CN104677691A - Grading sectional acquisition apparatus for water body suspended solids - Google Patents
Grading sectional acquisition apparatus for water body suspended solids Download PDFInfo
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- CN104677691A CN104677691A CN201510087286.6A CN201510087286A CN104677691A CN 104677691 A CN104677691 A CN 104677691A CN 201510087286 A CN201510087286 A CN 201510087286A CN 104677691 A CN104677691 A CN 104677691A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a grading sectional acquisition apparatus for water body suspended solids, which belongs to the technical field of environmental monitoring and relates to suspended solid sample acquisition of rivers, lakes and reservoirs. The grading sectional acquisition apparatus comprises a lifting ring, a mooring rope with scales and a grading sectional acquisition apparatus for suspended solids, wherein the mooring rope with scales is wound on a wire shaft, penetrates through the lifting ring and is connected with the grading sectional acquisition apparatus for suspended solids; the acquisition apparatus is in the shape of a circular barrel, divided into a top water outlet part, a middle suspended solid collecting part, a barrel bottom supporting base and a bottom water inlet part; the middle suspended solid collecting part is divided into an upper suspended solid collecting layer, a middle suspended solid collecting layer and a lower suspended solid collecting layer which are stacked from top to bottom in sequence; the three suspended solid collecting layers are connected through a flange plate type structure. The grading sectional acquisition apparatus achieves home positions, weak perturbation and grading sampling of the suspended solids, avoids a filter membrane blockage problem, can be used for obtaining suspended solid samples with different grain sizes, is convenient to operate, good in fidelity, high in precision and strong in representativeness, and can be used for acquiring suspended solid samples in water body of rivers, lakes, reservoirs and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental monitoring, environmental improvement and suspension sample collection technical field, relate to the suspension sample collection of river, lake, reservoir, be related specifically to a kind of water body recovery technology point fraction storehouse Acquisition Instrument.
Background technology
The water quality protection of water head site is the basic place ensureing safety water supply with management.In source water, pollutant often exists with the form of solubilised state, suspended state and deposited, and wherein, suspension refers to the solid matter be suspended in water, comprises water-fast inorganics, organism, silt, clay and microorganism etc.Suspension is adsorbable multiple harmful substances both, contains biochemical process again, is that pollutant levels are higher, sense organ smells the outstanding combined pollutant of taste impact.In the operational process of water source reservoir, mostly the water yield entering reservoir is to input with the flood form of large discharge, and the process that discharges water exports from upper strata water intaking equably mainly with the low discharge meeting water supply requirement.If things go on like this cause pollutant to be accumulated in more and more in reservoir, the suspension of larger particles precipitates gradually, and small particles then adsorption-condensation, is suspended in lower floor's water body of reservoir together.As can be seen here, the pollution of reservoir water body brings huge hidden danger to water supply, and the monitoring and governance of water pollution is extremely urgent.
Due to the fragility of suspension structure, itself is very easily damaged, and therefore has special requirement to the acquisition means of suspension sample.The density of suspension is smaller, in order to the sample collecting sufficient amount carries out analytical test, needs to carry out enrichment process in sampling water body.The enrichment method of existing suspension sample is mainly divided into two kinds: sedimentation and evaporation method.Sedimentation refers to carries out natural subsidence with the water sample collected, and the suspension getting bottom is diluted to concentration used; Evaporation method refers at room temperature air-dry for the water body sample containing suspension, thus utilizes evaporating device to obtain suspension sample.Conventional acquisition method also has: 1) use suspension gatherer to collect; 2) filter membrane is used to filter the water body containing suspension on the coast; 3) collect under new sedimentation or easily again become the benthal deposit etc. of suspension.
At present, method for suspension sample collection is mainly divided into two kinds, first method is: first utilize the modes such as suction pump to be extracted into by a large amount of water bodys on ship or on the bank, more on the coast or transfer samples in laboratory, carries out enrichment filtration to extracting the water body containing suspension come up.The advantage of this mode is that sampling amount is large, can obtain a large amount of water bodys.Its shortcoming is that sampling efficiency is low, and after first utilizing water pump that water body is drawn up bank, disturbance certainly will be caused to the suspension sample of current sample position, the phenomenons such as the random diffusion of suspension tiny in water body, the mutual adsorption and sedimentation of suspended particle are caused to occur, thus destroy the original physical form of sample, make sample lose Research Significance.Second method is: utilize that filtration unit is direct under water to be filtered the water body containing suspension.The advantage of this mode is, can carry out in-situ acquisition, avoid and damage suspension sample at sampled point to suspension.Its shortcoming is, general filtration unit is after filtration a period of time, and suspension sample particle can form blocking on screen pack, and along with the carrying out of filtering, filter screen cannot filter suspended particle again, and sampling process cannot be continued.
