CN108344600B - Synchronous collection system for multiple particle size microplastic samples in water bodies of different depths - Google Patents
Synchronous collection system for multiple particle size microplastic samples in water bodies of different depths Download PDFInfo
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- CN108344600B CN108344600B CN201810231251.9A CN201810231251A CN108344600B CN 108344600 B CN108344600 B CN 108344600B CN 201810231251 A CN201810231251 A CN 201810231251A CN 108344600 B CN108344600 B CN 108344600B
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- 229920000426 Microplastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
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- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
- G01N1/14—Suction devices, e.g. pumps; Ejector devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
- G01N2001/1006—Dispersed solids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
- G01N1/14—Suction devices, e.g. pumps; Ejector devices
- G01N2001/1418—Depression, aspiration
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a synchronous collection system for multiple particle size micro plastic samples in water bodies with different depths, which comprises the following components: the float, the sinker, vertical section connect the rope, the float is installed and is connected the rope upper end at vertical section, the sinker is installed and is connected the lower extreme of rope at vertical section, evenly distributed has a plurality of microplastic sample collectors on the rope is connected to vertical section, microplastic sample collector includes initiative collector, passive collector microplastic sample collector passes through the collector mounting and installs on vertical section and connect the rope, vertical section is connected the rope upper end and is equipped with and drags the rope, drags the rope other end and installs on dragging the ship, drags the rope and guarantees that vertical section connects the rope keeps the vertical state when sampling. When the invention is used for sampling, micro plastic samples with different depths, different particle sizes and different particle sizes can be synchronously collected, the collection efficiency is improved, and the collection time is shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental pollution monitoring equipment, in particular to a synchronous collection system for multiple particle size microplastic samples in water bodies with different depths.
Background
Microplastic (Microplastics) refers to plastic particles with diameters no greater than 5mm, and has become one of the hot spot problems of widespread international concern. In 2014, the first united nations environment institute (UNEP 1) first listed microplastic pollution as one of ten environmental problems to be solved in the world. UNEP2 listed marine microplastic as the second biggest scientific problem in the field of environmental and ecological science research in 2015 and was juxtaposed with global climate change, ozone depletion and marine acidification as a significant global environmental problem of co-attention for global scientists.
The microplastic in the water body mainly comes from the fact that the microplastic enters the environment by using a product containing microplastic particles by human beings and the massive plastic garbage is decomposed or broken into tiny particles to enter the environment. Wherein, the plastic Microbeads (microblades) added in the personal care products are one of the direct sources of the environment of the water body microplastic. In personal care products such as shower cream, facial cleanser, toothpaste and cosmetics such as eye shadow, mascara and moisturizing cream, plastic microbeads mainly made of polyethylene and polypropylene are artificially added in the production process. After personal washing, plastic microbeads in the wastewater enter a sewage plant through a sewer. Because the plastic microbeads are small in size, light in density and large in quantity, the plastic microbeads are difficult to effectively remove by the conventional treatment process of the current sewage plant, most of the plastic microbeads enter natural water bodies and finally are converged into the ocean to exist for a long time, and then potential hazards are caused to fresh water and an ocean ecosystem and even human health through food chains. Large plastic garbage can also generate a large amount of plastic particles in the degradation process, and the plastic particles enter into the water areas of rivers, lakes and seas through the garbage, soil and surface water circulation paths, so that micro plastic pollution is caused.
In view of the above, it is necessary to study the form, concentration, etc. of the micro-plastics in the water body, and we need to collect the micro-plastics sample in the water body and detect the content of the micro-plastics according to the needs, so as to provide detection data for the ecological environment protection and the micro-plastics pollution control of the water body. Because the detection of the pollution of the micro plastic particles is started later, the collection equipment and the collection method also lack accuracy and scientificity. The collection device is also relatively original and backward, for example, the collection of micro plastic particles in a water body is a problem worthy of improvement.
