15g, radix bupleuri 10g, root bark of tree peony 10g, folium isatidis 10g, chrysanthemum 10g, Radix Glycyrrhizae 6g.
Further, the feed addictive of a kind of prevention brickpox, is made of the raw material of following parts by weight：Gypsum
22g, stir-baked FRUCTUS GARDENIAE 22g, coptis 22g, rhizoma anemarrhenae 22g, radix scutellariae 20g, rheum officinale 20g, Cortex Phellodendri 20g, Fructus Forsythiae 20g, honeysuckle 20g, pueraria lobata
20g, radix bupleuri 15g, root bark of tree peony 15g, folium isatidis 15g, chrysanthemum 15g, Radix Glycyrrhizae 10g.
Further, the feed addictive of a kind of prevention brickpox, is made of the raw material of following parts by weight：Gypsum
20g, stir-baked FRUCTUS GARDENIAE 20g, coptis 20g, rhizoma anemarrhenae 20g, radix scutellariae 18g, rheum officinale 18g, Cortex Phellodendri 18g, Fructus Forsythiae 18g, honeysuckle 18g, pueraria lobata
18g, radix bupleuri 12g, root bark of tree peony 12g, folium isatidis 12g, chrysanthemum 12g, Radix Glycyrrhizae 8g.
Further, preparation method is：Take each bulk pharmaceutical chemicals, mix, add 3~5 times amount water, impregnate 45~60 minutes, so
It is conventional afterwards to decoct 2~3 hours, it filters to get filtrate, into filter residue plus 2~3 times of amount water, routine decoct 1~2 hour, filtering
Filtrate is obtained, merges filtrate twice, is added in pannage or daily ration, every dose point of 2~3 nursing.
A kind of function and effect of the raw materials of feed additives of prevention brickpox of the present invention：
Gypsum：Gypsum, Chinese medicine name.For hydrous calcium sulfate（CaSO4·2H2O）Ore.There is raw use clearing heat-fire, relieving restlessness to stop
The effect of thirsty；It forges to use and there is the effect of expelling pus and promoting granulation, hygroscopic, hemostasis.It is usually used in fever caused by exogenous pathogenic factors, hyperpyrexia polydipsia, dyspnea and cough due to lung-heat, stomach
The high Sheng of fire, has a headache, toothache.
Stir-baked FRUCTUS GARDENIAE：A kind of preparation method of stir-baked FRUCTUS GARDENIAE system cape jasmine, takes net cape jasmine, is fried to yellowish-brown according to the method for frying.Fruit：Purging intense heat removes
It is tired, reducing fever and causing diuresis, removing pattogenic heat from the blood and toxic material from the body.For Vexed, jaundice, blood strangury and dry pain, blood-head tells nosebleed, red eye, swell pain, fiery poison sore
Ulcer；Control bruise pain outside.Root：Purging intense heat and detonicating, clearing heat and promoting diuresis, cool blood dissipates the stasis of blood.For catarrhal jaundice, traumatic injury, wind fire tooth
Bitterly.
The coptis：Heat-clearing and damp-drying drug, purging intense heat and detonicating.Damp and hot feeling of fullness, vomiting acid regurgitation, rush down dysentery, jaundice, unconsciousness due to high fever, heart-fire hyperactivity,
Dysphoria and insomnia, palpitation and uneasiness, blood-head tells nosebleed, hot eyes, toothache are quenched one's thirst, and carbuncle swells treat sore；Eczema, wet sore are controlled outside, duct is suppurated.
Rhizoma anemarrhenae：Clearing heat-fire, nourishing Yin and moistening dryness.Pyreticosis polydipsia, lung-heat type cough, osteopyrexia and fever, Heat Diabetes, dry constipation of intestines.
