CN108367665B - 用于机动车的分离离合器 - Google Patents

用于机动车的分离离合器 Download PDF

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CN108367665B
CN108367665B CN201680072379.4A CN201680072379A CN108367665B CN 108367665 B CN108367665 B CN 108367665B CN 201680072379 A CN201680072379 A CN 201680072379A CN 108367665 B CN108367665 B CN 108367665B
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drive unit
transmission
clutch
reel
output
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CN108367665A (zh
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M·芬肯策勒
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D13/00—Friction clutches
    • F16D13/22—Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members
    • F16D13/38—Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members with flat clutching surfaces, e.g. discs
    • F16D13/52—Clutches with multiple lamellae ; Clutches in which three or more axially moveable members are fixed alternately to the shafts to be coupled and are pressed from one side towards an axially-located member
    • F16D13/54—Clutches with multiple lamellae ; Clutches in which three or more axially moveable members are fixed alternately to the shafts to be coupled and are pressed from one side towards an axially-located member with means for increasing the effective force between the actuating sleeve or equivalent member and the pressure member
    • F16D13/56—Clutches with multiple lamellae ; Clutches in which three or more axially moveable members are fixed alternately to the shafts to be coupled and are pressed from one side towards an axially-located member with means for increasing the effective force between the actuating sleeve or equivalent member and the pressure member in which the clutching pressure is produced by springs only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4833—Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D13/00—Friction clutches
    • F16D13/22—Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members