At present, the collection of micro plastic samples in water is generally realized by using a simple mesh bag, the mesh bag needs a certain aperture, a mesh opening is aligned in the water flow direction, micro plastic is trapped on the mesh bag by utilizing water flow, or a tugboat is used for collecting samples by dragging the mesh bag and collecting micro plastic particles in enriched water, and the content of the micro plastic in the water is calculated according to the collected micro plastic particles and the flow rate of the water. However, the net bags are all single net bags with fixed apertures, like plankton trapping devices, only all the particulate matters with the particle diameters larger than the aperture of the net bags can be collected, and the particulate matters cannot be classified and screened, so that the content of the micro plastic particles with different particle diameters in water cannot be timely detected. And is not beneficial to scientific evaluation of the pollution degree of the water body microplastic. Meanwhile, multi-level layered synchronous collection cannot be displayed when a sample is collected, so that water sampling is uneven, and result errors are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a synchronous collection system for multiple particle size microplastic samples in water bodies with different depths, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
The technical problems solved by the invention are realized by adopting the following technical scheme: a synchronous collection system for multiple particle size micro plastic samples in water bodies with different depths comprises: the float, the sinker, vertical section connect the rope, the float is installed and is connected the rope upper end at vertical section, the sinker is installed and is connected the lower extreme of rope at vertical section, evenly distributed has a plurality of microplastic sample collectors on the rope is connected to vertical section, microplastic sample collector includes initiative collector, passive collector microplastic sample collector passes through the collector mounting and installs on vertical section and connect the rope, vertical section is connected the rope upper end and is equipped with and drags the rope, drags the rope other end and installs on dragging the ship, drags the rope and guarantees that vertical section connects the rope keeps the vertical state when sampling.
The active collector comprises a sampling tube collector and a sampling bottle collector, and the passive collector comprises a continuous collector, a nested collector and a filter screen fixing combined collector.
The sampling tube type collector comprises a sampling tube with one end inserted into water, an inverted U-shaped tube communicated with the sampling tube, a multi-stage filter screen device communicated with the inverted U-shaped tube, a flowmeter communicated with the multi-stage filter screen device and a water pump communicated with the flowmeter; the multi-stage filter screen device is vertically arranged, and the upper end of the multi-stage filter screen device is connected with an inverted U-shaped pipe; the multi-stage filter screen device comprises at least two stages of filter screens, each stage of filter screen comprises a vertical barrel wall, and the lower end of the vertical barrel wall is provided with a filter screen barrel bottom; the lower end of the upper-stage vertical barrel wall is detachably and hermetically connected with the upper end of the lower-stage vertical barrel wall; the filter screen aperture of last level filter screen barrel head is greater than the filter screen aperture of filter screen barrel head of next level, and the sampling pipe passes through the collector mounting and installs on vertical section connecting rope, then installs on dragging the ship through the extension water pipe, and the extension water pipe guarantees that vertical section connecting rope keeps the vertical state when sampling, and emptying valve and water pump are installed on dragging the ship.
The sampling bottle type collector comprises a feeding cup, a multi-stage filtering and separating device, a receiving bottle and a suction pump which are arranged from top to bottom, wherein the lower end of the feeding cup is detachably and hermetically connected with the upper end of the multi-stage filtering and separating device; the lower end of the multistage filtering and separating device is detachably and hermetically connected with the receiving bottle mouth; the receiving bottle is provided with a suction pipe, and the suction pump is connected with the suction pipe; the multi-stage filter screen separating device comprises at least two stages of filter screen devices, each stage of filter screen device comprises a vertical barrel wall, and the lower end of the vertical barrel wall is provided with a filter screen barrel bottom; the lower end of the upper-stage vertical barrel wall is detachably and hermetically connected with the upper end of the lower-stage vertical barrel wall; the filter screen aperture of last level filter screen barrel head is greater than the filter screen aperture of filter screen barrel head of next level, and the receiving bottle passes through the collector mounting and installs on vertical section connecting rope, then installs on dragging the ship through the suction tube, and the suction tube guarantees that vertical section connecting rope keeps the vertical state when sampling.
The continuous connection type collector comprises at least a first-stage micro-plastic collecting device and a second-stage micro-plastic collecting device; the first-stage micro-plastic collecting device and the second-stage micro-plastic collecting device are of a net bag type structure and comprise a net bag body, wherein a net port is formed in one end of the net bag body, and a net bottom is arranged in the other end of the net bag body; the net mouth is in an opening state, the net bottom is a filter net, and filter pores with the pore size corresponding to the grain size of the microplastic are arranged; the net mouth of the second-stage micro-plastic collecting device is detachably and hermetically connected with the net bottom of the first-stage micro-plastic collecting device; the filter pore aperture of the bottom of the second-stage micro-plastic acquisition device is smaller than that of the bottom of the first-stage micro-plastic acquisition device, the bottom of the net is provided with a particle enrichment and release device, the continuous connection type acquisition device further comprises third-stage to N-stage micro-plastic acquisition devices, and the net mouth of the third-stage micro-plastic acquisition device is detachably and hermetically connected to the bottom of the second-stage micro-plastic acquisition device; the mesh openings of the fourth-N-level micro-plastic collecting devices are sequentially connected to the mesh bottom of the previous-level micro-plastic collecting device, the pore diameters of the mesh bottom filtering pores of the first-N-level micro-plastic collecting devices are sequentially reduced, and the connection structure between the adjacent two-level micro-plastic collecting devices is one or combination of threaded connection, clamping connection, plug locking or nylon sticking buckle connection.
