CN108353741A - Oil tea grafting seedlings-growing method - Google Patents
Oil tea grafting seedlings-growing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108353741A CN108353741A CN201810048031.2A CN201810048031A CN108353741A CN 108353741 A CN108353741 A CN 108353741A CN 201810048031 A CN201810048031 A CN 201810048031A CN 108353741 A CN108353741 A CN 108353741A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/30—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using irradiation, e.g. solar or nuclear radiation; using electric or magnetic fields
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses oil tea grafting seedlings-growing methods, belong to the planting technology field of oil tea.This oil tea grafting seedlings-growing method includes the following steps：(1) presoaking and germinating；(2) seeding and seedling raising；(3) it grafts, including A, stock prepare, B, scion clip, C, grafting；(4) it transplants, is transplanted after being sprinkled into base manure in transplanting, the base manure is made of the following raw material：Dry pig manure, raw loess, tea bran, medical stone powder, phosphate fertilizer, urea, snippings, Honeysuckle bine, sweet wormwood, orange peel, ferrous sulfate, apple pomace and water；(5) it manages.The oil tea plant percent that this method engrafting and cultivating goes out is high, robust plant, and can shorten and cultivate the time, grows into forest after the field planting of oil tea nursery stock transplanting fast, and yield is high, and quality is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the planting technology fields of oil tea, and in particular to oil tea grafting seedlings-growing method.
Background technology
Oil tea is the woody oil tree species of China's Chinese medicine, widely distributed in south China.The tea processed with tea seed
The oily digestion that is easily absorbed by the body has blood pressure lowering, and reducing blood lipid, softening blood vessel and other effects, long-term consumption can enhance human immunity,
The generation for inhibiting and preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, is a kind of very popular high quality food oil.
Currently, plantation of the oil tea in China, generally existing is grown into forest time length, low output, inferior phenomenon.In plantation oil
In tea, new plant percent of planting is low, and huge economic loss is caused to numerous farmers.Therefore how oil tea to be avoided newly to plant seedlings
It is wooden a large amount of withered, improve urgent problem to be solved in oil tea planting survival rate and oil tea planting process.After oil tea seedling planting
The quality of survival rate and oil tea nursery stock have much relations, the oil tea nursery stock cultivated is healthy and strong, quality is good, then survival rate after being colonized
It is high.But current oil tea nursery technology is not ideal enough, will appear that plant percent is low, seedling during cultivating seedlings
The problems such as plant that Muyi is sick, cultivates is not healthy and strong enough.
The grafting of tea oil tree is one of main modes of reproduction of tea oil tree, can be kept well by the way of grafting
The fine quality in generation, therefore mainly use grafting in oil tea is afforested.Oil tea grafting mating system mainly has sprout stock to transfer
Connection and autumn branches method, but regardless of method, be both needed to be grafted again after cultivating excellent stock, it is trained in stock
It educates and takes considerable time and cost.
Currently, Nurse seed grafting is rapid due to being grown after easy to operate and grafting survival, apply in production most
Extensively.Oil-tea sprout anvil graft technology has tended to be ripe, but survival rate is still relatively low, more serious to the waste of excellent scion.It is different
Kind oil tea grafting when anvil fringe affinity performance have differences and the technical bottleneck of oil tea improved seeds nursery stock production it
One.The healing success or not of oil-tea sprout anvil graft is oil-tea sprout anvil graft an important factor for influencing graft survival rate
Though grafting has survived in cultivating process, the conditional regulatories such as external environment such as light, temperature, water, fertilizer and pest and disease damage it is unreasonable,
Cause out nursery stock rate low, the outplanting rate of oil-tea sprout stock grafting seedling is only 50% or so at this stage, far can not meet city
Demand of the field to fine quality oil tea seedling.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide oil tea grafting seedlings-growing method, oil tea plant percent that this method engrafting and cultivating goes out
Height, robust plant, and can shorten and cultivate the time, it grows into forest after the field planting of oil tea nursery stock transplanting fast, yield is high, and quality is good.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
Oil tea grafting seedlings-growing method, includes the following steps：