Radix scutellariae：The root of radix scutellariae is used as medicine, bitter, cold in nature, there is heat-clearing and damp-drying drug, purging intense heat and detonicating, hemostasis, tocolysis and other effects.It cures mainly
Warm heat disease, the infection of the upper respiratory tract, cough with lung heat, neonatal jaundice caused by dampness-heat, pneumonia, dysentery, hemoptysis, hot eyes, fetal irritability, hypertension, carbuncle
The diseases such as swollen furuncle sore.The clinical antibiotic property of radix scutellariae is better than the coptis, and does not develop immunity to drugs.
Rheum officinale：Rheum officinale be the perennial plant of a variety of polygonaceae Rheums be collectively referred to as and the title of Chinese medicine.On Chinese ground
In the document in area, what " rheum officinale " referred to is often todaiwo,rhizoma.In China, rheum officinale mainly make it is medicinal, but Europe and the Middle East, they
Rheum officinale often refer to it is in addition several make edible Rheum kinds, stem is red, gas faint scent, bitter and micro-puckery, and that chews sticks to one's teeth, and has sand
Grain sense.Autumn end cauline leaf is withered or the preceding excavation of secondary spring germination.Radicula is removed, scrapes off crust, valve cutting or section, it is dry or straight that rope wears bunchiness
Connect dry Chinese herb rhubarb have attack stagnant, clearing away damp-heat, purging intense heat, cool blood, dissolving stasis, removing toxic substances and other effects.
Cortex Phellodendri：There is the effect of heat-clearing and damp-drying drug, purging intense heat, except steaming, detoxification sore treatment.For damp-heat dysentery, jaundice, with lower the moon
Itch, puckery pain of heat gonorrhea, tinea pedis impotence is preesed, hectic fever due to yin labor heat, night sweat, seminal emission, sore swollen toxin, eczema wet sore.Stir-baked CORTEX PHELLODENDRI with salt solution nourishing yin and lessening fire.For
It is fire excess from yin deficiency, night sweat hectic fever due to yin.
Fructus Forsythiae：Heat-clearing, removing toxic substances, dissipating bind, detumescence.Control warm, erysipelas, macula, large carbuncle pyogenic infections, scrofula, urine leaching closes.
Honeysuckle：Honeysuckle also known as Lonicera Japonica, honeysuckle, golden flower, honeysuckle flower and honeysuckle flowers, modern pharmacological studies have shown that honeysuckle has
Have it is antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, adjust the effects that immune medicine materical crude slice can mitogenetic medicine, fry medicine, three kinds of charcoal drug.[effect] heat-clearing
Removing toxic substances, dispelling wind and heat from the body.Since ancient times, honeysuckle is usually used in clearing heat and detoxicating, treatment warm disease heating, toxic-heat and blood stasis, the diseases such as large carbuncle, also
For anemopyretic cold, the illnesss such as bronchitis.Crude drug sweet and slightly bitter taste, cold in nature, clearing heat and detoxicating work(is apt to walk the part of the body cavity above the diaphragm housing the heart and lungs and fleshy exterior, more
For warm disease initial stage, ulcer serious case of furuncle；Medicine sweet and slightly bitter taste is fried, cold in nature partially flat, clearing heat and detoxicating work(is apt to walk middle burnt and qi leel, is mostly used
In warm disease mid-term；Charcoal drug sweet and slightly bitter taste is puckery, cold nature, and clearing heat and detoxicating work(is kind to go down burnt and blood system, is chiefly used in dysentery characterized by blood in the stool, epidemic disease poison
Dysentery.
Pueraria lobata：Pueraria lobata, Chinese medicine name.For the dry root of legume pueraria lobata, practises and claim elegant jessamine.Autumn, the excavation of two season of winter, take advantage of fresh-cut
At sheet or fritter；It is dry.It is sweet, pungent, it is cool.There is expelling pathogenic factors from muscles and skin to bring down a fever, promoting eruption promotes the production of body fluid to quench thirst, the work(of Shengyang Zhixie.It is usually used in exterior syndrome hair
Heat, stiff nape and back, measles without adequate eruption, pyreticosis is thirsty, and the deficiency of Yin is quenched one's thirst, and heat is purged heat dysentery, splenasthenic diarrhea.
