CN108350806B - 燃气轮机系统 - Google Patents
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种燃气轮机系统,包括:氨源(3)和含氧气体源(1);被连接以接纳氨、富氢气流(24)和含氧气体的第一燃烧室(2);被连接以接纳来自所述第一燃烧室的排气流(26)的涡轮机(6);和被连接以接纳来自所述涡轮机的排气(34)、氨(28)和富氢气流(30)的第二燃烧室(7)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及氨的燃烧以释放能量。特别地,本发明涉及通过氨的燃烧而提供燃料的燃气轮机的操作。
背景技术
已知的通过氨的燃烧从氨释放能量的程序需要供应氨、含氧气体和氢。氢的供应和储存是昂贵的并且引起安全问题,而本发明不需要储存氢气。优选的是尽可能高效地运行从氨释放能量的过程,同时能量浪费最少。优选的是不需要外部热源或能量源来操作用于氨的燃烧的过程。
发明内容
因此,本发明提供了一种燃气轮机系统和一种用于从氨提取能量的方法。
具体地,本发明提供了一种燃气轮机系统,包括:氨源和含氧气体源;第一燃烧室,被连接以接纳三种气流:氨、富氢气流和含氧气体;涡轮机,被连接以接纳来自第一燃烧室的排气流;以及第二燃烧室,被连接以接纳三种气流:来自涡轮机的排气、氨和富氢气流。
燃气轮机系统还可包括第一裂化室,该第一裂化室被布置为:接纳来自氨源的氨,以及将富氢气流供应至第一燃烧室。该富氢气流供应氨的燃烧所需要的氢,而不需要提供和存储氢。
燃气轮机系统还可包括第二裂化室,该第二裂化室被布置为接纳来自氨源的氨并将富氢气流供应至第二燃烧室。该富氢气流供应氨的燃烧所需要的氢,而不需要提供和存储氢。
该裂化室或每个裂化室的温度可以由来自第二燃烧室的排气的流量的质量控制来调节。这提供了温度控制,而无需外部加热源。
燃气轮机系统还可包括一个热交换器,该热交换器被布置为接纳来自第二燃烧室的排气。可以提供如下蒸汽轮机,该蒸汽轮机由源自所述热交换器的热来操作。
本发明还提供一种用于氨的燃烧的方法,包括以下步骤:将含氧气体提供至第一燃烧室;将氨提供至第一燃烧室;将富氢气体提供至第一燃烧室;在第一燃烧室中执行第一燃烧;将来自第一燃烧室的排气供应至第二燃烧室;将氨供应至第二燃烧室;将富氢气体供应至第二燃烧室;以及以增加的当量比在第二燃烧室中执行第二燃烧。当量比实际上是化学计量比。
被供应至第一燃烧室的富氢气体可由氨的裂化产生。
被供应至第二燃烧室的富氢气体可由氨的裂化产生。
裂化可在升高的温度下实施,该升高的温度由来自第二燃烧室的排气的流量提供。
该方法还可包括从来自第二燃烧室的排气流去除废热并回收能量的步骤。
本发明还提供一种从氨提取能量的方法,包括执行氨的燃烧,并包括以下步骤:连接用以接纳来自第一燃烧室的排气的涡轮机,并将来自涡轮机的排气提供至第二燃烧室,通过所述涡轮机的气体流动产生机械输出。
附图说明
通过考虑以下仅作为示例给出的具体实施例的描述,本申请的上述和更多目的、特征和优点将变得更加清楚,其中:
图1示意性地图示出了本发明的一个实施例。
图1示出了根据本发明示例性实施例的燃气轮机系统,其包括可选特征。本发明的必要特征在所附的独立权利要求中阐述。
具体实施方式
在所图示的实施例中,燃气轮机系统包括诸如压气机1的源,其提供诸如空气的含氧气体,并且将其传送到第一燃烧室2中。氨3通过经校准的质量流量分离器4,其中一部分质量流量被直接传送到第一燃烧室2,并且第二部分被传送到裂化室5。裂化室5含有催化剂(Ru、Rh、Pt、Pd或类似物),其促进氨NH3分解成包括氮、氢和其它成分的富氢气体混合物。通过改变氨和催化剂的温度来控制分解的程度。氨和催化剂的升高的温度可以通过与来自第二燃烧室7的排气流20进行热交换来实现,这将在下面描述。升高的温度可以通过如下来控制,即,改变经过热交换器的氨的质量流量和经过第一裂化室的催化剂床的排气流20的质量流量。
