CN107576557A - A kind of method of particulate matter and planktonic organism in efficiently quick separating water body - Google Patents
A kind of method of particulate matter and planktonic organism in efficiently quick separating water body Download PDFInfo
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- CN107576557A CN107576557A CN201710753923.8A CN201710753923A CN107576557A CN 107576557 A CN107576557 A CN 107576557A CN 201710753923 A CN201710753923 A CN 201710753923A CN 107576557 A CN107576557 A CN 107576557A
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Abstract
The invention discloses the method and application of suspended particulate substance and planktonic organism in a kind of efficiently quick separating water body.This method planktonic organism and suspended particulate substance sample successfully carry out separate processing operation, and realization is continuously efficiently separated the zooplankter in river water, phytoplankton, suspended particulate substance successively.The inventive method have the advantages that it is widely applicable, simple to operate, fast and effective, for large scale open water body environmental ecology research provide important technological means.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to planktonic organism ecological Studies technical field in river water, more particularly, in a kind of water body
Plankton fast separating process and its application in terms of quantitative analysis.
Background technology
Predatory relation between planktonic organism be present, zooplankter the predation of phytoplankton and particulate matter is made this three it
Between the difference of trophic level be present, this species diversity can directly result in be detected in isotope, organic pollution and heavy-metal residual etc.
During, the testing result between phytoplankton, zooplankter and particulate matter can produce larger difference, if isotope is from high nutrition
The fractionation of level to low nutrition level causes the nitrogen isotope value of zooplankter to be far above phytoplankton and particulate matter, and organic
Because of the bioaccumulation effect of Different Nutrition level in thing dye detection process, also make it that the organic pollution content in zooplankter body is remote
The phytoplankton of food source and particulate matter based on being higher than.Therefore, to the separation of phytoplankton, zooplankter and particulate matter
It is very necessary.
But the phytoplankton, zooplankter and suspended particulate substance in Large River water body often mix, wherein
The particulate matter of small particle is the degraded of upstream or littoral zone macromolecular organic matter, such as dead plant, animal, due to life of swimming
The particle diameter of thing and particulate matter is all in similar range（45 μm~1000 μm）, the sample that is gathered with traditional plankton net
Substantially all mix, it is difficult to further be separated.
At present, it is existing separation phytoplankton, zooplankter, the method for organic particulate matter is sufficiently complex and efficiency is low, example
If external relatively advanced method is divided again with zooplankter after first adsorbing phytoplankton and particulate matter using silica
From in addition, also more researcher is using multilayer set net（Different pore size）The mode filtered step by step is to different grains
The planktonic organism in footpath and suspended particulate substance are sieved, be the problem of these method maximums consumptive material price costly, such as high-purity
Silica adsorbent it is expensive, more obtained by the foreign procurement, and although the mode of multilayer set net reduces cost, still
Loss amount is big during collection and separation, it is difficult to meets the needs to the scientific research mission of great amount of samples.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is for existing separation phytoplankton, zooplankter, organic particulate matter technology
Deficiency, there is provided a kind of method of suspended particulate substance and planktonic organism in efficiently quick separating water body.
Another technical problems to be solved of the present invention are to provide the application of methods described.
A kind of method of planktonic organism and particulate matter in efficiently quick separating water body is provided, comprised the following steps：
S1. it is blended with planktonic organism and suspended particulate substance water body carries out standing sedimentation, collects the middle lower floor containing particulate matter respectively
Water body and the nearly surface water of planktonic organism containing suspended state；
S2. toward collect the animal and plant that swim containing suspended state nearly surface water in add separating liquid, utilize the toxicity of separating liquid
Effect makes zooplankter sink to middle lower floor's water body, and phytoplankton is retained in the nearly top layer of water body with suspended state；Collect respectively containing floating
Middle lower floor's water body of travelling thing and the nearly surface water containing phytoplankton；
S3. the nearly surface water containing phytoplankton that middle lower floor's water body containing particulate matter, the step S2 collected to step S1 is collected
Slightly shaken, seen whether obvious zooplankter residual, if it was observed that there is zooplankter residual, respectively repeated steps
S1 and step S2 operation, until visually observing less than middle lower floor's water body containing particulate matter, the nearly surface water containing phytoplankton
In there is obvious zooplankter to move；
S4. nearly surface water of the middle lower floor's water body containing phytoplankton containing zooplankter separated and collected is filtered respectively,
Moisture content is removed, retains pure sample；
S5. the pure sample obtained by step S4 is freezed respectively, dry, decontamination, realize separation water body in planktonic organism and
Grain thing；
Separating liquid described in step S2 is the material with zooplankter toxicity.