(1) presoaking and germinating：It selects full grains, without mildew and rot Seed of Camellia oleifera, after soaking seed 1-2 days, carries out vernalization, will soak seed
The fine sand of Seed of Camellia oleifera and moistening afterwards presses 1：The weight ratio of 2-3 after mixing, fills in soil, starts vernalization, works as oil
Tea seed can be taken off sowing after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
(2) seeding and seedling raising：After Seed of Camellia oleifera completes vernalization, Seed of Camellia oleifera is taken out, is seeded in the ground of garden, keeps soil
Relative humidity is in 30-40%, and after oil tea seedling is grown, weeding watering keeps relative moisture of the soil in 20-25%, when oil tea seedling is long
When up to 20-40cm, you can cut fringe and grafted；
(3) it grafts
A, stock prepares：The China tree seedling cultivated is taken, is cutting off China tree seedling at China tree seedling root 8-10cm,
The stock for taking the part of root to be grafted as oil tea seedling indulges partial application in the incision of stock, and longitudinal sectional depth is 2-3cm；
B, scion clip：In the lower section each partial application in both sides of buddering of oil tea seedling, lower end wedging, a leaf is stayed in oil tea scion
One bud；
C, it grafts：The oil tea scion cut is inserted into stock notch, interface is then packed tightly into sealing, then by stock
Main root cuts one third, obtains oil tea grafting；
(4) it transplants：Fertile, the good soil of irrigation and drainage is selected, weeds and miscellaneous stone are removed, after turning over drying 10-15 days, uniformly
Base manure, then harrow broken bedding are applied, then transplants oil tea grafting, root water is poured after plant, irrigates；The base manure is by the following raw material
It is made：Dry pig manure, raw loess, tea bran, medical stone powder, phosphate fertilizer, urea, snippings, Honeysuckle bine, sweet wormwood, orange peel, ferrous sulfate,
Apple pomace and water；
(5) it manages：The air themperature of planting-site is kept not less than 8 DEG C and is not higher than 30 DEG C, humidity 75-85%, and is protected
The relative humidity for holding planting-site soil is 20-30%.
Further, further include following steps in step (5)：Scaffolding frame is built above planting-site, frame includes support
Column and ceiling, ceiling are reticular structure, and Boston ivy is planted around planting-site, and Boston ivy is made to be climbed to ceiling along support column,
Shade for oil tea grafting and dims.
Further, the Boston ivy is in growth course, according to oil tea grafting to the demand of sunlight, by Boston ivy
Trimming or the processing of disconnected rattan are carried out, to reach required shading effect.
Further, the height of the frame is 2-2.5 meters.
Further, further include following steps in step (5)：After oil tea grafts transplantation of seedlings 7-10 days, with avermectin,
Pulverized limestone, tea bran, kaolin are 0.1-0.2 with weight ratio：2-3：2-4：15-20 is mixed, and is spread fertilizer over the fields in oil tea grafting root, often
The mu amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 40-50kg.
Further, in step (4), the base manure is made of the raw material of following parts by weight：It is dry pig manure 90-100 parts, raw yellow
It is 25-30 parts native, 15-20 parts of tea bran, 10-15 parts of medical stone powder, 8-15 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of snippings, 20-30 parts of Honeysuckle bine,
35-45 parts of 10-20 parts of sweet wormwood, 3-5 parts of orange peel, 3-5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 40-50 parts of apple pomace and water；The base manure is applied per acre
It is 2000-2500kg to enter amount.
Further, the base manure is made of the raw material of following parts by weight：96 parts of dry pig manure, raw 27 parts of loess, tea bran 18
Part, 14 parts of medical stone powder, 11 parts of urea, 15 parts of snippings, 27 parts of Honeysuckle bine, 16 parts of sweet wormwood, 4 parts of orange peel, 4 parts of ferrous sulfate,
40 parts of 48 parts of apple pomace and water.
Further, the preparation method of the base manure is as follows：
A, snippings, Honeysuckle bine, sweet wormwood, ferrous sulfate, apple pomace and water are mixed by weight, is 30-40 in temperature
DEG C environment in ferment 30-35 days after, filtering, take filtrate spare, take filter residue spare；
B, filter residue made from dry pig manure, raw loess, tea bran, medical stone powder, orange peel and step a is mixed by weight equal
It is even, obtain mixture；
C, urea is added in filtrate made from step a, after mixing, obtains mixed liquor；
D, it to mixed liquor made from mixture sprinkling step c made from step b, is uniformly mixed, obtains base manure semi-finished product, use
Ultra violet lamp base manure semi-finished product, ultraviolet lamp power are 10-15W, irradiation time 6-8h, and irradiation process stirs every 30min
Base manure semi-finished product are primary, you can obtain base manure.