Obviously, above-mentioned two kinds of suspension method of samplings are all difficult to the requirement meeting suspension sampling veritably.Therefore, the suspension Acquisition Instrument of the functions such as research and development have original position, micro-disturbance (not destroying flocculence suspension in water body), filter screen not easily block, observable underwater hovering principle condition is needed.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the deficiency existed for prior art, there is provided a set of can in position, obtain to micro-disturbance the sampling apparatus of suspension sample, this device can carry out Concentration Sampling at different sampled point to suspension exactly, easy to operate, also possess the functions such as regimen observation, sampled point degree of depth mensuration and suspension turbidimetric analysis turbidimetry simultaneously.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of water body recovery technology divides fraction storehouse Acquisition Instrument, comprising: suspension ring, be with graduated hawser and suspension point fraction storehouse Acquisition Instrument etc.; The graduated hawser of described band twines on bobbin, is connected with a suspension point fraction storehouse Acquisition Instrument through suspension ring.
A described suspension point fraction storehouse Acquisition Instrument profile is barrel-shaped, can be divided into three parts, be respectively by function: base for supporting and bottom water inlet portion at the bottom of part, bucket is collected in water part, top, middle part suspension.
Described water part, staving top comprises: sampling bung, direct current suction pump, shunt and top layer filter screen.Water part, top is connected with suspension collecting layer, upper strata by flange plate type structure.A suspension point Acquisition Instrument top, fraction storehouse arranges direct current suction pump, utilize the function that direct current suction pump draws water, water after enrichment in sampling tank being filtered discharges continuously, accelerates the process that water body enrichment is filtered, substantially increases the efficiency of suspension sampling work.Between water part, top and suspension collecting layer, upper strata, top layer filter screen is set, prevents the suspension in sampling tank from directly being discharged outside bucket by top direct current suction pump.Direct current suction pump water inlet arranges shunt, increases the area on suction pump water inlet surface, prevents because the draw water area on surface of direct current suction pump is too small and cause screen surface to occur the phenomenon of local stoppages.
Suspension collection part in middle part is divided into suspension collecting layer, upper strata, suspension collecting layer, middle level, lower floor's suspension collecting layer, stacks successively from top to bottom, adopts flange plate type structure to be connected between three layers of suspension collecting layer.
Every layer of suspension collecting layer all comprises: suspension filtering layer, suspension disposable box, box body back up pad and inner wall of barrel fixed card slot etc.The suspension screen pack of different meshes and filter screen built-in edge.In each layer suspension collecting layer, suspension filtering layer arranges above suspension disposable box, between filter screen and box body from a distance.
Three layers of suspension disposable box are drum-shaped, and box body both sides are provided with rectangular-shaped fixing Kato, match with the fixed card slot of inner wall of barrel both sides, each layer suspension collecting layer.By being rotated counterclockwise, suspension disposable box extenal fixation Kato and collecting layer inner wall of barrel fixed card slot can ensure that disposable box is fixed in the horizontal direction, then can separate by turning clockwise; Below upper strata suspension disposable box, middle level suspension disposable box, back up pad is set respectively, lower floor's suspension disposable box with base upper plate for back up pad, upper, middle and lower-ranking suspension disposable box in bucket is fixed at vertical direction respectively, then three layers of suspension disposable box in the horizontal direction and vertical direction all fixing.
Flange plate type structure is adopted to be connected between water part, top, suspension collecting layer, upper strata, suspension collecting layer, middle level, lower floor's suspension collecting layer and base for supporting.
