CN108472853A - 包括用于穿孔板区域的定向入流的偏转元件的挤出机 - Google Patents
包括用于穿孔板区域的定向入流的偏转元件的挤出机 Download PDFInfo
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- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/50—Details of extruders
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- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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- B29C48/695—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates
- B29C48/70—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates comprising means for dividing, distributing and recombining melt flows
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种挤出机,所述挤出机包括壳体,所述壳体具有用于熔体的流动通道(1)且具有在出口侧上界定所述流动通道(1)的穿孔板(2),其中在熔体的流动方向上且在所述穿孔板(2)前面,具有穿通表面(4)和覆盖表面(5)的入流元件(3)被可移动地布置成使得,当使所述入流元件(3)移动时,所述穿孔板(2)中的第一子组孔被暴露,且所述穿孔板(2)中的第二子组孔被关闭,其中所述覆盖表面(5)从所述入流元件(3)的中心径向延伸到其边缘。
Description
本发明涉及一种挤出机,所述挤出机包括壳体,所述壳体具有用于熔体的流动通道且具有在出口侧上界定所述流动通道的穿孔板。
通用类型的挤出机和穿孔板是从文献中已知的。因此,例如,文件DE 35 32 937A1描述了一种穿孔板,所述穿孔板被固定在挤出机的出口侧端部上并且适合于塑料线束的水下粒化。
在常规生产工艺中,例如用于生产塑料颗粒的生产工艺中,加热材料(诸如塑料熔体)被传递通过挤出机壳体中的流动通道,并且在出口处被挤压通过穿孔板中的开口。随着工艺继续进行,在穿孔板的开口中形成沉积物和粘附物,直到最终开放的横截面减小到必须清洁或替换穿孔板的程度。在连续操作中清洁时,这不可避免地与材料的损失相关联。当替换穿孔板时,必须使工厂停工,导致停工时间和相关联的生产能力损失。
为了抵消材料损失和生产能力损失,在挤出机内且在流动路径中穿孔板前面可更换地插入的过滤筛网是已知的。因此,文件DE 30 13 038A1公开了一种用于连续处理熔融塑料的挤出机的筛网更换装置,其中可以在挤出机壳体的接收孔中设置能够横向于熔体的流动通道移动的转换滑阀。
在公开专利申请DE 28 11 771 A1中,描述了用于合成树脂挤出机的过滤筛网更换装置,其中挤出机内的流动路径被分成两个平行的子通道。在挤出机的出口之前,两个子通道重聚以形成单个出口通道。在所述两个子通道中的每个中都有一个可移动的板,所述可移动的板的一半是没有穿孔(Durchbrüche)的实心构造,另一半具有带插入的过滤筛网的孔。所述板被定位成使得,在操作期间,一个子通道在每种情况下由板的实心部分关掉,且塑料熔体流动经过位于另一子通道内的过滤筛网。为了清洁过滤筛网,所述板的位置被交换,以使得先前打开的通道然后被关闭,且熔体然后流动经过先前关闭的通道。污染的过滤筛网然后位于挤出机壳体外部并且能够被替换或清洁。
目的是开发一种通用类型的挤出机,使得生产相关的材料损失和停工时间可以比现有技术中已知的进一步减小。
根据本发明,此目的通过一种挤出机来实现,所述挤出机包括壳体,所述壳体具有用于熔体的流动通道且具有在出口侧上界定所述流动通道的穿孔板,其中在熔体的流动方向上且在所述穿孔板的前面,具有穿通表面和覆盖表面的入流元件被可移动地布置成使得,当使所述入流元件移动时,所述穿孔板中的第一子组孔被暴露,且所述穿孔板中的第二子组孔被关闭,其中在一个优选实施方案中,所述覆盖表面(5)从所述入流元件(3)的中心径向延伸到所述入流元件(3)的边缘。