Further, in step (1), the preparation method of seed-soaking liquid used in the seed soaking is as follows：In parts by weight will
10-20 parts of oleander cauline leafs and 5-10 parts of yam bean cauline leafs are added in 90-100 parts of clear water and decoct 20-30min, cooled and filtered,
Sodium molybdate is added in filtrate, stirring and dissolving is uniform, and the sodium molybdate being added in every liter of filtrate is 60-70mg.Pass through oleander
The effect of the antibacterial disinfection of cauline leaf and yam bean cauline leaf, can guarantee seed health, normal to germinate, and the ammonium molybdate being added can be accelerated
The budding time of Seed of Camellia oleifera, and keep emergence strong, neat, it lays the foundation for later stage engrafting and cultivating.
Advantageous effect：
1, the mutual cooperation of each step through the invention can make the oil tea plant percent after engrafting and cultivating high, outplanting rate
Up to 95% or more, oil tea grafting is few sick, and growth is fast and healthy and strong, and the oil tea nursery stock quality cultivated is good.
2, the base manure that this oil tea grafting seedlings-growing method is applied in seedling raising process is supported by the fermentation of each component, reaction
Divide comprehensive.Oil tea nursery stock is suitble to cultivate in Acid soil, this nursery fertilizer is by ferrous sulfate, the reaction of apple pomace and water,
Coordinate again with other components, is sprinkled into nursery, the pH value of soil can be adjusted, soil environment is made to be more suitable for the life of oil tea nursery stock
Long demand.Tea bran is added in base manure, the oil tea saponin contained has antibacterial and antioxidation, can reduce the life of oil tea nursery stock
The disease occurred in growth process.Base manure is also easy to produce peculiar smell and infested, this just gives because raw material is more and miscellaneous after everfermentation
Subsequent use increases trouble, and the orange peel in this nursery fertilizer is reacted after addition with other raw materials, can remove foul smell, and
It can ensure that the base manure for preparing and completing is insect-free.Snippings, Honeysuckle bine and sweet wormwood in base manure pass through certain means and other raw materials
It is fermented and is reacted, the pest and disease damage that oil tea grafting is met in growth course can be reduced.The present invention is made using China tree
For stock, China tree itself has higher defense reaction to pest and disease damage, can reduce the generation of pest and disease damage, improve oil tea nursery stock at
Motility rate and quality, while the plenty of time that can effectively avoid conventional method from being expended in stock cultivation and cost.Itself uses China tree
Survival rate as stock grafting oil-tea sprout is not high, but through the mutual cooperation of each step of the present invention, can make oil-tea sprout
It heals successfully with China tree stock, and grows very fast, raising survival rate, shortening oil tea outplanting time.
3, during the engrafting and cultivating of oil tea nursery stock, the disease often occurred has：Nursery stock stem rot, disease is generally from June
Take place, 7-9 month high temperature and droughts, state of an illness aggravation, summer long term high temperature can then fall ill very heavy；Nursery stock southern blight, is also named nursery stock
Sclerotium root rot generally takes place in June, and the 7-9 months are morbidity peak period, sclerotium are formed on sick portion's subiculum, in soil property
Viscous weight, impeded drainage, soil is shallow, and fertility is insufficient and acidity is to neutral soil, and seedling growth is bad, easily falls ill.The present invention
By applying base manure, increases the soil organism and nitrogen quantity is high, and antagonistic microbe group in soil can be improved, base manure is easily by oil tea
Grafting absorbs, and keeps seedling growth healthy and strong, significantly reduces incidence.Pass through avermectin, pulverized limestone, tea bran, kaolinic phase
Mutually cooperation can sterilize antibacterial, reduction disease and underground pests.Oil tea graft or so the latter moon be the key that seedling healing when
Phase, arid can all cause nursery stock healing difficult, and when high temperature and drought should increase degree of shading, reduce illumination, spray in time, with reducing garden
Temperature, the present invention plant Boston ivy by scaffolding, can effectively shade, and filter, and breathe freely, so as to prevent in 7-9 month high temperature day
All kinds of diseases that gas occurs improve the survival rate and quality of oil tea grafting.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
Oil tea grafting seedlings-growing method, includes the following steps：
(1) presoaking and germinating：It selects full grains, without mildew and rot Seed of Camellia oleifera, after soaking seed 1.5 days, carries out vernalization, will soak seed
The fine sand of Seed of Camellia oleifera and moistening afterwards presses 1：2.5 weight ratio after mixing, fills in soil, starts vernalization, works as oil
Tea seed can be taken off sowing after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
The preparation method of seed-soaking liquid used in the seed soaking is as follows：In parts by weight by 16 parts of oleander cauline leafs and 7 parts
Yam bean cauline leaf is added in 95 parts of clear water and decocts 25min, and sodium molybdate is added in cooled and filtered in filtrate, and stirring and dissolving is uniformly
Can, the sodium molybdate being added in every liter of filtrate is 65mg.