Suspension disposable box in upper, middle and lower-ranking suspension collecting layer, back up pad are identical, and the pore size of suspension screen pack reduces from bottom to up successively.The mesh order number of lower floor's suspension screen pack is set to minimum, and namely the aperture of mesh is maximum; The mesh order number of upper strata suspension screen pack is set at most, and namely the aperture of mesh is minimum, and pore size reduces from bottom to up successively.
The filter screen of different pore size, for filtering the suspension of different-grain diameter size, solves the problem of the filter membrane blocking formed when using one deck strainer filtering.All be spaced a distance between suspension screen pack and suspension disposable box, between every layer of suspension collecting layer, so that water body fully flowing and exchange in each layer suspension collecting layer during sampling.Before suspension sample collection, according to the particle size situation of sampled point suspension, select the suspension screen pack in suitable aperture, connect each parts of suspension Acquisition Instrument successively by flange plate structure.After sampling terminates, open each layer flange plate structure, take out upper, middle and lower-ranking suspension disposable box respectively, suspension sample can be obtained.
Base for supporting at the bottom of described bucket comprises base upper plate, base lower shoe and anchor post.The upper plate of staving base for supporting arranges inlet opening and is responsible for water inlet, be connected by four root posts between lower shoe with upper plate, upper plate is connected with lower floor's suspension collecting layer by flange plate type structure, to prevent suspension sampling apparatus from touching the end, and play the effect of support suspension thing Acquisition Instrument staving.
Effect of the present invention and benefit are compared to existing two kinds of suspension acquisition methods mainly, the suspension composition of sample is destroyed when solving sampling, sample is made to lose Research Significance, and cause the problems such as filtration unit filter membrane blocking, invent and more adequately can carry out the suspension Acquisition Instrument of classification, point storehouse micro-disturbance sampling at different sampled point to suspension, there is the features such as fidelity is good, representative by force, cost is low.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the one-piece construction schematic diagram of water body recovery technology point fraction storehouse Acquisition Instrument.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of suspension collecting layer, upper strata.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of suspension filtering layer.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of suspension disposable box.
Fig. 5 is the vertical view of suspension disposable box.
Fig. 6 is the vertical view of suspension collecting layer, upper strata inner support plate.
Fig. 7 is the vertical view at suspension sampling staving top.
Fig. 8 is the structural drawing of suspension sampling staving base for supporting.
Fig. 9 is the vertical view of base for supporting upper plate.
In figure: 1 suspension ring; 2 hawsers; 3 top DC suction pumps; 4 shunts; 5 staving top end covers; 6 top layer filter screens; 7 suspension collecting layer, upper stratas; 8 suspension collecting layer, middle levels; 9 lower floor's suspension collecting layers; Base for supporting at the bottom of 10 barrels;
5-1 direct current suction pump water inlet; 5-2 retaining thread hole;
7-1 suspension filtering layer; 7-2 suspension disposable box; 7-3 box body back up pad; 7-4 inner wall of barrel fixed card slot; 7-5 fixed screw;
7-1-1 filter screen built-in edge; 7-1-2 suspension screen pack;
7-2-1 suspension collects box body; 7-2-2 box extenal fixation Kato (handle);
7-2-1 suspension collects box body; 7-2-2 box extenal fixation Kato (handle); 7-2-3 suspension collects box body edge;
7-3-1 back up pad part; 7-3-2 water inlet portion;
10-1 upper plate; 10-2 lower shoe; 10-3 anchor post; 10-4 center anchor post; 10-5 water inlet; 10-5 water inlet; 10-6 retaining thread hole.
Embodiment
Below that combination technology scheme and accompanying drawing describe the specific embodiment of the present invention in detail.
See Fig. 1-Fig. 9, the embodiment of a kind of water body recovery technology point fraction storehouse Acquisition Instrument comprises: 1, suspension ring; 2, hawser; 3, the discharge of the water body after by sampling tank inner filtration is responsible for by top 24V direct current suction pump; 4, shunt; 5, staving top end cover; 5-1, direct current suction pump water inlet; 5-2, retaining thread hole; 6, top layer filter screen; 7, upper strata suspension collecting layer; 7-1, suspension filtering layer; 7-1-1, filter screen built-in edge; 7-1-2, suspension screen pack; 7-2, suspension disposable box; 7-2-1, suspension collect box body; 7-2-2, box extenal fixation Kato (handle); 7-2-3, suspension collect box body edge; 7-3, box body back up pad; 7-3-1, back up pad part; 7-3-2, water inlet portion; 7-4, inner wall of barrel fixed card slot; 7-5, fixed screw; 8, middle level suspension collecting layer; 9, lower floor's suspension collecting layer; 10, staving base for supporting; 10-1, upper plate; 10-2, lower shoe; 10-3, anchor post; 10-4, center anchor post; 10-5 water inlet; 10-6, retaining thread hole.
