CN108367480A - 具有可移动的穿孔板的挤出机 - Google Patents
具有可移动的穿孔板的挤出机 Download PDFInfo
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- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
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- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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- B29C48/695—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates
- B29C48/70—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates comprising means for dividing, distributing and recombining melt flows
- B29C48/705—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates comprising means for dividing, distributing and recombining melt flows in the die zone, e.g. to create flow homogeneity
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种挤出机,所述挤出机包括壳体,所述壳体具有用于熔体的流动通道(2)且具有在出口侧上界定所述流动通道的穿孔板(6),其中所述穿孔板(6)具有至少两个相互间隔开的通流表面(7),每个通流表面(7)含有至少一个通流开口,并且此外,所述穿孔板(6)被安装在更换装置中,其中所述更换装置具有导引元件(8),在所述导引元件内所述穿孔板(6)能够大体上垂直于所述流动通道(2)移动。
Description
本发明涉及一种挤出机,所述挤出机包括壳体,所述壳体具有用于熔体的流动通道且具有在出口侧上界定所述流动通道的穿孔板。
通用类型的挤出机和穿孔板是从文献中已知的。因此,例如,文件DE3532937A1描述了一种穿孔板,所述穿孔板被固定在挤出机的出口侧端部上,并且适合于塑料线束的水下粒化。
在常规生产工艺中,例如用于生产塑料颗粒的生产工艺,加热材料(诸如,塑料熔体)被传递通过挤出机壳体中的流动通道,且在出口处被挤压通过穿孔板中的开口。随着工艺继续进行,在穿孔板的开口中形成沉积物和粘附物,直到最终开放的横截面减小到必须清洁或替换穿孔板的程度。在连续操作中清洁时,这不可避免地与材料的损失相关联。当替换穿孔板时,必须使工厂停工,产生了停工时间和相关联的生产能力损失。
为了抵消材料损失和生产能力损失,这样的过滤筛网是已知的,该过滤筛网可更换地插入在挤出机内、在流动路径中且在穿孔板的前面。因此,文件DE3013038A1公开了一种用于连续处理熔融塑料的挤出机的筛网更换装置,其中可以在挤出机壳体的接收孔中设置能够横向于熔体的流动通道移动的转换滑阀。
在公开的专利申请DE2811771A1中,描述了用于合成树脂挤出机的过滤筛网更换装置,其中挤出机内的流动路径被分成两个平行的子通道。在挤出机的出口之前,两个子通道重聚以形成一个出口通道。在所述两个子通道中的每个中都有一个可移动的板,所述可移动的板的一半是没有穿孔(Durchbrüche)的实心构造,另一半具有带有插入的过滤筛网的孔。所述板被定位成使得,在操作期间,一个子通道在每种情况下由板的实心部分关掉,且塑料熔体流动经过位于另一子通道内的过滤筛网。为了清洁过滤筛网,所述板的位置被交换,以使得先前开放的通道然后被关闭,熔体然后流动经过先前关闭的通道。污染的过滤筛网然后位于挤出机壳体外部且能够被替换或清洁。
然而,所描述的措施只能推迟而不能阻止弄脏和堵塞挤出机出口处的穿孔板。因此,仅材料损失和停工时间被减小。
目的是开发一种通用类型的挤出机,使得与生产相关的材料损失和停工时间被减小到最小。
根据本发明,此目的通过一种挤出机来实现,所述挤出机包括壳体,所述壳体具有用于熔体的流动通道且具有在出口侧上界定所述流动通道的穿孔板,其中所述穿孔板具有至少两个相互间隔开的通流表面,其中每个通流表面含有至少一个通流开口,且所述穿孔板还被安装在更换装置(Wechseleinrichtung)中,其中所述更换装置具有导引元件,在所述导引元件内,所述穿孔板能够大体上垂直于所述流动通道移动。