氨流22和富氢流24被注入第一燃烧室2中,燃烧在第一燃烧室2中发生,以产生热和排气流26。由于氨(NH3)的不完全燃烧,排气流将具有高水平的NOx。排气流26被供应至涡轮机6,在那里功被传递到轴或类似物,以产生机械输出。
离开涡轮机的排气流26是热的并且被引导至第二燃烧室7。氨3流入第二经校准的流量分离器8中,其中氨的质量流量的一部分作为氨流28而被直接传送到第二燃烧室7。第二部分被传送到第二裂化室9。该裂化室9含有催化剂(Ru、Rh、Pt、Pd或类似物),其促进NH3分解成进入富氢流30的氮、氢和其他成分。通过改变第二裂化室9内的气体和催化剂的温度,来控制分解的程度。第二裂化室9中的升高的温度可以通过与来自第二燃烧室7的排气流32的热交换来实现。温度可以通过改变经过热交换器的排气流32的质量流量和经过裂化室的催化剂床的氨的质量流量来控制。
氨流28和富氢流30被注入第二燃烧室7中,并在第二燃烧室7处燃烧。第二燃烧室中的燃烧是以增加的当量比进行的,该当量比通常为1.0至1.2,这意味着存在过量的氨。增加的比确保燃烧产生相当大比例的NH2 -离子。这些NH2 -离子与来自涡轮机6的排气流34中的NOx结合,以产生N2和H2O,从此从排气流中去除Nox。
来自第二燃烧室7的排气流36流过经校准的流量分离器10,使得质量流量的一部分被引导到另一个经校准的流量分离器11。通过控制经校准的流量分离器10和11,质量流量被调节,以使得第一裂化室5和第二裂化室9处于所需要的温度。
优选地,热量交换器回路12被用以从排气流36去除废热,并且例如通过使水沸腾来使蒸汽轮机13旋转而回收能量。
因此,本发明提供了一种以由氨提供动力的涡轮机,其使得以氨的形式存储的能量能够被回收到在涡轮机6处的机械输出中。
通过使用双燃烧室,氮氧化物NOx被从排气流中去除。在第二燃烧室中的燃烧是以适当的当量比执行的,以允许形成NH2 -离子,其与来自第一燃烧室的排气中的NOx结合。当量比可以通过适当选择和控制裂化室5、9的温度来实现。裂化室的温度进而可以通过控制排气的流量来控制。
该方法是节能的,因为裂化室用以从氨生成富氢流所需的加热通过来自氨燃烧的排气流来提供。这不需要单独提供和存储诸如氢气的加热源,或者不需要提供通过诸如电加热的其它方式的加热。
通过蒸汽轮机或其他能量回收装置的操作,存在于最终排气温度中的能量可以被回收到机械输出中。
Claims (8)
1.一种燃气轮机系统,包括:
-一个氨源(3)和一个含氧气体源(1);
-一个第一燃烧室(2),被连接以接纳:
-第一氨气流(22);
-第一包含氢气的气流(24);以及
-来自所述含氧气体源的含氧气体;
-一个涡轮机(6),被连接以接纳来自所述第一燃烧室的排气流(26);以及
-一个第二燃烧室(7),被连接以接纳:
-来自所述涡轮机的排气流(34);
-第二氨气流(28);以及
-第二包含氢气的气流(30);
其中所述氨源(3)被连接到所述第一燃烧室并且将所述第一氨气流(22)提供至所述第一燃烧室;
其中所述氨源(3)被连接到所述第二燃烧室并且将所述第二氨气流(28)提供至所述第二燃烧室;
其中所述燃气轮机系统还包括一个第一裂化室(5),被布置为接纳来自所述氨源(3)的氨以及将所述第一包含氢气的气流(24)供应至所述第一燃烧室(2);
其中所述燃气轮机系统还包括一个第二裂化室(9),被布置为接纳来自所述氨源(3)的氨以及将所述第二包含氢气的气流(30)供应至所述第二燃烧室(7);
其中所述第一裂化室(5)和所述第二裂化室(9)的温度被控制为使得所述第二燃烧室(7)中的第二燃烧以相对于所述第一燃烧室(2)中的第一燃烧增加的当量比被执行。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃气轮机系统,其中所述裂化室或者每个裂化室的温度由来自所述第二燃烧室(7)的排气流(36)的流量的质量控制来调节。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的燃气轮机系统,还包括一个热交换器(12),被布置为接纳来自所述第二燃烧室(7)的排气流(36)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的燃气轮机系统,其中一个蒸汽轮机(13)被提供,所述蒸汽轮机(13)由源自所述热交换器(12)的热来操作。