(2) seeding and seedling raising：After Seed of Camellia oleifera completes vernalization, Seed of Camellia oleifera is taken out, is seeded in the ground of garden, keeps soil
Relative humidity is in 30-40%, and after oil tea seedling is grown, weeding watering keeps relative moisture of the soil in 20-25%, when oil tea seedling is long
When up to 25-30cm, you can cut fringe and grafted.
(3) it grafts
A, stock prepares：The China tree seedling cultivated is taken, China tree seedling is being cut off at China tree seedling root 9cm, is being taken
There is the stock that the part of root is grafted as oil tea seedling, indulges partial application in the incision of stock, longitudinal sectional depth is 2-3cm；
B, scion clip：In the lower section each partial application in both sides of buddering of oil tea seedling, lower end wedging, a leaf is stayed in oil tea scion
One bud；
C, it grafts：The oil tea scion cut is inserted into stock notch, interface is then packed tightly into sealing, then by stock
Main root cuts one third, obtains oil tea grafting.
(4) it transplants：Fertile, the good soil of irrigation and drainage is selected, weeds and miscellaneous stone are removed, after turning over drying 13 days, is uniformly applied
Enter base manure, then harrow broken bedding, then transplant oil tea grafting, pours root water after plant, irrigate；The base manure is by following parts by weight
Raw material be made：96 parts of dry pig manure, raw 27 parts of loess, 18 parts of tea bran, 14 parts of medical stone powder, 11 parts of urea, 15 parts of snippings, gold and silver
40 parts of 27 parts of rattan of flower, 16 parts of sweet wormwood, 4 parts of orange peel, 4 parts of ferrous sulfate, 48 parts of apple pomace and water；The sowing amount per acre of the base manure
For 2400kg.
The preparation method of the base manure is as follows：
A, snippings, Honeysuckle bine, sweet wormwood, ferrous sulfate, apple pomace and water are mixed by weight, is 35 DEG C in temperature
After fermenting 32 days in environment, filtering takes filtrate spare, takes filter residue spare；
B, filter residue made from dry pig manure, raw loess, tea bran, medical stone powder, orange peel and step a is mixed by weight equal
It is even, obtain mixture；
C, urea is added in filtrate made from step a, after mixing, obtains mixed liquor；
D, it to mixed liquor made from mixture sprinkling step c made from step b, is uniformly mixed, obtains base manure semi-finished product, use
Ultra violet lamp base manure semi-finished product, ultraviolet lamp power are 10W, irradiation time 7h, and irradiation process stirs base manure half every 30min
Finished product is primary, you can obtains base manure.
(5) it manages：The air themperature of planting-site is kept not less than 8 DEG C and is not higher than 30 DEG C, humidity 75-80%, and is protected
The relative humidity for holding planting-site soil is 25-30%.
Further include following steps in management：Scaffolding frame is built above planting-site, the height of frame is 2.2 meters.Frame
Including support column and ceiling, ceiling is reticular structure, and Boston ivy is planted around planting-site, and Boston ivy is made to be climbed along support column
To ceiling, for the shade light modulation of oil tea grafting.The Boston ivy is in growth course, the demand according to oil tea grafting to sunlight
Boston ivy is carried out trimming or disconnected rattan is handled, to reach required shading effect by amount.