    • F16D13/38—Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members with flat clutching surfaces, e.g. discs
    • F16D13/52—Clutches with multiple lamellae ; Clutches in which three or more axially moveable members are fixed alternately to the shafts to be coupled and are pressed from one side towards an axially-located member
    • F16D13/54—Clutches with multiple lamellae ; Clutches in which three or more axially moveable members are fixed alternately to the shafts to be coupled and are pressed from one side towards an axially-located member with means for increasing the effective force between the actuating sleeve or equivalent member and the pressure member
    • F16D13/56—Clutches with multiple lamellae ; Clutches in which three or more axially moveable members are fixed alternately to the shafts to be coupled and are pressed from one side towards an axially-located member with means for increasing the effective force between the actuating sleeve or equivalent member and the pressure member in which the clutching pressure is produced by springs only
    • F16D2013/565—Clutches with multiple lamellae ; Clutches in which three or more axially moveable members are fixed alternately to the shafts to be coupled and are pressed from one side towards an axially-located member with means for increasing the effective force between the actuating sleeve or equivalent member and the pressure member in which the clutching pressure is produced by springs only with means for releasing the clutch pressure in case of back torque
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于将第一驱动单元(2)相对于从动单元(3)耦合和解耦的分离离合器(1)，分离离合器包括至少一个扭转振动减振器(4)，扭转振动减振器具有至少一个输入件(5)和输出件(6)，输入件和输出件具有共同的旋转轴线且能相对于彼此受限地旋转，以及在输入件与输出件之间作用的弹簧减振器装置(8)；输入件能与第一驱动单元抗扭转地连接，输出件能经由离合器装置(9)与传动带盘(10)传递转矩地连接，离合器装置能在打开的操纵位置与闭合的操纵位置之间被移动，传动带盘能经由传动带(11)通过第二驱动单元驱动；传动带盘能与从动单元抗扭转地连接，使得从动单元能经由第二驱动单元和/或经由第一驱动单元驱动；传动带盘以能旋转的方式在输入件的在径向上朝向外的法兰(49)上支承在输入件上。

Description