The concrete implementation step that use water body recovery technology point fraction storehouse Acquisition Instrument carries out suspension sample collection is as follows:
Step 1: arrive sampled point, according to the particle size situation of sampled point suspension, select the suspension screen pack of three kinds of suitable different pore size sizes, be fixed in each layer suspension collecting layer, upper screen aperture is minimum, and lower screen aperture is maximum.By flange plate structure, water part, suspension Acquisition Instrument top, upper, middle and lower-ranking suspension collecting layer and base for supporting are connected successively.24V direct supply is connected with the 24V direct current suction pump on suspension Acquisition Instrument top, and is its power supply, check whether equipment set normally works;
Step 2: the sampling depth determining suspension to be collected, puts into water by a water body recovery technology point fraction storehouse Acquisition Instrument, observes lower water depth, equipment is transferred to default sampling depth, open top 24V direct current suction pump 3, start sampling by hawser with a scale;
Step 3: the water body containing suspension enters sampling tank by the water inlet 10-5 of base for supporting upper plate 10-1, with the increase of rate of water added, constantly rise in inner bucket water position.When inner bucket water position is higher than lower floor suspension disposable box 9-2, due to the guide functions of lower floor suspension filtering layer built-in edge 9-1-1, water body forms eddy current and enters lower floor suspension disposable box 9-2, when lower floor suspension disposable box 9-2 is full of suspension mixed liquor, water level continues to rise, and filtered by lower screen 9-1, the suspension of greater particle size is stayed in lower floor suspension disposable box 9-2, continue to rise along with water body passes through lower screen 9-1 compared with the suspension of small particle diameter, and be full of middle level suspension disposable box 8-2 and upper strata suspension disposable box 7-2 successively, wherein, the medium suspension of particle diameter is stayed in the suspension disposable box 8-2 of middle level, what particle diameter was minimum then stays in the suspension disposable box 7-2 of upper strata,
Step 4: top 24V direct current suction pump 3 continuous firing, by by top layer filter screen 6 and enter top drainage space water body discharge sampling tank;
Step 5: when the sampling time satisfies condition, closes top 24V direct current suction pump 3, and by system cut-off;
Step 6: pull hawser with a scale, carries suspension Acquisition Instrument to (bank) on ship.Flange plate structure between water part, suspension Acquisition Instrument top, upper, middle and lower-ranking suspension collecting layer and base for supporting is opened by backing out fixed screw, take out upper, middle and lower-ranking suspension disposable box successively, now be filled with the liquid containing high concentration suspended matter in each collecting cassette, the physical state of viewing suspended substance in liquid, and Taking Pictures recording.Can be filtered on the bank by the high concentration suspended matter liquid acquired further, to obtain the solid-state sample of suspension, being convenient to the later stage does correlation analysis, end of so far sampling.
Finally should illustrate: although concrete structure of the present invention described by specific embodiment in detail by this instructions; but it will be apparent to those skilled in the art; the present invention is not limited to the description scope of above-described embodiment; in the essential scope of this patent; the various amendment carried out and replacement, all should belong to the protection domain of this patent.