Radix bupleuri：Radix bupleuri, Chinese medicine name.For《Chinese Pharmacopoeia》The herbal medicine included, medicinal part are umbelliferae bupleurum or narrow
The dry root of leaf radix bupleuri.Spring, the excavation of two season of autumn, remove cauline leaf and silt, dry.Radix bupleuri is common diaphoretic medicine.It smokes to alias, mountain
Dish, mushroom grass, faggot, bitter in taste, be slightly cold, Return liver, gallbladder channel.Have in inducing diaphoresis, the effect of soothing the liver rising Yang.For cold, fever, tremble with fear
Hot contact, malaria, stagnation of QI due to depression of the liver, sternal rib pain, rectal prolapse, the prolapse of uterus, irregular menstruation.
The root bark of tree peony：The root bark of tree peony also known as moutan bark, Chinese medicine name.For ranunculaceae peony dry root skin.Originate in Anhui, Shandong etc.
Ground.Autumn excavates root, removes radicula, strips root skin, dry.It is raw to use or fry use.Modern study, contained paeonol and its in addition
Glucosides constituents have anti-inflammatory effect；The methanolic extract of moutan bark has inhibition Platelet；Paeonol has calm, drop
The effects that central inhibitory actions such as warm, antipyretic, analgesia, spasmolysis and antiatherosclerosis, diuresis, antiulcer.
Folium isatidis：Folium isatidis, Chinese medicine name.It cures mainly：Heat toxin macular eruption, erysipelas, abscess of throat, aphthae, sore and toxic etc.
Disease.This medicine clinically extensive use in recent years in addition to it can be used and control above-mentioned all diseases, and can be used for the strongly fragrant lung of phlegm heat, cough up phlegm yellow thick；Especially
Be usually used in popular second encephalitis, not only can single be applied to prevent, but also radix bupleuri, honeysuckle flower, Fructus Forsythiae, Radix Isatidis, radix scrophulariae, life can be coordinated
Ground etc., can removing summer-heat qi leel, the heat toxin of battalion point, can be and more suitable with partial heat type with controlling various encephalitis.It is commercially available big all over China
Leafiness kind is a lot of, and plant origin is different, again：Acanthaceous vegetable acanthaceous indigo.Cruciferae isatis and smalt.Polygonaceae plant knotweed
It is blue.Legume wood is blue.The leaf of the above plant, all uses as folium isatidis, also could act as the raw material of indigo naturalis processed, except wood is blue
Outside, root is used as Radix Isatidis.
Chrysanthemum：Relieve heat heat-clearing, flat liver improving eyesight are clearing heat and detoxicating.Cure mainly anemopyretic cold, dizziness of having a headache, red eye, swell pain, eyes dusk
Flower, sore and toxic.
Radix Glycyrrhizae：Radix Glycyrrhizae is to be widely used general Chinese medicine simply, invigorates the spleen and benefits qi, moistens the lung and relieve the cough, purging intense heat and detonicating, emergency are stopped
Bitterly, various effects such as coordinating the drug actions of a prescription.Modern medicine study shows that Radix Glycyrrhizae has effects that antiviral, anti-inflammatory, liver protection, can
For treating spleen deficiency, cough and asthma, abscess of throat, ulcerative carbuncle pyogenic infections etc..