用于机动车的分离离合器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于将第一驱动单元相对于从动单元耦合和解耦的分离离合器，其中，所述分离离合器包括至少一个扭转振动减振器，所述扭转振动减振器具有至少一个输入件和输出件，所述输入件和输出件具有共同的旋转轴线并且能够相对于彼此受限地扭转，以及在所述输入件与所述输出件之间作用的弹簧减振器装置。所述扭转振动减振器尤其是双质量飞轮。
此外，本发明还涉及一种具有内燃机和电机的混合动力驱动系。
背景技术
由DE 10 2014 203 954 A1已知一种离合器装置，其包括：输入侧和输出侧，所述输入侧和输出侧以能够围绕旋转轴线旋转的方式布置；以及至少一个第一摩擦副和至少一个第二摩擦副，其中，所述第一摩擦副转矩锁合地与所述输入侧连接，所述第二摩擦副转矩锁合地与所述输出侧连接，所述第一摩擦副和所述第二摩擦副能够通过挤压力形成摩擦配合，用于在输入侧和输出侧之间传递转矩；其中，设置有至少一个弹簧件，所述弹簧件构造用于增强所述挤压力。以这种方式确保提高用于挤压这两个摩擦副的挤压力。
由DE 10 2012 219 028 A1已知一种具有内燃机和电机的混合动力驱动系，所述内燃机和电机经由分离离合器能相互连接并且能与变速器输入轴连接。这里提出一种行星齿轮传动装置，通过所述行星齿轮传动装置能够经由所述内燃机或者经由所述电机来驱动辅助单元。
发明内容
因此，本发明的任务是，在结构和/或功能上改进所提到的混合动力驱动系和离合器装置。尤其要提供一种离合器装置，该离合器装置能够将内燃机与驱动系连接或者与所述驱动系分离。在此要实现该驱动系的各个组件的灵活布置。
该任务通过如下分离离合器得到解决。要指出的是，在本申请单独提及的特征能够以在技术上有意义的方式相互组合并且限定本发明的其它构型方案。除此之外，在说明书中进一步地准确表达并且阐述本发明的其它优选的构型方案。
提出一种用于将第一驱动单元相对于从动单元耦合和解耦的分离离合器，其中，所述分离离合器包括至少一个扭转振动减振器，该扭转振动减振器具有至少一个输入件和输出件，所述输入件和输出件具有共同的旋转轴线并且能够相对于彼此受限地扭转，以及在所述输入件与所述输出件之间作用的弹簧减振器装置。所述输入件能够与所述第一驱动单元抗扭转地连接，其中，所述输出件能够经由离合器装置与传动带盘传递转矩地连接，所述离合器装置能够在打开的操纵位置与闭合的操纵位置之间被移动。所述传动带盘能够经由传动带通过第二驱动单元驱动，其中，所述传动带盘能够与所述从动单元抗扭转地连接，从而使得所述从动单元能够经由所述第二驱动单元和/或经由所述第一驱动单元被驱动。在此，所述传动带盘以能旋转的方式在该输入件的在径向上朝向外部的法兰上支承在所述输入件上。
所述第一驱动单元尤其是内燃机。所述第二驱动单元优选是电机，所述电机具有固定的定子和以能够旋转的方式布置在其中的转子。转矩经由该电机的马达轴传递到所述传动带盘上。为此使用环绕马达轴和传动带盘的传动带(尤其是链条或者类似物)。尤其是，该电机的马达轴与该扭转振动减振器的输入件和输出件的旋转轴线平行、但是在径向方向上相间隔地布置。
尤其是，该第一驱动单元的驱动轴的旋转轴线、该扭转振动减振器的旋转轴线、该离合器装置的旋转轴线、该传动带盘的旋转轴线和变速器输入轴的旋转轴线彼此同轴线地布置。
所述扭转振动减振器能够尤其用于对由周期性过程激发的扭转振动减振。所述扭转振动减振器能够用于对由内燃机激发的扭转振动减振。术语“输入件”和“输出件”能够参照从内燃机出发的功率流方向。具有弹簧减振器装置的扭转振动减振器在现有技术中是公知的(例如具有初级侧(输入侧)和次级侧(输出侧)的双质量飞轮ZMS)。
尤其是，所述输入件能够经由至少一个螺钉抗扭转地固定在该第一驱动单元的第一驱动轴上。优选地，所述输入件能够经由恰好一个螺钉抗扭转地固定在所述第一驱动轴(例如内燃机的曲轴)上，其中，所述螺钉与所述旋转轴线同轴线地布置。
尤其是，所述输出件经由轴承(滑动轴承、滚动轴承等等)以能够旋转的方式支承在所述输入件上。
尤其是，所述传动带盘以能够在所述输入件上旋转的方式支承在该输入件的在径向方向上朝向外部的法兰上。尤其是，所述传动带盘经由轴承(滑动轴承、滚动轴承等等)以能够旋转的方式支承在所述输入件上。
优选地，所述传动带盘例如经由所谓的挠性板(至少在轴向方向上柔性的、用于在两个彼此同轴线地布置的轴之间传递转矩的连接元件)和/或经由齿部直接地与从动器(例如变速器输入轴)抗扭转地并且传递转矩地连接。