Further include following pest control procedures in management：After oil tea grafts transplantation of seedlings 8 days, with avermectin, lime
Powder, tea bran, kaolin are with weight ratio for 0.15：2.7：3：18 mixing, spread fertilizer over the fields in oil tea grafting root, and the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is per acre
45kg。
Embodiment 2
Oil tea grafting seedlings-growing method, includes the following steps：
(1) presoaking and germinating：It selects full grains, without mildew and rot Seed of Camellia oleifera, after soaking seed 1 day, vernalization is carried out, after seed soaking
Seed of Camellia oleifera and moistening fine sand press 1：2 weight ratio after mixing, fills in soil, starts vernalization, when oil tea kind
Son can be taken off sowing after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
The preparation method of seed-soaking liquid used in the seed soaking is as follows：In parts by weight by 10 parts of oleander cauline leafs and 5 parts
Yam bean cauline leaf is added in 90 parts of clear water and decocts 20min, and sodium molybdate is added in cooled and filtered in filtrate, and stirring and dissolving is uniformly
Can, the sodium molybdate being added in every liter of filtrate is 60mg.
(2) seeding and seedling raising：After Seed of Camellia oleifera completes vernalization, Seed of Camellia oleifera is taken out, is seeded in the ground of garden, keeps soil
Relative humidity is in 30-40%, and after oil tea seedling is grown, weeding watering keeps relative moisture of the soil in 20-25%, when oil tea seedling is long
When up to 30-40cm, you can cut fringe and grafted.
(3) it grafts
A, stock prepares：The China tree seedling cultivated is taken, China tree seedling is being cut off at China tree seedling root 8cm, is being taken
There is the stock that the part of root is grafted as oil tea seedling, indulges partial application in the incision of stock, longitudinal sectional depth is 2-3cm；
B, scion clip：In the lower section each partial application in both sides of buddering of oil tea seedling, lower end wedging, a leaf is stayed in oil tea scion
One bud；
C, it grafts：The oil tea scion cut is inserted into stock notch, interface is then packed tightly into sealing, then by stock
Main root cuts one third, obtains oil tea grafting.
(4) it transplants：Fertile, the good soil of irrigation and drainage is selected, weeds and miscellaneous stone are removed, after turning over drying 10 days, is uniformly applied
Enter base manure, then harrow broken bedding, then transplant oil tea grafting, pours root water after plant, irrigate；The base manure is by following parts by weight
Raw material be made：90 parts of dry pig manure, raw 25 parts of loess, 15 parts of tea bran, 10 parts of medical stone powder, 8 parts of urea, 10 parts of snippings, gold and silver
35 parts of 20 parts of rattan of flower, 10 parts of sweet wormwood, 3 parts of orange peel, 3 parts of ferrous sulfate, 40 parts of apple pomace and water；The sowing amount per acre of the base manure
For 2000kg.
The preparation method of the base manure is as follows：
A, snippings, Honeysuckle bine, sweet wormwood, ferrous sulfate, apple pomace and water are mixed by weight, is 30 DEG C in temperature
After fermenting 35 days in environment, filtering takes filtrate spare, takes filter residue spare；
B, filter residue made from dry pig manure, raw loess, tea bran, medical stone powder, orange peel and step a is mixed by weight equal
It is even, obtain mixture；
C, urea is added in filtrate made from step a, after mixing, obtains mixed liquor；
D, it to mixed liquor made from mixture sprinkling step c made from step b, is uniformly mixed, obtains base manure semi-finished product, use
Ultra violet lamp base manure semi-finished product, ultraviolet lamp power are 10W, irradiation time 8h, and irradiation process stirs base manure half every 30min
Finished product is primary, you can obtains base manure.
(5) it manages：The air themperature of planting-site is kept not less than 8 DEG C and is not higher than 30 DEG C, humidity 80-85%, and is protected
The relative humidity for holding planting-site soil is 20-25%.
Further include following steps in management：Scaffolding frame is built above planting-site, the height of frame is 2 meters.Frame packet
Include support column and ceiling, ceiling is reticular structure, and Boston ivy is planted around planting-site, make Boston ivy along support column climb to
Ceiling, for the shade light modulation of oil tea grafting.The Boston ivy is in growth course, the demand according to oil tea grafting to sunlight
Boston ivy is carried out trimming or disconnected rattan is handled, to reach required shading effect by amount.
Further include following pest control procedures in management：After oil tea grafts transplantation of seedlings 7 days, with avermectin, lime
Powder, tea bran, kaolin are with weight ratio for 0.1：2：2：15 mixing are spread fertilizer over the fields in oil tea grafting root, and the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 40kg per acre.