Claims (2)
1. water body recovery technology divides a fraction storehouse Acquisition Instrument, comprising: suspension ring, be with graduated hawser and suspension point fraction storehouse Acquisition Instrument; The graduated hawser of described band twines on bobbin, is connected with a suspension point fraction storehouse Acquisition Instrument through suspension ring; It is characterized in that,
A described suspension point fraction storehouse Acquisition Instrument profile is barrel-shaped, is divided into three parts, is respectively by function: base for supporting and bottom water inlet portion at the bottom of part, bucket is collected in water part, top, middle part suspension;
Described water part, staving top comprises: sampling bung, direct current suction pump and top layer filter screen; Water part, top is connected with suspension collecting layer, upper strata by flange plate type structure; A suspension point Acquisition Instrument top, fraction storehouse arranges direct current suction pump; Between water part, top and suspension collecting layer, upper strata, top layer filter screen is set;
Suspension collection part in middle part is divided into suspension collecting layer, upper strata, suspension collecting layer, middle level, lower floor's suspension collecting layer, stacks successively from top to bottom, adopts flange plate type structure to be connected between three layers of suspension collecting layer;
Every layer of suspension collecting layer all comprises: suspension filtering layer, suspension disposable box, box body back up pad and inner wall of barrel fixed card slot; In each layer suspension collecting layer, suspension filtering layer arranges above suspension disposable box, between filter screen and box body from a distance;
Three layers of suspension disposable box are drum-shaped, and box body both sides are provided with rectangular-shaped fixing Kato, match with the fixed card slot of inner wall of barrel both sides, each layer suspension collecting layer.By being rotated counterclockwise, suspension disposable box extenal fixation Kato and collecting layer inner wall of barrel fixed card slot can ensure that disposable box is fixed in the horizontal direction, by turning clockwise, separate; Below upper strata suspension disposable box, middle level suspension disposable box, back up pad is set respectively, lower floor's suspension disposable box with base upper plate for back up pad, upper, middle and lower-ranking suspension disposable box in bucket is fixed at vertical direction respectively, then three layers of suspension disposable box in the horizontal direction and vertical direction all fixing; Suspension disposable box in upper, middle and lower-ranking suspension collecting layer, back up pad are identical, and the pore size of suspension screen pack reduces from bottom to up successively.
Flange plate type structure is adopted to be connected between water part, top, suspension collecting layer, upper strata, suspension collecting layer, middle level, lower floor's suspension collecting layer and base for supporting;
Base for supporting at the bottom of described bucket comprises base upper plate, base lower shoe and anchor post; The upper plate of staving base for supporting arranges inlet opening and is responsible for water inlet, be connected by four root posts between lower shoe with upper plate, upper plate is connected with lower floor's suspension collecting layer by flange plate type structure, to prevent suspension sampling apparatus from touching the end, and play the effect of support suspension thing Acquisition Instrument staving.
2. divide fraction storehouse Acquisition Instrument according to water body recovery technology according to claim 1, the water body after its water part, top adopts direct current suction pump enrichment in sampling tank to be filtered is discharged, and direct current suction pump water inlet arranges shunt.
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| CN105158023A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2015-12-16 | 大连理工大学 | Automatic control type classified filtration water body suspended matter collection device |
| CN108344600A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-07-31 | 中国环境科学研究院 | More micro- plastic sample synchronous of grain size in a kind of different depth water body |
| CN108421299A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-08-21 | 中国环境科学研究院 | The micro- plastics synchronous acquisition separator in the reciprocating ocean of multicell with the screw rod that removes sand |
| CN108918199A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-11-30 | 张萌 | A kind of bilayer plankton sampling device |
| CN108982158A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2018-12-11 | 东北师范大学 | The comprehensive acquisition device and method of micro- plastics in a kind of water body |
| CN109357914A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-02-19 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | One kind is used for into the multidirectional suspended particulate substance collection device in exit of a lake area |
| CN109959585A (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-07-02 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | One kind entering estuarine suspended matter stage metering device |
| CN111215157A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2020-06-02 | 南京怡天生物科技有限公司 | Microfluidic chip, device containing same and sample concentration method |
| CN115403112A (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2022-11-29 | 青岛海洋地质研究所 | Layered filtering device for water depth suspensions at different layers |
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| CN111215157A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2020-06-02 | 南京怡天生物科技有限公司 | Microfluidic chip, device containing same and sample concentration method |
| CN109357914A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-02-19 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | One kind is used for into the multidirectional suspended particulate substance collection device in exit of a lake area |
| CN109959585A (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-07-02 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | One kind entering estuarine suspended matter stage metering device |
| CN109959585B (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2024-01-19 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | Graded metering device for suspended matters at river mouth |
| CN115403112A (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2022-11-29 | 青岛海洋地质研究所 | Layered filtering device for water depth suspensions at different layers |
| CN115403112B (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2023-11-21 | 青岛海洋地质研究所 | Layered filtering device for water depth suspensions at different layers |
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