在这里建议，在所述传动带盘与所述输出件之间布置离合器装置，所述第一驱动单元能够经由所述离合器装置耦合到所述从动器上。这种布置能实现：在内燃机停止时，机动车能够经由所述传动带盘被电驱动(仅经由所述第二驱动单元)，并且在该电机发电运行时，所述内燃机不必联动(mitgeschleppt)。如果该电机的转矩不再足够，则所述内燃机能够常规经由起动器或者通过所述电机和所述分离离合器来起动。在常规起动时，该内燃机的转速在起动之后适应于该从动器的转速(逐步同步)，然后闭合所述离合器装置。在经由所述第二驱动单元(所述电机)起动时，闭合所述离合器装置并且经由所述电机拖动所述内燃机。
尤其是，所述离合器装置被实施为“常闭合式”、即在初始状态下闭合。尤其是，在此所述摩擦副的挤压力经由实施为碟形弹簧的操纵元件来施加。
尤其是，所述离合器装置是具有内壳和外壳的多片式离合器，其中，所述外壳抗扭转地固定在所述输出件上。
尤其是，所述传动带盘在所述径向方向上环绕包围所述扭转振动减振器，其中，所述传动带盘能够在所述径向方向上在该扭转振动减振器和该离合器装置外部由传动带驱动。
优选地，所述内壳包括多个销栓，所述销栓在平行于所述旋转轴线的轴向方向上延伸穿过所述传动带盘，其中，在所述销栓的第一端部处布置有压板，其中，在所述传动带盘与所述压板之间布置有该离合器装置的摩擦副(例如摩擦片组)；其中，设置有操纵元件，所述压板连同所述销栓一起能够通过所述操纵元件在第一轴向方向上被移动。
尤其是，所述销栓均匀分布地布置在周向方向上。每个销栓沿着轴向方向在第一端部与第二端部之间延伸。在所述第一端部处布置有尤其是环形的压板，例如在外壳和内壳上的摩擦片能够经由所述压板沿着轴向方向摩擦锁合地相互连接。
尤其是，所述操纵元件布置在所述压板上并且此外支撑在所述传动带盘上的止挡处。尤其是，在操纵元件与压板之间布置有线材环，从而使得该操纵元件的操纵力能够在径向方向上在始终相同的位置上传递到所述压板上。在这里，所述操纵元件尤其布置在所述销栓的第一端部处，使得在该离合器装置的初始状态下所述销栓和从而所述压板压向所述传动带盘。
尤其是，所述销栓能通过操纵装置经由所述第一端部抵抗该操纵元件的操纵力在第二轴向方向上被移动。这样的操纵装置能够液压式、气动式和/或机电式操纵。所述操纵装置尤其包括优选是环形的分离板，多个销栓能够经由所述分离板抵抗该操纵元件的操纵力在所述第二轴向方向上相对于所述传动带盘运动。因此，所述压板被从所述传动带盘上移开并且使所述摩擦副(例如摩擦片组)通风。
尤其是，在所述传动带盘与所述压板之间布置有至少一个板簧，该板簧在周向方向上延伸并且由于相对于所述周向方向的安装角而沿着所述轴向方向延伸，所述板簧将转矩从所述压板传递到所述传动带盘上。
尤其是，所述至少一个板簧布置为使得在该第一驱动单元的牵引运行时通过在所述周向方向上起作用的周向力使所述板簧受拉。该板簧受拉导致产生附加的、在这里在第一轴向方向上起作用的夹紧力，通过所述夹紧力所述压板被拉向所述传动带盘。因此，例如外壳和内壳的摩擦片组更强烈地相互挤压，从而增加该离合器装置的力矩容量。
在牵引运行(即所述第一驱动单元将驱动转矩传递到所述传动带盘上)时，所述离合器装置必须能够以一定的安全性来传递所述驱动转矩，在惯性滑移运行时只需传递该内燃机拖曳力矩(发动机制动)。为此，在这里所述至少一个板簧设置为，所述板簧在牵引运行时增强该离合器装置的挤压力。该被增强的挤压力在分离离合器内部被支撑在所述压板与所述传动带盘之间。在惯性滑移运行时，对应地稍微减小能够被传递的转矩。
尤其是，多个板簧布置成板簧组。优选地，多个(优选三个)板簧/板簧组均匀地沿着所述周向方向分布地布置。
此外，提出一种用于机动车的混合动力驱动系，其具有作为第一驱动单元的内燃机和作为第二驱动单元的电机以及变速器和根据本发明的分离离合器，其中，该分离离合器的传动带盘经由传动带与所述第二驱动单元传递转矩地连接，其中，所述传动带盘与所述变速器或者变速器输入轴(在这里是所述从动单元)抗扭转地连接。
尤其是，所述传动带盘具有变速器侧和朝向所述第一驱动单元的驱动器侧，其中，所述扭转振动减振器和所述离合器装置布置在所述变速器侧上。
尤其是，所述传动带盘从在该输入件的在径向方向上朝向外部的法兰上的轴承结构出发沿着所述径向方向向外越过所述离合器装置和所述扭转振动减振器向用于所述传动带的引导部延伸。在此，所述传动带盘在所述轴向方向上布置在所述离合器装置或所述输出件与所述第一驱动单元之间。
对于所述混合动力驱动系的实施方案同样适用于所述分离离合器，反之亦然。
附图说明
下面根据附图详细阐述本发明以及技术环境。要指出的是，附图示出本发明的一种特别优选的实施变型方案，但不局限于此。在此，相同的构件在附图中使用同一附图标记。示意性示出：
图1：具有分离离合器的机动车，其中，在侧视图中仅示出该分离离合器的局部截面；
图2：在牵引运行时该分离离合器的板簧的行为；和
图3：在惯性滑移运行时该分离离合器的板簧的行为。
具体实施方式