在本发明的上下文中,穿孔板被认为是这样的部件:熔体在被供给以供进一步处理之前自该穿孔板离开挤出机。在本发明的意义上,可选地存在于挤出机内的过滤装置或筛选装置不是“穿孔板”。
根据本发明的穿孔板具有至少两个相互间隔开的通流表面,其中每个通流表面含有至少一个通流开口。所述通流开口在它们的横截面形状(例如,圆形、椭圆形、细长形或多边形)和它们的尺寸方面都可以被不同地配置。所述通流开口可以全都具有相同的形状和尺寸,但是它们也可以被不同地配置。所述通流表面的形状和大小由所述通流表面含有的通流开口确定。例如,在圆形通流表面的情况下,所述通流开口被布置成使得围绕此通流表面的所有通流开口的包络部具有圆形形状。
所述通流表面的外部轮廓(包络部)优选地与挤出机的流动通道的横截面形状匹配,因此优选地,流动经过所述流动通道的熔体完全地冲击在所述穿孔板的通流表面上。
在一个有利实施方案中,所述通流开口包括用于形成塑料线束的挤出模具,所述塑料线束然后可以在工具(例如,刀具)的帮助下被进一步处理成颗粒。
所述通流表面之间的间距被认为是相应的通流表面的包络部上的两个点之间的最短距离。所述穿孔板的通流表面之间的间距优选地被定尺寸为使得当一个通流表面被定位在所述流动通道的出口处时,至少另一通流表面位于所述挤出机的壳体的外部。这样的实施方案具有的优点是:位于所述壳体外部的通流表面可以被容易地清洁或更换,而不需要为此目的而中断熔体的流动。
根据本发明,所述穿孔板能够大体上垂直于所述流动通道移动。在所述流动通道的轴线和所述穿孔板的移动平面之间形成的角度是相关的。大体上垂直的移动在此意义上具有的优点是:在该移动期间熔体撞击在所述穿孔板的实心的、不可渗透的区域上的时间周期被最小化。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述更换装置及其导引元件被配置为使得所述穿孔板的移动是线性的。
在本发明的另一优选实施方案中,所述更换装置及其导引元件被配置为使得所述穿孔板的移动通过所述穿孔板的旋转来实现。在这样的实施方案中,优选的是,所述穿孔板具有在其圆周之上分布的多个通流表面,例如,3、4、5、6个或甚至更多个通流表面。所述多个通流表面优选地以在所述穿孔板之上旋转对称分布的方式布置。也在此实施方案中,所述通流表面的布置和它们之间的间距被选择以使得当一个通流表面被定位在所述流动通道的出口处时,至少一个另一通流表面位于所述挤出机壳体的外部。
在已知的穿孔板的情况下,在熔体的流动方向上在所述穿孔板的前面设置入流圆锥体所述入流圆锥体被牢固地连接到所述穿孔板,如公开申请DE3532937A1的图1中通过实施例的方式示出的。所述穿孔板进而被牢固地连接到挤出机壳体的端部。在此类的一个实施方案中,所述穿孔板的移动是不可能的。
在根据本发明的一个实施方案中,当在熔体的流动方向上观察时,入流圆锥体位于所述穿孔板的正前面,此入流圆锥体在结构上与所述穿孔板分离,因此所述穿孔板的通流表面能够相对于所述入流圆锥体移动。在此上下文中,术语“圆锥体”不应在严格的数学意义上来理解。在根据本发明的意义上,所述入流圆锥体可以具有圆锥体形状、截头圆锥体形状或逆着熔体的流动方向逐渐变细的一个其他形状。在此情况下,例如,基面可以是圆形的或椭圆形的或多边形的。
在一个特别有利的发展中,所述入流圆锥体被整合到具有通路区域和覆盖区域的入流元件中,且被布置成是可移动的,使得当入流元件被移动时,所述穿孔板中的第一子组的孔被暴露并且所述穿孔板中的第二子组的孔被关闭。在平行德国专利申请号102015226512.9中详细描述了对应的入流元件及其配置。
在一个有利实施方案中,当在熔体的流动方向上观察时,所述更换装置具有第一板和第二板,所述第一板和所述第二板都在内部具有熔体能够流动通过的开口。在此实施方案中,所述第一板、所述第二板或这两个板具有凹处,所述穿孔板被可移动地安装在所述凹处中。一个或多个凹处充当导引元件,在所述导引元件内所述穿孔板能够大体上垂直于所述流动通道移动。
防止部分量的熔体在所述板和所述穿孔板之间逸出的密封元件优选地被布置在所述第一板和所述第二板中或被布置在它们的相应的面向所述穿孔板的侧中。用于密封元件的合适的材料和实施方案是本领域技术人员已知的,例如基于石墨、硅酮、弹性体或金属,诸如铜。
在本发明的一个有利发展中,所述穿孔板、所述更换装置或穿孔板的部件以及所述更换装置的部件被设计成可加热的,例如,通过输入电能或辐射热量。
所述穿孔板在所述更换装置中的移动可以手动地实现,可选地在工具(诸如,杠杆)的帮助下。所述移动优选地使用辅助动力(例如,电力、气动或液压辅助动力)来实现。优选地,所述穿孔板的移动在致动器的帮助下来实现。
在一个有利实施方案中,在挤出机的壳体中或上存在至少一个传感器,所述传感器适合于检测关于所述流动通道内的压力的信息。
从关于所述流动通道内的压力的信息,可以获得关于正在使用的通流表面的堵塞程度的信息。