Preferably, the addition of separating liquid described in step S2 is the nearly superficial water according to the planktonic organism containing suspended state
1~2% amount of body volume determines；It is preferred that 1%.
Preferably, separating liquid described in step S2 is the mixed liquor of formaldehyde and water.
It is further preferred that in the mixed liquor of the formaldehyde and water, the volume ratio of formaldehyde and water is 5：95.
Be mixed with planktonic organism described in step S1 and suspended particulate substance water body be 0.064mm with screen distance planktonic organism
Net（No. 25 plankton nets）Planktonic organism in quantitative collection water body, take off filter in the river of top layer and obtain；It is preferred that the de- filter time
For 1~3 min.
Preferably, filtered described in step S4 and use 0.45 μm of pore size glass fibrous filter membrane.
Preferably, it is by filtered Sample storage in glass fiber filter pure sample to be retained described in step S4, then uses tin
Paper bag is wrapped up in, and is preserved in 4 DEG C of conditions.
Preferably, the temperature being freeze-dried described in step S5 is -40 DEG C.
Preferably, decontamination described in step S5 is to pick the sample after freezing to there emerged a the relatively large zooplankter of body.
Planktonic organism and the suspended particulate substance in water body are collected using plankton haul, what will be collected into contains suspension
The sample transfer of the planktonic organism of grain thing is as in 2L wide mouth glass bottles, and standing is after 5~10 minutes, the suspension after standing and operating
Particulate matter can slowly be deposited to vial bottom, and the animal and plant that swim still are retained in the nearly top layer of water body with suspended state, specific quiet
The time is put depending on the amount of planktonic organism in sample and suspended particulate substance.Nearly surface water is shifted into new vial, it is right
Be collected into include phytoplankton and the water sample of zooplankter further separates, add water body volume ratio 1% in current bottle
Formaldehyde-water solution（Formaldehyde:Water, volume ratio 5：95）, zooplankter death is sunk using the poisonous effect of formaldehyde, and plant of swimming
Thing cell density may proceed to be retained in water body at the middle and upper levels because being approached with water.
The suspended particulate substance and phytoplankton sample isolated to the first step are slightly shaken, and have been seen whether obvious
Zooplankter remains, and needs to repeat above-mentioned two steps operation if it was observed that there is zooplankter residual with purification of samples, until naked eyes are seen
Examine less than there is obvious zooplankter to move in phytoplankton and particulate collection sample.
Sample after separation is removed into moisture removal using suction filtration mode, barrier film is filtered and is filtered using 0.45 μm of pore size glass fiber
Film, filtered Sample storage is wrapped up in glass fiber filter, then with tinfoil, preserved in 4 DEG C of conditions.
Animal and plant are swum by separated and organic particulate matter sample takes back laboratory, to floating under the conditions of -40 DEG C
Trip animal and plant and particulate matter sample are freeze-dried, and dried sample, which is easier to pick, there emerged a that body is relatively large to swim
Animal, so as to reduce in detection process because of the difference of trophic level and caused by experimental error.
Water body of the present invention includes river, lake, reservoir or ocean etc..
Planktonic organism of the present invention refer to live in water in floating state invertebrate is dynamic and rudimentary plant, its
In, zooplankter mainly includes protozoan, arthropods, Copepods, Branchiopoda, rotifera etc., and phytoplankton is mainly wrapped
Include Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Chrysophyta, Xanthophyta, Pyrrhophyta, Cryptophyta and the major class of Euglenophyta eight.Planktonic organism is related to
Phytoplankton, protist and wheel animalcule.
Gathered planktonic organism particle size range is at 45 μm（Trawlnet aperture< 45 μm）More than, according to the body of planktonic organism
Shape size, the planktonic organism type in the acquisition range can be divided into macroplankton（The cm of 2 cm~6）, mesoplankton
（The cm of 0.1 cm~2）, microplankton（The mm of 0.06 mm~1.0）, nanoplankton（5 μm~60 μm）, superminiature
Planktonic organism（Less than 5 μm, including bacterium）.
Suspended particulate substance of the present invention includes granularity and is more than 1 nanometer（nm）All particulate entities, its upper limit up to number
Ten arrive microns up to a hundred.It is specifically including but not limited to mineral microparticle, inorganic and organic colloid, macromolecule, lived bacterium, algae
Class etc..
