CN207649987U - The piece-rate system of suspended particulate substance and planktonic organism suitable for water body - Google Patents

The piece-rate system of suspended particulate substance and planktonic organism suitable for water body Download PDF

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CN207649987U
CN207649987U CN201721087532.9U CN201721087532U CN207649987U CN 207649987 U CN207649987 U CN 207649987U CN 201721087532 U CN201721087532 U CN 201721087532U CN 207649987 U CN207649987 U CN 207649987U
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water body
planktonic organism
collection vessel
vessel
particulate matter
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杨扬
王赛
樊静静
龙胜兴
王林
唐金鹏
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Jinan University
University of Jinan
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Jinan University
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Abstract

The piece-rate system of the utility model discloses a kind of suitable for water body suspended particulate substance and planktonic organism.The utility model includes planktonic organism collection device, settling vessel, water body collection vessel, liquid-transfering device, Suction filtration device, refrigerating plant, exclusion device and separation liquid container, separate processing operation is successfully carried out to planktonic organism and suspended particulate substance sample using this system, it may be implemented the zooplankter in river water continuously, phytoplankton, suspended particulate substance is efficiently separated successively, the utility model is compact-sized, suitable for normalizing operation, and it can be docked with water body detecting instrument, with widely applicable, simple operation and other advantages, the environmental ecology research that water body is opened for large scale provides important technological means.

Description

The piece-rate system of suspended particulate substance and planktonic organism suitable for water body
Technical field
The utility model is related to planktonic organism ecological Studies technical fields in river water, suitable more particularly, to one kind System for plankton quick separating in water body.
Background technology
There are Predatory relation between planktonic organism, zooplankter to the predation of phytoplankton and particulate matter make this three it Between there are the differences of trophic level, this species diversity can directly result in detections such as isotope, organic pollution and heavy-metal residuals In the process, the testing result between phytoplankton, zooplankter and particulate matter will produce larger difference, if isotope is from high nutrition The fractionation of grade to low nutrition grade makes the nitrogen isotope value of zooplankter be far above phytoplankton and particulate matter, and organic Object contaminates the bioaccumulation effect because of Different Nutrition grade in detection process, but also the organic pollution content in zooplankter body is remote Higher than as basic food source phytoplankton and particulate matter.Therefore, to the separation of phytoplankton, zooplankter and particulate matter It is very necessary.
But the phytoplankton, zooplankter and suspended particulate substance in Large River water body often mix, wherein The particulate matter of small particle is the degradation of upstream or littoral zone macromolecular organic matter, such as dead plant, animal, due to life of swimming The grain size of object and particulate matter is all in similar range(45 μm~1000 μm), the sample that is acquired with traditional plankton net Substantially it all mixes, it is difficult to further be detached.
Currently, existing separation phytoplankton, zooplankter, the method for organic particulate matter are sufficiently complex and efficiency is low, example If external relatively advanced method is divided again with zooplankter after first adsorbing phytoplankton and particulate matter using silica From in addition to this, also more researcher covers net using multilayer(Different pore size)The mode filtered step by step is to different grains The planktonic organism of diameter and suspended particulate substance are sieved, the problem of these methods maximum be consumptive material price costly, such as high-purity Silica adsorbent it is expensive, mostly obtained by the foreign procurement, and although the mode of multilayer set net reduces cost, still Sample losses amount is big during collection and separation, it is difficult to meet in scientific research the needs of to large sample size.
Utility model content
The technical problems to be solved in the utility model is for existing separation phytoplankton, zooplankter, organic particulate matter The deficiency of technology provides a kind of piece-rate system of the suspended particulate substance suitable for water body and planktonic organism.
A kind of piece-rate system of the planktonic organism suitable for water body and particulate matter is provided, including planktonic organism collection device, Settling vessel, water body collection vessel, liquid-transfering device, Suction filtration device, refrigerating plant, exclusion device and separation liquid container;It swims life Object collection device connects settling vessel by delivery pipe, and settling vessel lower part is equipped with outlet connection water body collection vessel 1, it is described go out Mouth is equipped with control switch;Settling vessel top is equipped with opening, opening of the liquid-transfering device 1 through settling vessel top nearly surface water Water body collection vessel 2 is moved to, water body collection vessel 2 is equipped with inlet connection separation liquid container, and separation liquid container is provided with control Switch;2 lower part of water body collection vessel is equipped with outlet connection water body collection vessel 3, and the outlet is equipped with control switch;Water body is collected 2 top of container is equipped with opening, and opening nearly surface water of the liquid-transfering device 2 through 2 top of water body collection vessel moves to water body collection Container 4;Water body collection vessel 3 and water body collection vessel 4 are separately connected Suction filtration device, and Suction filtration device is connected through conveyance conduit and freezed Device, the refrigerating plant connect exclusion device through conveyance conduit, and exclusion device is separately connected pure sample collector and impurity is collected Container.