Embodiment 3
Oil tea grafting seedlings-growing method, includes the following steps：
(1) presoaking and germinating：It selects full grains, without mildew and rot Seed of Camellia oleifera, after soaking seed 2 days, vernalization is carried out, after seed soaking
Seed of Camellia oleifera and moistening fine sand press 1：3 weight ratio after mixing, fills in soil, starts vernalization, when oil tea kind
Son can be taken off sowing after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
The preparation method of seed-soaking liquid used in the seed soaking is as follows：In parts by weight by 20 parts of oleander cauline leafs and 10 parts
Yam bean cauline leaf is added in 100 parts of clear water and decocts 30min, and sodium molybdate is added in cooled and filtered in filtrate, and stirring and dissolving is uniformly
Can, the sodium molybdate being added in every liter of filtrate is 70mg.
(2) seeding and seedling raising：After Seed of Camellia oleifera completes vernalization, Seed of Camellia oleifera is taken out, is seeded in the ground of garden, keeps soil
Relative humidity is in 30-40%, and after oil tea seedling is grown, weeding watering keeps relative moisture of the soil in 20-25%, when oil tea seedling is long
When up to 20-40cm, you can cut fringe and grafted.
(3) it grafts
A, stock prepares：The China tree seedling cultivated is taken, China tree seedling is being cut off at China tree seedling root 10cm, is being taken
There is the stock that the part of root is grafted as oil tea seedling, indulges partial application in the incision of stock, longitudinal sectional depth is 2-3cm；
B, scion clip：In the lower section each partial application in both sides of buddering of oil tea seedling, lower end wedging, a leaf is stayed in oil tea scion
One bud；
C, it grafts：The oil tea scion cut is inserted into stock notch, interface is then packed tightly into sealing, then by stock
Main root cuts one third, obtains oil tea grafting.
(4) it transplants：Fertile, the good soil of irrigation and drainage is selected, weeds and miscellaneous stone are removed, after turning over drying 15 days, is uniformly applied
Enter base manure, then harrow broken bedding, then transplant oil tea grafting, pours root water after plant, irrigate；The base manure is by following parts by weight
Raw material be made：100 parts of dry pig manure, raw 30 parts of loess, 20 parts of tea bran, 15 parts of medical stone powder, 15 parts of urea, 20 parts of snippings, gold
45 parts of 30 parts of honeysuckle stem, 20 parts of sweet wormwood, 5 parts of orange peel, 5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 50 parts of apple pomace and water；The application per acre of the base manure
Amount is 2500kg.
The preparation method of the base manure is as follows：
A, snippings, Honeysuckle bine, sweet wormwood, ferrous sulfate, apple pomace and water are mixed by weight, is 40 DEG C in temperature
After fermenting 30 days in environment, filtering takes filtrate spare, takes filter residue spare；
B, filter residue made from dry pig manure, raw loess, tea bran, medical stone powder, orange peel and step a is mixed by weight equal
It is even, obtain mixture；
C, urea is added in filtrate made from step a, after mixing, obtains mixed liquor；
D, it to mixed liquor made from mixture sprinkling step c made from step b, is uniformly mixed, obtains base manure semi-finished product, use
Ultra violet lamp base manure semi-finished product, ultraviolet lamp power are 15W, irradiation time 6h, and irradiation process stirs base manure half every 30min
Finished product is primary, you can obtains base manure.
(5) it manages：The air themperature of planting-site is kept not less than 8 DEG C and is not higher than 30 DEG C, humidity 75-85%, and is protected
The relative humidity for holding planting-site soil is 20-30%.
Further include following illumination management step in management：Scaffolding frame is built above planting-site, the height of frame is
2.5 rice.Frame includes support column and ceiling, and ceiling is reticular structure, and Boston ivy is planted around planting-site, make Boston ivy along
Support column is climbed to ceiling, for the shade light modulation of oil tea grafting.The Boston ivy is in growth course, according to oil tea grafting pair
Boston ivy is carried out trimming or disconnected rattan is handled, to reach required shading effect by the demand of sunlight.
Further include following pest control procedures in management：After oil tea grafts transplantation of seedlings 10 days, with avermectin, stone
Ashes, tea bran, kaolin are with weight ratio for 0.2：3：4：20 mixing, spread fertilizer over the fields in oil tea grafting root, and the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is per acre
50kg。
Comparative example 1
It is substantially the same manner as Example 1, the difference is that：In step (4), base manure is replaced with pig manure.
