CN104677691B - A water body suspended solids classification bin collection instrument - Google Patents
A water body suspended solids classification bin collection instrument Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种水体悬浮物分级分仓采集仪，属于环境监测技术领域，涉及到河流、湖泊、水库的悬浮物样本采集。该采集仪，包括吊环、带有刻度的缆绳、以及悬浮物分级分仓采集仪；所述带有刻度的缆绳缠于线轴上，穿过吊环与悬浮物分级分仓采集仪相连接；采集仪外形为圆桶状，分为：顶部出水部分、中部悬浮物收集部分、桶底支撑底座和底部进水部分；中部悬浮物收集部分分为上层悬浮物收集层、中层悬浮物收集层、下层悬浮物收集层，从上至下依次叠放，三层悬浮物收集层之间采用法兰盘式结构相连接。本发明解决了悬浮物的原位、微扰动、分级采样，避免形成滤膜堵塞问题，可以获得不同粒径大小的悬浮物样本，操作方便，可用于河流、湖泊、水库等水体中悬浮物的采集，保真性好精度高代表性强。
A water body suspended matter classification and compartment collection instrument belongs to the field of environmental monitoring technology and involves the collection of suspended matter samples in rivers, lakes and reservoirs. The collector includes a lifting ring, a cable with a scale, and a suspended matter classification and compartment collection instrument; the cable with a scale is wound on a spool, passes through the lifting ring and is connected to the suspended matter classification and compartment collection instrument; the collector is barrel-shaped and is divided into: a top water outlet part, a middle suspended matter collection part, a barrel bottom support base and a bottom water inlet part; the middle suspended matter collection part is divided into an upper suspended matter collection layer, a middle suspended matter collection layer and a lower suspended matter collection layer, which are stacked from top to bottom, and the three suspended matter collection layers are connected by a flange structure. The present invention solves the problem of in-situ, micro-disturbance and graded sampling of suspended matter, avoids the problem of filter membrane clogging, can obtain suspended matter samples of different particle sizes, is easy to operate, and can be used for the collection of suspended matter in water bodies such as rivers, lakes and reservoirs, with good fidelity, high precision and strong representativeness.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于环境监测、环境治理及悬浮物样本采集技术领域，涉及到河流、湖泊、水库的悬浮物样本采集，特别涉及到一种水体悬浮物分级分仓采集仪。The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental monitoring, environmental treatment and suspended matter sample collection, and relates to the collection of suspended matter samples in rivers, lakes and reservoirs, and in particular to a water body suspended matter classification and sub-bin collector.
背景技术Background technique
水源地的水质保护与管理是保证安全供水的根本所在。水源水体中污染物常以溶解态、悬浮态和沉积态的形式存在，其中，悬浮物是指悬浮在水中的固体物质，包括不溶于水的无机物、有机物、泥沙、粘土以及微生物等。悬浮物既可吸附多种有害物质，又包含着生化过程，是污染物浓度较高、感官嗅味影响突出的复合污染物。在水源水库的运行过程中，进入水库的水量多是以大流量的洪水形式输入，而放水过程多以满足供水要求的小流量均匀地从上层取水输出。长此以往导致污染物越来越多地累积在水库中，较大颗粒的悬浮物逐渐沉淀，中小颗粒则吸附凝聚在一起，悬浮在水库的下层水体中。由此可见，水库水体的污染给供水带来巨大的隐患，水体污染的监测与治理迫在眉睫。Water quality protection and management in water sources is fundamental to ensure safe water supply. Pollutants in water sources often exist in the form of dissolved, suspended and deposited. Among them, suspended solids refer to solid substances suspended in water, including water-insoluble inorganic substances, organic substances, sediment, clay, and microorganisms. Suspended solids can not only adsorb a variety of harmful substances, but also contain biochemical processes. They are complex pollutants with high pollutant concentration and prominent sensory, smell and taste effects. During the operation of the water source reservoir, the amount of water entering the reservoir is mostly in the form of a large-flow flood, while the water release process mostly takes water from the upper layer evenly with a small flow to meet the water supply requirements. If things go on like this, more and more pollutants will accumulate in the reservoir, larger particles of suspended solids will gradually settle, and medium and small particles will be adsorbed and condensed together, suspended in the lower water body of the reservoir. It can be seen that the pollution of reservoir water brings huge hidden dangers to water supply, and the monitoring and treatment of water pollution is imminent.
