CN202928846U - Suspended substance classification and collection device for natural water - Google Patents
Suspended substance classification and collection device for natural water Download PDFInfo
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- CN202928846U CN202928846U CN 201220617775 CN201220617775U CN202928846U CN 202928846 U CN202928846 U CN 202928846U CN 201220617775 CN201220617775 CN 201220617775 CN 201220617775 U CN201220617775 U CN 201220617775U CN 202928846 U CN202928846 U CN 202928846U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a suspended substance classification and collection device for natural water. The device comprises a combined filtration kit, an operation and control box, a submersible pump and a water pipe, wherein the combined filtration kit further comprises a water inlet element, a plurality of filtration elements and a water outlet element; and the filtration elements are arranged between the water inlet element and the water outlet element in a manner of being superimposed together. According to the suspended substance classification and collection device for natural water, the filtration elements are superimposed together, the pore diameters of the filtration elements sequentially decrease from top to bottom, suspended substances of different particle diameters are separated layer by layer, and the suspended substances of different particle diameters can be separated in one time, so that the operation is simple and fast, and the accuracy is improved. The suspended substance classification and collection device has the advantages that the use is easier during field sampling, natural water of different depths can be quantitatively sampled in a manner of being matched with instruments such as a depth meter, a flowmeter and the like, the suspended substances can be separated in situ as much as possible, and the original states of the suspended substances are guaranteed; the difficulty in separation of biological particles by a sedimentation method is overcome; the flux is larger, so that the time is saved; and the cost is very low.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to water environment suspension monitoring technology, is specifically related to a kind of natural water suspension graded collecting device.
Background technology
The water body suspension refers to be suspended in the solid matter in water, comprises inorganics, organism and silt particle, clay, microorganism of water fast etc.In water, suspension content is one of index of weighing water pollution degree.Suspension is the main cause that causes the water muddiness.Easy anaerobic fermentation after organic suspended matter deposition in water body makes water quality deterioration.Suspension extensively exists in water environment, because its specific surface area is larger, becomes the carrier of conveying and decomposing pollutant, and the suspension of different-grain diameter affects the physicochemical property of pollutant in water body, is the important indicator of pollutant migration.In water body, pollutant such as metal, nutritive salt and persistence organic pollutant are easy to be adsorbed on suspension, and for the suspension of different-grain diameter, the potentiality of its adsorption fouling thing are not quite similar, and therefore, the particle diameter distribution has material impact for concentration, the form of pollutant.At present, be more common in modeling effort in the laboratory for the research of different-grain diameter and pollutant relation, in the laboratory, the suspension of different-grain diameter is easy to preparation, is easy to judge with the relation of pollutant, can partial interpretation relation between suspension and the different pollutants in field.In order to study distribute true relation with pollutant of suspension particle diameter in field water, be necessary the suspension of the different-grain diameter in the field water environment is first separated, then pollutant load is wherein measured.
Separation method for suspension mainly contains sedimentation, centrifugal separation, dry screen point-score, wet filter method, compound partition method and flow cytometric sorting method.
1) sedimentation: sedimentation is to utilize subsidence rate and its particle diameter of suspension in water body of different-grain diameter that certain correlativity is arranged, and generally, the suspended substance sedimentation speed that particle diameter is larger is faster.Sedimentation is classical method of separating the different-grain diameter suspension, has a wide range of applications, and is applicable to the larger grade scope of suspension, and the less suspension of particle diameter is difficult to separate, and the situation that exists grade to intersect, and is still not strong for the applicability of suspension.Existing document is generally the different-grain diameter suspension that utilizes in the Yellow River that the method separation planktonic organism content is few, sediment charge is high, if this method is applied to the higher suspension different-grain diameter suspension of planktonic algae content when separating, the animal plankton that particle diameter is larger or plant all can not sink to the bottom under existing state, and dead planktonic organism sinks to the sample that separates behind the bottom and can limit research range, and this makes sedimentation be used for Hyper-eutrophic suspension different-grain diameter suspension to separate and be very restricted.
2) centrifugal separation: centrifugal separation is an extension of sedimentation, the subsidence rate of suspension is accelerated in centrifugal meeting, the so effective less suspension of particle separation diameter, by constant time and constant centrifugal rotational speed, can obtain the fixedly suspension of particle diameter, traditional separation method more saves time relatively.Compare with traditional sedimentation, the method can be separated the planktonic organism of large suspension, centrifugal separation has been carried out larger improvement to sedimentation, remains and can only separate the fixed tablet level but have centrifugal separation now, and continuous separate still exists technology tired from the suspension of a plurality of particle diameters.