The nested collector comprises a first-stage mesh bag body I, a second-stage mesh bag body I is arranged on the outer side of the first-stage mesh bag body I, a third-stage mesh bag body I is arranged on the outer side of the second-stage mesh bag body I, a first-stage mesh port supporting ring I is arranged at the front end of the first-stage mesh bag body I, a second-stage mesh port supporting ring I is arranged at the front end of the second-stage mesh bag body I, a third-stage mesh port supporting ring I is arranged at the front end of the third-stage mesh bag body I, a grid I is arranged at the front end of the first-stage mesh port supporting ring I, the second-stage mesh port supporting ring I and the third-stage mesh port supporting ring I, and a microplastic enrichment and release device is arranged at the tail end of the first-stage mesh bag body I, the second-stage mesh bag body I and the third-stage mesh bag body I.
The filter screen fixing combined collector comprises a net body II, a net mouth supporting ring II is arranged at the front end of the net body II, a grid II is arranged on the net mouth supporting ring II, a multi-stage filter screen device is arranged at the rear end of the net body II, the multi-stage filter screen device is arranged on the net body II through a net body rear interface device, and an enrichment release device is arranged at the tail end of each layer of filter screen of the multi-stage filter screen device.
The multi-stage filter screen device comprises a three-stage filter screen, wherein a first-stage filter screen consists of a first-stage vertical barrel wall and a first-stage filter screen barrel bottom; the second-stage filter screen consists of a second-stage vertical barrel wall and a second-stage filter screen barrel bottom; the third-stage filter screen consists of a vertical barrel wall and a third-stage filter screen barrel bottom, wherein the lower end of the first-stage vertical barrel wall is in threaded connection with the upper end of the second-stage vertical barrel wall; the lower end of the second-stage vertical barrel wall is in sealing connection with the upper end of the third-stage vertical barrel wall in a threaded connection mode.
The micro plastic enrichment and release device comprises a tube body, wherein a threaded plug is arranged at the rear end of the tube body, the front end of the tube body is connected with an opening of a connecting end of a filter screen, and an enrichment region is formed between the opening of the connecting end of the filter screen and the tube body.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: according to the invention, during sampling, micro plastic samples with different depths and different particle diameters can be synchronously collected, so that the collection efficiency is improved, and the collection time is shortened.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a sampling tube collector according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a multi-stage filter apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a four-way valve of a sampling tube collector according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a sample bottle collector according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a splice collector according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a partially enlarged structure in fig. 6.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a microplastic enrichment/release device according to the invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a nested collector according to the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of a filter screen fixing combined type collector according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a float; 2. a sinker; 3. connecting ropes with vertical sections; 4. a micro plastic sample collector; 5. a collector mount; 6. a water surface; 7. a drag rope; 8. towing the boat;
411. an inverted U-shaped tube; 412. a bypass water pipe; 413. a multi-stage filter screen device; 414. a tee joint; 415. a flow meter; 416. a sampling tube; 417. coarse filtration grille; 418. a counterweight; 419. a four-way valve; 4110. an evacuation valve; 4111. a water pump;
301. the upper end of the filter screen device; 302. a first stage vertical tub wall; 303. a first-stage filter screen barrel bottom; 304. a second stage vertical tub wall; 305. a second-stage filter screen barrel bottom; 306. a third stage vertical tub wall; 307. a third-stage filter screen barrel bottom; 308. the lower end of the multi-stage filter screen device;