Comparative example 2
It is substantially the same manner as Example 1, the difference is that：Save the illumination management step in step (5).
Comparative example 3
It is substantially the same manner as Example 1, the difference is that：Save the pest control procedures in step (5).
Comparative example 4
The cultivation of oil tea nursery stock is carried out using traditional grafting seedlings-growing method.
Nursery, each embodiment/comparison are carried out to oil tea using the grafting seedlings-growing method of embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1-4
Example cultivates 0.07 hectare, until when being out of the garden, the related data record of oil tea grafting and analysis are specifically shown in Table 1.
Table 1
| Project | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | Comparative example 4 |
| Survival rate (%) | 98 | 95 | 96 | 77 | 85 | 81 | 52 |
| Illness rate (%) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 11 | 7 | 9 | 43 |
Survival rate in table 1 refer to survived when being out of the garden oil tea nursery stock quantity account for grafting sum percentage；Illness rate is
The plant number for occurring nursery stock correlation disease in finger oil tea grafting growth course accounts for the percentage of total number.
As can be seen from Table 1, the oil tea plant percent of embodiment 1-3 engrafting and cultivatings is high, up to 95% or more, illness rate
It is low, be 3% hereinafter, from the data of comparative example 1-3 can be seen that the present invention use base manure, illumination management, prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control side
Method has a certain impact to the survival rate and illness rate of oil tea grafting.Comparative example 4 is with embodiment 1-3 comparisons it is found that this hair
The bright effectively raising oil tea plant percent of engrafting and cultivating method energy, and the illness rate of nursery stock can be substantially reduced, it cultivates
The oil tea nursery stock gone out is healthy and strong, and quality is good, provides safeguard for the later stage field planting of oil tea nursery stock.
The oil tea nursery stock transplanting field planting that embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1-4 engrafting and cultivatings are gone out, every group of field planting 0.07 hectare carry out
Contrast test, Cultivate administration method during which is identical, and when Growth of Camellia oleifera was to the 7th year, picking camellia oleifera fruit is processed, specifically
Data are shown in Table 2.
Table 2
The tea seed total output of embodiment 1-3 is higher it can be seen from the drier oil tea seed total output data of table 2, passes through this
The oil tea seedling quality that invention engrafting and cultivating goes out is good, the later stage field planting after tea oil tree because growth it is good, camellia oleifera fruit yield compared with
The tea seed of height, output is naturally also heavier；The yield of comparative example 1-3 decreases, the yield degradation of comparative example 4, thus
As it can be seen that after using the oil tea seedling growth of engrafting and cultivating of the present invention, plant strain growth is healthy and strong, can effectively improve the yield of camellia oleifera fruit.
Although the present invention is disclosed as above with preferred embodiment, so it is not intended to limiting the invention, any this field skill
Art personnel, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, when a little modification and perfect, therefore the protection model of the present invention can be made
It encloses to work as and is subject to what claims were defined.
Claims (9)
1. oil tea grafting seedlings-growing method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1) presoaking and germinating：It selects full grains, without mildew and rot Seed of Camellia oleifera, after soaking seed 1-2 days, vernalization is carried out, after seed soaking
Seed of Camellia oleifera and the fine sand of moistening press 1：The weight ratio of 2-3 after mixing, fills in soil, starts vernalization, when oil tea kind
Son can be taken off sowing after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
(2) seeding and seedling raising：After Seed of Camellia oleifera completes vernalization, Seed of Camellia oleifera is taken out, is seeded in the ground of garden, keeps soil opposite
Humidity is in 30-40%, and after oil tea seedling is grown, weeding watering keeps relative moisture of the soil in 20-25%, when oil tea seedling is grown up to
When 20-40cm, you can cut fringe and grafted；
(3) it grafts
A, stock prepares：The China tree seedling cultivated is taken, China tree seedling is being cut off at China tree seedling root 8-10cm, is being taken
The stock that the part of root is grafted as oil tea seedling indulges partial application in the incision of stock, and longitudinal sectional depth is 2-3cm；
B, scion clip：In the lower section each partial application in both sides of buddering of oil tea seedling, lower end wedging, a leaf one is stayed in oil tea scion
Bud；
C, it grafts：The oil tea scion cut is inserted into stock notch, interface is then packed tightly into sealing, then by the main root of stock
One third is cut, oil tea grafting is obtained；
(4) it transplants：Fertile, the good soil of irrigation and drainage is selected, weeds and miscellaneous stone are removed, after turning over drying 10-15 days, is uniformly applied
Base manure, then harrow broken bedding, then oil tea grafting is transplanted, root water is poured after plant, is irrigated；The base manure is by the following raw material system
At：Dry pig manure, raw loess, tea bran, medical stone powder, phosphate fertilizer, urea, snippings, Honeysuckle bine, sweet wormwood, orange peel, ferrous sulfate, apple
Pomace and water；
(5) it manages：The air themperature of planting-site is kept not less than 8 DEG C and is not higher than 30 DEG C, and keeps the opposite of planting-site soil
Humidity is 20-30%.