3) dry screen point-score: the dry screen point-score is that a large amount of water samples that will collect filter or cold dried a large amount of suspension dry of collecting, and then is placed in the screen cloth of different pore size, utilizes the pore size of screen cloth to separate.The dry screen point-score need to gather the suspension that a large amount of water bodys could obtain enough to sieve, and is coldly to do or filter water sample and all waste time and energy.This method generally is applied to the more water body of suspension content, and as rainwash, Huanghe water etc., range of application has certain limitation.
4) wet filter method: the wet filter method is similar to dry type screening method central principle, all to utilize the net of different pore size or film to hold back large suspension, see through little suspension, the former need not suspension is become stem body, directly by filter screen or filter membrane to reach the purpose of separating the different-grain diameter suspension, the method is to utilize filter screen (film) separating suspension that certain size is arranged.Compare with the dynamics particle diameter of sedimentation, more press close to the actual particle size of suspension.Yet existing this method can not disposablely be completed the purpose of filtering screening suspension, must repeatedly repeat, and the filter screen (film) that at every turn more renews is realized the separation of the suspension of different-grain diameter.
5) composite ratings method: the composite ratings method is to combine a kind of novel technical method that sedimentation and tamisage are separated suspension, the composite ratings method means that with sedimenting system it can take larger usable floor area, and the application during it is sampled in the open air is subject to certain limitation.
6) selected by flow cytometry apoptosis method: the sorting function of flow cytometer is completed by cell sorter, for planktonic organism, the selected by flow cytometry apoptosis method has great advantage, it can separate suspension and the abiotic class suspension of planktonic organism type, separate dissimilar planktonic organism, to separate thinking different from traditional particle diameter, further expanded the concept that suspension separates, but this technological means realize that cost is comparatively high with respect to other technologies.
The utility model content
For the problem that above prior art exists, based on the wet filter method, the utility model provides quick, convenient, the efficient separation of a kind of external enwergy out of office to gather the natural water suspension graded collecting device of eutrophication.
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of natural water suspension graded collecting device.
Natural water suspension graded collecting device of the present utility model comprises: filter combination set, control case, submersible pump and water pipe; Wherein, control case and be connected to submersible pump by circuit, control the collection water sample of submersible pump; Filter combination set and further comprise entry element, filtering element and water outlet element, a plurality of filtering elements are superimposed and are arranged between entry element and water outlet element, according to the size in the aperture of filtering element, successively decrease successively from top to bottom; The top of entry element is provided with water inlet, and the bottom of water outlet element is provided with water delivering orifice, and submersible pump is connected with water inlet by water pipe, and water sample is delivered to the filtration combination set, flows out from water delivering orifice.
The utility model adopts a plurality of filtering elements to be superimposed, and successively decreasing from top to bottom successively in the aperture of filtering element, successively separates the suspension of different-grain diameter, can realize the suspension of disposable separation different-grain diameter, makes simple and quickly, and improves precision.
Filtering element of the present utility model comprises filter disc and filtering layer, and filtering layer is fixed on filter disc.Be provided with via-hole array on filter disc, the aperture of through hole is between 2mm ~ 5mm, thereby water sample flows into lower one deck filtering element from via-hole array.Successively decrease from top to bottom successively in the aperture of filtering layer, thus the aperture of realizing filtering element successively decrease successively under upper, realize successively separating the suspension of different-grain diameter.Filtering layer is screen pack or filtering membrane, and material adopts nylon or Teflon.Filtering layer adopts snap ring to be fixed on filter disc.
Be provided with O-ring seal between entry element and filtering element, water outlet element and filtering element and adjacent filtering element, to guarantee the sealing between each element, guarantee that water sample passes through the filtering element of each layer successively, and can not overflow from the side.Further, adopt screw thread to be connected between each element, convenient disassembly.
The utility model further is provided with depth of probe, and an end of depth of probe is connected to controls case, and the other end is connected to submersible pump, can realize the sampling at set depth to the different depth water body.
Further, harvester of the present utility model is provided with flowmeter, flowmeter by circuit with control case and be connected, a side is provided with rising pipe, the water delivering orifice of the bottom by being arranged on the water outlet element with filter combination set and be connected, to realize quantitative sampling.
The utility model is realized the controllability power operation by controlling case, controls case and comprises: control panel; Be provided with battery, instrument and switch on control panel.According to specific needs, instrument comprises voltage instrument, flow instrument and degree of depth instrument; Switch comprises submersible pump switch, flow instrument switch, degree of depth meter switch and transfer switch.Further, the casing of controlling case is divided into two parts: control section and loading station; Control section is control panel; Loading station is placed submersible pump, water pipe, depth of probe and filtration combination set etc. when not working, the fixing combination set that filters when work.