由于悬浮物结构的脆弱性，其本身极易受到破坏，因此对悬浮物样本的采集手段有着特殊的要求。悬浮物的密度比较小，为了采集到足够数量的样本进行分析化验，需要在采样水体中进行富集处理。已有悬浮物样本的富集方法主要分为两种：沉降法和蒸发法。沉降法是指用采集到的水样进行自然沉降，并取底部的悬浊液稀释到所用的浓度；蒸发法是指将含有悬浮物的水体样本在室温下风干，从而利用蒸发手段获得悬浮物样本。常用的采集方法还有：1)使用悬浮物收集器收集；2)在岸上使用滤膜对含有悬浮物的水体进行过滤；3)收集新沉降下的或容易重新成为悬浮物的水底沉积物等。Due to the fragility of the structure of suspended matter, it is easily damaged, so there are special requirements for the collection methods of suspended matter samples. The density of suspended matter is relatively small. In order to collect a sufficient number of samples for analysis and testing, it is necessary to carry out enrichment treatment in the sampled water body. There are two main methods for enrichment of suspended solids samples: sedimentation method and evaporation method. The sedimentation method refers to the natural sedimentation of the collected water samples, and dilutes the suspension at the bottom to the concentration used; the evaporation method refers to air-drying the water sample containing suspended solids at room temperature, so as to obtain the suspended solids by means of evaporation. sample. Commonly used collection methods include: 1) using a suspended solids collector to collect; 2) using a filter membrane on the shore to filter water containing suspended solids; 3) collecting newly settled or easily re-formed suspended solids at the bottom of the water, etc. .
目前，用于悬浮物样本采集的方法主要分为两种，第一种方法为：先利用抽水泵等方式将大量的水体抽到船上或岸上，再在岸上或者将样本转移至实验室中，对抽取上来的含有悬浮物的水体进行富集过滤。这种方式的优点在于取样量大，可以获得大量的水体。其缺点在于取样效率低下，且先利用水泵将水体抽上岸后，势必对当前采样位置的悬浮物样本造成扰动，导致水体中细小的悬浮物无规则扩散、悬浮颗粒相互吸附沉降等现象发生，从而破坏样本原有的物质形态，使样本失去研究意义。第二种方法为：利用过滤装置在水下直接对含有悬浮物的水体进行过滤。这种方式的优点在于，可以在采样点对悬浮物进行原位采集，避免了对悬浮物样本造成破坏。其缺点在于，一般的过滤装置在过滤一段时间之后，悬浮物样本颗粒会在过滤网上形成堵塞，随着过滤的进行，滤网无法再对悬浮物颗粒进行过滤，使采样过程无法继续下去。At present, there are mainly two methods for collecting suspended solids samples. The first method is: first use pumps to pump a large amount of water onto the ship or the shore, and then transfer the samples to the laboratory on the shore or Enrichment and filtration are carried out on the extracted water containing suspended solids. The advantage of this method is that the sampling volume is large and a large amount of water can be obtained. Its disadvantage is that the sampling efficiency is low, and after the water body is pumped ashore by the water pump, it will inevitably cause disturbance to the suspended matter sample at the current sampling position, resulting in irregular diffusion of fine suspended matter in the water body, mutual adsorption and settlement of suspended particles, etc., thus Destroying the original material form of the sample makes the sample lose its research significance. The second method is: use a filter device to directly filter the water body containing suspended solids underwater. The advantage of this method is that the suspended matter can be collected in situ at the sampling point, avoiding damage to the suspended matter sample. Its disadvantage is that after a period of time of filtering by a general filter device, the suspended solid sample particles will form a blockage on the filter screen. As the filtration progresses, the filter screen can no longer filter the suspended solid particles, making the sampling process unable to continue.