There is Predatory relation in the inventive method, zooplankter catches to phytoplankton and particulate matter between analyzing plankton
Application or expected in having for water body isotope, organic pollution and heavy-metal residual context of detection in terms of food effect
Applications well.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
The present invention is dexterously different with mobility according to relative density, is separated first by standing sedimentation mode outstanding in water body
Floating particles thing and planktonic organism, are still the mainly planktonic organism of suspended state after standing sedimentation certain time, and settle then
Essentially suspended particulate substance；Then recycle the tolerance degree according to animal and plant PARA FORMALDEHYDE PRILLS(91,95) toxicity of swimming different, add rationally,
The virulence dissociation liquid of specific aim dilution, the animal and plant that will swim further separate, and zooplankter falls to water because of very fast be killed
Body, phytoplankton may proceed to be suspended in water body at the middle and upper levels；Above-mentioned two step is further repeated, is planted to visually observing less than swimming
There is obvious zooplankter to move in thing and particulate collection sample, and the sample after separation is gone to remove water using suction filtration mode
Point, it is stored in glass fiber filter；Subsequently can be to swimming animal and plant and particulate matter sample is freeze-dried, after drying
Sample be easier to pick and there emerged a the relatively large zooplankter of body, reduce experimental error.Operated more than, can be continuously
Zooplankter in river water, phytoplankton, suspended particulate substance are efficiently separated successively.The inventive method has suitable
With it is wide, simple to operate, fast and effective the advantages that, exist between analyzing plankton Predatory relation, zooplankter to swim plant
Application in terms of the predation of thing and particulate matter or in water body isotope, organic pollution and heavy-metal residual context of detection
Have expected applications well be large scale opening water body environmental ecology research provide important technological means.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 the inventive method implementation process diagrams.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated with reference to specific embodiment.Following being given for example only property of embodiment explanations, it is impossible to manage
Solve as limitation of the present invention.Unless stated otherwise, the reagent used in following embodiments is that conventional purchased in market or commercial sources obtain
The reagent obtained, unless stated otherwise, the method and apparatus used in following embodiments are method commonly used in the art and set
It is standby.The sampling position being related in embodiment and water sample are only to illustrate inventive concept and provide, and are not therefore limited the present invention
In the water body.
The separation of planktonic organism and particulate matter in the Liu Xi rivers of embodiment 1-Water Body of The Pearl River
The present embodiment in Guangzhou Liu Xi rivers downstream to Zhujiang River section to the planktonic organism in water body and suspended particulate substance to gather
Separation illustrates.Sampling point selects basis《Fresh water plankton research method》, the method for sampling according to《Water is analyzed with effluent monitoring
Method（Fourth edition）》In requirement to planktonic organism and suspended particulate substance sample collection.
Operating procedure is as follows：
S1. it is blended with planktonic organism and suspended particulate substance water body carries out standing sedimentation, collects the middle lower floor containing particulate matter respectively
Water body and the nearly surface water of planktonic organism containing suspended state；
S2. toward collect the animal and plant that swim containing suspended state nearly surface water in add separating liquid, utilize the toxicity of separating liquid
Effect makes zooplankter sink to middle lower floor's water body, and phytoplankton is retained in the nearly top layer of water body with suspended state；Collect respectively containing floating
Middle lower floor's water body of travelling thing and the nearly surface water containing phytoplankton；
S3. the nearly surface water containing phytoplankton that middle lower floor's water body containing particulate matter, the step S2 collected to step S1 is collected
Slightly shaken, seen whether obvious zooplankter residual, if it was observed that there is zooplankter residual, respectively repeated steps
S1 and step S2 operation, until visually observing less than middle lower floor's water body containing particulate matter, the nearly surface water containing phytoplankton
In there is obvious zooplankter to move；
S4. nearly surface water of the middle lower floor's water body containing phytoplankton containing zooplankter separated and collected is filtered respectively,
Moisture content is removed, retains pure sample；
S5. the pure sample obtained by step S4 is freezed respectively, dry, decontamination, realize separation water body in planktonic organism and
Grain thing.
Specifically, after being acquired using 45 μm of aperture trawlnets, by the water sample containing high density planktonic organism and particulate matter
It is transferred in 2 L wide mouth glass bottle, after standing 8 minutes（Specific time of repose is according to planktonic organism in sample and suspended particulate
Depending on the amount of thing）, treat that suspended particulate substance is slowly deposited to vial bottom, will be swum animal and plant containing higher density at the middle and upper levels
Water body be transferred in the 1 L wide mouth glass bottles got ready（Small size vial may be selected in volume depending on shifting water body）.