图1示出具有分离离合器1的机动车35，其中，在侧视图中仅示出分离离合器1的局部截面。分离离合器1用于将第一驱动单元2相对于从单元件3耦合和解耦，其中，分离离合器1包括扭转振动减振器4，该扭转振动减振器具有至少一个输入件5和输出件6。输入件5和输出件6能够经由弹簧减振器装置8相对于彼此受限地扭转，其中，输出件6以能够旋转的方式支承在输入件5上。输入件5经由第一驱动轴15与第一驱动单元2经由恰好一个、与旋转轴线7同轴线地布置的螺钉14和一个端侧的(端面齿)齿部((Hirth-)Verzahnung)51抗扭转地连接，其中，输出件6经由离合器装置9与传动带盘10传递转矩地连接，所述离合器装置能够在打开的操纵位置与闭合的操纵位置之间被移动。传动带盘10经由传动带11通过第二驱动单元12驱动。传动带盘10能够与从动单元3抗扭转地连接，从而使得从动单元3能够经由第二驱动单元12和/或经由第一驱动单元2驱动。
在这里阐述了一种用于机动车35的混合动力驱动系，其具有作为第一驱动单元2的内燃机36和作为第二驱动单元12的电机37以及作为从动单元3的变速器38。分离离合器1的传动带盘10经由传动带11与第二驱动单元12的马达轴传递转矩地连接，所述马达轴与分离离合器1的旋转轴线7轴向方向平行地布置，其中，传动带盘10与变速器38或者变速器输入轴39抗扭转地连接。
传动带盘10具有变速器侧40和指向第一驱动单元2的驱动器侧41，其中，扭转振动减振器4和离合器装置9布置在变速器侧40上。
传动带盘10从在输入件5的在径向方向13上朝向外部的法兰49上的轴承结构46出发沿着径向方向13向外越过离合器装置9和扭转振动减振器4向用于传动带11的引导部42延伸。在此，传动带盘10在轴向方向20上布置在离合器装置9或者输出件6与第一驱动单元2之间。
离合器装置9被实施为“常闭合式”、即在初始状态下闭合。在此，所述摩擦副的挤压力经由实施为碟形弹簧的操纵元件23来施加。离合器装置9在这里是具有内壳17和外壳18的多片式离合器16，其中，外壳18抗扭转地固定在输出件6上。
内壳17包括多个销栓19，所述销栓在平行于旋转轴线7的轴向方向20上延伸穿过传动带盘10，其中，在销栓19的第一端部21上布置有压板25。
操纵元件23布置在压板25上并且此外支撑在传动带盘10上的止挡22处。另外，在操纵元件23与压板25之间布置有线材环50，从而使得操纵元件23的操纵力28能够在径向方向13上在始终相同的位置上传递到压板25上。在这里，操纵元件23布置在销栓19的第一端部21处，使得在离合器装置9的初始状态下销栓19和从而压板25压向传动带盘10。
在输出件6与压板25之间布置有离合器装置9的摩擦片组26；其中，压板25连同销栓19一起能够通过操纵元件23在第一轴向方向27上被移动。
销栓19能够抵抗操纵元件23的操纵力28通过操纵装置29经由第一端部24在第二轴向方向30上被移动。这样的操纵装置29能够液压式、气动式和/或机电式操纵。操纵装置29包括分离板47，多个销栓19能够经由所述分离板抵抗操纵元件23的操纵力28在第二轴向方向30上相对于所述传动带盘运动。因此，压板25被从所述传动带盘上移开并且使摩擦片组26通风。
另外，在传动带盘10与压板25之间布置有板簧32(在这里示出了具有两个板簧32的板簧组)，所述板簧在周向方向31上延伸并且由于相对于周向方向31的安装角43(见图2和3)而沿着轴向方向20延伸，所述板簧将转矩从传动带盘10传递到压板25上(反之亦然)。
图2示出了在牵引运行33时分离离合器1的板簧32的行为。板簧32以相对于周向方向31的安装角43布置在传动带盘10与压板25之间，并且在周向方向31上以及沿着轴向方向20延伸。在第一驱动单元2的牵引运行33时，通过在周向方向31上起作用的周向力44而使板簧32受拉。板簧32受拉导致安装角43减小并且产生附加的、在这里在第一轴向方向27上起作用的夹紧力45，通过所述夹紧力所述压板25被拉向传动带盘10。因此，外壳18和内壳17的摩擦片组26更强烈地相互挤压，从而增加离合器装置9的力矩容量。
图3示出了在惯性滑移运行48时分离离合器1的板簧32的行为。在惯性滑移运行48时，只需传递内燃机拖曳力矩(发动机制动)。在这里，周向力44同样作用于板簧32，由此增大安装角43。作用到摩擦片组26上的夹紧力因此通过附加的(但是现在反向的、即指向第二轴向方向30的)夹紧力45被减小。
附图标记列表
1 分离离合器
2 第一驱动单元
3 从动单元
4 扭转振动减振器
5 输入件
6 输出件
7 旋转轴线
8 弹簧减振器装置
9 离合器装置
10 传动带盘
11 传动带
12 第二驱动单元
13 径向方向
14 螺钉
15 第一驱动轴
16 多片式离合器
17 内壳
