CN104833548B - Convective barrier-type suspended substance acquisition instrument - Google Patents
Convective barrier-type suspended substance acquisition instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN104833548B CN104833548B CN201510210171.1A CN201510210171A CN104833548B CN 104833548 B CN104833548 B CN 104833548B CN 201510210171 A CN201510210171 A CN 201510210171A CN 104833548 B CN104833548 B CN 104833548B
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005479 Lucite® Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003851 biochemical process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a convective barrier-type suspended substance acquisition instrument, and belongs to the technical fields of environment monitoring, environment treatment, and suspended substance acquisition. The instrument mainly comprises a weak-perturbation piston-type raw water sample acquisition instrument, which is mainly composed of a convective barrel, an axial-flow pump, a barrel cover, a filter membrane, a barrier-type support, a base, a partitioned water-insulation barrel, a filter screen, and a water outlet. The convective barrel, axial-flow pump, and layered filter membrane can filter a raw suspended substance sample on site without obstruction. The provided instrument can achieve weak-perturbation layered concentration and acquisition on a suspended substance sample; moreover multiple technologies are adopted to prevent the filter membrane from being obstructed, and thus the concentration multiple of the suspended substance can be restored precisely. The acquisition instrument has the characteristics of strong representativeness, high efficiency, low production cost, and convenient operation, and does not destroy the structure of the suspended substances.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental monitoring, environmental improvement and float sample collection technical field, be related to river, lake,
The layering collection of the float sample of reservoir, is related specifically to the differential suspension thing sample collection based on flocculate in water body.
Background technology
China's gross amount of water resources is deficient, and with the development of social economy, quality problem more will be projected.Pollution in water body
Thing is present with the dissolved, three kinds of forms of suspension states of matter and deposited, the change of water quality the moving between three by pollutant
Transferization is determined.Float in water body not only itself adsorbs multiple harmful substances, and includes biochemical process, or pollutant
The important channel of Transport And Transformation in water body and float.Further, since specific surface area is big, high adsorption capacity, the dirt of its enrichment
Dye thing concentration can reach the decades of times of the several times of deposit, water body.Therefore, accurate acquisition water body recovery technology sample is to grasp comprehensively
The key of water quality condition.
Monitoring water environment specification points out that float refers to the residue through 0.45 μm of membrane filtration, contains 0.45 in water body
All of particulate matter, floccule, floating thing more than μm etc..In fact, float is in water body between aqueous water and solid particle
The very high flocculate of water saturation degree or complex, with very strong reactivity and migratory activity, the vulnerability of structure is easily
Destroyed.It is less in water body Midst density due to which, chemical examination is analyzed in order to gather sufficient amount of float, needs are being adopted
Enrichment process is carried out in sample water body.The method of float sample has been enriched with, it is important that solid is separated from thin suspension
Material, is enriched with by settling (filtration) and evaporation (drying).The conventional method of sampling includes：(1) a large amount of water samples of collection in worksite
Then filter in laboratory；(2) throw in float catcher collect new sedimentation in a period of time (one month or 1 year) or
Easily become again the benthal deposit of float；(3) by submersible pump to different water depth, the water of different levels is evacuated to into water
Face is concentrated with filter membrane；(4) deposit is gathered, laboratory prepares float.Existing acquisition method is in fidelity, ageing, behaviour
There is certain restriction in the property made.Content in float needed for the quantitative analyses of pollutant is typically in terms of g, but most water bodys
Middle suspension content is mg/L levels, so is accomplished by gathering the water sample of dozens or even hundreds of liter using first kind of way, considers further that
To the demand of sample layering, a point can be caused to be accomplished by hundreds of liters of water samples, transport and collection are all very inconvenient；Second method
Collection is sample in a period of time, is to gather the comprehensive sample in the period, however water body be easily subject to extraneous hydrometeorology,
The impact of disposal of pollutants, suspension content and feature also can dynamic change, this acquisition mode cannot catch float exactly
Dynamic change, and the principle of this acquisition mode is gravitational settling for the float of flocculation floating state cannot also be caught
Catch；The third mode is directly drawn water filtration using immersible pump, efficiency high and simple, but there are some researches show in pump process, hangs
The structure and form of float is possible to be destroyed by water pump blade, affects the quantitative analyses of float；4th kind of mode is really mould
Sediment resuspension process is intended.These methods are effective for the float based on research granule, but can not meet suspension
The demand of the comprehensive studies such as thing organoleptic indicator, Biological indicators, chemical index and characterization of adsorption.
Obviously, aforementioned water acquisition equipment does not possess the function of quick micro-disturbance enrichment collection float, especially flocculate
The original state collection of more float sample.Acquisition time is short, water disturbance is little (does not destroy float structure to need research and development to have
With form), sample portable (enrichment method), without blocking etc. function float sampler.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention be to provide it is a set of do not destroy float initial condition, sample is portable, collection
Efficiency high, it is adaptable to the float sample collecting device of the inland waters such as river, lake, reservoir, is especially suitable for based on flocculate
Float layering collection.The device can also easily calculate cycles of concentration.
The technical scheme is that：
Convection current barrier type float Acquisition Instrument, mainly by convection type staving, axial-flow pump, bung, filter membrane, barrier type support,
Bearing, subregion water proof bucket, filter screen, outlet composition.Obtained using axial-flow pump, convection type staving and filter membrane filtration in-situ water extracts
Take float sample.
Convection type staving upper end is uniformly provided with 3 inclined water inlets, and flat inclination is 45 °, incline direction and ground
The inertia force that revolutions are produced is consistent, and is designed as counterclockwise, being designed as clockwise during the Southern Hemisphere during Northern Hemisphere,
Ensure that water inlet direction is consistent with water (flow) direction substantially, reduce disturbance during water inlet, and have certain vertical angle so that water body
Moved in rotary parabolic line mode in bucket, in dynamic rotary state, not only reduce machine of the float absorption on filter membrane
Meeting, additionally it is possible to wash away the float adhered on filter membrane, water inlet is equipped with filter screen prevents large-sized object from entering convection type staving,
Destruction equipment operation.Convection type staving lower end arrange bearing install axial-flow pump, arrange bilayer zone rubber draw-in groove, one layer to every
Grating support connects, and one layer to connect with subregion water proof bucket in addition, and double-deck pocket numbers are identical with the filter membrane number of plies, so that
Float sample after concentration is stored between each metafiltration film, realizes live float layering concentration collection.Convection type staving
Bottom arranges outlet to gather the float sample of layering concentration in different filter membranous layers.Convection type staving is lucite
Material, can also directly observe sample morphology.
Axial-flow pump is fixed on convection type staving lower end, the innermost layer of barrier type support, the water inlet of water pump under, outlet
Upper, outlet up stretches out one section, to reduce the cross influence of the water body to sampling depth.As the water inlet of staving is upper
Portion, the water inlet of water pump can form above-mentioned parabola water intake mode in the presence of dynamical elevation in bottom.Water pump is arranged on
Innermost layer, the sample of each metafiltration film storage remain original form, the float of greater particle size all not through water pump vane
All it is extremely small granule in innermost layer after each metafiltration membrane filtration, water pump is not affected substantially on which.Meanwhile, by calculating
Sampling time and the working flow of pump, just can calculate filtration volume of water sample V0, just may be used with its volume V1 for removing convection type staving
Obtain cycles of concentration.
Bung is connected with convection type staving by bolt, and shimming waterproof.There are two apertures to be axle stream respectively on bung
The preformed hole of pump and cable, is connected by watertight connector.Four projections with holes are provided with the top of bung, to tied rope, lifting sets
Standby, it is ensured that cable does not stress, bung bottom is provided with the draw-in groove with rubber to connect with barrier type support, is formed with bracket end
Sealing, it is ensured that the not reciprocal effect of the sample in each metafiltration film.
Filter membrane adsorbs on barrier type support, and four metafiltration films from big to small are provided with from staving side to water pump, will not
Different interval reductions are stored in the float of particle diameter to block, efficiency is improved, its filter sizes and filter membrane quantity can be according to not
Same increase in demand is deleted.
Barrier type support has multilamellar, and quantity is consistent with filter membrane quantity, and upper and lower end parts are totally-enclosed design to coordinate
Convection type staving and bung form sealing, and middle part is designed to fix filter membrane for barrier type realizes water body layered filtration.
Bearing and convection type staving are with bolts, to play a supporting role when float sample is collected, while
Bottom out prevented also from equipment and play a protective role.
Subregion water proof bucket top is left aperture and is passed through with the outlet to axial-flow pump, and its underpart is tiered form, its number of plies
With the filter membrane number of plies always, each layer diameter is less than barrier type support, and can be inserted into convection type staving bottom draw-in groove and convection type staving
Form the float concentrating sample storage area of relatively independent, density stratification.
The present invention compared to existing float collecting device in fidelity, the deficiency of ageing, operability, capture by emphasis
The original state collection of the float sample based on flocculate, invented have preserve suitable for sample concentration, layering, micro-disturbance takes
The convection current barrier type float Acquisition Instrument that the functions such as sample, observation form are integrated.With not destroying float structure, representativeness
By force, efficiency high, low cost, it is easy to operate the features such as.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 a are convection current barrier type float Acquisition Instrument structural representations.
Fig. 1 b are convection current barrier type float Acquisition Instrument structure sectional views.
Fig. 2 is that convection current barrier type float Acquisition Instrument sample reclaims schematic diagram.
In figure：1 staving；2 axial-flow pumps；3 bungs；4 filter membranes；5 barrier type supports；6 bearings；7 subregion water proof buckets；8 filter screens；9
Outlet.
Specific embodiment
The specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with technical scheme and accompanying drawing.
Convection current barrier type float Acquisition Instrument specific implementation step is as follows：
Step 1：Axial-flow pump 2 is arranged on convection type staving 1, then each metafiltration film 4 is adsorbed by erection support 6 afterwards
On the barrier type support 5 of layering, and the draw-in groove of 1 bottom of convection type staving is inserted, then by the draw-in groove of bung 3 and absorption filter membrane 4
The alignment of barrier type support 5 is covered, and then binds rope covering, and finally checks waterproof and the operation of equipment.
Step 2：Acquisition Instrument is transferred to into desired depth in the event of a power failure, is then electrified to and timing, its power supply can be by
Gasoline engine generator or sampling boat are provided, according to the substantially situation of water body recovery technology, the time needed for setting collection, and general 30 points
Clock, power-off afterwards, time used by record simultaneously calculate V0, and equipment is carried to sampling boat or other job sites.
Step 3：Bung 3 is opened, subregion water proof bucket 7 is inserted 1 bottom of convection type staving, each filter membrane forms relatively only
Vertical, the float concentrating sample storage area of density stratification.