Preferably, the de- filter device of planktonic organism collection device connection.
Preferably, the meter of the separation liquid container connection separating liquid additive amount.
Preferably, the planktonic organism collection device is the plankton net that screen distance is 0.064 mm.
Optionally, the Suction filtration device, refrigerating plant, exclusion device are respectively 2, and water body collection vessel 3 and water body are received Collection container 4 is sequentially connected with 1 Suction filtration device, 1 refrigerating plant, 1 exclusion device respectively.
Preferably, the Suction filtration device uses 0.45 μm of pore size glass fibrous filter membrane.
Preferably, the temperature of the refrigerating plant setting is -40 DEG C.
Tthe utility model system specifically uses planktonic organism collection device to collect swimming in water body when application Biology and suspended particulate substance, by the transfer of the sample of the planktonic organism containing suspended particulate substance being collected into as in settling vessel, Stand 5~after ten minutes, through stand operate after suspended particulate substance can slowly be deposited to container bottom, and swim animal and plant according to It is old that the nearly surface layer of water body is retained in suspended state, specific time of repose according to the amount of planktonic organism in sample and suspended particulate substance and It is fixed.Nearly surface water is shifted through liquid-transfering device to new water body collection vessel, is included phytoplankton and is swum to what is be collected into The water sample of animal further detaches, and the Formaldehyde-water solution of current water body volume ratio 1% is added(Formaldehyde:Water, volume ratio 5:95), Zooplankter death is set to sink using the poisonous effect of formaldehyde, and Phytoplankton Cells density will continue to retain because approaching with water In water body at the middle and upper levels.
The suspended particulate substance and phytoplankton sample isolated to the first step are slightly shaken, and have been seen whether apparent Zooplankter remains, and needs to repeat above-mentioned two steps operation if having observed zooplankter residual with purification of samples, until naked eyes are seen It examines less than there is apparent zooplankter to move in phytoplankton and particulate collection sample.
Sample after separation is removed into moisture removal using suction filtration mode, diaphragm is filtered and is filtered using 0.45 μm of pore size glass fiber Film wraps up filtered Sample storage in glass fiber filter, then with tinfoil, is preserved in 4 DEG C of conditions.
Separated swim animal and plant and organic particulate matter sample is right under the conditions of -40 DEG C using refrigerating plant Swim animal and plant and particulate matter sample be freeze-dried, it is dry after sample screened through exclusion device, pick out individual opposite Larger zooplankter, to reduce the experimental error generated by the difference of trophic level in detection process.
Water body described in the utility model includes river, lake, reservoir or ocean etc..
Planktonic organism described in the utility model refer to life in water and be in floating state invertebrate is dynamic and rudimentary plant, Wherein, zooplankter includes mainly protozoan, arthropods, Copepods, Branchiopoda, rotifera etc., and phytoplankton is main Including Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Chrysophyta, Xanthophyta, eight major class of Pyrrhophyta, Cryptophyta and Euglenophyta.Planktonic organism relates to And phytoplankton, protist and wheel animalcule.
Acquired planktonic organism particle size range is at 45 μm(Trawlnet aperture< 45 μm)More than, according to the body of planktonic organism Shape size, the planktonic organism type in the acquisition range can be divided into macroplankton(The cm of 2 cm~6), mesoplankton (The cm of 0.1 cm~2), microplankton(The mm of 0.06 mm~1.0), nanoplankton(5 μm~60 μm), superminiature Planktonic organism(5 μm hereinafter, include bacterium).
Suspended particulate substance described in the utility model includes that granularity is more than 1 nanometer(nm)All particle entities, the upper limit can Microns up to a hundred are arrived up to tens of.It is specifically including but not limited to mineral microparticle, inorganic and organic colloid, macromolecule are lived thin Bacterium, algae etc..