The carry out water sample for including phytoplankton and zooplankter after separation is further separated, adds current bottle reclaimed water
The Formaldehyde-water solution of body volume ratio 1%（Formaldehyde:Water, volume ratio 5：95）, make zooplankter dead using the poisonous effect of formaldehyde
Sinking is died, and Phytoplankton Cells density may proceed to be retained in water body at the middle and upper levels because being approached with water.
The suspended particulate substance and phytoplankton sample isolated to the first step are slightly shaken, and have been seen whether obvious
Zooplankter remains, and needs to repeat above-mentioned two steps operation if it was observed that there is zooplankter residual with purification of samples, until naked eyes are seen
Examine less than there is obvious zooplankter to move in phytoplankton and particulate collection sample.
Isolated purification of samples is removed into moisture removal using suction filtration mode, barrier film is filtered and uses 0.45 μm of pore size glass
Fibrous filter membrane, filtered Sample storage is wrapped up in glass fiber filter, then with tinfoil, preserved in 4 DEG C of conditions.
Animal and plant are swum by separated and organic particulate matter sample takes back laboratory, to floating under the conditions of -40 DEG C
Trip animal and plant and particulate matter sample are freeze-dried, and dried sample, which is easier to pick, there emerged a that body is relatively large to swim
Animal, reduce detection process in because of the difference of trophic level and caused by experimental error.
The result of separation is as follows：To by net filter, separation, it is lyophilized after the zooplankter of gained, phytoplankton and suspend
Grain thing sample is weighed respectively, and measured dry weight is respectively 18.7 mg, 6.5 mg, 176.8 mg, and weight ratio is 2.88 between three：
1：27.20, higher suspended particulate substance content is the characteristic feature of the river water of mobility.In addition, for confirm this result with
Actual ecological condition of water body is consistent at this, while under the microscope to the zooplankter in water body, phytoplankton and suspension
The volume ratio of grain thing is tested and analyzed, and ratio is about 2.8 between finding three：1：27.1, with weight than result ten tap
Closely, illustrate that piece-rate system effect of the present invention is reliable.
Planktonic organism and particulate matter collection are with separating in the Dashahe reservoir water body of embodiment 2
The present embodiment with Jiangmen city Dashahe reservoir the planktonic organism in water body and suspended particulate substance are acquired separate into
Row explanation.Sampling point selects basis《Fresh water plankton research method》, the method for sampling according to《Water and effluent monitoring analysis method
（Fourth edition）》In requirement to planktonic organism and suspended particulate substance sample collection.The specific operation process of collection and separation is the same as real
Apply example 1.Different from Liu Xi rivers to Zhujiang River section, suspended particulate substance is less in Dashahe reservoir water body, phytoplankton（It is Cyanophyta, green
Algae door）Larger with the density of zooplankter, dirty-green is presented in collected high density planktonic organism, predominantly causes reservoir slight
The Microcystis aeruginosa institute of " wawter bloom " is extremely.Institute's collecting sample is mainly used in Identification of Species and isotope detection in the present embodiment, due to reservoir
Middle particulate matter is less, and phytoplankton is more, and therefore, this example ignores the process of particulate matter sedimentation, directly molten using dilute formaldehyde
Liquid separates phytoplankton and zooplankter, is used for isotope and organic contamination analyte detection after taking back laboratory.