18 外壳
19 销栓
20 轴向方向
21 第一端部
22 止挡
23 操纵元件
24 第二端部
25 压板
26 摩擦片组
27 第一轴向方向
28 操纵力
29 操纵装置
30 第二轴向方向
31 周向方向
32 板簧
33 牵引运行
34 混合动力驱动系
35 机动车
36 内燃机
37 电机
38 变速器
39 变速器输入轴
40 变速器侧
41 驱动器侧
42 引导部
43 安装角
44 周向力
45 夹紧力
46 轴承结构
47 分离盘
48 惯性滑移运行
49 法兰
50 线材环
51 齿部

Claims (10)

1.一种用于机动车的分离离合器(1)，用于将第一驱动单元(2)相对于从动单元(3)耦合和解耦，其中，所述分离离合器(1)包括：至少一个扭转振动减振器(4)，所述扭转振动减振器具有至少一个输入件(5)和输出件(6)，所述输入件和输出件具有共同的旋转轴线(7)并且能够相对于彼此受限地扭转；以及在所述输入件(5)与所述输出件(6)之间作用的弹簧减振器装置(8)；其中，所述输入件(5)能够与所述第一驱动单元(2)抗扭转地连接，其中，所述输出件(6)能够经由离合器装置(9)与传动带盘(10)传递转矩地连接，所述离合器装置能够在打开的操纵位置与闭合的操纵位置之间被移动，其中，所述传动带盘(10)能够经由传动带(11)通过第二驱动单元(12)驱动；其中，所述传动带盘(10)能够与所述从动单元(3)抗扭转地连接，从而使得所述从动单元(3)能够经由所述第二驱动单元(12)和/或经由所述第一驱动单元(2)驱动；其中，所述传动带盘(10)以能旋转的方式在所述输入件(5)的在径向方向(13)上朝向外部的法兰(49)上支承在所述输入件(5)上。
2.根据上述权利要求1所述的分离离合器(1)，其中，所述输入件(5)能够经由至少一个螺钉(14)抗扭转地固定在所述第一驱动单元(2)的第一驱动轴(15)上。
3.根据权利要求2所述的分离离合器(1)，其中，所述输入件(5)能够经由恰好一个螺钉(14)抗扭转地固定在所述第一驱动轴(15)上，其中，所述螺钉(14)与所述旋转轴线(7)同轴线地布置。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的分离离合器(1)，其中，所述离合器装置(9)是具有内壳(17)和外壳(18)的多片式离合器(16)，其中，所述外壳(18)抗扭转地固定在所述输出件(6)上。
5.根据权利要求4所述的分离离合器(1)，其中，所述内壳(17)包括多个销栓(19)，所述销栓在平行于所述旋转轴线(7)的第一轴向方向(20)上延伸穿过所述传动带盘(10)，其中，在所述销栓(19)的第一端部(21)处布置有压板(25)，其中，在所述传动带盘(10)与所述压板(25)之间布置有所述离合器装置(9)的摩擦副；其中，设置有操纵元件(23)，所述压板(25)连同所述销栓(19)一起能够通过所述操纵元件在所述第一轴向方向(20)上被移动。
6.根据权利要求5所述的分离离合器(1)，其中，所述销栓(19)能够通过操纵装置(29)经由第二端部(24)抵抗所述操纵元件(23)的操纵力(28)在第二轴向方向(30)上被移动。
7.根据上述权利要求5或6中任一项所述的分离离合器(1)，其中，在所述传动带盘(10)与所述压板(25)之间布置有至少一个板簧(32)，所述板簧在周向方向(31)上延伸并且由于相对于所述周向方向(31)的安装角(43)而沿着所述第一轴向方向(20)延伸，所述板簧将转矩从所述压板(25)传递到所述传动带盘(10)上。
8.根据权利要求7所述的分离离合器(1)，其中，所述至少一个板簧(32)布置为使得在所述第一驱动单元(2)的牵引运行(33)时使所述至少一个板簧(32)受拉。
9.一种用于机动车(35)的混合动力驱动系(34)，其具有作为第一驱动单元(2)的内燃机(36)和作为第二驱动单元(12)的电机(37)以及变速器(38)和根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的分离离合器(1)，其中，所述分离离合器(1)的传动带盘(10)经由传动带(11)与所述第二驱动单元(12)传递转矩地连接，其中，所述传动带盘(10)与所述变速器(38)的变速器输入轴(39)抗扭转地连接。
10.根据权利要求9所述的混合动力驱动系(34)，其中，所述传动带盘(10)具有变速器侧(40)和朝向所述第一驱动单元(2)的驱动器侧(41)，其中，所述扭转振动减振器(4)和所述离合器装置(9)布置在所述变速器侧(40)上。
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