Step 4：The float concentration sample that the switch of outlet 9 collects different-grain diameter is opened, with V0 except convection type staving 1
Volume V1 just can obtain cycles of concentration, and so far sampling terminates, repeat the above steps of sampling next time.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of convection current barrier type float Acquisition Instrument, mainly by convection type staving (1), axial-flow pump (2), bung (3), filter membrane
(4), barrier type support (5), bearing (6), subregion water proof bucket (7), filter screen (8), outlet (9) composition；Characterized in that, adopting
Axial-flow pump (2), convection type staving (1) and filter membrane (4) filtration in-situ water extracts obtain float sample；
Convection type staving (1) upper end is uniformly provided with 3 inclined water inlets, and flat inclination is 45 °, incline direction and the earth
The inertia force that rotation is produced is consistent；Water inlet equipment filter screen (8) prevents large-sized object from entering convection type staving, and destruction sets
Received shipment turns；Convection type staving (1) lower end arrange bearing install axial-flow pump (2), arrange bilayer zone rubber draw-in groove, one layer to every
Grating support (5) connects, and one layer to connect with subregion water proof bucket (7) in addition, and double-deck pocket numbers are identical with the filter membrane number of plies, make
Float sample after must concentrating is stored between each metafiltration film, realizes live float layering concentration collection；Convection type staving
(1) bottom arranges outlet (9) to gather the float sample of layering concentration in different filter membranous layers；Convection type staving (1)
For lucite material, sample morphology is directly observed；
Axial-flow pump (2) is fixed on convection type staving (1) lower end, and the innermost layer of barrier type support (5), the water inlet of axial-flow pump exist
Under, upper, outlet up stretches out one section to outlet；Axial-flow pump is arranged on innermost layer；
Bung (3) is connected with convection type staving (1) by bolt, and shimming waterproof；There are two apertures to be on bung (3) respectively
The preformed hole of axial-flow pump (2) and cable, is connected by watertight connector；Four projections with holes are provided with the top of bung (3), to tied rope
Son, lifts equipment, it is ensured that cable does not stress, and bung (3) bottom is provided with the draw-in groove with rubber to barrier type support (5) even
Connect, formed with bracket end and sealed, it is ensured that the not reciprocal effect of the sample in each metafiltration film；
Filter membrane (4) adsorbs on barrier type support (5), and four metafiltration films from big to small are provided with from staving side to axial-flow pump；
Barrier type support (5) has multilamellar, and quantity is consistent with filter membrane quantity, and it is right to coordinate that upper and lower end parts are totally-enclosed design
Streaming staving (1) and bung (3) form sealing, and middle part is designed to fix filter membrane (4) for barrier type realizes water body layered filtration；
Bearing (6) and convection type staving (1) are with bolts, to play a supporting role when float sample is collected, together
When prevent from equipment from bottoming out playing a protective role；
Subregion water proof bucket (7) top is left aperture and is passed through with the outlet to axial-flow pump (2), and its underpart is tiered form, its layer
Number is consistent with the filter membrane number of plies, each layer diameter less than barrier type support (5), and pluggable convection type staving (1) bottom draw-in groove with it is right
Streaming staving (1) forms the float concentrating sample storage area of relatively independent, density stratification.
2. a kind of convection current barrier type float Acquisition Instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that, filter membrane (4) and barrier type
Support (5) stratified storage different-grain diameter float sample.
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| CN201510210171.1A CN104833548B (en) | 2015-04-27 | 2015-04-27 | Convective barrier-type suspended substance acquisition instrument |
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| CN201510210171.1A CN104833548B (en) | 2015-04-27 | 2015-04-27 | Convective barrier-type suspended substance acquisition instrument |
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| CN104833548B true CN104833548B (en) | 2017-05-03 |
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| CN107469432A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2017-12-15 | 济南市市政工程设计研究院（集团）有限责任公司 | A kind of ecosystem and method for removing water body recovery technology |
| CN107677506B (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2019-05-14 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of suspended matter original position filtering and concentrating sampler |
| CN108387699A (en) * | 2018-02-10 | 2018-08-10 | 中国科学院地球化学研究所 | A kind of surface water CO2What partial pressure and relevant environmental parameter detected walks equipment of navigating |
| CN108548749A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-09-18 | 西安长庆科技工程有限责任公司 | A kind of suspended matter determination device and method of high salinity water sample |
| CN108918199A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-11-30 | 张萌 | A kind of bilayer plankton sampling device |
| CN109060424B (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2021-01-15 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | Method for monitoring concentration of suspended matters in construction sea area by utilizing sampling device |
| CN110095581B (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2021-06-18 | 自然资源部第二海洋研究所 | Protection and filtering device for underwater sensor |
| CN109946119B (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2024-03-26 | 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 | Shipborne micro-plastic layered sampling device |
| CN110553894A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2019-12-10 | 杭州九龄科技有限公司 | sample purification enrichment facility |
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