在本发明的上下文中,穿孔板被认为是这样的部件:熔体在被供给以供进一步处理之前,自该穿孔板离开挤出机。在本发明的意义上,可选地存在于挤出机内的过滤装置或筛选装置不是“穿孔板”。
所述入流元件被用来将在挤出机出口的方向上流动的熔体导引到所述穿孔板的预定区域。出于此目的,所述入流元件包括覆盖表面和熔体可以流动通过的穿通表面,这些覆盖表面防止熔体流动到所述穿孔板的、在流动方向上位于所述覆盖表面后面的区域上。
在一个有利实施例中,所述入流元件具有入流圆锥体所述入流圆锥体的基面面向所述穿孔板的方向上且所述入流圆锥体逆着熔体的流动方向成圆锥形地逐渐变细。在此上下文中,术语“圆锥体”不应在严格的数学意义上来理解。在根据本发明的意义上,所述入流圆锥体可以具有圆锥体形状、截头圆锥体形状或逆着熔体的流动方向逐渐变细的一个其他形状。在此情况下,例如,基面可以是圆形的、椭圆形的或多边形的。此种入流圆锥体将流入的熔体径向向侧面地导引到通流表面和覆盖表面上,因此能够被用于使熔体均匀分布。
例如,所述入流元件的移动可以横向地或旋转地进行,只要在该过程中暴露和关闭所述穿孔板中的不同子组的孔即可。在另一个优选实施方案中,所述入流元件具有圆形横截面区域,且所述移动通过围绕所述横截面区域的中心旋转来实现。取决于所述穿通表面和所述覆盖表面的数目、大小和几何形状以及设置用于旋转的角度,所述穿孔板中的子组的孔的可以完全地或部分地暴露和关闭。
所述穿通表面和所述覆盖表面的数目、大小和几何形状可以被不同地配置,并且与特定情况下的要求和条件匹配。在一个优选实施方案中,所述覆盖表面从所述入流元件的中心径向延伸到其边缘。随着从中心到边缘的圆周增大,所述覆盖表面优选地在径向方向上朝向边缘变得更宽。此外,优选的是,在纵向截面中,所述覆盖表面具有一个轮廓,所述轮廓在面向所述穿孔板的基面处具有其最宽范围,且逆着熔体的流动方向逐渐变细。这种轮廓具有的优点是:将流动到所述覆盖表面上的熔体朝向其边缘导引远离所述覆盖表面,并且因此被导引到邻近的穿通表面上。
在另一个有利实施方案中,所述覆盖表面至少在它们的边缘处接触所述穿孔板。一方面,这避免了在所述覆盖表面和所述穿孔板的表面之间的一部分熔体可以在所述覆盖表面下面穿过的情形,且因此熔体仅能够流动通过出于此目的所设置的穿通表面。另一方面,在这样的实施方案中,所述覆盖表面的边缘实际上可以被用作剥离器,以在移动期间刮除可能粘附到穿孔板的表面的材料,从而防止所述穿孔板中的开口的过早堵塞。
所述入流元件的移动可以手动地实现,可选地在工具(诸如杠杆)的帮助下。所述移动优选地使用辅助动力(例如电力、气动或液压辅助动力)来实现。特别优选地,所述入流元件的移动在致动器的帮助下来实现。
在一个有利实施方案中,在挤出机的壳体中或上存在至少一个传感器,所述传感器适合于检测关于所述流动通道内的压力的信息。
从关于所述流动通道内的压力的信息,可以获得关于正在使用的通流表面的堵塞程度的信息。
在优选实施方案中,借助于用于电子数据传输的装置将此信息传输到指示器(Meldeeinrichtung)。例如,该指示器可以紧邻挤出机,以例如光学地和/或声学地注意孔板的即将到来的堵塞。然而,所述指示器也可以在空间上远离挤出机,例如,作为工艺控制系统中的光学和/或声学可感知的指示。
在一个优选实施方案中,根据本发明的挤出机具有用于使所述入流元件移动的致动器、至少一个用于检测所述流动通道内的压力的传感器和控制模块,其中所述控制模块被设计成使得,当达到所述压力或压力差的预定临界值时,所述入流元件在所述致动器的帮助下移动。
在一个有利实施方案中,所述传感器被布置和被设计成使得确定所述流动通道内的绝对压力。在另一个有利实施方案中,设置至少两个传感器,所述至少两个传感器被布置和被设计成使得确定压力差。所述压力或压力差的预定临界值优选地与正被处理的相应的熔体和对应的工艺条件匹配。因此,当检测绝对压力为临界值时,因此例如可以预设一个压力,所述压力比触发安全装置(诸如安全阀或截止阀)的压力低一定量。
所述控制模块可以以已知的方式实施,例如作为单独的微控制器、被集成到致动器被或作为工艺控制系统中的模块。
与已知设备相比,根据本发明的设备具有的优点是:用于清洁所需的挤出机的两次停工之间的生产时间明显延长。因此,例如当所述覆盖表面和穿通表面被以相同的比例分配时,所述挤出机的运行时间被加倍,因为在所述穿孔板中的第一子组的孔已经阻塞之后,仍存在包括清洁的孔的第二子组可用。另一个优点是所述子组的孔可以被不同地配置,使得通过移动所述入流元件可以在两个不同的生产质量之间或在不同的生产方法之间切换。在每种情况下,通过根据本发明的设备使工厂的可用性明显增加,从而增加了生产能力并且避免了材料损失。
下文参考附图更详细地解释本发明。附图应被理解为示意性例示。它不代表对本发明的限制,例如关于具体尺寸或变体实施方案。
所使用的附图标记的列表
1...流动通道
2...穿孔板
3...入流元件
4...穿通表面
5…覆盖表面
6...入流圆锥体
7...致动器
8...穿孔板的通流表面
9...第一板
10...第二板
11...密封件
12...粒化工具
图1示出了用在挤出机中的入流元件3的第一优选实施方案。左上方处的例示对应于在熔体的流动方向上的视图,而右下方处的例示对应于从穿孔板开始从相反方向的视图。入流元件3具有圆形横截面区域,且在其边缘处具有延伸部,该延伸部被设置用于移动入流元件3。在该横截面区域的中间存在入流圆锥体6,该入流圆锥体6的基面面向穿孔板的方向,且该入流圆锥体6逆着熔体的流动方向逐渐变细。从位于入流元件3的中心的入流圆锥体6开始,六个覆盖表面5径向向外延伸到入流元件3的边缘。在覆盖表面5之间存在开放区域,所述开放区域形成用于熔体的穿通表面4。
在所示的实施例中,随着从中心到边缘的圆周增大,覆盖表面5在径向方向上朝向边缘变得更宽。覆盖表面5的基面被定尺寸使得它们对应于穿通表面4。在纵向截面中(垂直于横截面区域),覆盖表面5具有一个轮廓,所述轮廓在面向穿孔板的基面上具有其最宽范围且逆着熔体的流动方向逐渐变细。因此,撞击在入流元件3上的熔体一方面通过入流圆锥体6的圆锥形形状被导引远离中心,并且另一方面由于覆盖表面5的成型被导引远离覆盖表面5到覆盖表面5的边缘且因此被导引到邻近的穿通表面4上。
图2示出了用在挤出机中的入流元件3的另一个优选实施方案。此实施方案与图1中示出的实施方案的不同之处仅在于入流圆锥体6和覆盖表面5的几何配置。入流圆锥体6的直径和轴向范围明显大于图1中示出的实施方案。因此,覆盖表面5和穿通表面4明显更小。因此,根据此实施方案的入流元件3暴露穿孔板的明显更小的区域以用于熔体流动穿过。
图3示出了在熔体的流动方向上观察到的安装在挤出机中的根据图1中的实施方案的入流元件3的平面视图。入流元件3被可旋转地安装在凸缘中。为了移动或旋转入流元件3,所述入流元件被连接到致动器7。在图4中,局部剖开地示出在安装状态中的图1和图3中例示的入流元件3。
图3中的上图示出了处于第一位置的入流元件3,在所述第一位置,穿孔板中的孔在穿通表面4后面,其结果是,穿孔板中的第一子组的孔被暴露。穿孔板中的第二子组的孔位于覆盖表面5后面并且因此被关闭。在图3中的下图中,入流元件3相对于上部图中的位置被逆时针旋转了30°。穿孔板中的先前打开的孔现在由覆盖表面5覆盖,而熔体现在可以流动通过先前覆盖的孔。
在所示的实施例中,穿孔板中的两个子组中的孔被不同地实施。在上部图中打开的孔的子组中,布置了大量的小孔。相反,在下部图中打开的孔的子组中布置较少但较大的孔。根据本发明的设备可以在两种大小的孔之间切换,而不停止熔体在挤出机内的流动,即停止挤出机。结果,可以灵活地切换操作模式而不损失运行时间。
在图5中以分解视图示意性地示出了本发明的一个优选实施方案。从挤出机,仅示出了挤出机出口。熔体的流动方向是从左到右。在挤出机的出口侧端部,第一板9和第二板10被以法兰连接并且牢固的方式连接到挤出机。
在上端和下端之间,第二板10在内部具有凹处,穿孔板2被可移动地安装在凹处中。穿孔板2包括两个通流表面8,两个通流表面8都含有多个通流开口。通流表面8的外轮廓(在通流开口周围的包络部)在每种情况下是圆形的,并且此时其横截面对应于流动通道1的内部横截面。为了移动穿孔板2,设置了致动器,该致动器能够通过线性运动而使该穿孔板大体上垂直于流动通道1移动。
在挤出机出口和第一板9之间布置入流元件3,该入流元件3可以在致动器7的帮助下以一个预定角度旋转。在此实施例中,该入流元件3对应于图2中示出的入流元件。为了避免熔体在不希望的位置逸出,在挤出机出口与入流元件3之间、穿孔板2与第二板10之间设置密封元件11。在设备的出口侧端部处设置粒化工具12,该粒化工具12承靠在穿孔板2上,且通过旋转运动将穿过通流开口出来的熔体线束切割成小颗粒。
Claims (9)
1.一种挤出机,所述挤出机包括壳体,所述壳体具有用于熔体的流动通道(1)且具有在出口侧上界定所述流动通道(1)的穿孔板(2),其特征在于,在熔体的流动方向上且在所述穿孔板(2)前面,具有穿通表面(4)和覆盖表面(5)的入流元件(3)被可移动地布置成使得,当使所述入流元件(3)移动时,所述穿孔板(2)中的第一子组孔被暴露,且所述穿孔板(2)中的第二子组孔被关闭。
2.根据权利要求1所述的挤出机,其中所述入流元件(3)具有入流圆锥体(6),所述入流圆锥体(6)的基面面向所述穿孔板(2)的方向上且所述入流圆锥体(6)逆着熔体的流动方向成圆锥形地逐渐变细。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的挤出机,其中所述入流元件(3)具有圆形横截面区域,且所述移动通过围绕所述横截面区域的中心旋转来实现。
4.一种挤出机,所述挤出机包括壳体,所述壳体具有用于熔体的流动通道(1)且具有在出口侧上界定所述流动通道(1)的穿孔板(2),其特征在于,在熔体的流动方向上且在所述穿孔板(2)前面,具有穿通表面(4)和覆盖表面(5)的入流元件(3)被可移动地布置成使得,当使所述入流元件(3)移动时,所述穿孔板(2)中的第一子组孔被暴露,且所述穿孔板(2)中的第二子组孔被关闭,其中所述覆盖表面(5)从所述入流元件(3)的中心径向延伸到所述入流元件(3)的边缘。
5.根据权利要求4所述的挤出机,其中在纵向截面中,所述覆盖表面(5)具有一个轮廓,所述轮廓在面向所述穿孔板(2)的基面上具有其最宽范围,且逆着熔体的流动方向逐渐变细。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的挤出机,其中所述入流元件(3)具有入流圆锥体(6),所述入流圆锥体(6)的基面面向所述穿孔板(2)的方向上,且所述入流圆锥体(6)逆着熔体的流动方向成圆锥形地逐渐变细。
7.根据权利要求4或5所述的挤出机,其中所述入流元件(3)具有圆形横截面区域,且所述移动通过围绕所述横截面区域的中心旋转来实现。
8.根据权利要求1至7中的一项所述的挤出机,其中所述覆盖表面(5)至少在它们的边缘处接触所述穿孔板(2)。
9.根据权利要求1至7中的一项所述的挤出机,所述挤出机还具有用于使所述入流元件(3)移动的致动器(7)、控制模块和至少一个用于检测所述流动通道(1)内的压力的传感器,其中所述控制模块被设计成使得,当达到所述压力或压力差的预定临界值时,所述入流元件(3)在所述致动器(7)的帮助下移动。
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CN103128950A (zh) * | 2011-11-24 | 2013-06-05 | 张家港市贝尔机械有限公司 | 均压热切粒机头 |
CN203171997U (zh) * | 2013-04-27 | 2013-09-04 | 浙江精诚模具机械有限公司 | 用于塑料挤出系统熔体净化的啮合传动式过滤器 |
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US4237014A (en) * | 1979-03-12 | 1980-12-02 | Beringer Co., Inc. | Flowable material passage with interposable slide member |
US5045254A (en) * | 1989-01-23 | 1991-09-03 | Amoco Corporation | Process for producing tubular film from thermoplastic molten material |
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CN203171997U (zh) * | 2013-04-27 | 2013-09-04 | 浙江精诚模具机械有限公司 | 用于塑料挤出系统熔体净化的啮合传动式过滤器 |
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US11981064B2 (en) | 2019-06-03 | 2024-05-14 | Nordson Corporation | Die plate heating/changing system and method for changing plates in a pelletizer |
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