There are Predatory relation, zooplankters to phytoplankton and particulate matter between analyzing plankton for the utility model method Predation in terms of application or water body isotope, organic pollution and heavy-metal residual context of detection have can be pre- The applications well of phase.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:
The utility model detaches water by settling vessel through subsidence style first by the system structure of device of design science Suspended particulate substance in body and planktonic organism, standing sedimentation are still the mainly planktonic organism of suspended state after a certain period of time, and Sedimentation is then essentially suspended particulate substance;Then the tolerance degree difference according to animal and plant PARA FORMALDEHYDE PRILLS(91,95) toxicity of swimming is recycled, is added Enter reasonable, the diluted virulence dissociation liquid of specific aim, the animal and plant that will swim further detach, and zooplankter is due to being comparatively fast killed Water body is fallen to, phytoplankton will continue to be suspended in water body at the middle and upper levels;Above-mentioned two step is further repeated, until visually observing not To there is apparent zooplankter to move in phytoplankton and particulate collection sample, and the sample after separation is used into suction filtration mode Moisture removal is removed, is stored in glass fiber filter;Subsequently can to swimming animal and plant and particulate matter sample is freeze-dried, Sample after drying is easier to pick out the relatively large zooplankter of individual, reduces experimental error.It, can be with by operating above Continuously the zooplankter in river water, phytoplankton, suspended particulate substance are efficiently separated successively.
Tthe utility model system is compact-sized, is suitable for normalizing operation, has widely applicable, simple operation and other advantages, holds There are Predatory relation, zooplankters to the experiment in terms of the predation of phytoplankton and particulate matter easily between analyzing plankton System and water body isotope, organic pollution and heavy-metal residual detecting system slitless connection have expected good Using the environmental ecology research for opening water body for large scale provides important technical support.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 Tthe utility model system structural schematic diagrams.
Specific implementation mode
The utility model is further illustrated with reference to specific embodiment.Following embodiments only for illustration, no It can be construed as a limitation of the present invention.Unless stated otherwise, the reagent used in following embodiments is regular market purchase or quotient The reagent that industry approach obtains, unless stated otherwise, the method and apparatus used in following embodiments are commonly used in the art Method and apparatus.Sampling position and water sample involved in embodiment are only to illustrate the utility model thought and provide, not therefore The utility model is defined in the water body.
Embodiment 1
The piece-rate system of the present embodiment provides a kind of suitable for water body planktonic organism and particulate matter, as shown in Fig. 1, packet Include planktonic organism collection device, settling vessel, water body collection vessel, liquid-transfering device, Suction filtration device, refrigerating plant, exclusion device With separation liquid container;Planktonic organism collection device connects settling vessel by delivery pipe, and settling vessel lower part is equipped with outlet and connects Water body collection vessel 1, the outlet are equipped with control switch;Settling vessel top is equipped with opening, and liquid-transfering device 1 is through on settling vessel The opening in portion nearly surface water moves to water body collection vessel 2, and water body collection vessel 2 is equipped with inlet connection separation liquid container, Separation liquid container is provided with control switch;2 lower part of water body collection vessel is equipped with outlet connection water body collection vessel 3, the outlet It is switched equipped with control;2 top of water body collection vessel is equipped with opening, and opening of the liquid-transfering device 2 through 2 top of water body collection vessel is nearly Surface water moves to water body collection vessel 4;Water body collection vessel 3 and water body collection vessel 4 are separately connected Suction filtration device, filter dress It sets and connects refrigerating plant through conveyance conduit, the refrigerating plant connects exclusion device through conveyance conduit, and exclusion device is separately connected Pure sample collector and impurity collection vessel.
The planktonic organism collection device can also connect de- filter device.
The meter of the separation liquid container connection separating liquid additive amount, controls the additive amount of separating liquid.
The plankton net that screen distance is 0.064 mm may be used in the planktonic organism collection device.
The Suction filtration device, refrigerating plant, exclusion device can be respectively set to 2, and water body collection vessel 3 and water body are received Collection container 4 is sequentially connected with 1 Suction filtration device, 1 refrigerating plant, 1 exclusion device respectively.
The Suction filtration device uses 0.45 μm of pore size glass fibrous filter membrane.
The temperature of the refrigerating plant setting is -40 DEG C.
The application test of 2 Tthe utility model system of embodiment
1, in Liu Xihe-Water Body of The Pearl River planktonic organism and particulate matter separation application
The present embodiment with the Guangzhou rivers Liu Xi downstream to Zhujiang River section in water body planktonic organism and suspended particulate substance Acquisition separation illustrates.Sampling point selects basis《Fresh water plankton research method》, the method for sampling according to《Water and effluent monitoring Analysis method(Fourth edition)》In requirement to planktonic organism and suspended particulate substance sample collection.