在优选实施方案中,借助于用于电子数据传输的装置将此信息传输到指示器(Meldeeinrichtung)。例如,该指示器可以紧邻挤出机,以例如光学地和/或声学地注意到穿孔板的即将到来的堵塞。然而,所述指示器也可以在空间上远离挤出机,例如,作为工艺控制系统中的光学和/或声学可感知的指示。
在一个优选实施方案中,根据本发明的挤出机具有用于使所述穿孔板移动的致动器、至少一个用于检测所述流动通道内的压力的传感器和控制模块,其中所述控制模块被设计成使得,当达到所述压力或压力差的预定临界值时,所述穿孔板在所述致动器的帮助下移动。
在一个有利实施方案中,所述传感器被布置和被设计成使得确定所述流动通道内的绝对压力。在另一有利实施方案中,设置至少两个传感器,所述至少两个传感器被布置和被设计成使得确定压力差。所述压力或压力差的预定临界值优选地与正被处理的相应的熔体和对应的工艺条件相匹配。因此,当检测到绝对压力为临界值时,例如可以预设一个压力,所述压力比触发安全装置(诸如,安全阀或截止阀)的压力低一定量。
所述控制模块可以以已知的方式实施,例如作为分立的微控制器、被整合到致动器中被或作为工艺控制系统中的模块。
通过此实施方案,允许所述穿孔板的更换过程在很大程度上被自动化。在一种优选方法中,执行以下步骤:
(1)操作挤出机,该挤出机具有位于流动通道的出口处的穿孔板的第一通流表面。
(2)监测所述挤出机的壳体内的压力。
(3)当达到所述压力的预定临界值时,致动致动器并且移动所述穿孔板,因此清洁的第二通流表面被定位在所述流动通道的出口处,且第一通流表面位于挤出机壳体外部。
(4)清洁或更换第一个通流表面。
(5)继续步骤(2)中的过程,其中所述第一通流表面和所述第二通流表面交替地通流且被清洁。
与已知设备相比,根据本发明的设备具有能够确保挤出机的几乎完全连续操作的优点。在所有情况下,工厂的可用性显著增加,因此提高了产能并且避免了材料损失。
下文参考附图更详细地解释本发明。附图应被理解为示意性例示。它不代表对本发明的限制,例如关于具体尺寸或变体实施方案。
所使用的附图标记的列表
1...挤出机出口
2...流动通道
3...入流圆锥体
4...入流元件
5...用于入流元件的致动器
6...穿孔板
7...通流表面
8...导引元件
9...第一板
10...第二板
11...用于更换装置的致动器
12...密封件
13...粒化工具
在图1中以分解视图示意性地再现了本发明的一个优选实施方案。在挤出机中,仅示出了挤出机出口1。熔体的流动方向是从左到右。在挤出机的出口侧端部,第一板9和第二板10被以法兰连接且牢固的方式连接到挤出机。
在上端和下端之间,第二板10在内部具有凹处8,穿孔板6被可移动地安装在凹处8中。穿孔板6包括两个通流表面7,两个通流表面7都含有多个通流开口。通流表面7的外轮廓(围绕通流开口的包络部)在每种情况下是圆形的,并且此时其横截面对应于流动通道2的内横截面。为了移动穿孔板6,设置了致动器11,该致动器11能够通过线性运动使该穿孔板大体上垂直于流动通道2移动。
在挤出机出口1和第一板9之间布置入流元件4,该入流元件4可以在致动器5的帮助下以一个预定角度旋转。对于此入流元件4的具体实施方案和优点,参考平行德国专利申请102015226512.9。
为了避免熔体在不希望的位置逸出,在挤出机出口1与入流圆锥体3之间、穿孔板6与第二板10之间设置密封元件12。
在设备的出口侧端部处设置粒化工具13,该粒化工具13倚靠在穿孔板6上,且通过旋转运动将穿过通流开口出来的熔体线束切割成小颗粒。
Claims (5)
1.一种挤出机,所述挤出机包括壳体,所述壳体具有用于熔体的流动通道(2)且具有在出口侧上界定所述流动通道的穿孔板(6),其特征在于,所述穿孔板(6)具有至少两个相互间隔开的通流表面(7),其中每个通流表面(7)含有至少一个通流开口,且所述穿孔板(6)还被安装在更换装置中,其中所述更换装置具有导引元件(8),在所述导引元件内所述穿孔板(6)能够大体上垂直于所述流动通道(2)移动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的挤出机,其中所述穿孔板的所述通流表面(7)之间的间距被定尺寸成使得当一个通流表面被定位在所述流动通道(2)的出口处时,至少一个另一通流表面位于所述挤出机的所述壳体的外部。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的挤出机,当在熔体的流动方向上观察时,在所述穿孔板(6)的正前面,所述挤出机具有入流圆锥体(3),所述入流圆锥体(3)在结构上与所述穿孔板分离,因此所述穿孔板的通流表面(7)能够相对于所述入流圆锥体(3)移动。