显然，上述两种悬浮物采样方法均难以真正地满足悬浮物采样的要求。因此，需要研发具有原位、微扰动(不破坏水体中絮凝状悬浮物)、滤网不易堵塞、可观察水下悬浮物情况等功能的悬浮物采集仪。Obviously, the above two suspended matter sampling methods are difficult to truly meet the requirements of suspended matter sampling. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a suspended solids collector with functions such as in-situ, micro-disturbance (without destroying the flocculated suspended solids in the water body), the filter screen is not easy to block, and the underwater suspended solids can be observed.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术存在的不足，提供一套能够在原位、微扰动地获取悬浮物样本的采样装置，该装置能够准确地在不同采样点对悬浮物进行富集采样，操作方便，同时还具备水情观测、采样点深度测定与悬浮物浊度测定等功能。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a set of sampling devices capable of obtaining samples of suspended solids in situ and in a slightly disturbed manner in view of the deficiencies in the prior art. The device can accurately enrich suspended solids at different sampling points Sampling is easy to operate, and it also has the functions of water regime observation, sampling point depth measurement and suspended solid turbidity measurement.
本发明的技术方案如下：Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
一种水体悬浮物分级分仓采集仪，包括：吊环、带有刻度的缆绳、以及悬浮物分级分仓采集仪等；所述带有刻度的缆绳缠于线轴上，穿过吊环与悬浮物分级分仓采集仪相连接。A grading and sub-bin collector for suspended matter in water bodies, comprising: a suspension ring, a cable with a scale, and a grading and sub-bin collector for suspended matter; The sub-bin collector is connected.
所述悬浮物分级分仓采集仪外形为圆桶状，按功能可以分为三部分，分别为：顶部出水部分、中部悬浮物收集部分、桶底支撑底座和底部进水部分。The suspended solids grading and sub-bin collector has a cylindrical shape and can be divided into three parts according to functions, namely: top water outlet part, middle suspended solids collection part, bucket bottom support base and bottom water inlet part.
所述的桶体顶部出水部分包括：采样桶盖、直流抽水泵、分流器、以及顶层滤网。顶部出水部分通过法兰盘式结构与上层悬浮物收集层相连接。悬浮物分级分仓采集仪顶端设置直流抽水泵，利用直流抽水泵抽水的功能，将采样桶内富集过滤后的水源源不断地排出去，加快了水体富集过滤的过程，大大提高了悬浮物采样工作的效率。顶部出水部分与上层悬浮物收集层之间设置顶层滤网，防止采样桶中的悬浮物被顶端直流抽水泵直接排出桶外。直流抽水泵进水口设置分流器，增加抽水泵进水表面的面积，防止由于直流抽水泵抽水表面的面积过小而造成滤网表面出现局部堵塞的现象。The water outlet part at the top of the barrel includes: a sampling barrel cover, a direct-flow water pump, a diverter, and a top filter. The water outlet part at the top is connected with the upper suspended matter collection layer through a flange plate structure. A DC water pump is installed on the top of the suspended solids grading and sub-bin collection instrument. Using the function of the DC water pump to pump water, the enriched and filtered water in the sampling bucket is continuously discharged, which speeds up the process of enriching and filtering the water body, and greatly improves the suspension. The efficiency of material sampling work. A top-layer filter is set between the top outlet part and the upper suspended solids collection layer to prevent the suspended solids in the sampling bucket from being directly discharged out of the bucket by the top DC pump. The water inlet of the DC water pump is equipped with a diverter to increase the area of the water inlet surface of the water pump and prevent local blockage of the filter screen surface due to the small water surface area of the DC water pump.
中部悬浮物收集部分分为上层悬浮物收集层、中层悬浮物收集层、下层悬浮物收集层，从上至下依次叠放，三层悬浮物收集层之间采用法兰盘式结构相连接。The central suspended matter collection part is divided into an upper suspended matter collection layer, a middle suspended matter collection layer, and a lower suspended matter collection layer, which are stacked sequentially from top to bottom, and the three suspended matter collection layers are connected by a flange structure.
每层悬浮物收集层都包括：悬浮物过滤层、悬浮物收集盒、盒体支撑板以及桶体内壁固定卡槽等。不同目数的悬浮物过滤网以及滤网固定边缘。各层悬浮物收集层中，悬浮物过滤层设置悬浮物收集盒上方，滤网与盒体之间隔开一段距离。Each layer of suspended solids collection layer includes: suspended solids filter layer, suspended solids collection box, box body support plate, and fixed card slot on the inner wall of the barrel, etc. Suspended solids filters of different meshes and fixed edge of the filter. In each suspended matter collection layer, the suspended matter filter layer is arranged above the suspended matter collection box, and a certain distance is separated between the filter screen and the box body.