5.一种用于从氨提取能量的方法,包括以下步骤:
-将含氧气体提供至一个第一燃烧室(2);
-将氨提供至所述第一燃烧室(2);
-将第一包含氢气的气流(24)提供至所述第一燃烧室(2);
-在所述第一燃烧室中执行第一燃烧;
-将来自所述第一燃烧室的排气流(26)供应至一个第二燃烧室(7);
-将氨供应至所述第二燃烧室;
-将第二包含氢气的气流(30)供应至所述第二燃烧室;
-在所述第二燃烧室中执行第二燃烧;
其中被供应至所述第一燃烧室的所述第一包含氢气的气流(24)由通过第一裂化室(5)对氨的裂化产生,
其中被供应至所述第二燃烧室的所述第二包含氢气的气流(30)由通过第二裂化室(9)对氨的裂化产生,
其中控制所述第一裂化室(5)和所述第二裂化室(9)的温度,使得所述第二燃烧室(7)中的第二燃烧以相对于所述第一燃烧室(2)中的第一燃烧增加的当量比被执行,
所述方法还包括以下步骤:连接用以接纳来自所述第一燃烧室的所述排气流(26)的一个涡轮机(6),并将来自所述涡轮机(6)的排气流(34)提供至所述第二燃烧室(7),通过所述涡轮机(6)的气体流动产生机械输出。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用于从氨提取能量的方法,其中所述增加的当量比处于1.0-1.2的范围中。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的方法,其中所述裂化是在升高的温度下实施的,所述升高的温度由来自所述第二燃烧室的排气流(36)的流量提供。
8.根据权利要求5或6所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:从来自所述第二燃烧室的排气流(36)去除废热,以及回收能量。
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PCT/EP2016/076453 WO2017084876A1 (en) | 2015-11-20 | 2016-11-02 | A gas turbine system |
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WO2023144335A1 (de) * | 2022-01-27 | 2023-08-03 | Thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions Ag | Verfahren und anlage zur herstellung von wasserstoff aus ammoniak |
KR102538689B1 (ko) | 2022-02-15 | 2023-05-30 | 두산에너빌리티 주식회사 | 복합 발전 시스템 및 복합 발전 시스템의 구동 방법 |
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US20180355794A1 (en) | 2018-12-13 |
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CA3001942C (en) | 2023-12-19 |
WO2017084876A1 (en) | 2017-05-26 |
CN108350806A (zh) | 2018-07-31 |
GB2544552A (en) | 2017-05-24 |
US10753276B2 (en) | 2020-08-25 |
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