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
A kind of feed addictive of prevention brickpox provided by the invention be pig poultry feeders according to cultivate for many years pig experience with
And to the pharmacological research of modern Chinese herbal medicine, natural Chinese medicinal herb composition of prescription is selected to invent a kind of feed of prevention brickpox
Additive.A kind of feed addictive of prevention brickpox as a kind of additive of swine rations there is clearing heat and detoxicating, cool blood to dissipate
The effect of stasis of blood, adds in swine rations, and every dose is divided 2-3 times and is fed for.It can be used for preventing the function and effect of brickpox.Using the present invention
Feed addictive prevent brickpox, not only can excessively abuse to avoid pig poultry feeders Western medicine prevent and treat brickpox and make
Appearance at Western medicine drug resistance problems and its generated toxic side effect, and its with it is green safe, have no toxic side effect and imitate
The advantages that fruit is notable.A kind of feed addictive of prevention brickpox of the present invention prepares simple, significant effect, safe, without side-effects,
It is suitble to pig poultry feeders scale to promote and apply.
Specific implementation mode
The specific implementation mode of the present invention is described in detail below.
Embodiment 1
A kind of feed addictive of prevention brickpox, is made of the raw material of following parts by weight：Gypsum 15g, stir-baked FRUCTUS GARDENIAE 15g, the coptis
15g, rhizoma anemarrhenae 15g, radix scutellariae 15g, rheum officinale 15g, Cortex Phellodendri 15g, Fructus Forsythiae 15g, honeysuckle 15g, pueraria lobata 15g, radix bupleuri 10g, root bark of tree peony 10g,
Folium isatidis 10g, chrysanthemum 10g, Radix Glycyrrhizae 6g.
Preparation method is：Each bulk pharmaceutical chemicals are taken, are mixed, 3 times of amount water are added, are impregnated 45 minutes, it is then conventional to decoct 2 hours,
Filter to get filtrate, it is conventional to decoct 1 hour into filter residue plus 2 times of amount water, filter to get filtrate, merge filtrate twice, in pannage or
It is added in daily ration, every dose point of 2 nursing.
Embodiment 2
A kind of feed addictive of prevention brickpox, is made of the raw material of following parts by weight：Gypsum 22g, stir-baked FRUCTUS GARDENIAE 22g, the coptis
22g, rhizoma anemarrhenae 22g, radix scutellariae 20g, rheum officinale 20g, Cortex Phellodendri 20g, Fructus Forsythiae 20g, honeysuckle 20g, pueraria lobata 20g, radix bupleuri 15g, root bark of tree peony 15g,
Folium isatidis 15g, chrysanthemum 15g, Radix Glycyrrhizae 10g.
Preparation method is：Each bulk pharmaceutical chemicals are taken, are mixed, 5 times of amount water are added, are impregnated 60 minutes, it is then conventional to decoct 3 hours,
Filter to get filtrate, it is conventional to decoct 2 hours into filter residue plus 3 times of amount water, filter to get filtrate, merge filtrate twice, in pannage or
It is added in daily ration, every dose point of 3 nursing.
Embodiment 3
A kind of feed addictive of prevention brickpox, is made of the raw material of following parts by weight：Gypsum 20g, stir-baked FRUCTUS GARDENIAE 20g, the coptis
20g, rhizoma anemarrhenae 20g, radix scutellariae 18g, rheum officinale 18g, Cortex Phellodendri 18g, Fructus Forsythiae 18g, honeysuckle 18g, pueraria lobata 18g, radix bupleuri 12g, root bark of tree peony 12g,
Folium isatidis 12g, chrysanthemum 12g, Radix Glycyrrhizae 8g.
Preparation method is：Each bulk pharmaceutical chemicals are taken, are mixed, 4 times of amount water are added, are impregnated 50 minutes, then conventional decoction 2.5 is small
When, it filters to get filtrate, into filter residue plus 2.5 times of amount water, conventional decoction 1.5 hours filter to get filtrate, merge filtrate twice,
It is added in pannage or daily ration, every dose point of 2.5 nursing.