The utility model can be realized the quantitative sampling to the different depth water body; Adopt screw thread to be connected between each element, convenient disassembly; Utilize the filtering layer of multilayer different pore size can realize the separation of multistage suspension; Both can use AC power also can use direct supply, compare with other large-scale field sampling devices, have more portability, be very suitable for the collection of different-grain diameter suspension in small water.
The utility model is more small and exquisite, can use on the small-size water surface loads such as speedboat, and the use of can sampling in the unapproachable small water of large vessel also can be used in great water body.When carrying out mask work in the open air, coordinate the instrument such as the degree of depth, flow can carry out to the natural water of different depth quantitative sampling, guarantee that the suspension of water body just can effectively be separated in position.Utilize filtering element of the present utility model, can easily realize easily multistage separation.
Advantage of the present utility model:
Use when (1) being easier to sample in the open air, the separating suspension in position of trying one's best, the virgin state of assurance suspension has avoided taking back in transfer the generation of planktonic organism death, suspension coagulation and the change of water quality that may occur before separate in the laboratory;
(2) be easy to the use that combines with other technologies, when using additive method, method of the present utility model can be separated some interfering materials in advance, as only studying non-swimming during bioseston, can utilize the filtering layer of respective aperture to stop most planktonic organism;
(3) for natural water, the water body that particularly eutrophication is serious (containing abundant algae) has fine separating power, has overcome the separation difficulty of sedimentation for biologic grain;
(4) compare with sedimentation, flux is larger, saves time;
(5) compare with the selected by flow cytometry apoptosis method, cost is very cheap.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of natural water suspension graded collecting device of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of filtration combination set of the present utility model, wherein, (a) is outside drawing, is (b) sectional view;
Fig. 3 is the explosive view with filtration combination set of a filtering element of the present utility model;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that the circuit of controlling an embodiment of case of the present utility model connects.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, further set forth the utility model by embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1, natural water suspension graded collecting device of the present utility model comprises: filter combination set 2, control case 1, submersible pump 3 and water pipe 4; Wherein, control case 1 and be connected to submersible pump 3, control the collection water sample of submersible pump 3.The present embodiment is provided with depth of probe 5 and flowmeter 6, and an end of depth of probe 5 is connected to controls case 1, and the other end is connected to submersible pump 3.Filtering combination set 2 further comprises: entry element 21, filtering element 22 and water outlet element 23, a plurality of filtering elements 22 are superimposed and are arranged between entry element 21 and water outlet element 23, according to the size in the aperture of filtering element 22, successively decrease successively from top to bottom; The top of entry element 21 is provided with water inlet, and the bottom of water outlet element 23 is provided with water delivering orifice, and submersible pump 3 is connected with water inlet by water pipe 4, water sample is delivered to filters combination set 2, flow into flowmeter 6 from water delivering orifice by rising pipe, as shown in Figure 2.
As shown in Figure 3, filtering element 22 comprises filter disc 221 and filtering layer 222; Filtering layer 222 adopts snap ring 223 to be fixed in the groove of filter disc 221; Be provided with the O-ring seal 224 of rubber between entry element 21 and filtering element 22, water outlet element 23 and filtering element 22 and adjacent filtering element 22, be placed in the O type circle groove of filter disc 221.Adopt screw thread to be connected between each element.The top of entry element 21 is provided with water inlet and is connected with submersible pump, submersible pump 3 is drawn up the water sample that comes import filtration combination set 2, aqueous sample stream is after the filtering layer and filter disc of each layer, and the water delivering orifice that process is arranged on the bottom of water outlet element 23 flow into flowmeter 6 by rising pipe.
In the present embodiment, submersible pump 3 is the D. C. submersible pump of 12V 50W, and the water outlet Peak Flow Rate is 70L/min, hoisting depth can reach 5m, if can adopt the D. C. submersible pump of 12V 90W when sampling quantity is larger, water outlet max-flow scooter 83L/min, hoisting depth can reach 7m; Depth of probe 5 is 10 meters liquid-level probes of 12V, proofreaies and correct and salt correction by air pressure, can measure poisons in freshwater and pop one's head in to the distance of the water surface, i.e. and the depth of water, measurement deviation is less than 5%; Water pipe 4 adopts silicone tube; Battery 10 adopts the lithium battery of built-in 12V 30Ah.
The casing of controlling case 1 is divided into left and right two parts: the left side is control section, and the right is loading station; Control section comprises control panel, battery, instrument, switch and connecting circuit; Loading station is placed submersible pump 3, water pipe 4, depth of probe 5 and is filtered combination set 2 when not working, the fixing combination set 2 that filters when work, and flowmeter 6 is arranged in a sidewall of loading station.
As shown in Figure 4, submersible pump 3, depth of probe 5 and flowmeter 6 are connected with instrument separately, the switch of 1 control section in controlling case respectively.Submersible pump 3 is connected with submersible pump switch 32 and battery 10; Depth of probe 5 is connected with degree of depth instrument 51, degree of depth meter switch 52 and depth of probe jack 53; Flowmeter 6 is connected with flow instrument 61 and flow instrument switch 62; Battery 10 is connected with transformer 12 and degree of depth instrument 51 with voltage instrument 11 respectively, and when charging, battery 10 is connected with jack 14, charger 13 and transfer switch 15.The connecting line insertion depth probe insertion 53 of depth of probe 5, open degree of depth meter switch 52, voltage instrument 11 and degree of depth instrument 51 show simultaneously, wherein, voltage instrument 11 needs the 5V power voltage supply, so after having adopted transformer 12 that 12V voltage is become 5V, voltage instrument 11 could work.After choosing suitable flowmeter 6, turn-on flow rate meter switch 62 shows integrated flow reading (0.00L, maximum can reach 9.99L, after reaching this value, rapidly by reset key, can continue counting from 0.00L).After the submersible pump 3 that is tied with depth of probe 5 is placed the underwater appropriate depth, open submersible pump switch 32, the water sample suction is filtered in combination set 2, enters flowmeter 6 by water pipe, and the integrated flow number of degrees are presented on flow instrument 61.After experiment is completed, close submersible pump switch 32, flow instrument switch 62 and degree of depth meter switch 52, can the stop device operation.Use in the laboratory or during charging, need by charger 13, connect charger 13 in charging jack 14, power-on switch 15, namely chargeable and use alternating current to control instrument.
The utility model can be realized the quantitative sampling to the different depth water body; Adopt screw thread to be connected between each element, convenient disassembly; Utilize the filtering layer of multilayer different pore size can realize the separation of multistage suspension; Both can use AC power also can use direct supply, compare with other large-scale field sampling devices, have more portability, be very suitable for the collection of different-grain diameter suspension in small water.
In conjunction with embodiment of the present utility model, the collection of the suspension of the different-grain diameter that utilizes device of the present utility model to gather water sample at Chaohu, Anhui Province, China is described, comprise the following steps:
1) and Chaohu Lake suspension particle size distribution data limited due to experiment condition lacks, selected the screen pack (250 μ m) of 60 order nylon, the screen pack of 100 order nylon (150 μ m), the screen pack of 200 order nylon (75 μ m), the screen pack of 400 order nylon (38 μ m), totally six grades of the filtering membranes of the micropore of the screen pack of 500 order nylon (25 μ m) and 0.8 μ m nylon, before entering field sampling, first filtering layer is cut into the size that diameter is 88mm, then place desiccator, the weight W b of filtering layer before weight is measured and filtered, be packaged in the aluminium foil valve bag and bring the field into, instrument needs charging in advance before use,
2) assembling filter combination set, filtering layer successively decreases successively under upper according to above-mentioned requirements and fixes the filtering layer of six different pore sizes, the filtration combination set that combines is placed in the loading of controlling case and covers, and the water delivering orifice of bottom is connected with flowmeter, and the top water inlet is connected with submersible pump;
3) enter predefined sampling point place, after holding hull, submersible pump is bound depth of probe, go deep into certain depth in water body, open submersible pump switch, the water sample suction is filtered in combination set and is begun classified filtering, determine the volume of the last water sample that filters according to flow instrument, gathered two points, the water yield of collection is respectively 6.5L and 8.4L, 20min and the 30min of being respectively consuming time;
4) disassemble the filtration combination set, after taking out filtering layer, be stored in 4 degrees centigrade of refrigerators and take back the laboratory, be placed in weighing Wa after the desiccator constant weight, utilize weight difference before filtering to subtract and to obtain suspension weight W at different levels.
Measuring heavy metal, nutritive salt and persistence organic pollutant can launch in research subsequently, only introduces a kind of collection embodiment herein.
It should be noted that at last: although this instructions is described design parameter of the present utility model and structure in detail by specific embodiment; but it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art; implementation of the present utility model is not limited to the description scope of embodiment; within not breaking away from the utility model essence and spiritual scope; therefore can carry out various modifications and replacement to the utility model, protection domain of the present utility model is looked the claim scope and is defined.