S1. it uses the collection of planktonic organism collection device to be mixed with planktonic organism and suspended particulate substance water body, is conveyed after de- filter Standing sedimentation is carried out to settling vessel, water body collection vessel 1 and water body collection vessel 2 is used to collect the middle lower layer containing particulate matter respectively The nearly surface water of water body and planktonic organism containing suspended state;
S2. separating liquid control switch is opened, is added into the nearly surface water of water body collection vessel 2 from separation liquid container Separating liquid makes zooplankter sink to middle lower water column using the poisonous effect of separating liquid, and phytoplankton is retained in suspended state The nearly surface layer of water body;Water body collection vessel 3 and water body collection vessel 4 is used to collect the middle lower water column containing zooplankter and contain floating respectively Swim the nearly surface water of plant;
S3. the nearly surface layer containing the phytoplankton middle lower water column containing particulate matter of step S1 collections, step S2 collected Water body is slightly shaken, and has been seen whether apparent zooplankter residual, if having observed zooplankter residual, has been repeated respectively The operation of step S1 and step S2, until visually observing less than the middle lower water column containing particulate matter, the nearly surface layer containing phytoplankton There is apparent zooplankter to move in water body;
S4. nearly surface water of the middle lower water column containing zooplankter containing phytoplankton separated and collected is carried out respectively It filters, removes moisture content, retain pure sample;
S5. the chilled device of pure sample obtained by step S4 is freeze-dried, is delivered to exclusion device and carries out decontamination, it is real Now detach planktonic organism and particulate matter in water body.
After being acquired using 45 μm of aperture trawlnets, the water sample containing high density planktonic organism and particulate matter is transferred to 2 In the wide mouth glass bottle of L, after standing 8 minutes(Specific time of repose according to the amount of planktonic organism in sample and suspended particulate substance and It is fixed), wait for that suspended particulate substance is slowly deposited to vial bottom, by the water body turn for the animal and plant that swim at the middle and upper levels containing higher density It moves in the 1 L wide mouth glass bottles got ready(Small size vial may be selected in volume depending on shifting water body).
To after separation including that the carry out water sample of phytoplankton and zooplankter further detaches, water in current bottle is added The Formaldehyde-water solution of body volume ratio 1%(Formaldehyde:Water, volume ratio 5:95), keep zooplankter dead using the poisonous effect of formaldehyde Sinking is died, and Phytoplankton Cells density will continue to be retained in water body at the middle and upper levels because being approached with water.
The suspended particulate substance and phytoplankton sample isolated to the first step are slightly shaken, and have been seen whether apparent Zooplankter remains, and needs to repeat above-mentioned two steps operation if having observed zooplankter residual with purification of samples, until naked eyes are seen It examines less than there is apparent zooplankter to move in phytoplankton and particulate collection sample.
Isolated purification of samples is removed into moisture removal using suction filtration mode, diaphragm is filtered and uses 0.45 μm of pore size glass Fibrous filter membrane wraps up filtered Sample storage in glass fiber filter, then with tinfoil, is preserved in 4 DEG C of conditions.
Animal and plant are swum by separated and organic particulate matter sample takes back laboratory, to floating under the conditions of -40 DEG C Trip animal and plant and particulate matter sample are freeze-dried, it is dry after sample be easier to pick out that individual is relatively large to swim Animal reduces the experimental error generated by the difference of trophic level in detection process.
The result of separation is as follows:To the zooplankter, phytoplankton of gained and suspension after netting filter, separation, freeze-drying Grain object sample is weighed respectively, and measured dry weight is respectively 18.7 mg, 6.5 mg, 176.8 mg, and weight ratio is 2.88 between three: 1:27.20, higher suspended particulate substance content is the characteristic feature of the river water of mobility.In addition, for confirm this result with Practical ecological condition of water body is consistent at this, while under the microscope to zooplankter, phytoplankton and the suspension in water body The volume ratio of grain object is detected analysis, and ratio is about 2.8 between finding three:1:27.1, it is tapped with the result ten of weight ratio Closely, illustrate that piece-rate system effect of the present invention is reliable.
2, planktonic organism and particulate matter acquire and detach application in Dashahe reservoir water body
The present embodiment with Jiangmen city Dashahe reservoir in water body planktonic organism and suspended particulate substance be acquired point From illustrating.Sampling point selects basis《Fresh water plankton research method》, the method for sampling according to《Water and effluent monitoring analysis side Method(Fourth edition)》In requirement to planktonic organism and suspended particulate substance sample collection.The system and concrete operations of acquisition and separation The separation application test of planktonic organism and particulate matter in process cocurrent flow small stream river-Water Body of The Pearl River.Different from the rivers Liu Xi to Zhujiang River section, greatly Suspended particulate substance is less in Shahe Reservoir in Liyang City water body, phytoplankton(Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta)It is larger with the density of zooplankter, it is received Dirty-green is presented in the high density planktonic organism of collection, caused by the Microcystis aeruginosa for predominantly causing reservoir slight " wawter bloom ".In the present embodiment Institute's collecting sample is mainly used for Identification of Species and isotope detection, and since particulate matter is less in reservoir, and phytoplankton is more, because This, this example ignores the process of particulate matter sedimentation, directly detaches phytoplankton and zooplankter using dilute formalin, takes back Isotope and organic contamination analyte detection are used for behind laboratory.