2. oil tea grafting seedlings-growing method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Further include following steps in step (5)：
Scaffolding frame is built above planting-site, frame includes support column and ceiling, and ceiling is reticular structure, plants and climbs around planting-site
Mountain tiger, makes Boston ivy be climbed to ceiling along support column, for the shade light modulation of oil tea grafting.
3. oil tea grafting seedlings-growing method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：The Boston ivy is in growth course, root
According to oil tea grafting to the demand of sunlight, Boston ivy is subjected to trimming or disconnected rattan is handled, to reach required shading effect.
4. oil tea grafting seedlings-growing method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：The height of the frame is 2-2.5 meters.
5. oil tea grafting seedlings-growing method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Further include following steps in step (5)：
With weight ratio it is 0.1-0.2 with avermectin, pulverized limestone, tea bran, kaolin after oil tea grafts transplantation of seedlings 7-10 days：2-3：2-
4：15-20 is mixed, and is spread fertilizer over the fields in oil tea grafting root, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 40-50kg per acre.
6. oil tea grafting seedlings-growing method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (4), the base manure by weighing as follows
The raw material of amount part is made：Dry pig manure 90-100 parts, raw 25-30 parts of loess, 15-20 parts of tea bran, 10-15 parts of medical stone powder, urea
8-15 parts, 10-20 parts of snippings, 20-30 parts of Honeysuckle bine, 10-20 parts of sweet wormwood, 3-5 parts of orange peel, 3-5 parts of ferrous sulfate, apple pomace
40-50 parts and 35-45 parts of water；The sowing amount per acre of the base manure is 2000-2500kg.
7. oil tea grafting seedlings-growing method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that：The base manure by following parts by weight raw material
It is made：96 parts of dry pig manure, raw 27 parts of loess, 18 parts of tea bran, 14 parts of medical stone powder, 11 parts of urea, 15 parts of snippings, Honeysuckle bine 27
40 parts of part, 16 parts of sweet wormwood, 4 parts of orange peel, 4 parts of ferrous sulfate, 48 parts of apple pomace and water.
8. oil tea grafting seedlings-growing method as claimed in claims 6 or 7, which is characterized in that the preparation method of the base manure is as follows：
A, snippings, Honeysuckle bine, sweet wormwood, ferrous sulfate, apple pomace and water are mixed by weight, is 30-40 DEG C in temperature
After fermenting 30-35 days in environment, filtering takes filtrate spare, takes filter residue spare；
B, filter residue made from dry pig manure, raw loess, tea bran, medical stone powder, orange peel and step a is uniformly mixed by weight,
Obtain mixture；
C, urea is added in filtrate made from step a, after mixing, obtains mixed liquor；
D, it to mixed liquor made from mixture sprinkling step c made from step b, is uniformly mixed, obtains base manure semi-finished product, use is ultraviolet
Light irradiation base manure semi-finished product, ultraviolet lamp power are 10-15W, irradiation time 6-8h, and irradiation process stirs base manure every 30min
Semi-finished product are primary, you can obtain base manure.
9. oil tea grafting seedlings-growing method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (1), used in the seed soaking
The preparation method of seed-soaking liquid is as follows：90-100 is added in 10-20 parts of oleander cauline leafs and 5-10 parts of yam bean cauline leafs in parts by weight
20-30min is decocted in part clear water, sodium molybdate is added in cooled and filtered in filtrate, and stirring and dissolving is uniform, every liter of filtrate
The sodium molybdate of middle addition is 60-70mg.
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