三层悬浮物收集盒为圆桶形，盒体两侧设置有长方体状固定卡托，与各层悬浮物收集层桶体内壁两侧的固定卡槽相吻合。悬浮物收集盒外固定卡托与收集层桶体内壁固定卡槽通过逆时针旋转可以保证收集盒在水平方向上固定，通过顺时针旋转则可以分开；上层悬浮物收集盒、中层悬浮物收集盒下方分别设置支撑板，下层悬浮物收集盒以底座上底板为支撑板，使桶内上、中、下三层悬浮物收集盒分别在竖直方向固定，则三层悬浮物收集盒在水平方向以及竖直方向均固定。The three-layer suspended matter collection box is in the shape of a barrel, and there are cuboid-shaped fixing brackets on both sides of the box body, which coincide with the fixed card slots on both sides of the inner wall of the barrel of each layer of suspended matter collection layer. The outer fixing bracket of the suspended solids collection box and the fixed card slot on the inner wall of the collection layer barrel can ensure that the collection box is fixed in the horizontal direction by rotating counterclockwise, and can be separated by rotating clockwise; the upper suspended solids collection box and the middle suspended solids collection box Support plates are set at the bottom, and the lower suspended matter collection box uses the upper bottom plate of the base as the support plate, so that the upper, middle and lower layers of suspended matter collection boxes in the barrel are respectively fixed in the vertical direction, and the three layers of suspended matter collection boxes are in the horizontal direction. and vertical orientation are fixed.
顶部出水部分、上层悬浮物收集层、中层悬浮物收集层、下层悬浮物收集层、以及支撑底座之间采用法兰盘式结构相连接。The water outlet part at the top, the upper suspended matter collection layer, the middle suspended matter collection layer, the lower suspended matter collection layer, and the support base are connected by a flange structure.
上、中、下三层悬浮物收集层中悬浮物收集盒、支撑板相同，而悬浮物过滤网的孔径大小从下至上依次减小。下层悬浮物过滤网的网孔目数设置为最少，即网孔的孔径最大；上层悬浮物过滤网的网孔目数设置为最多，即网孔的孔径最小，孔径大小从下至上依次减小。The suspended solids collection boxes and support plates in the upper, middle and lower suspended solids collection layers are the same, while the apertures of the suspended solids filter screens decrease in order from bottom to top. The mesh number of the lower suspended solids filter is set to be the least, that is, the pore size of the mesh is the largest; the mesh of the upper suspended solids filter is set to the largest, that is, the pore size of the mesh is the smallest, and the pore size decreases from bottom to top. .
不同孔径的滤网用于过滤不同粒径大小的悬浮物，解决了使用一层滤网过滤时形成的滤膜堵塞的问题。悬浮物过滤网与悬浮物收集盒之间、每层悬浮物收集层之间均间隔一段距离，以便于采样时水体在各层悬浮物收集层内充分流动与交换。悬浮物样本采集前，根据采样点悬浮物的粒径大小情况，选择合适孔径的悬浮物过滤网，通过法兰盘结构依次连接悬浮物采集仪各部件。采样结束后，打开各层法兰盘结构，分别取出上、中、下三层悬浮物收集盒，可以获得悬浮物样本。Filters with different pore sizes are used to filter suspended solids with different particle sizes, which solves the problem of filter membrane clogging when using a layer of filter to filter. There is a certain distance between the suspended matter filter screen and the suspended matter collection box, and between each layer of suspended matter collection layer, so as to facilitate the sufficient flow and exchange of water in each layer of suspended matter collection layer during sampling. Before collecting the suspended solids sample, according to the particle size of the suspended solids at the sampling point, select a suspended solids filter with a suitable pore size, and connect the components of the suspended solids collector in sequence through the flange structure. After sampling, open the flange structure of each layer, and take out the upper, middle and lower layers of suspended matter collection boxes respectively to obtain suspended matter samples.