4.根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的挤出机,其中所述更换装置具有在熔体的流动方向上被观察的第一板(9)和第二板(10),所述第一板和所述第二板都在内部具有熔体能够流动通过的开口,且其中所述第一板(9)和/或所述第二板(10)具有凹处(7),所述穿孔板(6)被可移动地安装在所述凹处中。
5.根据权利要求1至4中的任一项所述的挤出机,其还具有用于使所述穿孔板(6)移动的致动器(11)、控制模块和至少一个用于检测所述流动通道(2)内的压力的传感器,其中所述控制模块被设计成使得,当达到所述压力或压力差的预定临界值时,所述穿孔板(6)在所述致动器(11)的帮助下移动。
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DE102015226557 | 2015-12-22 | ||
DE102015226557.9 | 2015-12-22 | ||
PCT/EP2016/080583 WO2017108468A1 (de) | 2015-12-22 | 2016-12-12 | Extruder mit verschiebbarer lochplatte |
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CN1880047A (zh) * | 2005-06-14 | 2006-12-20 | 王振保 | 洗网式过滤器 |
CN103128950A (zh) * | 2011-11-24 | 2013-06-05 | 张家港市贝尔机械有限公司 | 均压热切粒机头 |
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US3130468A (en) * | 1961-09-21 | 1964-04-28 | Johnson City Foundry And Machi | Brick machine die changing device |
JPS60225727A (ja) * | 1984-04-25 | 1985-11-11 | Kinugawa Rubber Ind Co Ltd | 二重押出成形機の口金交換用スパイダ |
US5198237A (en) * | 1990-11-26 | 1993-03-30 | Ernest Colosimo | Extrusion die arrangement for attachment to a food grinder |
JP2747120B2 (ja) * | 1991-03-06 | 1998-05-06 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 溶融材料押し出し装置 |
DE19504119C2 (de) * | 1995-02-08 | 2000-07-13 | S Rockstedt Gmbh Maschf | Am Ausgang eines Extruders angebrachter Düsenkopf |
US5577437A (en) * | 1995-11-06 | 1996-11-26 | General Mills, Inc. | Cooker die removably securing mechanism |
US7530806B2 (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2009-05-12 | Jmp Industries, Inc. | Pulse wave modulator cutting assembly |
DE102006056889B4 (de) * | 2006-12-01 | 2017-10-12 | Vmi - Az Extrusion Gmbh | Extruder |
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- 2016-12-12 US US16/064,816 patent/US20190001528A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-12-12 EP EP16812720.7A patent/EP3393752B1/de active Active
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CN1880047A (zh) * | 2005-06-14 | 2006-12-20 | 王振保 | 洗网式过滤器 |
CN103128950A (zh) * | 2011-11-24 | 2013-06-05 | 张家港市贝尔机械有限公司 | 均压热切粒机头 |
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