The result of separation is as follows:To the zooplankter, phytoplankton of gained and suspension after netting filter, separation, freeze-drying Grain object sample is weighed respectively, and measured dry weight is respectively 49.4 mg, 64.5 mg, 236.9 mg, and weight ratio is 1 between three: 1.30:4.79, higher planktonic organism amount is the characteristic feature of the weaker reservoir water body of mobility.In addition, to confirm this result It is consistent with the practical ecological condition of water body at this, while under the microscope to zooplankter, phytoplankton and the suspension in water body The volume ratio of particulate matter is detected analysis, and ratio is about 1 between finding three:1.37:4.65, very with the result of weight ratio It is close, illustrate that piece-rate system effect of the present invention is reliable.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of piece-rate system of the planktonic organism suitable for water body and particulate matter, which is characterized in that collected including planktonic organism Device, settling vessel, water body collection vessel, liquid-transfering device, Suction filtration device, refrigerating plant, exclusion device and separation liquid container;It is floating The biological collection device of trip connects settling vessel by delivery pipe, and settling vessel lower part is equipped with outlet connection water body collection vessel 1, institute It states outlet and is equipped with control switch;Settling vessel top is equipped with opening, opening of the liquid-transfering device 1 through settling vessel top nearly surface layer Water body moves to water body collection vessel 2, and water body collection vessel 2 is equipped with inlet connection separation liquid container, and separation liquid container is provided with Control switch;2 lower part of water body collection vessel is equipped with outlet connection water body collection vessel 3, and the outlet is equipped with control switch;Water body 2 top of collection vessel is equipped with opening, and opening nearly surface water of the liquid-transfering device 2 through 2 top of water body collection vessel moves to water body Collection vessel 4;Water body collection vessel 3 and water body collection vessel 4 are separately connected Suction filtration device, and Suction filtration device is connected through conveyance conduit Refrigerating plant, the refrigerating plant connect exclusion device through conveyance conduit, and exclusion device is separately connected pure sample collector and impurity Collection vessel.
2. according to claim 1 suitable for water body planktonic organism and particulate matter piece-rate system, which is characterized in that it is described The de- filter device of planktonic organism collection device connection.
3. according to claim 1 suitable for water body planktonic organism and particulate matter piece-rate system, which is characterized in that it is described Detach the meter of liquid container connection separating liquid additive amount.
4. according to claim 1 suitable for water body planktonic organism and particulate matter piece-rate system, which is characterized in that it is described Planktonic organism collection device is the plankton net that screen distance is 0.064mm.
5. according to claim 1 suitable for water body planktonic organism and particulate matter piece-rate system, which is characterized in that it is described Suction filtration device, refrigerating plant, exclusion device are respectively 2, and water body collection vessel 3 and water body collection vessel 4 are filtered with 1 respectively Device, 1 refrigerating plant, 1 exclusion device are sequentially connected.
6. according to claim 1 or the piece-rate system of 5 planktonic organisms and particulate matter suitable for water body, which is characterized in that The Suction filtration device uses 0.45 μm of pore size glass fibrous filter membrane.
7. according to claim 1 or the piece-rate system of 5 planktonic organisms and particulate matter suitable for water body, which is characterized in that The temperature of the refrigerating plant setting is -40 DEG C.
CN201721087532.9U 2017-08-29 2017-08-29 The piece-rate system of suspended particulate substance and planktonic organism suitable for water body Active CN207649987U (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111474021A (en) * 2020-01-07 2020-07-31 三峡大学 Method for rapidly fixing and identifying phytoplankton in water body
CN113281209A (en) * 2021-04-02 2021-08-20 北京东方建宇混凝土科学技术研究院有限公司 Method for detecting insoluble substances in wastewater

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111474021A (en) * 2020-01-07 2020-07-31 三峡大学 Method for rapidly fixing and identifying phytoplankton in water body
CN113281209A (en) * 2021-04-02 2021-08-20 北京东方建宇混凝土科学技术研究院有限公司 Method for detecting insoluble substances in wastewater

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