所述桶底支撑底座包括底座上底板、底座下底板、以及固定支柱。桶体支撑底座的上底板上设置进水孔负责进水，下底板与上底板之间通过四根立柱相连接，上底板通过法兰盘式结构与下层悬浮物收集层相连接，以防止悬浮物采样装置触底，并起到支撑悬浮物采集仪桶体的作用。The bucket bottom support base includes an upper bottom plate of the base, a lower bottom plate of the base, and a fixed pillar. The upper bottom plate of the barrel support base is provided with a water inlet hole to be responsible for water intake. The lower bottom plate and the upper bottom plate are connected by four columns. The upper bottom plate is connected to the lower suspended matter collection layer through a flange structure to prevent suspension. The solids sampling device touches the bottom and plays a role in supporting the barrel of the suspended solids collector.
本发明的效果和益处是相比于现有主要的两种悬浮物采集方法，解决了采样时破坏悬浮物样本结构，使样本失去研究意义，以及造成过滤装置滤膜堵塞等问题，发明了能够较为准确地在不同采样点对悬浮物进行分级、分仓微扰动取样的悬浮物采集仪，具有保真性好、代表性强、造价低等特点。The effect and benefit of the present invention are that compared with the existing two main suspended matter collection methods, it solves the problems of destroying the structure of the suspended matter sample during sampling, making the sample lose its research significance, and causing the filter membrane of the filter device to be clogged. The suspended solids collector that can accurately classify suspended solids at different sampling points and take micro-disturbance sampling in separate bins has the characteristics of good fidelity, strong representativeness, and low cost.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是水体悬浮物分级分仓采集仪的整体结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the water body suspended matter classification bin collection instrument.
图2是上层悬浮物收集层的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the upper suspended matter collection layer.
图3是悬浮物滤层的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the suspended matter filter layer.
图4是悬浮物收集盒的结构示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the suspension collection box.
图5是悬浮物收集盒的俯视图。Fig. 5 is a top view of the suspension collection box.
图6是上层悬浮物收集层内支撑板的俯视图。Fig. 6 is a top view of the support plate in the upper suspension collection layer.
图7是悬浮物采样桶体顶部的俯视图。Fig. 7 is a plan view of the top of the suspended matter sampling barrel.
图8是悬浮物采样桶体支撑底座的结构图。Fig. 8 is a structural diagram of the support base of the suspended matter sampling barrel.
图9是支撑底座上底板的俯视图。Figure 9 is a top view of the bottom plate on the support base.
图中：1吊环；2缆绳；3顶部直流抽水泵；4分流器；5桶体顶端盖；6顶层滤网；7上层悬浮物收集层；8中层悬浮物收集层；9下层悬浮物收集层；10桶底支撑底座；In the figure: 1 lifting ring; 2 cables; 3 top DC water pump; 4 diverter; 5 barrel top cover; 6 top filter; 7 upper suspended matter collection layer; ; 10 bucket bottom support base;
5-1直流抽水泵进水口；5-2固定螺纹孔；5-1 DC pump water inlet; 5-2 fixed threaded hole;
7-1悬浮物过滤层；7-2悬浮物收集盒；7-3盒体支撑板；7-4桶体内壁固定卡槽；7-5固定螺丝；7-1 Suspended matter filter layer; 7-2 Suspended matter collection box; 7-3 Box support plate; 7-4 Fixing slot on the inner wall of the barrel; 7-5 Fixing screw;
7-1-1滤网固定边缘；7-1-2悬浮物过滤网；7-1-1 fixed edge of filter screen; 7-1-2 suspended matter filter screen;
7-2-1悬浮物收集盒体；7-2-2盒外固定卡托(把手)；7-2-1 Suspended matter collection box; 7-2-2 Fixing tray (handle) outside the box;
7-2-1悬浮物收集盒体；7-2-2盒外固定卡托(把手)；7-2-3悬浮物收集盒体边缘；7-2-1 Suspended solids collection box; 7-2-2 Fixing tray (handle) outside the box; 7-2-3 Suspensions collection box edge;
7-3-1支撑板部分；7-3-2进水部分；7-3-1 Support plate part; 7-3-2 Water inlet part;
10-1上底板；10-2下底板；10-3固定支柱；10-4中心固定支柱；10-5进水口；10-5进水口；10-6固定螺纹孔。10-1 upper base plate; 10-2 lower base plate; 10-3 fixed pillar; 10-4 center fixed pillar; 10-5 water inlet; 10-5 water inlet; 10-6 fixed threaded hole.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下是结合技术方案和附图详细叙述本发明的具体实施方式。The following is a detailed description of the specific implementation of the present invention in combination with technical solutions and accompanying drawings.
参见图1-图9，一种水体悬浮物分级分仓采集仪的实施例包括：1、吊环；2、缆绳；3、顶部24V直流抽水泵负责将采样桶内过滤后的水体排出；4、分流器；5、桶体顶端盖；5-1、直流抽水泵进水口；5-2、固定螺纹孔；6、顶层滤网；7、上层悬浮物收集层；7-1、悬浮物过滤层；7-1-1、滤网固定边缘；7-1-2、悬浮物过滤网；7-2、悬浮物收集盒；7-2-1、悬浮物收集盒体；7-2-2、盒外固定卡托(把手)；7-2-3、悬浮物收集盒体边缘；7-3、盒体支撑板；7-3-1、支撑板部分；7-3-2、进水部分；7-4、桶体内壁固定卡槽；7-5、固定螺丝；8、中层悬浮物收集层；9、下层悬浮物收集层；10、桶体支撑底座；10-1、上底板；10-2、下底板；10-3、固定支柱；10-4、中心固定支柱；10-5进水口；10-6、固定螺纹孔。Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 9, the embodiment of a kind of water suspended solids grading bin collection instrument comprises: 1, suspension ring; 2, cable; 3, the top 24V DC water pump is responsible for discharging the water body after filtering in the sampling bucket; 4, Diverter; 5. The top cover of the barrel; 5-1. The water inlet of the DC pump; 5-2. The fixed threaded hole; 6. The top filter; 7. The upper suspended matter collection layer; ; 7-1-1, filter screen fixed edge; 7-1-2, suspended matter filter screen; 7-2, suspended matter collection box; 7-2-1, suspended matter collection box body; 7-2-2, Fixing tray (handle) outside the box; 7-2-3, the edge of the suspended matter collection box; 7-3, the support plate of the box body; 7-3-1, the support plate part; 7-3-2, the water inlet part ; 7-4, the fixed card slot on the inner wall of the barrel; 7-5, the fixing screw; 8, the middle suspended matter collection layer; 9, the lower suspended matter collection layer; 10, the barrel support base; 10-1, the upper bottom plate; -2, lower base plate; 10-3, fixed pillar; 10-4, central fixed pillar; 10-5 water inlet; 10-6, fixed threaded hole.
使用水体悬浮物分级分仓采集仪进行悬浮物样本采集的具体实施步骤如下：The specific implementation steps for collecting suspended solids samples using the water suspended solids classification bin collector are as follows:
步骤1：到达采样点，根据采样点悬浮物的粒径大小情况，选择合适的三种不同孔径大小的悬浮物过滤网，安装固定在各层悬浮物收集层内，上层滤网孔径最小，下层滤网孔径最大。通过法兰盘结构将悬浮物采集仪顶部出水部分、上、中、下三层悬浮物收集层、以及支撑底座依次连接。将24V直流电源与悬浮物采集仪顶端的24V直流抽水泵连接，并为其供电，检查整套设备是否正常工作；Step 1: Arrive at the sampling point. According to the particle size of the suspended solids at the sampling point, select appropriate suspended solids filters with three different pore sizes, install and fix them in the suspended solids collection layers of each layer, the upper filter has the smallest pore size, and the lower filter The filter mesh has the largest pore size. The water outlet part at the top of the suspended solids collector, the upper, middle and lower suspended solids collection layers, and the support base are sequentially connected through the flange plate structure. Connect the 24V DC power supply to the 24V DC water pump on the top of the suspended solids collector, and supply power to it, and check whether the whole set of equipment works normally;
步骤2：确定待采集悬浮物的采样深度，将水体悬浮物分级分仓采集仪放入水中，通过带刻度的缆绳观察下水深度，将设备下放到预设的采样深度，打开顶部24V直流抽水泵3，开始采样；Step 2: Determine the sampling depth of the suspended solids to be collected, put the water body suspended solids classification bin collector into the water, observe the depth of the water through the graduated cable, lower the device to the preset sampling depth, and turn on the top 24V DC water pump 3. Start sampling;
步骤3：含有悬浮物的水体通过支撑底座上底板10-1的进水口10-5进入采样桶，随着水量的增加，桶内水位不断上升。当桶内水位高于下层悬浮物收集盒9-2时，由于下层悬浮物过滤层固定边缘9-1-1的导流作用，水体形成涡流并进入下层悬浮物收集盒9-2，当下层悬浮物收集盒9-2充满悬浮物混合液时，水位继续上升，并通过下层滤网9-1进行过滤，较大粒径的悬浮物留在下层悬浮物收集盒9-2中，较小粒径的悬浮物随着水体通过下层滤网9-1继续上升，并依次充满中层悬浮物收集盒8-2以及上层悬浮物收集盒7-2，其中，粒径中等的悬浮物留在中层悬浮物收集盒8-2中，粒径最小的则留在上层悬浮物收集盒7-2中；Step 3: The water body containing suspended solids enters the sampling barrel through the water inlet 10-5 of the upper bottom plate 10-1 of the support base, and the water level in the barrel continues to rise as the water volume increases. When the water level in the bucket was higher than the lower suspended matter collection box 9-2, due to the diversion effect of the fixed edge 9-1-1 of the lower suspended matter filter layer, the water body formed a vortex and entered the lower suspended matter collection box 9-2, and the lower layer When the suspended solids collection box 9-2 was full of suspended solids mixture, the water level continued to rise and was filtered by the lower floor filter screen 9-1, and the suspended solids with larger particle diameters stayed in the suspended solids collection box 9-2 of the lower floor, and the smaller suspended solids collected in the suspended solids collection box 9-2. The suspended matter of particle size continues to rise as the water body passes through the lower filter screen 9-1, and fills the middle layer of suspended matter collection box 8-2 and the upper layer of suspended matter collection box 7-2 in turn, wherein the suspended matter of medium particle size stays in the middle layer In the suspended matter collection box 8-2, the smallest particle size is left in the upper strata suspended matter collection box 7-2;
步骤4：顶部24V直流抽水泵3持续工作，将通过顶层滤网6并进入上部排水空间的水体排出采样桶；Step 4: The top 24V DC water pump 3 continues to work, and the water that passes through the top filter 6 and enters the upper drainage space is discharged from the sampling bucket;
步骤5：当采样时间满足条件时，关闭顶部24V直流抽水泵3，并将系统断电；Step 5: When the sampling time meets the conditions, turn off the top 24V DC water pump 3 and power off the system;
步骤6：拉动带刻度的缆绳，将悬浮物采集仪提至船上(岸边)。通过拧下固定螺丝打开悬浮物采集仪顶部出水部分、上、中、下三层悬浮物收集层、以及支撑底座之间的法兰盘结构，依次取出上、中、下三层悬浮物收集盒，此时每个采集盒里充满了含有高浓度悬浮物的液体，观看液体中悬浮物的物理状态，并拍照记录。可以进一步将获取得到的高浓度悬浮物液体进行岸上过滤，以获得悬浮物固态样本，便于后期做相关分析，至此采样结束。Step 6: Pull the graduated cable to lift the suspended matter collector to the ship (shore). Open the top water outlet part of the suspended solids collector, the upper, middle and lower suspended solids collection layers, and the flange structure between the support base by unscrewing the fixing screws, and take out the upper, middle and lower suspended solids collection boxes in sequence At this time, each collection box is filled with liquid containing high-concentration suspended matter, observe the physical state of the suspended matter in the liquid, and take pictures to record. The obtained high-concentration suspended matter liquid can be further filtered on the shore to obtain a solid sample of suspended matter, which is convenient for later related analysis, and the sampling is over.
最后应该说明：本说明书虽然通过具体的实施方式详细描述了本发明的具体结构，但是本领域的技术人员应该清楚，本发明并不局限于上述实施例的描述范围，在本专利的实质范围内，进行的各种修改和替换，都应属于本专利的保护范围。Finally, it should be noted that although this specification has described the specific structure of the present invention in detail through specific implementation methods, those skilled in the art should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the description scope of the above-mentioned embodiments, but within the essential scope of this patent. , various modifications and replacements should fall within the protection scope of this patent.
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