Claims (8)
1. a natural water suspension graded collecting device, is characterized in that, described harvester comprises: harvester comprises: filter combination set (2), control case (1), submersible pump (3) and water pipe (4); Wherein, control case (1) and be connected to submersible pump (3) by circuit, control the collection water sample of submersible pump (3); Described filtration combination set (2) further comprises entry element (21), filtering element (22) and water outlet element (23), a plurality of filtering elements (22) are superimposed and are arranged between entry element (21) and water outlet element (23), according to the size in the aperture of filtering element (22), successively decrease successively from top to bottom; The top of described entry element (21) is provided with water inlet, the bottom of described water outlet element (23) is provided with water delivering orifice, described submersible pump (3) is connected with water inlet by water pipe (4), and water sample is delivered to described filtration combination set (2), flows out from water delivering orifice.
2. harvester as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described filtering element (22) comprises filter disc (221) and filtering layer (222), and filtering layer is fixed on filter disc; Described filter disc is provided with via-hole array on (221), and the aperture of through hole is between 2mm～5mm; Described filtering layer (222) is screen pack or filtering membrane, and material adopts nylon or Teflon.
3. harvester as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, described filtering layer (222) adopts snap ring (223) to be fixed on described filter disc (221).
4. harvester as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, is provided with O-ring seal (224) between described entry element (21) and filtering element (22), water outlet element (23) and filtering element (22) and adjacent filtering element (22); Adopt screw thread to be connected between each element.
5. harvester as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, further is provided with depth of probe (5), and an end of described depth of probe (5) is connected to controls case (1), and the other end is connected to submersible pump (3).
6. harvester as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, further be provided with flowmeter (6), described flowmeter (6) by circuit with control case (1) and be connected, one side is provided with rising pipe, the water delivering orifice of the bottom by being arranged on described water outlet element (23) with filter combination set (2) and be connected.
7. harvester as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, the described case (1) of controlling comprising: control panel; Be provided with battery, instrument and switch on control panel; Described instrument comprises voltage instrument (11), flow instrument (61) and degree of depth instrument (51); Described switch comprises submersible pump switch (32), flow instrument switch (62), degree of depth meter switch (52) and transfer switch (15).
8. harvester as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, the described casing of controlling case (1) is divided into two parts: control section and loading station; Described control section is control panel; Described loading station is placed submersible pump (3), water pipe (4), depth of probe (5) and is filtered combination set (2) when not working, the fixing combination set (2) that filters when work.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201220617775 CN202928846U (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2012-11-20 | Suspended substance classification and collection device for natural water |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201220617775 CN202928846U (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2012-11-20 | Suspended substance classification and collection device for natural water |
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| CN202928846U true CN202928846U (en) | 2013-05-08 |
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| CN 201220617775 Expired - Fee Related CN202928846U (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2012-11-20 | Suspended substance classification and collection device for natural water |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102928257A (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2013-02-13 | 北京大学 | Hierarchical collection device of suspended matters of natural water body, and collection method of hierarchical collection device |
| CN104833548A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-08-12 | 大连理工大学 | Convective barrier-type suspended substance acquisition instrument |
| CN106049384A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-10-26 | 安徽普氏生态环境工程有限公司 | Centralized processing system for suspended matters in water body |
| CN109959585A (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-07-02 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | One kind entering estuarine suspended matter stage metering device |
| CN117054282A (en) * | 2023-08-09 | 2023-11-14 | 珠江水利委员会珠江流域水土保持监测中心站 | High-precision portable sediment content measuring device and method with different grade particle sizes |
-
2012
- 2012-11-20 CN CN 201220617775 patent/CN202928846U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102928257A (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2013-02-13 | 北京大学 | Hierarchical collection device of suspended matters of natural water body, and collection method of hierarchical collection device |
| CN104833548A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-08-12 | 大连理工大学 | Convective barrier-type suspended substance acquisition instrument |
| CN104833548B (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2017-05-03 | 大连理工大学 | Convective barrier-type suspended substance acquisition instrument |
| CN106049384A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-10-26 | 安徽普氏生态环境工程有限公司 | Centralized processing system for suspended matters in water body |
| CN109959585A (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-07-02 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | One kind entering estuarine suspended matter stage metering device |
| CN109959585B (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2024-01-19 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | Graded metering device for suspended matters at river mouth |
| CN117054282A (en) * | 2023-08-09 | 2023-11-14 | 珠江水利委员会珠江流域水土保持监测中心站 | High-precision portable sediment content measuring device and method with different grade particle sizes |
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