The result of separation is as follows：To by net filter, separation, it is lyophilized after the zooplankter of gained, phytoplankton and suspend
Grain thing sample is weighed respectively, and measured dry weight is respectively 49.4 mg, 64.5 mg, 236.9 mg, and weight ratio is 1 between three：
1.30：4.79, higher planktonic organism amount is the characteristic feature of the weaker reservoir water body of mobility.In addition, to confirm this result
It is consistent with the actual ecological condition of water body at this, while under the microscope to the zooplankter in water body, phytoplankton and suspension
The volume ratio of particulate matter is tested and analyzed, and ratio is about 1 between finding three：1.37：4.65 with weight than result very
It is close, illustrate that piece-rate system effect of the present invention is reliable.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of planktonic organism and particulate matter in efficiently quick separating water body, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S1. it is blended with planktonic organism and suspended particulate substance water body carries out standing sedimentation, collects the middle lower floor containing particulate matter respectively
Water body and the nearly surface water of planktonic organism containing suspended state；
S2. toward collect the planktonic organism containing suspended state nearly surface water in add separating liquid, utilize separating liquid toxicity effect
Zooplankter should be made to sink to middle lower floor's water body, phytoplankton is retained in the nearly top layer of water body with suspended state；Collect to contain respectively and swim
Middle lower floor's water body of animal and the nearly surface water containing phytoplankton；
S3. the nearly surface water containing phytoplankton that middle lower floor's water body containing particulate matter, the step S2 collected to step S1 is collected
Slightly shaken, seen whether obvious zooplankter residual, if it was observed that there is zooplankter residual, respectively repeated steps
S1 and step S2 operation, until visually observing less than middle lower floor's water body containing particulate matter, the nearly surface water containing phytoplankton
In there is obvious zooplankter to move；
S4. nearly surface water of the middle lower floor's water body containing phytoplankton containing zooplankter separated and collected is filtered respectively,
Moisture content is removed, retains pure sample；
S5. the pure sample obtained by step S4 is freezed respectively, dry, decontamination, realize separation water body in planktonic organism and
Grain thing；
Separating liquid described in step S2 is the material with zooplankter toxicity.
2. the method for planktonic organism and particulate matter in efficient quick separating water body according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step
The addition of separating liquid described in rapid S2 is 1~2% amount according to the nearly surface water volume of the planktonic organism containing suspended state
It is determined that；It is preferred that 1%.
3. the method for planktonic organism and particulate matter in efficient quick separating water body according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step
Separating liquid described in rapid S2 is the mixed liquor of formaldehyde and water.
4. the method for planktonic organism and particulate matter in efficient quick separating water body according to claim 2, it is characterised in that institute
In the mixed liquor for stating formaldehyde and water, the volume ratio of formaldehyde and water is 5：95.
5. the method for planktonic organism and particulate matter in efficient quick separating water body according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step
Planktonic organism and suspended particulate substance water body are mixed with described in rapid S1 quantitatively to be adopted with the plankton net that screen distance is 0.064 mm
Collect the planktonic organism in water body, take off filter in the river of top layer and obtain；It is preferred that the de- filter time is 1~3 min.
6. the method for planktonic organism and particulate matter in efficient quick separating water body according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step
Filtered described in rapid S4 and use 0.45 μm of pore size glass fibrous filter membrane.
7. the method for planktonic organism and particulate matter in efficient quick separating water body according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step
It is to wrap up filtered Sample storage in glass fiber filter, then with tinfoil to retain pure sample described in rapid S4, is protected in 4 DEG C of conditions
Deposit.
8. the method for planktonic organism and particulate matter in efficient quick separating water body according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step
The temperature being freeze-dried described in rapid S5 is -40 DEG C.
9. the method for planktonic organism and particulate matter in efficient quick separating water body according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step
Decontamination described in rapid S5 is to pick the sample after freezing to there emerged a the relatively large zooplankter of body.
10. Predatory relation, zooplankter pair are had between analyzing plankton according to any one of claim 1 to 9 methods described
Application in terms of the predation of phytoplankton and particulate matter is examined in water body isotope, organic pollution and heavy-metal residual
Application in terms of survey.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108176132A (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2018-06-19 | 山东省淡水渔业研究院（山东省淡水渔业监测中心） | The detection of live body planktonic organism removes silt, cleaning system and correlation method with high silt water |
| CN109197801A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-01-15 | 水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所 | It is a kind of suitable for mountain stream, the acquisition device of the planktonic organism in streams |
| CN113281209A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-08-20 | 北京东方建宇混凝土科学技术研究院有限公司 | Method for detecting insoluble substances in wastewater |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108176132A (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2018-06-19 | 山东省淡水渔业研究院（山东省淡水渔业监测中心） | The detection of live body planktonic organism removes silt, cleaning system and correlation method with high silt water |
| CN108176132B (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2023-05-09 | 山东省淡水渔业研究院（山东省淡水渔业监测中心） | High silt removal and purification system and corresponding method for living plankton detection |
| CN109197801A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-01-15 | 水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所 | It is a kind of suitable for mountain stream, the acquisition device of the planktonic organism in streams |
| CN113281209A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-08-20 | 北京东方建宇混凝土科学技术研究院有限公司 | Method for detecting insoluble substances in wastewater |
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