901. a first end of the four-way valve; 902. the second end of the four-way valve; 903. a third end of the four-way valve; 904. a fourth end of the four-way valve; 905. a valve body;
421. a dust cover; 422. a feeding cup; 423. a multi-stage screen separator; 424. a vertical tub wall; 425. a connecting device; 426. a filter screen barrel bottom; 427. a suction tube; 428. receiving a bottle;
431. a grille; 432. a first-stage mesh bag body; 433. a first-stage net bottom; 434. a first-stage connector; 435. a second-stage mesh bag body; 436. a second-stage net bottom; 437. a second-stage connector; 438. a third-stage mesh bag body; 439. a third-stage net bottom; 4310. a third-stage connector; 4311. a fourth mesh bag body; 4312. a fourth-stage net bottom; 4313. an external thread structure; 4314. a seal ring; 4315. threaded connection; 4316. an internal thread structure; 4317. an enrichment release device;
171. the connecting end of the filter screen is opened; 172. a tube body; 173. a threaded plug; 174. an enrichment zone;
441. a grid I; 442. a first-stage net port supporting ring I; 443. a second-stage net port supporting ring I; 444. a third-stage net port supporting ring I; 445. a first-stage mesh bag body I; 446. a second-stage mesh bag body I; 447. a third-stage mesh bag body I;
451. a grid II; 452. a net mouth supporting ring II; 453. a net body II; 454. and a net body rear interface device.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, creation features, workflow, and usage method of the present invention achieve the objects and effects of the present invention easy to understand, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a system for synchronously collecting multiple-particle-diameter micro plastic samples in water bodies with different depths comprises: the float 1, the sinker 2, vertical section connect the rope 3, float 1 installs on vertical section connect the rope 3 upper end, the sinker 2 is installed in vertical section connect the lower extreme of rope 3, evenly distributed has a plurality of microplastic sample collectors 4 on the vertical section connect the rope 3, microplastic sample collectors 4 include initiative collector, passive collector microplastic sample collectors 4 are installed on vertical section connect the rope 3 through collector mounting 5, vertical section connects the rope 3 upper end and is equipped with and drags rope 7, drags the rope 7 other end and installs on dragging ship 8, drags rope 7 and guarantees that vertical section connects the rope 3 and keeps the vertical state when sampling.
The active collector comprises a sampling tube collector and a sampling bottle collector, and the passive collector comprises a continuous collector, a nested collector and a filter screen fixing combined collector.
As shown in fig. 2-4, the sample tube collector includes a sample tube 416, the sample tube 416 being disposed vertically and extending below the water surface to facilitate pumping water from a location under water. The upper end of the sampling tube 416 is connected with an inverted U-shaped tube 411, the lower end of the inverted U-shaped tube 411 is connected with a four-way valve 419 with an emptying valve 4110, the first end 901 of the four-way valve 9 is connected with the inverted U-shaped tube 411, the second end 902 is communicated with the multi-stage filter screen device 413, the third end 903 is connected with the emptying valve 4110, the emptying valve 4110 is communicated with the atmosphere, the fourth end 904 is connected with the bypass water tube 412, and the connecting modes can be combined according to requirements to select communicated ports. The lower end of the multi-stage filter 413 is a tee 414 without a valve, one end of the tee 414 is communicated with the multi-stage filter 413, one end is communicated with a flowmeter 415, and the third end is connected with a bypass water pipe 412 and further communicated with a four-way valve 419.
During use, the sampling pipe 416 is installed on the vertical section connecting rope 3 through the collector fixing piece 5, then the vertical section connecting rope 3 is installed on the towing ship 8 through the extension water pipe, the extension water pipe ensures that the vertical section connecting rope 3 is kept in a vertical state during sampling, the emptying valve 4110 and the water pump 4111 are installed on the towing ship 8, so that the towing rope 7 is saved, the vertical section connecting rope 3 can be kept in a vertical state during sampling, and meanwhile, the analysis device can be added on the towing ship 8 for analyzing the sampled water in the same part.
When a communication port is specifically selected, only the turning right-angle channel valve body 905 is arranged, and a mode of communicating two adjacent ports can be realized. The first option is to connect the inverted U-shaped pipe 411 and the bypass water pipe 412, namely the first end 901 and the fourth end 904, which are in a waste water discharging state; the second option is to connect the inverted U-shaped tube 411 to the multi-stage filter device 413, i.e., the first end 901 and the second end 902, while in the sampling state; a third option is to connect the multi-stage filter apparatus 413 to the drain valve 4110, i.e., to communicate the second end 902 to the third port 903, while the multi-stage filter apparatus is being drained. The above-mentioned conversion is achieved by rotating the valve body 905. The upper end 301 of the multi-stage filter screen separating device 413 is connected with the four-way valve 419 through a pipeline, and the multi-stage filter screen separating device 413 comprises three stages of filter screens, wherein a first stage of filter screen consists of a first stage of vertical barrel wall 302 and a first stage of filter screen barrel bottom 303; the second stage screen consists of a second stage vertical tub wall 304 and a second stage screen tub bottom 305; the third-stage filter screen is composed of a vertical barrel wall 306 and a third-stage filter screen barrel bottom 307, wherein the lower end of the first-stage vertical barrel wall 302 is in threaded connection with the upper end of the second-stage vertical barrel wall 304; the lower end of the second-stage vertical barrel wall 304 is in sealing connection with the upper end of the third-stage vertical barrel wall 306 in a threaded connection mode, and the upper end and the lower end of the multi-stage filter screen device 413 are respectively in sealing connection with the four-way valve 419 and the tee joint 414 through pipelines. The upper end 301 of the multi-stage screen assembly 413, i.e., the upper end of the first stage vertical bucket wall 302, is also provided with internal threads that may be connected to an equal diameter water conduit that is in turn threadably connected to the four-way valve 419. Meanwhile, the lower end 308 of the multi-stage filter device 413 is also connected with an equal-diameter water pipe through threads, the equal-diameter water pipe is connected with a tee joint 4, and a tee joint 414 is connected with a flowmeter 415.
As shown in fig. 5, the sampling bottle type collector is mainly provided with a feeding cup 422, a multi-stage filter screen separating device 423 and a receiving bottle 428 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. Wherein a trumpet-shaped feeding cup 422 is provided, and the upper end of the feeding cup 422 is in a large opening state and is used for adding water sample containing micro plastic particles with mixed particle sizes to be separated into the cup. In order to prevent dust interference, a dust cover 421 is further disposed at the opening of the feeding cup 422, and a water inlet pipe is disposed on the dust cover 421 for introducing clean water. The upper end of the multi-stage filter screen separating device 423 is connected with the lower end of the feeding cup 422 through a bayonet and clamping block structure, and a sealing ring is arranged at the connecting surface to realize sealing connection.
The receiving bottle 428 is installed on vertical section connecting rope 3 through collector mounting 5 during the use, then install on dragging ship 8 through suction tube 427, and suction tube 427 guarantees that vertical section connecting rope 3 keeps the vertical state when sampling, has not only saved dragging rope 7 like this, can guarantee that vertical section connecting rope 3 keeps the vertical state when sampling moreover, can increase analytical equipment simultaneously and divide analysis sampling water on dragging ship 8.
As shown in fig. 6-8, the continuous connection collector includes a first-stage micro-plastic collecting device, where the first-stage micro-plastic collecting device includes a first-stage mesh bag body 432, and a first-stage mesh bottom 433 is disposed at the tail end of the first-stage mesh bag body 432, where the first-stage mesh bottom 433 is a filter screen with pores, and the pore size of the first-stage mesh bag body 432 is at least not greater than the pore size of the filter screen of the fourth mesh bottom 4312 of the last stage, that is, the present embodiment.
The rear end of the first-stage net bottom 433 of the first-stage micro-plastic collecting device is provided with a first-stage connector 434, and the first connector 434 is connected with the tail end of the first-stage micro-plastic collecting device and the net mouth end of the second-stage micro-plastic collecting device. The adjacent two-stage micro plastic collection devices are connected through connectors, and in the embodiment, a threaded connection mode is adopted. Namely, an external thread structure 4313 of hard material is arranged at the tail end of the first-stage micro-plastic collecting device, an internal thread structure 4316 of hard material is arranged at the net mouth of the second-stage micro-plastic collecting device, the external thread structure 4313 and the internal thread structure 4316 are firmly and detachably connected through a threaded connection 4315, and a sealing ring 4314 is arranged at the threaded connection part in order to avoid leakage loss of micro-plastic and ensure the tightness of connection. The second stage microplastic collecting device has substantially the same structure as the first stage microplastic collecting device, except that the filter mesh aperture of the mesh bottom 436 of the second stage microplastic collecting device is smaller than the aperture of the mesh bottom 433 of the first stage microplastic collecting device, for example, 1 mm, in order to trap smaller microplastic that is not trapped from the previous stage first stage mesh bottom 433, and the aperture size of the second stage mesh bag body 435 must also be not larger than the aperture size of the fourth stage mesh bottom 4312, so as to avoid microplastic loss in the second stage microplastic collecting device.
Similarly, a third-stage micro plastic collection device and a fourth-stage micro plastic collection device are provided, and a third-stage mesh bag body 438, a third-stage mesh bottom 439, and a fourth-stage mesh bag body 4311 and a fourth-stage mesh bottom 4312 are respectively provided. The net mouth end of the third-stage micro-plastic collecting device is hermetically connected with the second-stage micro-plastic collecting device through a second-stage connector 437; the net mouth of the fourth-level micro plastic collecting device is connected with the third-level micro plastic collecting device through a third-level connector 4310. The third stage mesh base 439 of the third stage microplastic collecting device has a smaller pore size than the second stage mesh base 436 of the second stage microplastic collecting device, for example, 0.5 mm, and the fourth stage mesh base 4312 of the fourth stage microplastic collecting device has a smaller pore size than the third stage mesh base 439 of the third stage microplastic collecting device, for example, 0.1 mm. In any case, the pore size of the filter pores is successively decreased. The tail end of the fourth-stage micro-plastic collecting device can be connected with fifth-N-stage micro-plastic collecting devices. The mesh bottom aperture of each stage is smaller than that of the previous stage. And meanwhile, the pore size of the net bag body of each stage of micro-plastic collecting device cannot be larger than that of the net bottom of the last stage. The connectors between the stages are made of hard materials, so that the external thread structure 4313 and the internal thread structure 4316 can be formed, and the opening connection state between the net opening and the net bottom can be realized only by using the hard materials as the connector materials. Meanwhile, a hard material ring is arranged at the first-stage net opening to keep the opening state in the water flow.
An enrichment release device 4317 is arranged at the central part of the bottom filter screen, the enrichment release device 4317 can be a pipe body 172 connected with the bottom filter screen, an opening 171 is arranged at the connecting end of the filter screen, a threaded plug 173 is arranged at the other end of the filter screen, and an enrichment area 174 is formed at the pipe orifice part. When collecting, the net bottom filter screen can be made of soft materials, the center of the net bottom naturally inclines backwards in water flow, so that the collection effect is achieved, the microplastic is easy to collect in the collection area 174, and the collection can be conveniently released by unscrewing the plug 173. Of course, the enrichment release device may also be other structures, such as a valve structure.
As shown in fig. 9, the nested collector includes a first-stage mesh bag body I445, a second-stage mesh bag body I446 is disposed outside the first-stage mesh bag body I445, a third-stage mesh bag body I447 is disposed outside the second-stage mesh bag body I446, a first-stage mesh port support ring I442 is disposed at the front end of the first-stage mesh bag body I445, a second-stage mesh port support ring I443 is disposed at the front end of the second-stage mesh bag body I446, a third-stage mesh port support ring I444 is disposed at the front end of the third-stage mesh bag body I447, a grille I441 is disposed at the front ends of the first-stage mesh port support ring I442, the second-stage mesh port support ring I443 and the third-stage mesh port support ring I444, and an enrichment release device is disposed at the rear ends of the first-stage mesh bag body I445, the second-stage mesh bag body I446 and the third-stage mesh bag body I447.
As shown in fig. 10, the filter screen fixing combined collector comprises a screen body II453, a screen port support ring II452 is arranged at the front end of the screen body II453, a grid II451 is arranged on the screen port support ring II452, a multi-stage filter screen device is arranged at the rear end of the screen body II453, the multi-stage filter screen device is mounted on the screen body II453 through a screen body rear interface device 454, and an enrichment release device is arranged at the tail end of each layer of filter screen of the multi-stage filter screen device.
According to different sampling depths and sampling particle size requirements during sampling, different microplastic sample collectors are fixed at different positions of the vertical sampling section rope, and microplastic samples in water bodies with different depths and different particle sizes are collected. According to the requirements, the dragging ropes can be arranged at different positions among the floater, the sinker and the sampling ropes, and the dragging angle and the length of the dragging ropes can be adjusted, so that the vertical sampling section is basically kept vertical. Various dragging ropes and vertical section connecting ropes in the sampling scheme can be selected as required, but are not limited to neutral buoyancy ropes, so that the influence of water buoyancy on sampling is reduced. In the scheme, the size of the floats and the sinkers is required to be configured according to the sampling requirement on the vertical sampling section formed by the floats and the sinkers, so that the stability of the vertical sampling section is ensured.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A synchronous collection system for multiple particle size micro plastic samples in water bodies with different depths comprises: the rope is connected to float, sinker, vertical section, its characterized in that: the float is installed on the vertical section connecting rope, the sinker is installed at the lower end of the vertical section connecting rope, a plurality of micro plastic sample collectors are uniformly distributed on the vertical section connecting rope, each micro plastic sample collector comprises an active collector and a passive collector, each micro plastic sample collector is installed on the vertical section connecting rope through a collector fixing piece, a dragging rope is arranged at the upper end of the vertical section connecting rope, the other end of the dragging rope is installed on a dragging ship, the dragging rope ensures that the vertical section connecting rope keeps a vertical state during sampling, a plurality of filter screens with different pore sizes are arranged in each collector in each micro plastic sample collector, and different micro plastic sample collectors are fixed at different positions of the vertical sampling section rope according to different sampling depth and sampling particle size requirements during sampling, so that micro plastic samples in water bodies with different depths and different particle sizes are collected.
2. The synchronous collection system for the multiple particle size micro plastic samples in the water bodies with different depths according to claim 1, wherein the synchronous collection system is characterized in that: the active collector comprises a sampling tube collector and a sampling bottle collector, and the passive collector comprises a continuous collector, a nested collector and a filter screen fixing combined collector.
3. The synchronous collection system for the multiple particle size micro plastic samples in the water bodies with different depths according to claim 2, wherein: the sampling tube type collector comprises a sampling tube with one end inserted into water, an inverted U-shaped tube communicated with the sampling tube, a multi-stage filter screen device communicated with the inverted U-shaped tube, a flowmeter communicated with the multi-stage filter screen device and a water pump communicated with the flowmeter; the multi-stage filter screen device is vertically arranged, and the upper end of the multi-stage filter screen device is connected with an inverted U-shaped pipe; the multi-stage filter screen device comprises at least two stages of filter screens, each stage of filter screen comprises a vertical barrel wall, and the lower end of the vertical barrel wall is provided with a filter screen barrel bottom; the lower end of the upper-stage vertical barrel wall is detachably and hermetically connected with the upper end of the lower-stage vertical barrel wall; the filter screen aperture of last level filter screen barrel head is greater than the filter screen aperture of filter screen barrel head of next level, and the sampling pipe passes through the collector mounting and installs on vertical section connecting rope, then installs on dragging the ship through the extension water pipe, and the extension water pipe guarantees that vertical section connecting rope keeps the vertical state when sampling, and emptying valve and water pump are installed on dragging the ship.
4. The synchronous collection system for the multiple particle size micro plastic samples in the water bodies with different depths according to claim 2, wherein: the sampling bottle type collector comprises a feeding cup, a multi-stage filtering and separating device, a receiving bottle and a suction pump which are arranged from top to bottom, wherein the lower end of the feeding cup is detachably and hermetically connected with the upper end of the multi-stage filtering and separating device; the lower end of the multistage filtering and separating device is detachably and hermetically connected with the receiving bottle mouth; the receiving bottle is provided with a suction pipe, and the suction pump is connected with the suction pipe; the multi-stage filter screen separating device comprises at least two stages of filter screen devices, each stage of filter screen device comprises a vertical barrel wall, and the lower end of the vertical barrel wall is provided with a filter screen barrel bottom; the lower end of the upper-stage vertical barrel wall is detachably and hermetically connected with the upper end of the lower-stage vertical barrel wall; the filter screen aperture of last level filter screen barrel head is greater than the filter screen aperture of filter screen barrel head of next level, and the receiving bottle passes through the collector mounting and installs on vertical section connecting rope, then installs on dragging the ship through the suction tube, and the suction tube guarantees that vertical section connecting rope keeps the vertical state when sampling.
5. The synchronous collection system for the multiple particle size micro plastic samples in the water bodies with different depths according to claim 2, wherein: the continuous connection type collector comprises at least a first-stage micro-plastic collecting device and a second-stage micro-plastic collecting device; the first-stage micro-plastic collecting device and the second-stage micro-plastic collecting device are of a net bag type structure and comprise a net bag body, wherein a net port is formed in one end of the net bag body, and a net bottom is arranged in the other end of the net bag body; the net mouth is in an opening state, the net bottom is a filter net, and filter pores with the pore size corresponding to the grain size of the microplastic are arranged; the net mouth of the second-stage micro-plastic collecting device is detachably and hermetically connected with the net bottom of the first-stage micro-plastic collecting device; the filter pore aperture of the bottom of the second-stage micro-plastic acquisition device is smaller than that of the bottom of the first-stage micro-plastic acquisition device, the bottom of the net is provided with a particle enrichment and release device, the continuous connection type acquisition device further comprises third-stage to N-stage micro-plastic acquisition devices, and the net mouth of the third-stage micro-plastic acquisition device is detachably and hermetically connected to the bottom of the second-stage micro-plastic acquisition device; the mesh openings of the fourth-N-level micro-plastic collecting devices are sequentially connected to the mesh bottom of the previous-level micro-plastic collecting device, the pore diameters of the mesh bottom filtering pores of the first-N-level micro-plastic collecting devices are sequentially reduced, and the connection structure between the adjacent two-level micro-plastic collecting devices is one or combination of threaded connection, clamping connection, plug locking or nylon sticking buckle connection.
6. The synchronous collection system for the multiple particle size micro plastic samples in the water bodies with different depths according to claim 2, wherein: the nested collector comprises a first-stage mesh bag body I, a second-stage mesh bag body I is arranged on the outer side of the first-stage mesh bag body I, a third-stage mesh bag body I is arranged on the outer side of the second-stage mesh bag body I, a first-stage mesh port supporting ring I is arranged at the front end of the first-stage mesh bag body I, a second-stage mesh port supporting ring I is arranged at the front end of the second-stage mesh bag body I, a third-stage mesh port supporting ring I is arranged at the front end of the third-stage mesh bag body I, a grid I is arranged at the front end of the first-stage mesh port supporting ring I, the second-stage mesh port supporting ring I and the third-stage mesh port supporting ring I, and a microplastic enrichment and release device is arranged at the tail end of the first-stage mesh bag body I, the second-stage mesh bag body I and the third-stage mesh bag body I.
7. The synchronous collection system for the multiple particle size micro plastic samples in the water bodies with different depths according to claim 2, wherein: the filter screen fixing combined collector comprises a net body II, a net mouth supporting ring II is arranged at the front end of the net body II, a grid II is arranged on the net mouth supporting ring II, a multi-stage filter screen device is arranged at the rear end of the net body II, the multi-stage filter screen device is arranged on the net body II through a net body rear interface device, and an enrichment release device is arranged at the tail end of each layer of filter screen of the multi-stage filter screen device.
8. A system for simultaneous collection of multiple particle size microplastic samples in a body of water of varying depth as defined in claim 3, wherein: the multi-stage filter screen device comprises a three-stage filter screen, wherein a first-stage filter screen consists of a first-stage vertical barrel wall and a first-stage filter screen barrel bottom; the second-stage filter screen consists of a second-stage vertical barrel wall and a second-stage filter screen barrel bottom; the third-stage filter screen consists of a vertical barrel wall and a third-stage filter screen barrel bottom, wherein the lower end of the first-stage vertical barrel wall is in threaded connection with the upper end of the second-stage vertical barrel wall; the lower end of the second-stage vertical barrel wall is in sealing connection with the upper end of the third-stage vertical barrel wall in a threaded connection mode.
9. The synchronous collection system for the multiple particle size micro plastic samples in the water bodies with different depths according to claim 7, wherein: the multi-stage filter screen device comprises a three-stage filter screen, wherein a first-stage filter screen consists of a first-stage vertical barrel wall and a first-stage filter screen barrel bottom; the second-stage filter screen consists of a second-stage vertical barrel wall and a second-stage filter screen barrel bottom; the third-stage filter screen consists of a vertical barrel wall and a third-stage filter screen barrel bottom, wherein the lower end of the first-stage vertical barrel wall is in threaded connection with the upper end of the second-stage vertical barrel wall; the lower end of the second-stage vertical barrel wall is in sealing connection with the upper end of the third-stage vertical barrel wall in a threaded connection mode.
10. The synchronous collection system for the multiple particle size micro plastic samples in the water bodies with different depths according to claim 6, wherein: the micro plastic enrichment and release device comprises a tube body, wherein a threaded plug is arranged at the rear end of the tube body, the front end of the tube body is connected with an opening of a connecting end of a filter screen, and an enrichment region is formed between the opening of the connecting end of the filter screen and the tube body.
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