Example the above is only the implementation of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, every to utilize this hair
Equivalent structure or equivalent flow shift made by bright description is applied directly or indirectly in other relevant technology necks
Domain is included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of feed addictive of prevention brickpox, which is characterized in that be made of the raw material of following parts by weight：Gypsum 15-
22g, stir-baked FRUCTUS GARDENIAE 15-22g, coptis 15-22g, rhizoma anemarrhenae 15-22g, radix scutellariae 15-20g, rheum officinale 15-20g, Cortex Phellodendri 15-20g, Fructus Forsythiae
It is 15-20g, honeysuckle 15-20g, pueraria lobata 15-20g, radix bupleuri 10-15g, root bark of tree peony 10-15g, folium isatidis 10-15g, chrysanthemum 10-15g, sweet
Careless 6-10g.
2. a kind of feed addictive of prevention brickpox according to claim 1, which is characterized in that by following parts by weight
Raw material forms：It is gypsum 15g, stir-baked FRUCTUS GARDENIAE 15g, coptis 15g, rhizoma anemarrhenae 15g, radix scutellariae 15g, rheum officinale 15g, Cortex Phellodendri 15g, Fructus Forsythiae 15g, double
Flower 15g, pueraria lobata 15g, radix bupleuri 10g, root bark of tree peony 10g, folium isatidis 10g, chrysanthemum 10g, Radix Glycyrrhizae 6g.
3. a kind of feed addictive of prevention brickpox according to claim 1, which is characterized in that by following parts by weight
Raw material forms：It is gypsum 22g, stir-baked FRUCTUS GARDENIAE 22g, coptis 22g, rhizoma anemarrhenae 22g, radix scutellariae 20g, rheum officinale 20g, Cortex Phellodendri 20g, Fructus Forsythiae 20g, double
Flower 20g, pueraria lobata 20g, radix bupleuri 15g, root bark of tree peony 15g, folium isatidis 15g, chrysanthemum 15g, Radix Glycyrrhizae 10g.
4. a kind of feed addictive of prevention brickpox according to claim 1, which is characterized in that by following parts by weight
Raw material forms：It is gypsum 20g, stir-baked FRUCTUS GARDENIAE 20g, coptis 20g, rhizoma anemarrhenae 20g, radix scutellariae 18g, rheum officinale 18g, Cortex Phellodendri 18g, Fructus Forsythiae 18g, double
Flower 18g, pueraria lobata 18g, radix bupleuri 12g, root bark of tree peony 12g, folium isatidis 12g, chrysanthemum 12g, Radix Glycyrrhizae 8g.
5. according to a kind of feed addictive of any prevention brickpoxes of claim 1-4, which is characterized in that its preparation side
Method is：Each bulk pharmaceutical chemicals are taken, are mixed, 3~5 times of amount water are added, are impregnated 45~60 minutes, then conventional to decoct 2~3 hours, mistake
Filtrate is filtered to obtain, into filter residue plus 2~3 times of amount water, conventional decoction 1~2 hour filter to get filtrate, merge filtrate twice, in pig
It is added in feed or daily ration, every dose point of 2~3 nursing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810429706.8A CN108379437A (en) | 2018-05-08 | 2018-05-08 | A kind of feed addictive and preparation method thereof of prevention brickpox |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810429706.8A CN108379437A (en) | 2018-05-08 | 2018-05-08 | A kind of feed addictive and preparation method thereof of prevention brickpox |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN108379437A true CN108379437A (en) | 2018-08-10 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201810429706.8A Withdrawn CN108379437A (en) | 2018-05-08 | 2018-05-08 | A kind of feed addictive and preparation method thereof of prevention brickpox |
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| CN (1) | CN108379437A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112715765A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-30 | 贵州大学 | Chinese herbal medicine immunoregulation feed additive for enhancing immune system of fattening pigs and application |
-
2018
- 2018-05-08 CN CN201810429706.8A patent/CN108379437A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112715765A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-30 | 贵州大学 | Chinese herbal medicine immunoregulation feed additive for enhancing immune system of fattening pigs and application |
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| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20180810 |
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| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |