CN108355612B - 内交联铪金属有机骨架材料的合成方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于材料化学技术领域,具体涉及一种内交联铪金属有机骨架材料的合成方法;包括如下步骤:(1)向蒸馏水中加入铪金属有机骨架材料,混匀,之后加入交联剂和催化剂,在40‑90℃下反应30‑80min,之后冷却、离心、洗涤、过滤,得产物;蒸馏水、铪金属有机骨架材料、交联剂、催化剂的投料比为(10‑20mL):0.1g:(0.3‑0.5g):(2‑10mL);(2)向产物中加入活化剂,在30‑50℃下回流48‑72h,得到内交联铪金属有机骨架材料;本发明提供的合成方法高效、环保,制得的内交联铪金属有机骨架材料使用安全、储氢能力高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料化学技术领域,具体涉及一种内交联铪金属有机骨架材料的合成方法。
背景技术
随着社会的发展和环境问题的日益严重,对清洁、可再生的能源的研究受到了人们的广泛关注。比如,氢气作为一种环境友好型的可再生能源,其用途非常广泛。氢气在常温下性质稳定,但在点燃或加热的条件下能与许多物质发生化学反应,因此氢能在应用时必须要考虑安全、有效储运的问题。
目前多孔材料吸附储氢成为研究热点,多孔材料吸附储氢具有能耗少、安全等优点。但是目前市场上应用的多孔材料的制备过程中使用大量的有机溶剂,虽然能提高多孔材料的储氢能力,却对环境造成了很大的污染。此外,现有技术中对于金属有机骨架材料的储氢性能研究大多还是停留在多晶结构,其储氢能力还有待提高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种内交联铪金属有机骨架材料的合成方法,合成过程高效、环保,制得的内交联铪金属有机骨架材料使用安全、储氢能力高。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种内交联铪金属有机骨架材料的合成方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)向蒸馏水中加入铪金属有机骨架材料,混匀,之后加入交联剂和催化剂,在40-90℃下反应30-80min,之后冷却、离心、洗涤、过滤,得产物;蒸馏水、铪金属有机骨架材料、交联剂、催化剂的投料比为(10mL-20mL):0.1g:(0.3g-0.5g):(2mL-10mL);
(2)向产物中加入活化剂,在30-50℃下回流48-72h,得到内交联铪金属有机骨架材料。
采用上述技术方案产生的有益效果在于:本发明提供的合成工艺简单、环保、高效;制得的内交联铪金属有机骨架材料在高压下可以吸附大量的氢气,具体的,通过N2吸附测试和储氢分析实验表明:该内交联铪金属有机骨架材料的比表面积为402-658m2/g,微孔体积占总孔体积的58.0%-86.1%之间,平均吸附孔径为2.292-3.324nm,在定容压力为1.8MPa时,其对氢气吸附量在2.55-50.71mmol/g,使用安全可靠、且储氢能力高。
具体的来说,所述铪金属有机骨架材料由如下方法制得:
(a)量取蒸馏水和冰乙酸,再加入四氯化铪,混合溶解,之后加入有机配体,在90-120℃下反应20-24h,冷却、离心、洗涤、过滤,得到粗产物备用;所述蒸馏水、冰乙酸、四氯化铪、有机配体的投料比为30mL:20mL:3mol:3mol;
(b)向粗产物中加入活化剂,按照0.3g:20-25mL的质量体积比向粗产物中加入无水甲醇,在50-70℃下回流48-72h,之后在温度为100-120℃,真空度为0.05MPa下对回流产物干燥12-24h,得到铪金属有机骨架材料。
更具体的来说,所述有机配体为为2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸、2-羟基对苯二甲酸、4'-羟基-[1,1'-联苯]-3,5-二羧酸、1-羟基-9,10-蒽二甲酸中的一种。事实上,有机配体为含羟基的苯环,或者杂为环的多羧基化合物,包括但不限于以上列出的具体材料。
实际的合成过程中,所述交联剂为甲醛、戊二醛、对苯二甲醛中的任意一种;所述催化剂为无机酸或有机碱;所述无机酸为盐酸或磷酸,有机碱为三乙胺、三甲胺、三丙胺中的一种;所述活化剂为无水甲醇。
作为优选方案,所述步骤2中回流得到的内交联铪金属有机骨架材料用无水乙醇洗涤2~3次,然后在温度为115~125℃、真空度为-0.1~0.05MPa的条件下干燥20-24h。对合成的内交联铪金属有机骨架材料通过低沸点溶剂的置换处理,可将多孔MOFs的孔道中的溶剂、单体置换去除,从而提高多孔MOFs的比表面积,进而进一步提高其储氢能力。经试验证明,采用上述参数条件制备得到的内交联铪金属有机骨架材料吸附氢气时在较小的压力条件下也可以实现动态平衡,储氢安全性能好。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例1-7对本发明公开的技术方案作进一步的说明。
实施例1:铪金属有机骨架材料的制备
(a)量取30mL蒸馏水和20mL冰乙酸于容器中,再加入3mol四氯化铪,搅拌,之后加入3mol2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸,在95℃下反应24h,冷却、离心、洗涤、过滤,得到粗产物备用;
(b)向粗产物中加入无水甲醇,在50℃下回流72h,之后在温度为120℃,真空度为0.05MPa下对回流产物干燥24h,得到铪金属有机骨架材料。
经检测,该铪金属有机骨架材料的比表面积为402m2/g,微孔体积占总孔体积的78.3%,平均吸附孔径为2.518nm,在定容压力为1.8MPa时,其对氢气的吸附量为2.55mmol/g。
实施例2:内交联铪金属有机骨架材料的制备
(1)称量实施例1制备的铪金属有机骨架材料0.1054g加入到10mL的蒸馏水中,之后加入0.4063g甲醛和6mL浓度为0.2mol/L的盐酸,在90℃下反应30min,之后冷却、离心、洗涤、过滤,得产物;
(2)将产物置于无水甲醇中,在30℃下回流置换72h,之后用无水乙醇洗涤回流产物2-3次,再在温度为120℃,真空度为0.04MPa下干燥24h,得内交联铪金属有机骨架材料。
经检测,该内交联铪金属有机骨架材料的比表面积为658m2/g,微孔体积占总孔体积的78.1%,平均吸附孔径为2.528nm,在定容压力为1.8MPa时,其对氢气的吸附量为4.14mmol/g。
实施例3:内交联铪金属有机骨架材料的制备
(1)称量实施例1制备的铪金属有机骨架材料0.1092g加入到10mL的蒸馏水中,之后加入0.4335g甲醛和8mL浓度为0.2mol/L的盐酸,在80℃下反应40min,之后冷却、离心、洗涤、过滤,得产物;
(2)将产物置于无水甲醇中,在50℃下回流置换48h,之后用无水乙醇洗涤回流产物2-3次,再在温度为120℃,真空度为0.03MPa下干燥24h,得内交联铪金属有机骨架材料。
经检测,该内交联铪金属有机骨架材料的比表面积为522m2/g,微孔体积占总孔体积的69.2%,平均吸附孔径为3.098nm,在定容压力为1.8MPa时,其对氢气的吸附量为3.87mmol/g。
实施例4:内交联铪金属有机骨架材料的制备
(1)称量实施例1制备的铪金属有机骨架材料0.1069g加入到10mL的蒸馏水中,之后加入0.4521g对苯二甲醛和5mL三甲胺,在70℃下反应50min,之后冷却、离心、洗涤、过滤,得产物;
(2)将产物置于无水甲醇中,在45℃下回流置换72h,之后用无水乙醇洗涤回流产物2-3次,再在温度为120℃,真空度为0.05MPa下干燥24h,得内交联铪金属有机骨架材料。
经检测,该内交联铪金属有机骨架材料的比表面积为418m2/g,微孔体积占总孔体积的58.0%,平均吸附孔径为3.324nm,在定容压力为1.8MPa时,其对氢气的吸附量为5.16mmol/g。
实施例5:内交联铪金属有机骨架材料的制备
(1)称量实施例1制备的铪金属有机骨架材料0.1036g加入到10mL的蒸馏水中,之后加入0.3495g戊二醛和4mL浓度为0.2mol/L的磷酸,在60℃下反应60min,之后冷却、离心、洗涤、过滤,得产物;
(2)将产物置于无水甲醇中,在40℃下回流置换48h,之后用无水乙醇洗涤回流产物2-3次,再在温度为120℃,真空度为0.05MPa下干燥24h,得内交联铪金属有机骨架材料。
经检测,该内交联铪金属有机骨架材料的比表面积为494m2/g,微孔体积占总孔体积的75.0%,平均吸附孔径为2.616nm,在定容压力为1.8MPa时,其对氢气的吸附量为50.71mmol/g。
实施例6:内交联铪金属有机骨架材料的制备
(1)称量实施例1制备的铪金属有机骨架材料0.1315g加入到10mL的蒸馏水中,之后加入0.4546g戊二醛和6mL浓度为0.2mol/L的三丙胺,在70℃下反应50min,之后冷却、离心、洗涤、过滤,得产物;
(2)将产物置于无水甲醇中,在40℃下回流置换72h,之后用无水乙醇洗涤回流产物2-3次,再在温度为120℃,真空度为0.01MPa下干燥24h,得内交联铪金属有机骨架材料。
经检测,该内交联铪金属有机骨架材料的比表面积为535m2/g,微孔体积占总孔体积的75.0%,平均吸附孔径为2.618nm,在定容压力为1.8MPa时,其对氢气的吸附量为42.09mmol/g。
实施例7:内交联铪金属有机骨架材料的制备
(1)称量实施例1制备的铪金属有机骨架材料0.1103g加入到10mL的蒸馏水中,之后加入0.3533g戊二醛和8mL三乙胺,在70℃下反应40min,之后冷却、离心、洗涤、过滤,得产物;
(2)将产物置于无水甲醇中,在50℃下回流置换72h,之后用无水乙醇洗涤回流产物2-3次,再在温度为120℃,真空度为0.05MPa下干燥24h,得内交联铪金属有机骨架材料。
经检测,该内交联铪金属有机骨架材料的比表面积为516m2/g,微孔体积占总孔体积的70.3%,平均吸附孔径为2.801nm,在定容压力为1.8MPa时,其对氢气的吸附量为27.90mmol/g。
Claims (6)
1.一种内交联铪金属有机骨架材料的合成方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)向蒸馏水中加入铪金属有机骨架材料,混匀,之后加入交联剂和催化剂,在40-90℃下反应30-80min,之后冷却、离心、洗涤、过滤,得产物;蒸馏水、铪金属有机骨架材料、交联剂、催化剂的投料比为(10mL-20mL):0.1g:(0.3g-0.5g):(2mL-10mL);
(2)向产物中加入活化剂,在30-50℃下回流48-72h,得到内交联铪金属有机骨架材料;
所述交联剂为甲醛、戊二醛、对苯二甲醛中的任意一种;
所述活化剂为无水甲醇。
2.根据权利要求1所述的内交联铪金属有机骨架材料的合成方法,其特征在于,所述铪金属有机骨架材料由如下方法制得:
(a)量取蒸馏水和冰乙酸,再加入四氯化铪,混合,之后加入有机配体,在90-120℃下反应20-24h,冷却、离心、洗涤、过滤,得到粗产物备用;所述蒸馏水、冰乙酸、四氯化铪、有机配体的投料比为30mL:20mL:3mol:3mol;
(b)按照0.3g:20-25mL的质量体积比向粗产物中加入活化剂无水甲醇,在50-70℃下回流48-72h,之后在温度为100-120℃,真空度为0.05MPa下对回流产物干燥12-24h,得到铪金属有机骨架材料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的内交联铪金属有机骨架材料的合成方法,其特征在于,所述有机配体为2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸、2-羟基对苯二甲酸、4'-羟基-[1,1'-联苯]-3,5-二羧酸、1-羟基-9,10-蒽二甲酸中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的内交联铪金属有机骨架材料的合成方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂为无机酸或有机碱。
5.根据权利要求4所述的内交联铪金属有机骨架材料的合成方法,其特征在于,所述无机酸为盐酸或磷酸,有机碱为三乙胺、三甲胺、三丙胺中的一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的内交联铪金属有机骨架材料的合成方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2) 中回流得到的内交联铪金属有机骨架材料用无水乙醇洗涤2~3次,然后在温度为115~125℃、真空度为-0.1~0.05MPa的条件下干燥20-24h。
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